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Making Auditors Effective

Mark Schelker

Series: Neue Studien zur Politischen Ökonomie

Volume 4 2008

Results in this title

Further Research S. 140-142

„… 140 Further Research There are of course further issues that need to be studied in future research …” „… characteristics on outcome variables and we identified instruments in our research on Swiss local auditing …” „… . Future research should make progress in identifying valid instruments. Especially in our first chapter …”

Summary S. 137-140

„… 137Summary and Further Research Questions Summary Public auditing institutions matter. And it …” „… likely to be endogenous to auditor performance and firm specific factors. Therefore, empirical research …” „… findings and make alternative policy propositions. Additional research is required to determine whether …”

Alternative approaches S. 34-36

„… is a non-partisan, independent research program housed within the Pew Center on the States.13 The …” „… efforts to rate government performance started in 1998 by reporters and researchers of the magazine …” „… The United States provide an excellent research laboratory, because individual States enjoy a …”

References S. 143-152

„… ):487-516 Antle, Rick (1984): Auditor Independence. Journal of Accounting Research 22 (1): 1-20 Arel …” „… Accounting Research 29 (1): 1-18 Baqir, Reza (2002): Districting and Government Overspending. Journal of …” „… Investigation of Retention and Rotation Requirements. Journal of Accounting Research 39 (1): 93-117 146 Dye …”

Swiss federal structures and institutions S. 85-87

„… some important institutional characteristics that make them well suited for empirical research for at …” „… empirical research.36 Of course, cross-country research often features much more institutional variation …” „… research analyzing Swiss data must take the varying extent of decentralization across Cantons into account …”

‘Quantifying’ auditor influence S. 84-85

„… important institutional characteristics that make them well suited for empirical research for at least two …” „… empirical research.36 Of course, cross-country research often features much more institutional variation …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… invited me to the Institute for Quantitative Social Science (IQSS), formerly the Center for Basic Research …” „… Summary and Further Research Questions..............................................................137 …” „… ...................................................................................................................137 Further Research …”

Empirical strategy S. 92-94

„… institutions. Cross-country research has established using cultural, geographic, and historical variables such …” „… Robinson 2001, Acemoglu and Johnson 2005). In US crossstate research topographical features such as natural …”

US state auditing institutions S. 36-38

„… States provide an excellent research laboratory, because individual States enjoy a relatively high degree …” „… less variation and more common features, which constrains research. For example we cannot estimate the …”

Conceptual problems when analyzing official fiscal data S. 31-34

The two datasets S. 87-91

„… 87is important to note, that empirical research analyzing Swiss data must take the varying extent …” „… many other factors. However, as this ratio is one of the standard approaches for cross-country research …”

Empirical results S. 94-112

„… . Cross-country research has established using cultural, geographic, and historical variables such as language …” „… , Acemoglu and Johnson 2005). In US crossstate research topographical features such as natural boundaries …” „… aware of empirical research on town meetings that could help to clarify these issues. Cantonal direct …”

Discussion and implications S. 133-134

„… optimal tenure length for auditors and further research is required. Controlling for a quadratic …”

Basic strategy and causality S. 39-40

„… research is determining causality. This is no different in our study and poses some serious problems. In …”

Summary and Conclusion S. 61-64

„… causality. Therefore, we cannot draw definitive conclusions and further research is required. In order to …”

Agency problems, auditors, and transparency S. 22-24

„… of research connected to our question focuses on the impact of transparency on fiscal outcomes (e.g …”

Introduction S. 65-67

„… Research Workshop at Harvard University, seminar participants at the Universities of Bern and Fribourg as …”

Election S. 112-114

„… representation.49 49 For research analyzing electoral rules and …”

Empirical evidence S. 124-126

„… research in an experimental setting. They analyze four different treatments: (1) one that does not require …”

Strategic information transmission by ad-hoc experts and auditors S. 69-72

„… (1982) has initiated much research in this area (e.g. Krishna and Morgan 2001, Battaglini 2002 …”

Auditor independence S. 120-123

„… people are vulnerable to unconscious bias in favor of the appointing body. “Psychological research shows …”

Empirical evidence on auditor tenure and mandatory auditor rotation S. 129-133

„… . Unfortunately, we cannot precisely identify the optimal tenure length for auditors and further research is …”

Standard approach: fiscal variables S. 40-53

„… estimator against the pooled OLS estimator. One of the major issues in all empirical research is …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845208510

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Contentious Regions in the European Union: Nationalist Parties and the Coordination of European Policies in Federal Member States

Álvaro Morcillo Laiz

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Politik

Volume 170 2009

Results in this title

Research Design S. 48-53

„… of the variety of federal systems and regionalparty systems.Research DesignThis book incorporates two …” „… for a piece of research focused in a geographic area, in mycase the fifteen Western European EU member …” „… Rhineland-PalatinateSource: Author’s own elaboration51The discussion of my research design would remain incomplete without …”

Acknowledgements S. 5-10

„… forexchange with Peter Lynch. My academic home at the Berlin Social Science ResearchCenter (WZB) was the …” „… cohesion policy – as well as theregional cases from Germany, Italy, and Spain, stem from my PhD research …” „… Scharpf’s frameworkof actor-centred institutionalism. Most of the research discussed here was …”

Conclusions S. 159-180

„… research has determined that the interaction between a specific form of intergovernmental relations …” „… example. Further research onother member states is needed in order to establish whether low levels of …” „… theEuropean integration process has imposed a loss of power upon regions.In my research, regions within …”

Nationalist Parties and the Impact of Integration S. 43-48

„… their influence on federal systems and their policy outputs.A rich tradition of research on the concept …” „… researchers had ignored the problem of theleverage of national minorities in the federal system as a whole …” „… Cachafeiro 2002;Holzer and Schwegler 1998; Levy 1996; Tarchi 1998). Subsequently, researchers ofnationalist …”

European Audiovisual Policy and Regional Concerns S. 65-71

„… attention from media researchers (Collins 1994; Marti 2004; Theiler 2005; Wheeler 2004) than the …” „… research takes the European decision-making process as agiven and ignores regional attempts to obtain a …” „… in Belgian or in German federalism haveundertaken research on the Television Without Frontiers …”

Regional Cases S. 53-64

„… in my research. The EU’s influence over cultural, educational or linguisticpolicy is very limited …” „… research design discussedabove, i.e. the reader will find no information on Valencia’s economic structure …” „… areas relevant to my research, specificallyEuropean affairs and media, which are the responsibility of …”

The Impact of the European Union on Regions S. 25-28

„… territory in nation-states (Keating 1985 a, 2000; Nitschke 1999). Further, a third group of researchers …” „… effects such as cohesion or research policy (Grote1993; Hooghe 1996; Leonardi 1993).A clarification of the …” „… health, pollution), andturned the EC into a source of funding for regions (cohesion and research policies …”

References S. 181-204

„… ). "Institutions, Inertia and European Union Research Policy." Journal ofCommon Market Studies 40(1): 1-21.Barca …” „… Federalismo XXII(3-4): 419-446.Becker, Howard S. (1998). Tricks of the Trade. How to Think about Your Research …” „… : Implementation Research and Policy Decisions." Political Science Quarterly 94(4): 601-616.Engel, Christian (1998 …”

Coordination Mechanisms in Six Member States S. 29-43

„… , these two variables, whichform the core of my research, are not “uninspected premises” (Becker 1998: 7 …” „… . These conceptual choices and their implications for the scope of my research, together with the …” „… section three, I will explain themethods behind my research design, case selection, and selection of …”

Federalism in EU Member States S. 15-25

„… furtherconsidered them in my research. Azores and Madeira possess elected parliaments, but their executives are …” „… , a third group of researchers studied regionalism from the point of view of economic policy, economic …” „… necessarily the most well-researched, was the right toparticipate in the meetings of the Council of the …”

Index S. 205-210

„… research policy 26, 175, 176sector conferences– and cooperation 31– Germany 35– Germany, and audiovisual …”

Regional Associations S. 139-144

„… theabundance of research, the vital question of whether regions ultimately shape cohesionpolicy remains …”

Public Broadcasting and Film Promotion S. 84-92

„… orientationsdo not correspond with the assumption in policy research that actors are capable ofunderstanding the …”

Italy S. 122-129

„… cleavage and of nationalist parties mustbe carefully considered. Despite the shortage of research on this …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845220932

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The Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI) 1981-2005

Florian Pressler

Series: Historische Grundlagen der Moderne

Volume 7 2012

Results in this title

Research Question S. 19-23

„… Research QuestionThis study is situated on the crossroads in several respects. The book deals …” „… , its main research question deals with the rationale for continuingand extending the CBI after the end …” „… . 141.15 Ibid., pp. 136–138.20 Research QuestionThis book explicitly rejects Viera-Tirado’s hypothesis and …”

Primary Sources Review S. 29-31

„… trail is clearly visible, it is far from complete.Occasionally, pieces are missing and the researcher …” „… California and obtained access to a bulk of documentspreviously closed to the research community. Additional …” „… research interview many yearslater.The third category of sources is the largest one as it encompasses …”

Secondary Literature Review S. 24-28

„… benefits and deceptions causedby the programme in Jamaica than as objective research. Though they give …” „… scholarly journals.48 Yet the bulk of this literature consists ofcontemporary research on the CBI by …” „… and the ratification of DR-CAFTA mark another blank spoton the map of research on US-Caribbean Basin …”

Bibliography S. 293-322

„… , ResearchID=171 (January 23, 2012)>.BOLLE, Mary Jane, U.S.-Jordan Free Trade Agreement (= CRS Report for …” „… , 1989, research/pdfs/nsd/nsd8.pdf (September 16, 2008)>.296 …” „… Bush,research/public_papers.php (September 25, 2008)>.BUSH, George W., Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… recommendation he wrote for allmy research trips and scholarship applications. He oversaw the project form …” „… working on it – and it will ever be.Prof. Dr. Philipp Gassert supported me and my research – even in …” „… Research Question ...................................................................... 19Secondary …”

A Structural Perspective on the Failure to Pass Parity S. 227-241

„… , ResearchID=171 (January 23, 2012)>.228 3. The CBI during the 1990sthat pertain to the agreement and …” „… , ResearchID=339 (January 23, 2012)>.781 CARICOM, Report on the Working Group of Experts on Strategy for …” „… Nation”,Heritage Lecture, No. 710, July 3, 2001, research/lecture/a-time-tochoose (January …”

The CBI in International Negotiations S. 81-89

„… was provided by the Congressional Research Servicein a compilation of documents and articles …” „… . CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE, CaribbeanBasin Initiative, Order Code: IP0190C, undated …” „… Implications. Research paper prepared for theCaribbean Development Bank, July 1984, p. 1, William Demas Files …”

US Industrial and Labour Groups’ Opposition against the CBERA S. 97-104

„… Department of Economic Research stated that the freetrade and tax incentive provisions of the CBI in …” „… the AFL-CIO Department of Economic Research at aSenate hearing, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS …”

The US Position in the World Economy and the End of Tradeoffs S. 156-163

„… ,research/pdfs/national_security_strategy_90.pdf (January 15, 2012)>,p. 1. The same theme is touched by Alexander Haig who, however, also …” „… , research/pdfs/national_security_strategy_90.pdf (January 15, 2012)>, p. 21.531 RICHARDSON, U.S. Trade Policy, p. 629.532 KENNEDY, Paul, The …”

The Special Access Programme for the Caribbean Basin S. 176-185

„… Peripheralization of the Commonwealth Caribbean”, unpublished research paper, 1993, William Demas Papers, Box 35 …” „… ”, unpublished research paper, 1993, William Demas Papers, Box 35, Folder 7,UWI, St. Augustine.184 3. The CBI …”

The Development Record S. 131-140

„… and Implications”, research paper prepared for the Caribbean Development Bank, July 1984, William …” „… six months in the Eastern Caribbean doing research with a Fulbright scholarship on the impact of the …”

The DR-CAFTA Provisions S. 278-281

„… American Report, pp. 67–70.982 According to the Congressional Research Service, the DR-CAFTA ratification …”

Operation Bootstrap S. 47-50

„… Persistent Model for Third World Development”, in: Peace Research Abstracts, Vol. 38,No. 4, 2001, pp …”

The Ratification of DR-CAFTA in the US Congress S. 281-285

„… According to the Congressional Research Service, the DR-CAFTA ratification was “the most controversial trade …”

The Political Record S. 140-145

„… thatI have spent the last six months in the Eastern Caribbean doing research with a Fulbright …”

Import-Substituting Industrialisation (ISI) and Industrialisation by Invitation S. 42-47

„… Development”, in: Peace Research Abstracts, Vol. 38,No. 4, 2001, pp. 451–600.98 This point is made by PANTOJAS …”

Intra-Regional Integration as an Alternative to the CBI? S. 241-249

„… out in his considerations. This might be due tothe fact that Viera-Tirado’s research question (why is …”

The Negotiating Process S. 270-278

„… Research Review, Vol. 41, No. 3, 2006, pp. 210–221, p. 217.4.3. The Dominican Republic-Central American …”

The Caribbean Basin on America’s Foreign Policy Agenda after the End of the Cold War S. 146-156

„… is laid down. BUSH, George, NSD 8, May 1, 1989, research/pdfs/nsd/nsd8 …”

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Decentralization in Ecuador

Jonas Frank

2007

Results in this title

Research Methods S. 35

„… decentralization may take. For the focus of my research, it would not make sense to consider all of these possible …” „… ). Narrowing the focus of decentralization will strengthen my argument and analysis.Research MethodsThis …” „… research is based on qualitative as well as quantitative methods. Through these two methods, I “triangulate …”

Bibliography S. 303-327

„… Bureau of Economic Research.Alexander, Gerard. 2001. “Institutions, Path Dependence, And Democratic …” „… Mestizaje,” Latin American Research Review 35:119-137.Becker, Alfredo, and Leonardo Suárez. 1992. Guayaquil …” „… Reform,” European Journal of Political Research 39:179-202.Coase, Ronald. 1960. “The Problem of Social …”

Determinism S. 59-63

„… . DeterminismWhile many researchers take the move towards decentralization for granted, others observe the “universal …” „… : ColombiaType 2: Brasil, ArgentinaSource: (Frank 2003a).With this research I endeavored to expand on the current …” „… research. Some authors – e.g., (Campbell, Peterson and Brakarz 1991, p.92; Dillinger 1995; Haggard 1999, p …”

Public Choice S. 39-44

„… arguments appear intertwined. Future research must assess this in order for the schools presented here to …” „… public sector, on fi scal decisions or service delivery, I will discuss research that has been conducted …” „… , future research could contribute to the understanding of decentralization by considering electoral …”

Conclusion S. 63-65

„… decentralization once it has started. Research on the incentives that emanate from political decentralization and …” „… path traveled by reformers. I will emphasize actors and stakeholders as the focus of my research …” „… latter is not a fully developed or consolidated body of research, it provides the elements necessary to …”

Structure S. 36-38

„… were most useful for my research purposes. The archives of the Consorcio de Consejos Provinciales del …” „… have strived for accuracy, the conclusions that I present here can change as new historical research or …”

Actors, Institutions, and Incentives for Decentralization: Experiencing Real-Life Games S. 31-33

„… country in motion. I went to Bolivia as a Research Assistant for the German Friedrich Ebert Foundation to …” „… today, this situation has changed little.At this time, my idea of conducting systematic research on the …”

Collective- Choice Level S. 76-99

„… decentralization.Unfortunately most, though not all, research on decentralization makes no distinction between different decision …” „… 1999; Shah 1998, p.17). For implementation research with regard to decentralization projects, refer to …” „… .486; Zintl 1993, p.180; Scharpf 1997, p.137). Earlier research on structure of actors in the policy …”

Conclusion S. 233-237

„… , however, research suffered from lack of more detailed data on intergovernmental fi nance. One reason is …”

The “How” of Decentralization S. 104-108

„… research is quite different. I will focus attention on several arenas of decision-making. Decentralization …”

The “Why” and the “How” of Decentralization S. 27-30

„… countries (“Linea de Referencia,” CONAM-GTZ 2003). But what I learned in that earlier research was the “how …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… ...................................................................... 34Research Methods …”

Social and Cultural Theories S. 55-59

„… for decentralization.1.5. DeterminismWhile many researchers take the move towards decentralization for …”

The Explanatory Framework and its Principal Elements S. 65-72

„… fully developed or consolidated body of research, it provides the elements necessary to capture the …”

Crisis Theories S. 44-51

„… (Peñas and Peñas 2001) for empirical research conducted in Spain. That differences in regional GDP have …”

The Return to the Previous Regional Equilibrium: 1948-1963 S. 127-135

„… (one of the outstanding Ecuadorian researchers on the regional confl ict) explains well what I mean …”

The Sub-game and Equilibrium among Municipalities and Provincial Councils S. 237-248

„… , however, research suffered from lack of more detailed data on intergovernmental fi nance. One reason is …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845203904

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U.S. Idealism Meets Reality

Zoé Nautré

Series: DGAP-Schriften zur Internationalen Politik

Volume 2010

Results in this title

Research Question S. 11-12

„… ,?based?on?the?assumption?that?the?former?would?be?in?the?long-term?interest?of ?the?U.?S.?Related?to?this?core? research?question,? several?other?questions?will?be?considered …” „… 11IntroductionResearch …” „… ? are?not?yet?accessible?and?that?the?available?information?is?to?a?large?extent?incomplete.?In?essence,?this?research …”

Methodology S. 17-19

„… ? indicate?the?general?funding?trend?in?U.?S.?policy?towards?the?Middle?East?since?9/11.Research?is?also?based?on?two?rounds?of …” „… ? in?the?Middle?East,?and?those?listed?in?documents?provided?by?the?Congressional?Research?Services,?complement?these?numbers.?Overall,?the?figures?have?been?used? in?an?attempt?to …” „… ?interviews?took?place?during?a?research?visit?at?the?Centre?for?Contemporary?Arab?Studies?at?Georgetown?University?from?September?2007?until?March?2008?and?the?second?round …”

Appendices S. 193-198

„… ,? Georgetown?University,?(January?15,?2008,?Washington?D.C.).Steven?Brooke,?Research?Associate,?The?Nixon?Center,?(October?5,?2007 …” „… ? DAI? and?USAID,?former?research …” „… Jeremy?Sharp,?Specialist?in?Middle?Eastern?Affairs,?Congressional?Research?Service,?(October?15,?2007 …”

Structure S. 20-22

„… ?the?research?process.?The?secondary?literature,?as? well? as? the? official? documents,? was? simply? not? sufficient? to? understand? the …” „… ?State,?USAID?and?the?Pentagon.?Second,?the?researcher?has?to?have?in?mind?that?interviewees?have?their?own?agendas? in?discussing …” „… ? issues?related?to?democracy?promotion.?Third,?personal?interest?in?subjects?such?as?democracy?promotion?as?suggested?in?the?conceptual?framework?is?difficult?to?quantify?in?a?meaningful?and?coherent?analytical?way.?Lastly,?the?researcher …”

Bibliography S. 199-216

„… .?Free?Trade?Agreement.?CRS?Report?for?Congress.?Washington,?D.C.:?Congressional?Research?Service.Albright,?Madeleine?K.?and?Steven?A.?Cook?(2005)?In?Support?of ?Arab?Democracy:?Why?and?How?(June?2005 …” „… )?Middle?East?Free?Trade?Area:?Progress?Report.?CRS?Report?for?Congress.?Washington,?D.C.:?Congressional?Research?Service.Brown,?Nathan?J.,?Amr?Hamzawy?and?Marina?Ottaway?(2006 …” „… )?The?USA?PATRIOT?Act:?A?Sketch.?Congressional?Research?Service? (April? 18,?2002).Dunne,?Michele?(2004 …”

Introduction S. 11

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Research Question …” „… ?this?administration?and?the?challenges?it?faced.?In?sum,?this?is?an?effort?to?contribute?to?a?more?nuanced?policy?analysis?and?to?reflect?critically?about?how?external?actors?can?best?support?domestic?reform?efforts?in?an?attempt?to?promote?reforms?in?the?Arab?world.Research?on?this?issue?would?not?have?been?possible?without?the?input?of ?lots?of …” „… ? to?Gerda?Axer-Dämmer?for?supporting?my?at?times?eccentric?ideas?on?how?to?best?research …”

Supporting evidence for democracy promotion S. 84-87

„… ?The?report?is?known?to?have?had?a?significant?impact?on?U.?S.?foreign?assistance?debates.?As?put?forward?by?the?Congressional?Research?Service,?later?initiatives,?such?as?the?G8?Broader?Middl …” „… ? Jeremy?Sharp,?“The?Broader?Middle?East?and?North?Africa?Initiative:?An?Overview,”?Congressional?Research?Service,?February?2002.2010_Diss_Nautre_Buch.indb 84 06.09.2010 15:33:05 UhrChapter 3: The development of the …” „… ? Islamist?Dilemma,”?Congressional?Research?Service,? 2005;?Thomas?Carothers,?Marina?2010_Diss_Nautre_Buch.indb 86 06.09.2010 15:33:11 UhrChapter …”

Middle East Free Trade Area (MEFTA) S. 96-97

„… ? Mary?Jane?Bolle,?“Middle?East?Free?Trade?Area:?progress?report,”?Congressional?Research?Service?(CRS),?Reports?and?Issue?Briefs,?January?2006.27? “President?Bush?Presses? for?Peace? in? the?Middle?East,”?Remarks?by? the?President …” „… ? Mary?Jane?Bolle?“Middle?East?Free?Trade?Area:?progress?report,”?Congressional?Research?Service?(CRS),?Reports?and?Issue?Briefs,?January?2006,?1.2010_Diss_Nautre_Buch.indb 96 06.09.2010 15:33:38 UhrChapter 4: The new foreign policy …”

Democracy promotion as a means to fight the root causes of terrorism S. 150-152

„… Current?developments?make?radicalism?potentially?even?more?likely?among?Moroccans:31? Carol?Migdalovitz,?Morocco:?Current?issues,?Congressional?Research …” „… ?the?ability?to?control?things?were?shocked?by?the?terrorist?attacks”,?Interview?with?U.?S.?government?official?at?the?U.?S.?embassy,?Rabat,?Morocco,?May?2008?and?Carol?Migdalovitz,?Morocco:?Current?issues,?Congressional?Research …”

Democracy as a means to an end S. 82-84

U. S. exceptionalism S. 23-34

„… ?provide?useful?insights?that?have?been?included?in?this?study?here.?Jeremy?Sharp?at?the?Congressional?Research?Service?(CRS)?offers?extensive?analysis?of ?the?policies?implemented?post?9/11 …” „… ?democracy?promotion?in?the?Middle?East?during?George?W.?Bush?has?received?particular?attention?from?research?and?policy?advising?institutes?in?the?U.?S.?The?works?of ?several?research …” „… ?these?three?guiding?concepts?for?current?and?future?U.?S.?democracy?promotion?in?the?Middle?East.The?first?defining?factor?or?guiding?concept?in?the?suggested?research?framework?here?is?idealism?and?assumptions?in?U.?S.?foreign?policy.?It?is?important?to?highlight?its?importance?because?values? and?expectations?play? an? important …”

Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI) S. 94-96

A fundamental change? S. 13-16

„… .?Some?argue?there?was?no?change?at?all,?whereas?others?see?a?short?momentum?of ?change.?However,?this?research …” „… changeResearch?shows?that?despite?the?aforementioned?arguments,?U.?S.?foreign?policy?perceptions?of ?the?region?fundamentally?changed?between?2002?and?2008 …”

Diplomatic pressure S. 100-101

„… ?democracy?promotion,?those?interviewed?for?this?research …”

At the periphery of U. S. interests S. 111-112

„… ?the?bilateral?assistance?to?the?region.?Jeremy?M.?Sharp,?“U.?S.?Foreign?Assistance?to?the?Middle?East:?Historical?Background,?recent?trends?and?the?FY?2006?Request,”?Congressional?Research?Service,?June?13,?2005.2 …”

Contested development theories S. 113-114

„… ? Raymond?J.?Ahearn,?“Morocco-U.?S.?Free?Trade?Agreement,”?Congressional?Research?Service,?May?2005.8? Interviews?U.?S.?non-government?democracy?promoters? in?Rabat,?Morocco,?April–May?2008 …”

Implementation of new rationale S. 114-115

Support for NGOs S. 99-100

„… ?democracy?promotion,?those?interviewed?for?this?research …”

The way foreign policy was conducted S. 76-77

„… ?the?United?States?against?the?continuing?threat?posed?by?Iraq’.?In?Charles?Doyle,?“The?USA?PATRIOT?Act:?A?Sketch,”?Congressional?Research?Service,?April?18,?2002;?107th?Congress,?1st?Session,?H.?R.?2888,?2001 …”

Support for NGOs S. 106-108

„… ?Analysts?interviewed?for?this?research?noted?that?U.?S.?government?officials?seemed?to?have?gone?through?a?learning?curve?and?moved?away?from?the?fixed?idea?of …”

Legitimacy of the King S. 123-125

„… : Current issues,?Congressional?Research?Service,?January?11,?2005,?3.45 …”

NGOs and structural challenges S. 45-47

„… theoriesHow?to?define?democracy?and?how?democratic?transitions?take?place?is?open?for?debate.?Researchers?have?attempted?to?sketch?explanatory?models?for?democratic?transitioning,?which?could?be?applicable?to?different?countries.?Development?theories?range–amongst?others–from?pre-requisites?necessary?for?democracy,?including?a?certain?level?of …”

Lack of definition S. 47-49

Monopoly over the reform discourse S. 125-127

„… : Current issues,?Congressional?Research?Service,?January?11,?2005,?3.45 …”

Expectations of the role of outsiders S. 158-160

A fundamental change? S. 183-185

„… change?The?introduction?offered?three?possible?answers?to?the?core?multifaceted?research?question:?did?a?change?occur? in?U.?S.?policies? towards?the?Middle?East?and? if ?so,?how?was?this? change? implemented?? This …”

Pre-requisites for democracy? S. 160-172

„… ?democracy?in?Arab?world,?is?a?complicated?one.?First,?researchers?have?found?that?ethnic?heterogeneity,?prevalent?in?many?Arab?countries,?is?not?a?sufficient?condition?to?explain?the?absence?of ?democracy.61?Second,?there?is?no?link?between?Islam?and?the?incompatibility?of …” „… ally?count.?Moreover,?certain?Arab?governments?allegedly?allow?exactly?enough?opposition?forces?into?an?electoral?process?so?as?to?silence?and?appease?external?observers.65In?addition,?researchers?have?studied?‘electoral?engineering’?in?the?Arab?world?and?found?that …”

Retaliation S. 74-76

Democracy promotion as a means to fight the root causes of terrorism S. 36-41

„… ?Viewed?on?a?global?scale,?researchers?have?found?that?there?is?almost?no?correlation?between?poverty,?the?level?of ?democratic?governance?and?the?potential?for?terrorism.?A?variety?of …”

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