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Administrative Anti-Fraud Measures within the European Union

Agnieszka Aleksandra Murawska (Nowakowska)

2008

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Communications S. 232-233

„… (OLAF) (COM(2003) 154 _ 2002/2237(INI)), OJ C 89 Eof 14.4.2004, p. 1535. CommunicationsCommunication …” „… «, 29.03.1995, COM(95) 108 finalCommunication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on …” „… a UnionPolicy Against Corruption, 21.05.1997, COM(97) 192 finalCommunication from the Commission of …”

EC Resolutions S. 232

EC Decisions S. 230-232

„… 89 Eof 14.4.2004, p. 1535. CommunicationsCommunication from the Commission »Fraud in the transit …” „… procedure, solutions foreseen andperspectives for the future«, 29.03.1995, COM(95) 108 finalCommunication …” „… , 21.05.1997, COM(97) 192 finalCommunication from the Commission of 29 September 2000, additional Commission …”

Rights to be protected S. 121-135

„… is to enable and foster frank and effective communication between lawyer and client.540 The only way …” „… . Instead, it protects theconfidentiality of communication, not the facts underlying communications between …” „… it considers necessary, including written communications between lawyer and client, in connection …”

Council documents S. 233

„… 233Communication from the Commission, Vice-President Kinnock to the Commission, »How toenhance …” „… ), 151/2 Communication from the Commission on measures to be taken to combat terrorism and otherforms of …” „… , COM(2004) 221Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the …”

Legislative proposals S. 233-234

Legal obstacles S. 55-59

„… International Regulation after the Nation State, p.139-162 (p. 144).179 Communication from the Commission of 29 …” „… . 258.184 See Communication from the Commission of 29 September 2000, additional Commissioncontribution to …” „… . SeeCommunication from the Commission of 29 September 2000, additional Commission contribution to the …”

Draft Article 280a EC Treaty S. 191-193

„… Communication from the Commission of 29 September 2000, additional Commissioncontribution to the …” „… theEuropean Public Prosecutor in the exercise of his functions.«853 Communication from the Commission of 29 …” „… Communication from the Commission of 29 September 2000, additional Commission contribution to the …”

Consequences of irregularities S. 53-55

„… defrauded resources to finance other criminal activi-156 See Commission Communication »Fraud in the transit …” „… . 249.162 See Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament onthe prevention …” „… on the issues specific to terrorist financing in: Commission Communicationon measures to be taken to …”

Preparation for accession S. 184-186

„… fraud policy in the Member States. Finally, OLAF was engaged in training andother communication projects …” „… creation of anti-fraud co-ordinating services or structures,establishment of communication links, an …”

Third-Pillar instruments aimed at harmonisation of Member State law S. 79-82

„… had already beendeclared by the European Commission in a Communication295 and supported bythe EP …” „… the European Communities v Council of the EuropeanUnion, [2005] ECR I-7879.295 Communication from the …”

Secondary law instruments S. 70-79

„… , p. 1. 288 So called ECR – Electronic Communications Registry.289 See Special Report No. 3/2004, l.c …” „… irregularities and fraud had already beendeclared by the European Commission in a Communication295 and supported …” „… the European Communities v Council of the EuropeanUnion, [2005] ECR I-7879.295 Communication from the …”

Legal framework S. 140

„… the legal framework exclusively concerning them.624 See Commission Communication from Vice-President …”

Conclusions and prospects S. 93-94

„… Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament ona Union Policy Against Corruption …”

Background S. 139-140

„… the legal framework exclusively concerning them.624 See Commission Communication from Vice-President …”

Informants S. 140-141

„… the legal framework exclusively concerning them.624 See Commission Communication from Vice-President …”

Criminal penalties S. 92-93

„… Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament ona Union Policy Against Corruption …”

Internal procedure of whistleblowing S. 144-145

„… communication system to be used bywhistleblowers and/or other informants to reveal information to OLAF …”

Commission Draft Directive of 23 May 2001 on protection of EU funds under criminal law S. 193-194

„… Communication from the Commission of 29 September 2000, additional Commission contribution to the …”

Protection of financial interests in the Treaty of Maastricht S. 65-66

„… Commission communication on its anti-fraud strategy: Work programme for 1994;COM(94) 92 final. This work …”

Irregularities detrimental to the expenditures S. 46-48

„… I«,l.c.,p. 261.127 Id.128 The distribution of communications among the different Funds – number of cases in …”

Implementation of reporting obligations by the Member States S. 51-53

„… the Member States have different perceptions ofcriminal risk, their communications often do not …”

Obligations of whistleblowers S. 142-144

„… web-based communication system to be used bywhistleblowers and/or other informants to reveal information to …”

Reporting obligations S. 49-51

„… ofcriminal risk, their communications often do not differentiate between cases ofirregularity and fraud.145It …”

Rights granted to whistleblowers S. 147-150

„… Commission Communication from Vice-President Kinnock to the Commission »How150confidence. Moreover, the …”

Corpus Juris S. 188-191

„… assent of the European Parliament. 850 See Communication from the Commission of 29 September 2000 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-18

„… 2272. EC Directives 2303. EC Decisions 2304. EC Resolutions 2325. Communications 2326. Council …”

Primary law instruments S. 66-70

„… Commission communication on its anti-fraud strategy: Work programme for 1994;COM(94) 92 final. This work …”

Articles S. 207-214

„… Juris and agenda 2000;Information & Communication Technologies 1998, vol. 7, No. 6, p. 85Turner …”

Articles S. 218-226

„… États membres par l’UCLAF et examen des communications descas d’irrégularités communiqué par les États …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845206615

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Creating Joy and Meaning for the Dementia Patient

Ronda Parsons

2015

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12 Communication S. 131-142

„… become entangled within the depths of unyieldingconfusion.When we hear the word communication we are …” „… inwriting and voila, we have communicated.We also think of communication as missives and commands that …” „… occurs when we share our ideas with others. Communication is notonly the process of sending information …”

Preface S. i-xx

„… 10711 Mind Games 11912 Communication 13113 Dignity 14314 Spirit 15515 Emotional Security 16516 Humor Is …” „… change my attitudeand find ways for Nan and me to forge some kind of a meaningfulchannel of communication …”

10 The Five Senses S. 107-118

„… . This tactilenonverbal communication cuts through everything for that one momentin time. Consider …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781442227569

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The Funding of Party Competition

Karl-Heinz Nassmacher

2009

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Communication S. 66-68

„… cost of publicity or possibly communication.3. CommunicationAs a voluntary organisation of civil …” „… party headquarters may be a reasonable range for the cost of intra-party communication.In Britain the …” „… that “political party expenditures are mainly communication expenditures.”87 For the purpose of cost …”

Offices (rent of premises etc.) S. 64-66

„… possibly communication.3. CommunicationAs a voluntary organisation of civil society that provides political …” „… are mainly communication expenditures.”87 For the purpose of cost analysis, we separate intra-party …” „… communication (which is discussed in this sub-section) and communication as an ele ment of political marketing …”

Cartel parties S. 402-406

„… management is capital-intensive, access to votes uses state regulated channels of communication …” „… perform the new style of communication, the party-inof? ce and the central party headquarters become more …” „… of professional activity (by pollsters and consultants) in the age of media-centred communication …”

Catch-all parties S. 398-402

„… communication with voters and get-out-the-vote drives. As Katz and Mair have argued, the “party competes for ac …” „… cess to non-party channels of communication.”26 Thus the cadre party and the mass party, the brokerage …” „… , access to votes uses state regulated channels of communication, competition is about managerial …”

Paid TV advertising S. 167-172

„… TV advertising“Political campaigning consists largely of communications – their preparation …” „… , production, and delivery. … Communication costs – expenditures for television, radio, print media, and mass …” „… communication”.50 Media, especial ly TV, play a crucial role “in modern political life ... Yet even in … the …”

Approaching members and supporters by direct mailings S. 370-372

„… 370membership maintenance activities have increased via communication depending on full-time staff …” „… political parties but also intensi? ed communication between various levels of the party organisation and …” „… communication. Donors began to contact P.C. headquarters by writing letters, furnishing new ideas that the party …”

Publicity S. 68-71

„… “publicity” is a group of costs that are incurred in order to buy some means of communication, which address …” „… for spending on publicity (“propaganda and communication”). As a percentage of total headquarters …” „… item.Table 2-6: Costs of communication and publicity for parties in France (in percent of headquarters’ total …”

Intensified competition S. 164-167

„… campaigning consists largely of communications – their preparation, production, and delivery. … Communication …” „… “parallels the increasing reliance on television as a medium of political communication”.50 Media, especial …”

Policy development (research and training) S. 84-86

„… and communication) are common to all democracies, detailed features are quite speci? c and data are …” „… cost (e.g. for staff, of? ces, communication and publicity) or cost objects, especially the variety of …”

Election campaigns (campaign spending) S. 73-79

„… old-fashioned modes of voter communication with more modern techniques is time-lagged. That is, campaigners are …” „… by individual committees. As a consequence studies on communication (e.g. Kaid 2004 and Kaid …” „… / Holtz-Bacha 2006) do not mention the costs of communication.129 Pollock 1926, pp. 169, 172; Overacker 1941, p …”

Index S. 451-467

„… , 296-7advertising, political see communication, mediaadvertising, publicityaf? liated organisations …” „… 175, 204, 212, 246-9, 369committees of inquiry, reports by 28, 67, 69, 98, 161communication expenses …” „… 66-8, 76, 242, 275, 298-9communication, professional 167-71, 174, 186, 378-9, 386, 401-3communication …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… Herzog.5For other countries this study relies mostly on the available literature. The communication with …” „… and salaries 61b) Professional fees 642. Of? ces (rent of premises etc.) 643. Communication 664 …”

Changes of grass-roots linkage via membership dues and small donations S. 363-370

„… result of changes in communication technology and institutional rules, among them new political ? nance …” „… need.370membership maintenance activities have increased via communication depending on full-time staff …”

Bibliography S. 407-450

„… , pp. 173-191.Deutsch, Karl W (1966): The Nerves of Government. Models of Political Communication and …” „… : Canada Communications Group – Publishing, 1991, Volume 3.Lott, William F./ Warner, P. D. (1974): The …” „… , Research, and Applica tions. In: Kaid, Linda Lee (ed.): Handbook of Political Communication Research …”

List of tables and graphs S. 15-16

„… major Canadian parties (in percent) 67Table 2-6: Costs of communication and publicity for parties in …”

Costs of the biggest democracies: USA, Japan, Germany, Mexico S. 87-96

„… Pinto-Duschinsky 2002, p. 84.10 This is all the more true where new trends in government communication and issue …” „… to the late 1990s.43 Martinez 2005, pp. 178-179 and personal communication to the author.44 See above …”

Different levels of the party organisation (headquarters, branches and chapters) S. 378-387

„… the spot and brilliantly. Therefore professional communication has been estab lished by the top level …” „… become “a key link in the communication chain from party leader to mem bers,” as they organise all sorts …”

Impacts of funding S. 43-46

„… relationship with the electorate at large, which can be due to changes in communication technology, funding …”

Groups of party activists S. 54-56

„… networks of organisation and communication. They raise and spend their own money, which makes them a group …”

Summary of findings for party organisation S. 389-392

„… communication, preferably in local party chapters, because candidates not only need the capability to use media …”

Paid labour S. 60-64

„… employing staff and running of? ces is pertinent to all organisations. In addition, costs for communication …”

Parties and their candidates S. 374-378

„… communication has been estab lished by the top level of all parties. Major developments in organisational change …”

Costs of small democracies: Austria, Switzerland, Israel, Denmark, Ireland S. 105-109

„… capita amounts were around USD 8.00 during the 1990s. Arian 1998, p. 155.112 Personal communication from …”

Comparison of spending levels S. 115-120

„… traditional (i.e. patronage oriented) style of politics and rely on the modern means of mass communications …”

Moral hazard of democracy? S. 239-244

„… a kind of free speech, and the freedom of communication is to be preserved (Biersack/ Haskell 1999 …”

Contribution to party revenue (Income situation of parties) S. 317-322

„… organisation before they became successful electorally, in the age of media communication “new parties [of a …”

National, regional and local tiers (levels of party organisation) S. 47-54

„… , (2) of? ces, (3) communication, (4) publicity, (5) other goods and services; (c) cost objects: (1 …”

Cost push or demand pull? S. 183-192

„… technology is part of a more general pattern, i.e. the change in communication behaviour as observed during …”

Institutional fundraising S. 244-254

„… used associational channels of communication among the business community as a tool of moneyed interest …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845216515

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Corporate Communication and Integrated Marketing Communication

Christina L. McDowell Marinchak, Sarah M. DeIuliis

2023

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Audience and Communication Ethics S. 13-28

A Historical Perspective of Corporate Communication and Integrated Marketing Communication S. 1-12

Corporate Communication and Integrated Marketing Communication in a Technological Age S. 45-62

Organizational Culture at the Intersections of Corporate Communication and Integrated Marketing S. 29-44

doi.org/10.5771/9781498566834

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Food for the Future

John Brueggemann

2023

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Communication S. 179-196

doi.org/10.5771/9781666930726

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