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Liability for Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things

Sebastian Lohsse (ed.), Reiner Schulze (ed.), Dirk Staudenmayer (ed.)

2019

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Eva Lux Consequences of Digitalization from the National Legislator’s Point of View – Report on a Working Group S. 229-234

„… Discussion Panel Consequences of Digitalization from the National Legislator’s Point of View …” „… , the changes induced by digitalization also raise questions from the legislator’s point of view …” „… . Consequences of Digitalization from the National Legislator's Point of View 233 …”

Gerhard Wagner Robot Liability S. 25-62

„… discusses liability issues with a view to IoT-devices as they are believed to be of ‘central importance to …” „… concept of defect is defined in Art 6 of the Directive with a view to the reasonable expectations …” „… its current form, does apply to software ‘products’. This expansive view, that applies Art 2 of the …”

Sebastian Lohsse, Reiner Schulze, Dirk Staudenmayer Liability for Artificial Intelligence S. 9-24

„… liability for new technologies from a holistic point of view. The aim of the Product Liability branch is to …” „… of AI for the Digital Single Market. Actors to be held responsible With a view to the concrete rules …” „… putting them on the market. At the same time this is one of several points where the link with the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… National Legislator’s Point of View – Report on a Working Group 231 Eva Lux Contributors 235 Contents 8 …” „… this area of law. This becomes particularly clear with a view to Artificial Intel‐ ligence (AI). Being …” „… Liability for Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things Sebastian Lohsse/Reiner …”

Herbert Zech Liability for Autonomous Systems: Tackling Specific Risks of Modern IT S. 185-200

„… sufficiently low margin of error may suffice for declaring a neural network safe. From a legal point of view …” „… behaviour may make avoiding damages by third parties more difficult. From a legal point of view, this may be …” „… view.pdf> accessed 8 August 2018, for characterizing genome editing; cf B Fateh- Moghadam, ‘Genome …”

Georg Borges New Liability Concepts: the Potential of Insurance and Compensation Funds S. 145-164

„… purpose of compulsory insurance is whether or not a solvency risk actually exists. This starting point is …” „… adopt the view that the risks arising from manufacture and the operation of au‐ tonomous systems are …” „… New Liability Concepts: the Potential of Insurance and Compensation Funds Georg Borges …”

Giovanni Comandé Multilayered (Accountable) Liability for Artificial Intelligence S. 165-184

„… processes personal data, – from a data protection point of view – the data controller is responsible for …” „… Technology 1. 7 Ryan Calo, ‘Robotics and the Lessons of Cyberlaw’ (2015) 103 California Law Re‐ view 513. 8 …” „… illustrate this point. Any selected liability regime would set a ‘required standard of conduct’ that would …”

Miquel Martín-Casals Causation and Scope of Liability in the Internet of Things (IoT) S. 201-228

„… of things that we do not know that we do not know. The second point alludes to the ‘adaptability …” „… value of the protected interest, may point in the direction of a wider scope of liability, as in the …” „… point in the oppo‐ site direction. IoT may give rise to specific legal challenges to the concept of …”

Ernst Karner Liability for Robotics: Current Rules, Challenges, and the Need for Innovative Concepts S. 117-124

„… Karner* Starting Point Technological progress today allows for systems to undertake ever more complex …” „… series of actions. In no sense should we confine our thinking in this regard to ‘self-driving’ cars – we …” „… must also consider, for example, the use of robots for medical interventions or care activities …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845294797

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Academia in Transformation

Florian Kohstall (ed.), Carola Richter (ed.), Sarhan Dhouib (ed.), Fatima Kastner (ed.)

2018

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Tobias Amft, Kalman Graffi 10 Webs of Change? The Transformation of Online Social Networks and Communication Infrastructures from a Technological Point of View S. 161-182

„… a Technological Point of View Tobias Amft and Kalman Graffi Free speech is mankind’s most valuable …” „… scientist’s point of view, the Egyptian upheavals were technologically the most interesting of the Arab …” „… hosts physically. From another point of view, the internet is a complex infrastructure that offers …”

Amal Grami 2 Introduction: Academia in Transformation — Testing the Paradigms of New Knowledge S. 19-28

„… unknown and disconnected from international research”. From their point of view, it is urgent “to focus …” „… Online Social Networks and Communication Infrastructures from a Technological Point of View”, examines …” „… gist’s point of view in highlighting the challenges his field faces with regard to safeguarding valuable …”

Sarhan Dhouib 8 Philosophy in Transition — Philosophy of Transition S. 123-142

„… and knowledge from a computer science point of view, see the contribution by Tobias Amft and Kalman …” „… Michel Foucault offered some of his Tunisian lectures, met here and a library that was an important point …” „… (including the United Nations’ 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights) based on a particular view of …”

Fatima Kastner 7 Justice in Transformation: Rethinking Theory and Practice of the Global Transitional Justice Model S. 107-122

„… justice tools can be described, at least from a macro-sociological point of view, as transcultural …” „… field of transitional justice studies (Teitel 2015). To take a case in point, during the suspense-packed …” „… justice is now viewed as a key element of the United Nations’ toolbox for dealing with post-conflict …”

Barbara Winckler, Christian Junge 5 Opening Up the Text: Arabic Literary Studies on the Move S. 69-92

„… problems of translation, as well as issues related to the mentalities, points of view and living conditions …” „… and art as cultural practices: “Figures of Thought | Turning Points” Opening up the text in …” „… classical topics of Arabic literary studies. The research project “Figures of Thought | Turning Points …”

Carola Richter, Hanan Badr 9 Communication Studies in Transformation —Self-Reflections on an Evolving Discipline in Times of Change S. 143-160

„… more broadly became a focal point of research in relation to the Arab world. When some Egyptians went …” „… US-inspired communication studies approaches, with their focus on media effects, might be missing the point of …” „… of the role of the media in social and political change beyond this initial techno-deterministic view …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… and Communication Infrastructures from a Technological Point of View 10 161 Tobias Amft and Kalman …” „… book provides an insight into the transformation of the academic landscape in the aftermath of the …” „… reflects on how the aforementioned transformation, which is still ongoing, is shaping lines of inquiry in …”

Abstracts S. 215-220

„… of Online Social Networks and Communication Infrastructures from a Technological Point of View Tobias …” „… Abstracts 3 Middle East Studies and Academic Cooperation in the Wake of the Arab Uprisings Florian …” „… local scholars, and on appropriate formats for academic cooperation. In this article, I explore some of …”

Ammar Abdulrahman 11 The Damage Done: The “Arab Spring”, Cultural Heritage and Archaeologists at Risk S. 183-196

„… countries. This archaeological massacre is taking place in plain view of all civilized societies …” „… became a focal point of archaeological study as archaeologists sought to identify the cradle of human …” „… months later and the fate of Palmyra’s historical monuments is as uncertain as ever. A final point …”

Bilal Orfali, Rana Siblini, Maha Houssami 6 An Uprising in Teaching Arabic Language S. 93-106

„… Egypt, Tunisia, Syria and Libya. Students later said they had benefited from hearing another view of the …” „… field undergo considerable change, both in the form of quantitative growth and a qualitative shift, with …” „… the increase in the number of learners accompanied by a widespread interest in learning Arabic across …”

Jan Claudius Völkel 4 Political Science in Egypt: Talkin’ Bout a Revolution S. 49-68

„… massive effects both outside and inside the universities, which had become focal points of the societal …” „… participation and an essay of around eight pages, may account for only 30 percent of the grade.6 In my view …” „… educational system both reflects and augments the social unrest of its own people – and of those it has …”

Florian Kohstall 3 Middle East Studies and Academic Cooperation in the Wake of the Arab Uprisings S. 29-48

„… questions of daily concern. Thus, the debate on regime change should not be our only point of Florian …” „… interest in the viewpoints of local scholars have had a lasting effect on the discipline. Have the …” „… Middle East Studies and Academic Cooperation in the Wake of the Arab Uprisings Florian Kohstall …”

Hans Jörg Sandkühler 12 Transformations and Continuities. Some general Reflections S. 197-214

„… law” with a view to ending impunity (ibid: 4). Justice, democracy and the rule of law Criminal trials …” „… epistemic habits, certain kinds of evidence, perspectives and world-viewdependent presuppositions …” „… four radical transformations in the 20th century — after 1919 and the fall of the empire, after 1933 …”

Florian Kohstall, Carola Richter, Sarhan Dhouib, Fatima Kastner 1 A Note from the Editors S. 11-18

„… December 2010 and the Tahrir square protests that began just one month later mark points of departure for …” „… their developments within the variety of academic disciplines featured. Rather than viewing “Arab …” „… June 2017, Egypt’s Ministry of Education announced its decision to remove references to “the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845274348

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Child Sexual Abuse and the Media

Daniela Stelzmann (ed.), Josephine Ischebeck (ed.)

2022

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Daniela Stelzmann, Josephine Ischebeck Media coverage about child sexual abuse – a qualitative survey from the journalists’ point of view S. 163-184

„… gets more and more screaming, more and more smashing (...)” from the participant’s point of view (5 out …” „… Healthcare Practitioners’ Point of View. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health …” „… Media coverage about child sexual abuse – a qualitative survey from the journalists’ point of …”

Mikkel Rask Pedersen Where is the harm? Exploring online peer-support forums for people sexually attracted to minors as platforms to prevent child sexual abuse S. 279-302

„… . sexually. In the following, quotes of different points of view in a discussion4 of using YouTube are mapped …” „… practices they discuss are relevant goals specifically to prevent abuse from a professional point of view …” „… factor of pedophilia and CSA. Despite having avoided discussing harm from a professional point of view so …”

Daniela Stelzmann, Josephine Ischebeck Introduction S. 15-26

„… missing from our point of view is an overview of the current state of research on media coverage of CSA …” „… give insight into the topic from a practitioner’s point of view, in addition to the empirical findings …” „… media’s handling of CSA from the journalist’s point of view. Nina Apin, a long-time reporter in forensic …”

Edith Huber Child pornography in the Internet S. 231-244

„… child pornography is from a legal point of view, how it can be produced, and what possible means of …” „… process point of view. At the end the difficult topic of prevention is touched upon.Keywords: Child …” „… verbal and visual acts (Duden, 2018). Based on this definition, four controversial points of view have …”

Etzel, Gerke, Helfferich, Hoffmann, Kavemann, Lipke, Rassenhofer, Fegert “Those who break the silence break the power of the perpetrators” The media campaign of the first Independent Commissioner for the Investigation of Child Sexual Abuse in Germany 2010–2011 S. 81-100

„… Investigation of Child Sexual Abuse in Germany; contact point; Critical Incident Reporting System; Mixed Methods …” „… telephone contact point were documented, and the extent and number of calls as well as their content were …” „… consisted of several components: The contact point created in May 2010 offered the possibility to get in …”

Nicola Döring Quality issues in media representations of child sexual abuse: Newspaper articles, stock photos, and YouTube videos S. 31-58

„… practitioners’ point of view. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16 …” „… a digital space for mutual support. An analysis of the viewer comments on the notecard videos showed …” „… . The top 100 hits of each of three YouTube fil-ters (relevance, upload date, and view count) were …”

Fatma Çelik, Beyza Karabaş You don’t talk about that!? – A survey on prospective social worker’s knowledge on CSA and their use of media S. 123-134

„… . (2020). Media coverage of pedophilia: Benefits and risks from healthcare practitioners point of view …” „… use of mediaFatma Çelik & Beyza KarabaşWell-trained professionals, like social workers, are essential …” „… for effective prevention of child sexual abuse (CSA). The present study assesses knowledge and …”

Bianca Nagel, Barbara Kavemann The perspective of victims/survivors on media coverage of child sexual abuse S. 101-122

„… below.ResultsPerception and evaluation of media coverage from the participants’ point of viewThe media coverage in 2010 as …” „… according to what media coverage could achieve from the point of view of victims/survivors. Interviewees …” „… perceive media coverage. 2010 is identified as a turning point in German media coverage because of a new …”

Stelzmann, Interview with Wagner, von Heyden by Ischebeck Education and prevention through media. Interview with public relations officers S. 205-214

„… my previous view, as I said, mainly through my own reception of the media. These resentments have …” „… re‑traumatized by the reporting. So a trigger warning and naming adequate points of contact is the minimum. That …” „… cooperation between the media and experts. In my opinion, experts should always point out the limitations of …”

Nina Apin Reporting on child sexual abuse: Personal insights into the workings, challenges, and opportunities in journalism S. 215-228

„… spectacular evil instead of the “normal” abuse in everyday life obstructs the view of the actual structures …” „… Germany. Numerous cases of CSA in renowned institutions were uncovered. The media took on an essential …” „… exposing and educating role. Nina Apin, editor of a major German daily newspaper, has been dealing with the …”

Tereza Zavadilová The clergy child sexual abuse and its cover-up in media: An explorative study of the official Vatican media and American Catholic media in 2013–2020 S. 59-78

„… explorative view of the media coverage of the clergy child sexual abuse (CSA) in the Catholic Church. It is …” „… from Podles’7 and Farrell’s8, are those of Berry (1992) and Bruni with Burkett (1993).9 From some point …” „… of view, by celibacy “ironic by-product” was made: “tolerance of clergy homosexuality” (Martel, 2019 …”

Stjepka Popović Media presentation and stereotypes of child sexual abuse perpetrators S. 137-162

„… Practitioners’ Point of View. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(16), 1–18 …” „… terms when describing CSA in the church in relation to other cases points to the inclination of …” „… mental illness, most of them acting quite normally. Mužinić and Vukota (2010) point out that among the …”

Simone Eelmaa, Maria Murumaa-Mengel Who is worthy of help? Constructing the stereotype of the “ideal victim” of child sexual abuse S. 261-278

„… illustrate the point: a vulnerable old lady who was robbed in the middle of the day on the street by a big …” „… consider rape myths (Adolfsson, 2018), narratives that do not view rape as an act of violence (but as a …” „… convictions but constructions of online forum participants’ views.ResultsThe stereotype of the “ideal victim …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748904403

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Social Law 4.0

Ulrich Becker (ed.), Olga Chesalina (ed.)

Series: Studien aus dem Max-Planck-Institut für Sozialrecht und Sozialpolitik

Volume 74 2021

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Edoardo Ales Chapter 4 Is the Classification of Work Relationships Still a Relevant Issue for Social Security? An Italian Point of View in the Era of Platform Work S. 97-116

„… ? An Italian Point of View in the Era of Platform Work Edoardo Ales Introduction This chapter aims at …” „… 4: An Italian Point of View in the Era of Platform Work 99 tool, both for labour law and social law …” „… : Zanichelli 1970. Chapter 4: An Italian Point of View in the Era of Platform Work 101 Civil Code dedicated to …”

Borja Suárez Corujo Chapter 9 The Influence of the Platform Economy on the Financing of Social Security: the Spanish Case S. 229-256

„… within typical Bismarckian systems would then arise. First, from a general point of view, the restrained …” „… first appeals.9 But from that point onwards, the state of play seemed to have changed (definitely …” „… means provided by the rider. Borja Suárez Corujo 236 In some way, we could speak of a true turning point …”

Ulrich Becker, Olga Chesalina Chapter 1 Social Law 4.0: Challenges and Opportunities in Social Protection S. 13-38

„… Work Relationships Still a Relevant Issue for Social Security?” is asked from “An Italian Point of View …” „… situation in which an umbrella company, from a social security point of view, pays taxes and social security …” „… Part I: Starting Points: The Changing World of Work as a Challenge for Social Security Chapter 1 …”

Natalie Videbæk Munkholm Chapter 7 Collective Agreements and Social Security Protection for Non-Standard Workers and Particularly for Platform Workers: The Danish Experience S. 171-202

„… partners is then discussed, with a view to highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the Danish …” „… self-employed platform worker is used as a starting point. If the number of months with the required level of …” „… point the information provided by the self-employed person for the number of hours in activities as a …”

Olga Chesalina Chapter 2 Platform Work: Critical Assessment of Empirical Findings and its Implications for Social Security S. 39-72

„… , insights from a social policy point of view rather than from empirical evidence. Many studies mention …” „… evidence are discussed in the fifth Section. Finally, and important from a social security point of view …” „… , https://www.rolandberger.com/en/Point-of-View/The -future-of-the-gig-economy.html. Accessed 12 September 2020; Achleitner, Ranjana Andrea …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… ? An Italian Point of View in the Era of Platform Work 97 Edoardo Ales 7 Chapter 5 Relationship between …” „… Authors 11 Starting Points: The Changing World of Work as a Challenge for Social Security Part I: Chapter …” „… (ePDF) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Becker, Ulrich / Chesalina, Olga Social Law …”

Yves Jorens Chapter 3 The Sharing Economy in Belgium: Status due to Taxation or Non-Status? S. 73-96

„… competition between sectors or workers.34 The CNT points out that the introduction of the tax and social …” „… . Legal doctrine points out that 43 Labour Court Brussels, 6 April 1981, TSR, 1981, 577. 44 Article 1 of …” „… , Antwerp: Intersentia 2020, pp. 139-140. 48 Ibid., pp. 138-139. 49 Point 4 of Article 2 (1) of the Law of …”

Katerina Pantazatou Chapter 14 Taxation of the Platform Economy: Challenges and Lessons for Social Security S. 363-393

„… Uber driver or the Airbnb host. With regard to the former point, the nature of the services provided by …” „… standards that Uber itself had determined. On the other hand, as is apparent from points 27 and 29 of this …” „… constitutes, in the CJEU’s view, the distinctive element that separates the mere management of private …”

Paul Schoukens Chapter 12 Building Up and Implementing the European Standards for Platform Workers S. 307-334

„… risks. From a point of view of sustainability, it is challenging to guarantee adequate (minimum …” „… the EU, be it because from a legal point of view VI. 31 Barrio, Alberto/Schoukens, Paul, The Changing …” „… mentioned earlier, another point of criticism is the fact that no clear definitions have been developed for …”

Gijsbert Vonk Chapter 6 Extending Social Insurance Schemes to “Non-Employees”: The Dutch Example S. 147-170

„… qualify as an interesting practice from a comparative point of view. This is because the registration …” „… with 4.7 percentage points of growth in the 10 years prior to 2018.2 With a 30 percent flex share of …” „… extra-minimal protection for old age and death through the occupational pension system (in view of the fact that …”

Philip Larkin Chapter 5 Relationship between Employment Status and Scope of Social Security Protection: The United Kingdom Example S. 117-146

„… first is the obvious point that, having the status of self-employed workers, they do not receive the …” „… unearned rights, and in keeping with the view of Grover and Stewart that such reforms have been shaped by …” „… Larkin 138 The point was also underscored in the House of Commons Work and Pension Committee Report that …”

Gaabriel Tavits Chapter 11 New Forms of Employment and Innovative Ways for the Collection of Social Security Contributions: The Example of Estonia S. 281-306

„… protection is not relevant. In view of the above situation, the health insurance system and access to it …” „… Chapter 11 New Forms of Employment and Innovative Ways for the Collection of Social Security …” „… Contributions: The Example of Estonia Gaabriel Tavits Introduction The spreading of new forms of work …”

Annamaria Westregård Chapter 8 Looking for the (Fictitious) Employer – Umbrella Companies: The Swedish Example S. 203-228

„… responsibility for the performing parties during the time they are working.6 The organisation’s point of view is …” „… Annamaria Westregård Introduction A new business model – a version of the umbrella company, or …” „… contacts I. 1 Eurofound, New Forms of Employment, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748912002

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German Defence Politics

Ina Wiesner (ed.)

Series: Schriften der Akademie der Bundeswehr für Information und Kommunikation

Volume 30 2013

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Hans-Werner Wiermann German defence and military policy in the UN, NATO and the EU from the point of view of the Military Policy Division, Armed Forces Staff S. 79-102

„… 79 German defence and military policy in the UN, NATO and the EU from the point of view of the …” „… policy point of view, the most important aspect has been the conversion of military capabilities, i.e …” „… politico-military point of view, France is also highly significant. Since 1988, the Franco-German Defence and …”

Stefan Bayer The political economy of German defence Theoretical determinants and practical design of the federal budget as exemplified by Departmental Budget 14 S. 227-250

„… national economic point of view, see Bayer, 2009a). Mission accomplishment2 in the Bundeswehr very much …” „… economic point of view, does not represent investment) falls into four categories: research, development …” „… Bundeswehr’s point of view, this should be carefully considered in establishing and discussing future budgets …”

Gregor Richter Modernisation in the Bundeswehr – privatisation and public-private partnerships (PPP) S. 281-294

„… , and these arguments occasionally override the results of efficiency analyses. From the point of view …” „… the point of view of the public sector have been carried out. The reasons for the difficulty of …” „… modernisation, we are referring exclusively to the modernisation of the support sector with a view to achieving …”

Armin Müller The Bundeswehr reserve S. 181-192

„… directly. But even from the point of view of domestic politics, the reserve system at that time was no …” „… point of view of the active forces, this has substantially hampered the drafting of reservists because …” „… , those units which consisted mostly of reservists and which had hitherto been the key point of …”

Helmuth Heumann The armament acquisition process – nature, development, challenges S. 251-280

„… . From today’s point of view, the general criticism is that, despite many attempts, all efforts to …” „… point of view of their cost effectiveness, by issuing detailed audit comments and, in its capacity as …” „… always lead to the best possible solution from an operational, technical or economic point of view …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… the EU from the point of view of the Military Policy Division, Armed Forces Staff Hans-Werner …” „… copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically …” „… those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying …”

Christoph Reifferscheid, Ulf Bednarz Inside German defence The Federal Ministry of Defence S. 103-126

„… of the executive group of the Federal Ministry of Defence’. At this point, it must be made …” „… then had never been the actual starting point of a reform or reorientation process. In addition to the …” „… demanded. The Federal Ministry of Defence provides a new starting point for this, its present …”

Dieter Heuer The Federal Defence Administration S. 193-226

„… , especially as the Bundeswehr is the self-insurer of its vehicles. In view of the Bundeswehr’s integration in …” „… , 2010: 31). Soon after the fall of the Iron Curtain, however, it became apparent that in view of the …” „… housing-related services. In theatres of operations In view of the special conditions and needs in theatres of …”

Ina Wiesner German defence politics – an introduction S. 13-22

„… point of view. The next part of the volume takes a look at current debates. In the first essay, Jörg …” „… , Heumann provides an analysis of the armament sector in Germany, pointing to those areas which in his view …” „… 13 German defence politics – an introduction Ina Wiesner The idea of publishing a book on how …”

Axel Hecht Preface S. 11-12

„… evidence points to the work of Islamist fundamentalists. With a view to the state’s functions, this …” „… also affected. In terms of public opinion, external security has become less and less important in the …” „… Federal Republic of Germany since the end of the Cold War. Here in the centre of Europe, people today …”

Gerhard Kümmel Between rejection of war and intervention fatigue – the armed forces, the state and society in Germany S. 307-332

„… military as a state within the state is hardly realistic from an empirical point of view, because there …” „… from family at shortnotice. In view of the special code of the military subsystem, it is not …” „… parliamentary ombudsman who acts as a point of contact for every soldier (see Schlaffer, 2006), and the creation …”

Sabine Collmer Suspending the conscript system S. 333-344

„… Defence zu Guttenberg came under severe budgetary pressure, at which point he adopted the idea of …” „… Republic (GDR) by “promoting an exchange of views and ideas between young people in the East and the West …” „… 333 Suspending the conscript system Sabine Collmer Introduction After the end of the Cold War …”

Dieter Weingärtner The law on Bundeswehr operations abroad – an overview S. 345-358

„… Grundgesetz, but based ultimately on a decision of the Federal Constitutional Court, which held the view that …” „… permissible under international law. In the view of the Federal Prosecutor General, the order to drop the …” „… to the arrest of the plaintiff. In its view, the action was justified under Article 105 of the …”

Sven Bernhard Gareis The making of Germany’s security and defence policy – actors, responsibilities, procedures, and requirements S. 49-78

„… point that, as of yet, there has been no comprehensive scientific study of the decision-making …” „… due time. In order to clarify the contents and procedure of this standard, which had been a point of …” „… Federal Government was of the view that this deployment of the armed forces became permissible due to the …”

Tom Dyson Conclusion German defence politics – a view from abroad S. 373-394

„… not confined to Germany. The 2009 Independent Review of Acquisition conducted by Bernard Gray points …” „… anticipated that these changes will lead to a reduction in the number of veto-points to enacting change and …” „… 373 German defence politics – a view from abroad Tom Dyson Introduction: German defence …”

Manfred Engelhardt Jointness in the Bundeswehr S. 163-180

„… was the starting point of the Bundeswehr’s most extensive reform, which took place over many years …” „… older outdated structures were dismantled. In view of the changes in the security landscape, the …” „… the Army, the Air Force and the Navy. In view of operational reality, expensive duplications and cost …”

Jörg Jacobs Current debates in German defence Public opinion, the Bundeswehr and public affairs S. 295-306

„… commander or agency head and are points of 3 The main task of the youth officers is to convey a basic …” „… as an army in a democratic state, with a place at the centre rather than on the fringes of society …” „… . As such, it needs to gain support for the objectives of legitimised operations. At the same time …”

Stephan Böckenförde The foundations of German defence German security policy S. 23-48

„… result of a narrowed and history-based view. This narrowed view is connected with the emergence of …” „… . In view of this structural factor, the institutional element in the international system, i.e. the …” „… Cold War) (on these three points, see Thos 2007: 19f). And, fourth, the adoption of a …”

Dietmar Klos, Heiner Möllers, Dieter Stockfisch The military services S. 127-162

„… establish points of main effort or to conduct long-range operations, consisted of artillery, antiaircraft …” „… streamlined. The infantry and armoured infantry forces have been strengthened in view of the lessons learned …” „… and Navy are the services that form the core of the armed forces that Germany maintains to perform …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845250120

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