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Boundaries and Belonging in the Greek Community of Georgia

Concha Maria Höfler

Series: Border Studies. Cultures, Spaces, Orders

Volume 2 2020

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Introduction S. 19-26

„… Georgian national system of romanization. 20 A. Introducing the Greek community of Georgia: A note on …” „… relevancies of their lifeworlds.7 B. Research on Georgia’s Greek community To date, very little scholarship …” „… ; Melikishvili / Jalabadze, 2016; Pashaeva, 1992) and a number of anthologies listing members of Georgia’s Greek …”

Discussion S. 277-288

„… Georgia’s Greek community has now been analyzed with focus on positioning through Language, post-Soviet …” „… “Europe”. “Here” in most contexts refers to a specific region in Georgia, the Georgian nation state or the …” „… Greek community along Georgia’s Black Sea coast, this is in many cases the (personal or family …”

(Un)Making boundaries S. 209-276

„… in Georgia’s Greek community. This exploration posed a number of analytical tasks for the remainder …” „… Georgia’s Greek population with challenges to their core identification: the discourses linking national …” „… communicative networks existing between those members of Georgia’s Greek community who emigrated and those who …”

Transformations: The end of the Soviet Union as a turning point S. 173-208

„… very personal level, the massive emigration of members of Georgia’s Greek community fundamentally …” „… presents members of Georgia’s Greek community with the most pressing and current challenges to their …” „… belonging to Georgia asGeorgian Citizens. This is not to say that the “ancestor story” of “how the Greeks …”

Historical background S. 27-46

„… Georgian nation.27 This was also visible in its immediate instatement as official language in Georgia’s …” „… of Georgia’s Greek community today. This allows us to specify which of the four main migratory …” „… that Georgia’s Armenian, Azerbaijani and Russian minorities would choose education in their native …”

Appendix A: Sociolinguistic metadata S. 291-294

„… migration education AC 79 rural (Western Georgia) male Pontic yes Russian, Georgian, SMG yes secondary …” „… , Georgian, little SMG no university DA 55 rural (Western Georgia) male Pontic yes Russian, Georgian no DG …” „… , Armenian no vocational training EV 19 rural (Western Georgia) female Pontic yes Russian, Georgian, some …”

Bibliography S. 295-313

„… the Soviet Union. Dordrecht/Boston/London: Kluwer. Gugushvili, Dimitri (2017): Lessons from Georgia’s …” „… . Hewitt, George (1989): Aspects of languge planning in Georgia (Georgian and Abkhaz). In Kirkwood,Michael …” „… as a feature of belonging in Georgia’s Greek community. In Guirat, Mounir, ed., Politics and Poetics …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-18

„… consultants on Georgia’s Greek community as well as my first guides to Georgia, and I am immensely grateful …” „… . Research on Georgia’s Greek community 22 C. Research questions 24 D. Outline of the book 25 Chapter 2 …” „… . “Georgia for Georgians”: The dissolution of the “Family of Nations” 196 II. “Staying behind”: Coming to …”

“Language” as a resource for positioning S. 93-172

„… varieties spoken in Georgia’s Greek community that can be analyzed as heritage varieties. One of them is …” „… language” of Greeks but has no proven history as a longterm family language in Georgia’s Greek community.4 …” „… Georgia’s rural areas. Table 5.2 shows responses, from consultants who are competent in their respective …”

Data collection and analysis S. 79-92

„… community in question. As mentioned before, the members of Georgia’s Greek community speak a large variety …” „… Georgia’s independence; – Whether there had been any discrimination on ethnic grounds during the Soviet …” „… , which helped balance my insecurities in Russian and especially in Georgian. – Having grown up in Georgia …”

Conclusion S. 289-290

„… (un)making in Georgia’s Greek community by analyzing how my 49 consultants interactively position themselves …” „… Belonging to Georgia in conceptualizations of Rootedness based on the time Georgian Greeks have lived on …” „… research on the severely understudied Greek community in Georgia. This account complements historical and …”

Researching identification, belonging, and the (un)making of boundaries S. 47-78

„… , ancestral, linguistic, and boundaries relating to everyday practices all play a role for Georgia’s Greek …” „… to joint action can be observed, for instance, in the rather slow movement in post-Soviet Georgia …” „… ”, which could contextually refer to the inhabitants of a certain village, of Georgia, or of the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845290508

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OSCE Yearbook 2010

Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg / IFSH (ed.)

2011

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Silvia Stöber The Failure of the OSCE Mission to Georgia – What Remains? S. 203-221

„… 8 Cf., e.g. Roy Reeve, The OSCE Mission to Georgia and the Georgian-Ossetian conflict: An overview …” „… Georgia, Spot report: Latest developments in the zone of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict, 4 August 2008 …” „… 2008 (http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/07/world/europe/07georgia.html) questioned the Georgian …”

Natalie Sabanadze States and Minorities in the South Caucasus: A Test Case for the Bolzano/Bozen Recommendations on National Minorities in Inter-State Relations S. 291-301

„… Relations (forthcoming). 292 on Georgia’s Armenian-populated Samtskhe-Javakheti and Azeri-populated Kvemo …” „… responsibilities both at home and abroad. This is likely to undermine the cause of minority protection. Georgia’s …” „… foreign policy objectives. It can be argued that Russia directly challenged Georgia’s “sovereignty as …”

Kurt P. Tudyka The Greek OSCE Chairmanship 2009 S. 327-337

„… five months after the Five-Day War between Russia and Georgia in August 2008, and against the …” „… “practical results” in dialogue on Nagorno-Karabakh, the future of the OSCE presence in Georgia, creating …” „… represented in parliament. Her next visit to a country with an OSCE mission was to Georgia on 23 March. In …”

Wolfgang Zellner The 2010 OSCE Astana Summit: An Initial Assessment S. 19-31

„… the sections concerning the unresolved conflicts, particularly Georgia and Moldova – before this 26 …” „… USA, Georgia, and Moldova. One speculation was that the USA was seeking to achieve very strict …” „… , as in 2008, the explosiveness of the unresolved conflicts, particularly in Georgia, has been …”

Alice Ackermann, Herbert Salber The OSCE “Corfu Process” – A Preliminary View of the Security Dialogue on Early Warning, Conflict Prevention and Resolution, Crisis Management, and Post-Conflict Rehabilitation S. 193-203

„… only between the South Ossetians and the Georgians, but also between Georgia and Russia. Following a …” „… the OSCE Mission to Georgia – What Remains? Introduction On 30 June 2009, the final few staff …” „… members of the OSCE Mission to Georgia officially concluded their work.1 It was the end of a mission that …”

Marcel Peško The Corfu Process – Opportunity to Establish a New Security Order in Europe or Recipe for Yet Another Failure? S. 61-75

„… Georgia. Following the colour revolutions in Ukraine and Georgia, Russia’s criticism turned into …” „… ”.2 This is, however, what Moscow will by all means try to prevent. The war in Georgia, which …” „… in Georgia, disclosed where this thinking came from. The proposed European Security Treaty (EST) was …”

Stanislav Raščan Slovenia and the OSCE S. 179-192

„… dealt with inherited frozen conflicts (Kosovo, Nagorno-Karabakh, Georgia-South Ossetia, Transdniestria …” „… conflicts in the Republic of Moldova, in Georgia, and over Nagorno-Karabakh. The EU believes that these …” „… Slovenian EU Presidency, both sides involved in the conflict in the South Ossetia region of Georgia …”

Frank Evers Damaged Prospects/Damaged Dialogue in Ukraine and Crimea: The Current Situation in Ukraine and Future Co-operation with the OSCE S. 221-245

„… that these countries [Ukraine and Georgia] will become members of NATO.”6) However, neither in Kyiv …” „… media speculation, following the events in Georgia in 2008, at a potential crisis in Crimea, the …” „… dissolution of Ukraine, as there was up to the mid-1990s. Effects of the Georgia Crisis The 2008 Georgia …”

Murat Laumulin Kazakhstan’s OSCE Chairmanship: History and Challenges S. 313-327

„… initiated by Moscow and signed by all CIS states except for Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Turkmenistan was …” „… the recognition of Kosovo’s independence, the war between Georgia and Russia over South Ossetia, and …” „… after the Five-Day War between Russia and Georgia in August 2008, and against the background of the …”

Abbreviations S. 419-425

„… GNI Gross national income 421 GSG Global Strategy Group GUAM Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova …” „… UNOMIG United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia UNSC United Nations Security Council UNSCR United …” „… GYLA Georgian Young Lawyers Association HCNM High Commissioner on National Minorities HDIM Human …”

Ursel Schlichting Preface S. 13-18

„… effective the now closed OSCE Mission to Georgia was and was allowed to be. Frank Evers focuses on the …” „… conflicts”. The irreconcilable positions of Russia and the USA and Russia and Georgia with regard to …”

OSCE Selected Bibliography 2009/2010 S. 403-419

„… , Heidelberg 2010, pp. 569-592. Gogia, Giorgi, Georgia-South Ossetia: A Prelude to War. Did Economic …” „… Assistance: Georgia, FRIDE Project Report, Madrid 2010. Boonstra, Jos: The EU Strategy for Central Asia …” „… Assistance Strengthen Competing Spoilers in Georgian-South Ossetian Conflict? in: Central Asia and the …”

Alice Ackermann, John Crosby, Joop de Haan, Erik Falkehed Developing an OSCE Mediation-Support Capacity: First Steps S. 369-376

„… based on aspects of the Moldovan-Transdniestrian, Georgian-Abkhaz, and Georgian-South Ossetian …” „… security and humanitarian issues in the areas affected by the August 2008 conflict in Georgia. The OSCE is …” „… the protracted conflicts in Moldova, Georgia, and Nagorno-Karabakh were explored in depth, aimed to …”

Graeme P. Herd, Pál Dunay The European Security Treaty (EST): Collective Security or Collective Inaction? S. 45-61

„… June 2008 was eclipsed by the August conflict between Russia and Georgia. Rather than delegitimizing …” „… 7b43256999005bcbb3/ef1f3c48ad0e5959c325772d0041fa53? OpenDocument. 50 in between (Georgia, Ukraine …” „… by the Kosovo conflict of 1999 and the Russian-Georgia conflict of 2008) but would if only there was …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… Rehabilitation 197 Silvia Stöber The Failure of the OSCE Mission to Georgia – What Remains? 203 Frank Evers …”

Przemysław Grudzinski Contract 2015: A Conceptual Framework for Regional Security S. 75-85

„… enable us to work together to resolve conflicts from Georgia to Moldova (and Kosovo), not to mention …” „… Ukraine, Belarus, and Georgia a part of no durable security treaty and instead caught between duelling …”

Kanat Saudabayev Foreword by the Chairperson-in-Office S. 9-12

„… humanitarian issues following the August 2008 conflict in Georgia. A positive sign here was the resumption of …”

Andrei Zagorski The Astana Summit Has Left the OSCE in a State of Limbo S. 31-35

„… by a variety of participating States, including Ukraine, Moldova, and Georgia. Indeed, many …”

Rachel S. Salzman The Euro-Atlantic Security Initiative S. 85-91

„… Ukraine, Belarus, and Georgia a part of no durable security treaty and instead caught between duelling …”

Roland Bless Countering Terrorism while Protecting Freedom of the Media: A Crucial Balance for Governments S. 283-291

„… another state, namely Georgia. In Central Europe, the role of Hungary in supporting Hungarian minorities …”

Vladimir I. Voronkov The OSCE Summit and the European Security Treaty S. 35-45

„… Yugoslavia and 2008 in Georgia. In the first case, the allies carried out a military attack on an OSCE …” „… . As is well known, the fact of the Georgian attack on Tskhinvali that prompted Russia to act in …”

The 56 OSCE Participating States – Facts and Figures S. 381-399

„… ), Observer to the Barents Euro-Arctic Council, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. 386 18. Georgia Date …”

Jens-Hagen Eschenbächer, Bernhard Knoll Observing Elections in “Long-Standing Democracies”: Added Value or Waste of Money? S. 245-265

„… Presidential elections in the Russian Federation in 2003 and 2004, and its reporting on fraud in the Georgian …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845229584

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Contemporary Issues of Human Rights Protection in International and National Settings

Stefan Lorenzmeier (ed.), Vasilka Sancin (ed.)

2018

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Roman Petrov Human Rights in Association Agreements with Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia S. 215-234

„… significance of the AAs is a far-reaching monitoring of Ukraine’s, Moldova’s and Georgia’s efforts to …” „… Human Rights in Association Agreements with Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia* Roman Petrov Abstract …” „… , Moldova and Georgia. It argues that this new legal framework, which has the objective to establish a …”

Isabella Risini The Accession of the European Union to the ECHR and the Inter-State Application under Article 33 ECHR S. 179-192

„… , Georgia has lodged three applications against Russia, two of whom are still pending before the Court.11 …” „… Georgia v Russia (I) App no 13255/07 (3 July 2014) para 122 f; for further background C Amerasinghe, ‘The …” „… 3, 525. 11 In the Georgia v Russia, no 13255/07 (I) case, the Grand Chamber issued a judgment on the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-9

„… Georgia 215 Roman Petrov C. Human Rights Protection and International Law 235 Global Constitutionalism and …”

Stefan Lorenzmeier, Vasilka Sancin Introduction to Contemporary Issues of Human Rights in International, European and National Settings S. 11-24

„… with Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia, p. 215. Stefan Lorenzmeier & Vasilka Sancin 18 International Human …”

Daniel Engel The Future of the Bosphorus-Presumption after the EU’s Accession to the European Convention on Human Rights S. 133-152

„… der Menschenrechte. Liber Amicorum Wolfram Karl (facultas.wuv 2012) 186, 200. 44 Assanidze v Georgia …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845262284

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The Journals of the Moravian Mission to Georgia, 1734-1737

Achim Kopp (ed.), John Thomas Scott (ed.)

2023

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Appendix A “We Have Come to Georgia with Pure Intentions”: Moravian Bishop August Gottlieb Spangenberg’s Letters from Savannah, 1735 S. 215-254

doi.org/10.5771/9781611463576

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Democratization and Security in Central and Eastern Europe and the Post-Soviet States

David Bosold (ed.), Petr Drulák (ed.), Nik Hynek (ed.)

Series: DGAP-Schriften zur Internationalen Politik

Volume 2012

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George Khelashvili Ideologizing Democracy Promotion: Georgia’s Impact on Post-Soviet Regional Security S. 193-208

„… of Georgia’s democracy record in recent years, especially after the Georgian government’s massive …” „… enabled both Georgian as well as foreign politicians to portray Georgia’s tentative attempt at …” „… 193 Ideologizing Democracy Promotion: Georgia’s Impact on Post-Soviet Regional Security by George …”

Vsevolod Samokhalov Colored Revolutions in the wider Black Sea Region and the Geopoliticization of Democracy S. 125-148

„… Serbia, Georgia, and Ukraine. Two other sub-cases (democratization of the Georgian region of Adjaria …” „… it allowed Russia to increase its influence in a region or country. Georgia’s Rose Revolution: From …” „… legitimacy to the new Georgian leadership if “the future legitimately elected authorities in Georgia will …”

Maria Raquel Freire, Licínia Simão ENP and post-Soviet transition in the South Caucasus: Linking Democracy and Security S. 209-228

„… stance on issues related to Georgia’s internal conflicts have made the EU more active in conflict …” „… Ossetia in 2008 has jeopardized Georgia’s domestic achievements, eventually creating a situation of …” „… Economic Development in Georgia, in: Georgian Economic Quarterly 4/2004, pp. 101–116. 18 As noted in a …”

Dominik Tolksdorf The European Union’s Role in the Western Balkans and the South Caucasus: Potential Obstacles in its Support for Reform Processes S. 173-192

„… between Russia and Georgia after the armed conflict in August 2008 and deployed a monitoring mission to …” „… and in 2004 an EU rule-of-law Mission to Georgia (EUJUST Themis), the latter being designed to …” „… civilian monitoring mission (EUMM) to Georgia in October 2008. The short-term objectives of the mission …”

Petr Drulák Concluding Remarks: Are There any Lessons to Learn? S. 293-304

„… misplaced. Moreover, as George Khelashvilli argues, Georgia’s democracy, imperfect though it is, has …” „… the most explicit way as they look into the southern Caucasus countries of Georgia and Azerbaijan …” „… no tradition of civil participation such as Georgia or Azerbaijan leads to instability in the short …”

David Bosold, Christian Achrainer Democratization and Security in Central and Eastern Europe and the Post-Soviet States S. 9-22

„… rhetoric of democracy promotion—from within and outside Georgia—was mainly an ideological tool and not a …” „… (Nagorno-Karabakh) or Georgia (South Ossetia and Abkhazia) or parts of the Balkans. The sheer magnitude of …” „… Georgia Ukraine Autocracy A and/or regimes B-E Vertical Belarus Uzbekistan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… : Georgia’s Impact on Post-Soviet Regional Security . . . . . . . . . . . .193 by George …”

Nik Hynek, Vit Stritecky Defending Democracy and the Atlantic Community? Central Europe Encounters Missile Defense S. 55-76

„… . Additionally, the very timing of the conclusion of the agreement, i. e. after the Russia-Georgia conflict …” „… interpretation could thus be that Tusk strategically used the Russia-Georgia conflict to steer attention away …” „… discursively—linked the unexpected conclusion of the main agreement with the USA to Russia’s invasion of Georgia …”

Lucas Kello The Advantages of Latitude: Estonia’s post-Communist Success Story S. 23-54

„… geopolitical account of Georgia’s reform difficulties. 2011_NFC_Bosold_etal.indb 23 2.8.2011 17:35 …” „… or the free market; such has been the experience of some post-Communist countries, like Georgia …” „… bolstered by the Russian assault on Georgia in August 2008 (cf. Defence News, in: Estonian Review, October …”

Assel Rustemova Beyond Democratic Theory: Exploring Authoritarian Liberalisms in Central Asia S. 229-248

„… Georgia (see Khelashvili in the same volume) that has presented itself as a democratic regime, the …”

Hanna Vasilevich Authoritarianism versus Democracy in Belarus: Does National Identity Matter? S. 77-100

„… political system would lead to revolutions like in Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan or Georgia. Such changes were not …”

Svitlana A. Kobzar Passive versus Active Leverage: The European Union’s Impact on the Democratization of Ukraine S. 101-124

„… Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan …”

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OSCE Yearbook 2008

Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg / IFSH (ed.)

2009

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Elena Kropatcheva Russia’s Response to Georgia’s Military Operation in South Ossetia S. 45-62

„… thinks that the Western states have decided to support Georgia in the Georgian-South Ossetian conflict …” „… 45 Elena Kropatcheva Russia’s Response to Georgia’s Military Operation in South Ossetia1 …” „… ; why Russia did not prevent Georgia’s military operation and did not stop its own military operation …”

Hansjörg Eiff The OSCE Mission to Georgia and the Status of South Ossetia S. 35-44

„… Reeve, The OSCE Mission to Georgia and the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict: An overview of activities, in …” „… : the reintegration into the Georgian state, on the one hand, and independence from Georgia and union …” „… danger to Georgia’s internal stability. In Georgia, while the proposed resolution of the status …”

David Aprasidze State-Building and Democratization in Georgia: Have the Limits Been Reached? S. 63-74

„… ? Introduction The Russian-Georgian war in August 2008 changed the situation in and around Georgia …” „… reforms. The future development of the country depends on how effectively Georgia’s political elite can …” „… political situation in Georgia following the August war. Georgians are proud that their country has been …”

S. Neil MacFarlane Frozen Conflicts in the Former Soviet Union – The Case of Georgia/South Ossetia S. 23-34

„… 23 S. Neil MacFarlane Frozen Conflicts in the Former Soviet Union – The Case of Georgia/South …” „… reestablishment of Georgia’s control over its border in this region would either have stopped this revenue stream …” „… Georgia’s short war in South Ossetia. In 2004-2008, there was a gradual deterioration in the situation …”

Ursel Schlichting Foreword S. 13-22

„… community fail in the case of Georgia’s unresolved conflicts? Did it underestimate these conflicts …” „… Russian public. Georgia’s campaign in South Ossetia ultimately did the country no favours: The …” „… 13 Ursel Schlichting Foreword “Not Frozen but Red Hot: Conflict Resolution in Georgia …”

Michael Merlingen, Manuel Mireanu, Elena B. Stavrevska The Current State of European Security S. 91-120

„… Georgia’s attempt to retake South Ossetia by force. At the time of writing, remaining flashpoints are …” „… Georgia and South Ossetia overlaps with its own. This has led to the absurd situation in which Georgian …” „… United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG), Russia shot down at least one Georgian unmanned …”

P. Terrence Hopmann The Future Impact of the OSCE: Business as Usual or Revitalization? S. 75-90

„… meaningful to stop the escalation of violence once it was underway. Overlooking Georgia’s failure to fulfil …” „… conflicts on the Russian periphery in Nagorno-Karabakh, Moldova, and Georgia remained frozen, neither …” „… , management, and resolution field. This complacency was dramatically shaken with the war in Georgia that …”

OSCE Selected Bibliography 2007/2008 S. 411-426

„… . Nilsson, Niklas/Svante E. Cornell, Georgia’s May 2008 Parliamentary Elections: Setting Sail in a Storm …” „… (Helsinki Commission) holds Hearing: Russia, Georgia, and the Return of Power Politics, 10 September 2008 …” „… Georgia: Implications for the Euro-Atlantic Region, Silk Road Paper, Washington/Stockholm 2007. Cornell …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… in the Former Soviet Union – The Case of Georgia/South Ossetia 23 Hansjörg Eiff The OSCE Mission …” „… to Georgia and the Status of South Ossetia 35 Elena Kropatcheva Russia’s Response to Georgia’s …” „… – Affairs of State Focus on the Georgian-South Ossetian Conflict S. Neil MacFarlane Frozen Conflicts …”

Jan Kantorczyk, Walter Schweizer The OSCE Forum for Security Co-operation (FSC) – Stocktaking and Outlook S. 283-294

„… first term in 2009, followed by Georgia and the United Kingdom. The task of the Chair is to lead the …” „… significantly to encouraging this attitude. The armed conflict in Georgia in August 2008 has further diminished …” „… privately held small arms, have regularly failed. 292 Beyond that, the escalating situation in Georgia …”

Kurt P. Tudyka The Spanish OSCE Chairmanship 2007 S. 339-352

„… long-running conflicts in the OSCE area, including Moldova “on both shores of the Dniester”, Georgia, and …” „… conflicts in Moldova and Georgia and over Nagorno-Karabakh. The Chairman travelled to Azerbaijan and …” „… worsening of the disputes between Georgia and the Russian Federation and the constitutional crises in …”

OSCE Conferences, Meetings, and Events 2007/2008 S. 407-410

„… and Solutions, Vilnius 29 Oct.-2 Nov. HCNM visits Georgia 30-31 October Conference on land …” „… visits Georgia (Tbilisi and Sukhumi) 7-9 April SPMU-UNODC workshop on strengthening international legal …”

Abbreviations S. 427-432

„… Georgia EULEX European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo EUMM European Union Monitoring Mission FCO …” „… Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (former UNODCCP) UNOMIG United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia …”

Arnaud Amouroux The OSCE Media Freedom Representative Turns Ten: Current and Future Challenges to Press Freedom in the OSCE Region S. 331-338

„… Turkey and the three countries of the South Caucasus, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, particularly in …” „… (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cyprus, Estonia, Georgia, Moldova, Ukraine, and the United States) have …”

Julie Finley The United States View of the OSCE in 2007: Looking Back and Moving Forward on an Enduring Partnership S. 161-174

„… withdrawal of forces in Georgia and Moldova, worked to create the conditions that allowed the agreement on …” „… , and Georgia. The United States has taken an active part in these processes, giving continuing …” „… political and resource support to the work of the OSCE Mission to Georgia and its projects in South Ossetia …”

Kilian Strauss Economic and Environmental Security Should Remain Key Components of the OSCE’s Core Mandate S. 311-324

„… , Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo …” „… Georgia released, at: http://www.osce.org/eea/item_1_34596.html. 316 The Heart of the Matter – More …” „… Armenia and Azerbaijan) and Moldova (Transdniestria), as well as the two disputed Georgian territories of …”

Contributors S. 433-434

„… .), 1994-1995 Head of the OSCE Mission to Georgia, 1995-1998 Head of the German Mission to the OSCE in Vienna …”

Margit Hellwig-Bötte Kazakhstan’s OSCE Chairmanship – The Road to Europe? S. 175-190

„… states with the exception of Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, and Turkmenistan.7 It contains a list of …” „… and Georgia over South Ossetia has returned “frozen conflicts” – including Transdniestria and Nagorno …”

The 56 OSCE Participating States – Facts and Figures S. 389-406

„… to the Barents Euro-Arctic Council, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. 18. Georgia Date of …”

Gabriel Leonte, Saba Nordström Promotion of Security and Co-operation through Water Management Activities S. 295-310

„… , Azerbaijan, and Georgia to conduct cooperative monitoring of the Kura-Aras/Araks river basin. Monitoring …”

Frank Evers OSCE Co-operation with China: Relevance, Benefits, and Downsides S. 369-386

„… strata increased somewhat after the coloured revolutions in Ukraine, Georgia, and Kyrgyzstan, as …”

Alexander Stubb Preface by the Chairman-in-Office S. 9-12

„… we expect to witness such a drastic transformation in the European security landscape. The Georgian …” „… the area. The OSCE should remain active in working towards a feasible solution to the Georgian …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845213866

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The Democratization Disconnect

Brian K. Grodsky

2016

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8 Georgia’s Rose Revolution and the Affirmation of Democratic Legitimacy S. 157-180

„… 1578GEORGIA’S ROSE REVOLUTIONAND THE AFFIRMATION OFDEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACYWhen Serbia’s Slobodan …” „… precisely whatmade Shevardnadze’s rapid political demise during Georgia’s Rose Rev-olution so profound. This …” „… years laterin 1995. Georgia’s gross domestic product (GDP) was less than 20 per-cent of what it had been …”

Index S. 267-276

„… Serbia,141, 154National Movement. SeeUnited NationalMovement (Georgia)National Party (South Africa), 117 …” „… , 171, 172, 177Burjanadze-Democrats (Georgia), 165,171INDEX268Burke, Thomas, 48cahiers, 53, 54Carothers …” „… ; pro-constitutional revolts in, 22Churchill, Winston, 15Citizens’ Union of Georgia, 165Civic Alliance of Serbia, 140 …”

Bibliography S. 243-266

„… theNew Middle East. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota.Anable, David. 2006. “The Role of Georgia’s …” „… , Sandro. 2003. “‘If They Fail, No One Will Forgive’: Fragile Calm in Georgia.”Toronto Star, November 30, F …” „… , August 8.Fairbanks, Charles H. 2004. “Georgia’s Rose Revolution.” Journal of Democracy 15 (2):110–24 …”

Preface S. 2-x

„… End of Democracy’s Third Wave:Yugoslavia 1378 Georgia’s Rose Revolution and the Affirmation …” „… , Croatia, SouthAfrica, and Georgia who took the time to meet with me and share theirpersonal stories during …”

2 The Rise and Impact of Democratic Legitimacy S. 19-40

„… anddemocracy as an inseparable pair. From Georgia and Armenia in thesouth to Estonia and Finland in the north …” „… template was closely followed a few years later inGeorgia (2003), Ukraine (2004), and, at least to some …” „… , especially corruption.Subsequent “colored” revolutions were similar. In Georgia, whereprotesters involved in …”

9 The Arab Spring in Egypt S. 181-204

„… on the April 6 strike, as well.Among the most noteworthy was Kefaya, which like Georgia’s Kmara,means …” „… at Tahrir Square, Egypt’spro-democracy organizations (much like Serbia’s and Georgia’s …” „… , the outcomes were dubious. Earlier cases of dramatic dem-ocratic failure, such as in Georgia, were …”

10 Saving Democracy from the Threats of Democratic Legitimacy S. 205-226

„… , as did Serbia’s Otpor and thearray of organizations that helped bring about Georgia’s Rose …” „… in2000. Things were just as bad in Georgia, where citizens were leftwondering why their new democrats …” „… driven by a desire for muchmore. Regular Serbs and Georgians were after the same guarantees ofhuman …”

Notes S. 227-242

„… . Castle 2000.52. Otpor 2004.53. Cvekic 2007.8. GEORGIA’S ROSE REVOLUTIONAND THE AFFIRMATION OFDEMOCRATIC …”

1 The Roots of the Democratization Disconnect S. 1-18

„… fromPoland and South Africa to Yugoslavia and Georgia bear witness to thesolidifying notion of democratic …” „… things better in time for the upcoming elec-tions.Put more plainly: Why should Georgian President Mikheil …” „… : the Yugoslav movement (chapter 7) and the Georgian one (chap-ter 8). When the Arab Spring began, as …”

6 Crowning the Third Wave at the Bottom of Africa S. 117-136

„… and Georgia, Tunisia and Egypt, had anobscured view. From what they could glean, however, democracy …”

7 The Beginning of the End of Democracy’s Third Wave S. 137-156

„… around the globe.Many who caught the Otpor spirit, including in Georgia, Ukraine, andKyrgyzstan …”

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The Partisan Court

Ryan J. Rebe

2021

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Chapter 4: Georgia v. Ashcroft (2003) S. 23-30

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Surviving Cyberwar

Richard Stiennon

2010

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Chapter 11. GEORGIA: THE FIRST CYBERWAR S. 95-104

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The Water Recycling Revolution

William M. Alley, Rosemarie Alley

2022

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Chapter Seven Georgia and Virginia Have Water Reuse on Their Minds S. 75-86

„… separated by clays. In contrast, Georgia’s urban and industrial northern half relies mostly on surface water …” „… about saltwater intrusion. New permits to pump groundwater in Georgia’s coastal counties gener-ally …” „… the Apalachicola- Chattahoochee- Flint (ACF) River Basin. Georgia’s downstream neigh-bors, Alabama and …”

Index S. 219-230

„… (fat), 107Garcetti, Eric, 32, 34Georgia: Atlanta, 75–78, 82; Clayton County, 82; direct potable reuse …” „… ; Georgia, 76; laundry-to-landscape systems, 163; Redwood City controversy, 134–35; seasonal use of, 15, 29 …” „… ; Florida vs. Georgia, 77US Water Alliance, 86, 164vadose zone wells, 111, 113–14van Vuuren, Lucas, 124 van …”

Preface S. i-xvi

„… Georgia and Virginia Have Water Reuse on Their Minds 75 8 Florida: The Long Road from Purple Pipes to …” „… Texas. Others may come as a surprise, such as Georgia, Virginia, and a small mountain town in New Mexico …”

Notes S. 173-208

„… northeastern part of Georgia also includes Valley and Ridge and Appalachian Plateaus regions. 3. Georgia …” „… .org/cws/Documents/ Reuse_Feasibility_Analysis .pdf.188 Notes 4. Metropolitan North Georgia Water Planning District …” „… , “Supreme Court Hands Win to Georgia in State Water War (3),” Bloomberg Law, April 1, 2021, https://news …”

Selected Bibliography S. 209-218

„… , compilers. National Water Summary on Wetland Resources. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey, 1996.Georgia …” „… Environmental Protection Division. Reuse Feasibility Analysis, EPD Guidance Document. Atlanta: Georgia …”

Chapter Eight Florida The Long Road from Purple Pipes to Potable Reuse S. 87-102

„… aquifer underlies all of Florida, southern Georgia, and small parts of South Carolina and Alabama. It’s …”

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Academia, Administration, Digitalization and Sustainability

Rainer Lisowski (ed.), Lydia Scholz (ed.), Christiane Trüe (ed.)

2025

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Teona Grigolashvili Sustainable Economic Growth in Georgia and the Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism S. 115-126

„… Georgia 119Overview of Current Situation in GeorgiaAfter independence (1991), in the first stage of …” „… Teona Grigolashvili1 Sustainable Economic Growth in Georgia and the Monetary Policy Transmission …” „… twenty years, using mathematic models. In recent years, Georgia face different challenges there are a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… GrigolashviliSustainable Economic Growth in Georgia and the Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism 115Sergejs Stacenko …”

Rainer Lisowski, Lydia Scholz, Christiane Trüe Introduction: Change and transformation the EU way S. 11-18

„… way 15Georgia and mathematical modelling to explore the question of how monetary policy can …”

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OSCE Insights 2021

Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg (ed.)

2021

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Nino Kemoklidze In the Absence of Field Missions: The OSCE’s Engagement with Georgia’s Conflicts S. 161-172

„… Russian–Georgian war. Since then, the OSCE’sinvolvement in Georgia’s conflicts has continued mainly through the …” „… in Georgia–Abkhazia andGeorgia–South Ossetia dynamics respec-tively”.23 From Georgia’s perspective …” „… , Georgiaought to keep any expectations concern-ing conflict resolution relatively low.The OSCE and Georgia’s …”

Stefan Wolff, Stephanie Liechtenstein OSCE Engagement with China: Why and How? S. 27-38

„… Malyarenko, cited above (note 14).18 Giorgi Menabde, “Georgia’s Anakliadeep-water port faces a new …” „… ,https://jamestown.org/program/georgias-anaklia-deep-water-port-faces-a-new-challenge/; John C. K. Daly, “Russia’s dis-creet satisfaction over Georgia’s Anakliaport debacle”, Eurasia …” „… , andGeorgia) and Eastern Europe (Belarus,Moldova, and Ukraine) have a number offeatures in common that set …”

Cornelius Friesendorf Introduction to OSCE Insights 2021: Identifying Common Ground S. 7-12

„… areas,focusing on Georgia. Following the Geor-gian–Russian war in 2008, Russia forcedthe OSCE to close its field …” „… presence inGeorgia. Subsequent negotiation, medi-ation, and conflict prevention formatshave not managed to …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… Georgia’sConflicts 161Nino KemoklidzePluralistic Peace: New Perspectives for the OSCE? 173Matthias Dembinski and …”

Frank Evers, Argyro Kartsonaki The Future of the OSCE: Government Views S. 61-132

„… interven-tions in Georgia in 2008 and in Ukrainein 2014. US officials continue to call onRussia to implement its …” „… Moscow’sforces are also deployed in Moldova andGeorgia without host nation consent andthat Russia’s use of …” „… also welcomes the OSCE’sparticipation in the Geneva InternationalDiscussions involving Georgia …”

Fred Tanner The OSCE and Peacekeeping: Track Record and Outlook S. 51-60

„… deploying military units. Mil-itary observers have been sent to Moldova(since 1993) and to Georgia (2008 …” „… ), civil-ian border monitors were installed alongthe Georgian border with the RussianFederation (1999–2005 …”

Dmitri Makarov Another Chance for “Helsinki from Below”? Reviving OSCE-Related Human Rights Groups S. 147-160

„… 1985 http://helsinkicommittee.dkFrance: European Assembly ofCitizens 1990 http://www.aechca.fr/Georgia …” „… : Georgian HelsinkiCommittee* 1976–1977 157Name as of 2021Name at creation(if different)Year ofcreation …”

Gaetano Pentassuglia Effective Minority Participation as a Balancing Act: What Role for the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities? S. 133-146

„… States, Georgia,Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, for example,which have all relied on HCNM assis-tance in the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748911456

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OSCE Yearbook 2006

Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy at the University of Hamburg / IFSH (ed.)

2007

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Marietta S. König Not Frozen but Red Hot: Conflict Resolution in Georgia Following the Change of Government S. 84-95

„… transformation of political, social, and economic relations in Georgia. The Georgian-Abkhaz and Georgian-South …” „… heavily from the Abkhaz black market. In July 2006, Georgia launched an operation in the Georgian-Abkhaz …” „… their a priori recognition of Georgian territorial integrity, would act exclusively in Georgia’s …”

Ersan Bocutoglu, Gökhan Koçer Politico-Economic Conflicts in the Black Sea Region in the Post-Cold War Era S. 110-121

„… , Russia, Georgia, and Turkey), while the wider Black Sea region also encompasses Moldova, Armenia, and …” „… , Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Turkey. For the purpose of analysing politico-economic conflicts in the …” „… Federation; and the countries in the South Caucasus (Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan). The first group see …”

Vladimir Ryabtsev Why Is There No “Security Complex” in the Black Sea-Caucasus Region? S. 96-109

„… highly active in Georgia, both militarily and politically in Georgia. In general, Brussels is paying more …” „… region: Relations between Turkey, Georgia, and Azerbaijan have the form of a partnership (Azerbaijan and …” „… GUAM (Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Moldova). It is evident …”

Kurt P. Tudyka The Slovenian Chairmanship Has Steered the OSCE into Calm Waters – Is Land now in Sight? S. 18-33

„… and crisis areas in the South Caucasus (Nagorno- Karabakh, and South Ossetia and Abkhazia in Georgia …” „… Power Plant,4 a Statement on Georgia,5 and a Statement on the Conflict Dealt with by the OSCE Minsk …” „… 2005, pp. 2-3. 5 Ibid., Statement on Georgia, MC.DOC/4/05 of 6 December 2005, pp. 4-5. 6 Ibid …”

Abbreviations S. 474-479

„… for Technical Co-operation GUAM States Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova HCNM High Commissioner …” „… Georgia UNPROFOR United Nations Protection Force UNSC United Nations Security Council 480 UNSCR United …”

OSCE Selected Bibliography 2005/2006 S. 460-473

„… . 25-35. Reeve, Roy, The OSCE Mission to Georgia and the Georgian-Ossetian Conflict: An Overview of …” „… , Why Georgia Matters, Chaillot Paper 86, Paris 2006. Malloy, Tove H., National Minority Rights in …” „… Monitor 2/2006, pp. 184-189. Bloed, Arie, Russia and Georgia Disagree on Russian Peacekeepers, in …”

Tim Epkenhans The OSCE’s Dilemma in Central Asia S. 210-221

„… or lesser extent. The Orange Revolution in Ukraine, the Rose Revolution in Georgia, and the …” „… – were charged with supporting opposition movements in Ukraine, Georgia, and Kyrgyzstan. The …” „… Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova and Turkmenistan. A summary can be found in: Pál Dunay cited above (Note 1), pp …”

Maurizio Pavesi Activities of the OSCE Office in Baku: Moving Forward with a Common Aim S. 172-187

„… , and consulted participating heads of bar association from France, Georgia, Russia, Turkey, and …” „… other human rights organizations from Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia …” „… , Cameroon, Italy, Georgia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Turkey, and …”

Rexane Dehdashti-Rasmussen The Conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh: Causes, the Status of Negotiations, and Prospects S. 188-209

„… Georgian-South Ossetian and Georgian-Abkhaz conflicts shows that there is a great scope for practical …” „… conflict between Russia and Georgia and the ongoing closure of the only legal Russian-Georgian border …” „… the Abkhazians and South Ossetians in Georgia. Although these legal titles had so far generally been …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-9

„… . König Not Frozen but Red Hot: Conflict Resolution in Georgia Following the Change of Government 85 …”

Karl E. Wycoff Overview of the OSCE’s Work in Support of the Global Effort against Terrorism S. 330-341

„… phase workshops have been implemented with the governments of Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia …” „… Kyrgyzstan in April 2005, in Armenia and Georgia in May 2005, and in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan …”

Christian Möller A Unique Mandate. The OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media S. 374-387

„… 10 Albania, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Croatia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Italy …” „… ) France, 1 Georgia, 2 Greece, 2 Italy, 1 Kazakhstan, 4Uzbekistan, 4 Poland, 3 Slovakia, 1 Switzerland, 1 …”

Ursel Schlichting Foreword S. 14-17

„… status of the conflicts in Georgia. With respect to Transdniestria, the long-serving Head of the OSCE …”

Heinrich Schneider Long on Promise – Short on Impact: The OSCE Reform Initiative 2004-2005 and Its Results S. 34-57

„… OSCE area (Nagorno-Karabakh, Georgia’s problems with South Ossetia and Abkhazia, and the …” „… , Georgia/South Ossetia) and to prevent new ones (with a particular focus on Macedonia, the South Caucasus, and …”

Andreas Nothelle The OSCE Parliamentary Assembly – Driving Reform S. 342-373

„… , Azerbaijan, and Nagorno-Karabakh - Georgia – the situation in Abkhazia - Georgian peacekeeping troops in …” „… missions to Georgia, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia. The President of the Assembly proposes the head of …”

Peter Poptchev Bulgaria and the OSCE S. 58-69

„… conflicts” in Moldova and Georgia, has provided Bulgaria with additional valuable experience in the complex …”

The 56 OSCE Participating States – Facts and Figures S. 438-455

„… Barents Euro-Arctic Council, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe. 444 18. Georgia Date of …”

Lydia Grigoreva The Death Penalty in the OSCE Area S. 222-235

„… , Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, the Holy See, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy …”

Helmut Kulitz The OSCE Document on Stockpiles of Conventional Ammunition S. 300-315

„… – project for the disposal of rocket fuel in Georgia in 2003. In September 2004, Ukraine also made a …”

Vincent de Graaf, Annelies Verstichel Recommendations on Policing in Multi-Ethnic Societies S. 316-329

„… , Azerbaijan, and Georgia.14 In addition, several OSCE field missions, such as the OSCE Missions to Kosovo …”

William H. Hill The Transdniestrian Settlement Process – Steps Forward, Steps Back: The OSCE Mission to Moldova in 2005/2006 S. 152-171

„… , introduced by the Ukrainian President Victor Yushchenko at the GUAM (Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova …”

Karel De Gucht Preface by the Chairman-in-Office S. 10-13

„… Georgian-South Ossetian conflict, we have been urging all parties to return to the negotiating table while …”

Emil Souleimanov, Slavomír Horák Islam, Islamism, and Terrorism in the Northern Caucasus and Central Asia: A Critical Assessment S. 270-287

„… centuries by Georgian and Armenian missionaries. Thus, the expansion of Islam extended over twelve …”

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From Poverty to History Maker

Robert A. Holmes

2014

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Chapter 11 Partisan Politics and the Georgia Legislature S. 169-190

Chapter 8 The Georgia General Assembly in the 1990s S. 119-134

Chapter 13 Republican Control of the Georgia General Assembly and Adverse Impacts S. 205-224

Chapter 5 Atlanta and Georgia Politics in the 1970s and 1980s S. 73-90

doi.org/10.5771/9780761863083

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Migration Waves in Eastern Europe [1990-2015]

European Trade Union Institute (ETUI) (ed.)

Series: Sonderheft SEER

Volume 2017

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Lela Rekhviashvili Survival strategies of the poor and marginalised – The case of internally displaced people in Georgia S. 271-284

„… continue to complain about the lack of comprehensive data on the socio-economic conditions of Georgia’s …” „… Georgia, called bazari in Georgian,28 have been a shelter for many internally displaced people. One of the …” „… Georgia grew tense, many Georgians had to move back, but many of them fled to Europe and the US shortly …”

Bela Galgoczi, Calvin Allen Waves of migration from south-east Europe to the EU, as documented in 16 years of the South-East Europe Review S. 3-10

„… strategies of internally-displaced people in Georgia. The cause of such displacement was the ethnic conflicts …” „… declaration of independence by Georgia. Georgia experienced ethnic conflict with two secessionist regions …” „… . Statistical analysis of the Georgia Household Survey in 2009 showed that noteworthy differences continued to …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-2

„… people in Georgia 271 Biljana Čavkoska: Freedom of movement of workers as a condition for implementing …”

Kerstin Zimmer The implementation of migration policy in Ukraine: autonomous or directed? S. 259-270

„… subject to identity checks, including people from the Caucasus, mainly from Georgia and Armenia …” „… , but also Belarusians, Georgians, Moldovans and citizens from other CIS states, use Ukraine as a …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845279398

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