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Issues of Governance, Security, and Development in Contemporary Africa

Mohamed Saliou Camara (ed.), Alem Hailu (ed.), Sabella O. Abidde (ed.)

2023

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Chapter 15: Assessing the Impact of “Enlarging People’s Choices” for Kenyan Women through Political Participation, Equal Access to Justice, and Socioeconomic Development S. 341-376

doi.org/10.5771/9781666902723

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Sozialer Verbraucherschutz

Eva Kocher (ed.), Doris Neuberger (ed.), Geraint Howells (ed.), Luca Nogler (ed.)

2023

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Nuno Manuel Pinto Oliveira Verbraucherschutz und Neo-Liberalismus S. 183-190

„… justice, he suggests that both access justice and “materialised” commutative justice are to be found …” „… wanting in respect to three issues. (i) Whereas access justice and “materialised” commutative justice …” „… . Furthermore, it emphasizes the difference between the paradigms of contractual justice appropriate to spot …”

Nick Huls Udo Reifner, marxist or missionary? S. 35-42

„… liberal lawyers during the Nazi-era.Access to justiceReifner differentiates between three kinds of legal …” „… just say what the law is. This new way to get access to justice focusses on collective actions by the …” „… development published in this Festschrift. The first element is access to justice, but in some ways its …”

Olha O. Cherednychenko Financial Supervision and Consumer Protection in the Post-Crisis European Union: An Uneasy Relationship S. 303-310

„… primarily justified by the considerations of ensuring access of financial consumers to the internal market.2 …” „… , lend or invest money directly with those who need financing – with a view to promoting easier access to …” „… Environment, COM(2017) 542 final.2 Cf. H.-W. Micklitz, ‘Introduction – Social Justice and Access Justice in …”

Joseph Spooner Responsible Bankruptcy S. 243-252

„… adjusted to the principles of justice, the gap between state and society will widen.”16 In these statements …” „… /Joint_Submission_with_Prof_Iain_Ramsay_to_Insolvency_Service_Call_for_Evidence_Debt_Relief_Order_access_conditions_and_creditor_bankruptcy_petitions>; Joseph Spooner, Joseph Spooner248Contract law’s primacy over bankruptcy law also means that …” „… frequent emphasis on how this regulatory model might maximise access to assumedly efficient and …”

Publications of Udo Reifner (books in italic) S. 391-413

„… (Barriers for Access to Justice)(1981) Rechtsberatung ‑ Rechtsprobleme durch soziale Definition …” „… für Konsumentenfragen, H.4, 1999 (Wien Dezember 1999) S. 3 (Access to financial Service)(1999 …” „… , 60‑99; (auch abgedruckt in DuR 87, 289) (Free Access to the Bar and the „Inundation with Lawyers“)(1988 …”

Iain Ramsay Responsible Credit and the European Coalition for Responsible Credit S. 227-230

„… which emphasise protection. The dominant international narrative pre-2008 was that of access to credit …” „… of the market. The European Court of Justice intervened in several credit cases to nudge member …” „… surrounding their role. Thus, while ceilings might limit access to high risk consumers little evidence existed …”

Alan White Sovereign Debt and Human Rights S. 259-268

„… research. Instead, an important part was to discover whether usury ceilings would limit access to credit …” „… responsibility. At our conference on access to credit in Gothenburg in 2000, countries like the UK and the United …” „… Bentham’s neo-liberal notion that pricing and justice are left to markets. Fighting usury is synonymous …”

Luisa Antoniolli Social Contracts in the light of the Common Frame of Reference S. 197-208

„… its suitability to embody non-market values, among which also social justice. Reifner has very clear …” „… without regard to social policy. This has influenced the selection of scholars7, the idea of justice …” „… controversial, and depends on the definition that is given to the term “social justice”, a thorny issue …”

Christian Joerges Where the Law Ends – Why the OMT Controversy is Undecidable S. 327-342

„… justice operated to guarantee equal freedom for all, if respect protected the dignity of each person in …” „… — mobile phone companies, for example, got access to new markets — and the failed development politics in …” „… ruling of the German Court of 14 January 2014,1 its “first reference ever” to the CJEU, as every …”

Interview mit Udo Reifner zum wissenschaftlichen Lebenslauf S. 373-386

„… „Access to Justice” beherrschte damals die Rechtssoziologie des Westens. Die Armen sollten wenigstens …” „… Verbraucherkreditrecht. Parallel zu Projekten über „Access to Justice“ unter Leitung von David Trubek in Wisconsin und …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748914648

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Prozessfinanzierung und Interessenkonflikte

Timon Boerner

Series: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law

Volume 28 2023

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Kapitel 10: Literaturverzeichnis S. 263-279

„… , S. 13–25 (zit. Caplen, Access to Justice).Caponi, Remo/Nowak, Janek Tomasz, Chapter 2. Access to …” „… (2014), S. 1–16.Caplen, Andrew, Access to Justice: The View from the Law Society, in: Palmer …” „… , El‐lie/Cornford, Tom u.a. (Hrsg.), Access to Justice – Beyond the Policies and Politics ofAusterity, Oxford 2018 …”

Kapitel 6: Abstrakte Interessenkonflikte im Rahmen der gewerblichen Prozessfinanzierung S. 197-222

„… vertraglich aus‐zuschließen, vgl. Degeling/Legg, C.J.Q. 36 (2017), 244, 250; VLRC, Access to Justice,März 2018 …” „… , Access to Justice, März 2018, Rn. 4.124-4.125.1044 Waye, Bond L. Rev. 19 (2007), 225, 229.1045 Allerdings …” „… , 2019, S. 58.1057 Vgl. Duffy, U.N.S.W.L.J. 39 (2016), 165, 190–191; VLRC, Access to Justice, März 2018 …”

Kapitel 4: Entwicklung der Prozessfinanzierung S. 35-180

„… , Sentencing and Punish‐ment of Offenders Act 2012 (LASPO) siehe Caplen, Access to Justice, 2018, S …” „… durchsetzbar.III. Fortschreitende Liberalisierung: Der Access to Justice Act 1999Auch im zivilrechtlichen Bereich …” „… , der sichin den Jahren 1995 (Interim Report) und 1996 (Final Report) unter demTitel „Access to Justice …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… Fortschreitende Liberalisierung: Der Access to Justice Act1999III.44Gestaltung durch die RechtsprechungIV. 46 …” „… . Chicago-Kent Law ReviewAbkürzungsverzeichnis14CJ Chief JusticeC.J.Q. Civil Justice QuarterlyC.L.J. Cambridge …”

Kapitel 1: Einleitung S. 21-26

„… “ (engl. access to justice) geht zurück auf Cappel‐letti/Garth, Buff. L. Rev. 27 (1978), 181, 182, die die …” „… : „Whether [third-party litigation funding] hasbeen a welcome and overdue move towards improved access to …” „… Kapitel 1: EinleitungWealth has indeed the monopoly of justice against poverty […].– Jeremy Bentham …”

Kapitel 7: Konkrete Interessenkonflikte und ihre regulatorische Bewältigung S. 223-250

„… VLRC, Access to Justice, Juli 2017, 7: „At the core of the concernare the conflicts of interest that …” „… arise in proceedings in which a litigation funderis involved. The litigation funder seeks to maximise …” „… its return on the investmentand closely monitors the process; the lawyer has duties to the court and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748915577

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Emanzipatorischer Rechtsstaat

Heiner Fechner

Series: Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen (ZERP)

Volume 71 2016

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Rechtsstaat und Inklusion in der entwicklungspolitischen Diskussion S. 49-128

„… Justice Reform, S. 4; Maru, Vivek, Access to Justice and Legal Empowerment: A Review of World Bank …” „… , inequality, conflict, sustainable development, intellectual property rights, access to justice; and actors …” „… and society (including its legal system), innocence of theory, artificially privileged access to …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 463-508

„… , S. 175‑191. Anderson, Michael R., Access to justice and legal process: making legal institutions …” „… responsive to poor people in LDCs, Sussex 2003, Access to justice. Andrés Ibáñez, Perfecto, ¿Desmemoria o …” „… . Cappelletti, Mauro, Foreword, in: Cappelletti, Mauro; Garth, Bryant G. (Hrsg.), Access to justice, Milan …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-22

„… Zugangs zum „Recht” 93 b) Access to Justice als „kleine Reform“ des Rule of Law- Paradigmas 99 …” „… Inhaltsverzeichnis 14 c) Legal Empowerment und Access to Justice in der Literatur 101 d) „Legal Empowerment of …” „… to Justice & Legal Empowerment of the Poor 92 a) Soziologische Hintergründe des Problems fehlenden …”

Stichwortverzeichnis S. 509-514

„… , 458, 460 Access to Justice 42, 58, 87, 92-93, 96-102, 111-112, 117, 125, 129- 130, 411 Acción …” „… Juntas del Barrio 154, 157-159, 167, 175, 177, 231, 265, 285 Justice for the Poor 85-86, 99, 112 …”

Rechtspluralismus und Institutionalität „von unten“ S. 129-208

„… reduzierten Rule of Law-Paradigma jüngeren Ansätze des Access to Justice wie auch des Legal Empowerment of …” „… . So werden beim Access to Justice- Ansatz auch alternative Streitbeilegungsmechanismen berücksichtigt …” „… außerstaatlicher Normativität sensibilisieren und, wie bei Access to Justice und Legal Empowerment of the Poor …”

Einleitung S. 23-48

„… teilweise in Frage stellende Ansätze wie „Access to Justice“ oder „Legal Empowerment of the Poor …” „… force with a spatial metaphor: to be marginal is both to have less power and to be at some distance …” „… economy. From employment in the informal sector to informal employment. ILO Working Paper No. 53, S. 3 f …”

Gesellschaftstransformation als Umwälzung symbolischer Macht S. 411-462

„… Ausrichtung (Access to Justice, Legal Empowerment of the Poor) stehen neben rechtswissenschaftlichen Ansätzen …” „… Pedagogical Act. Some Keys to Understanding, S. 35. Gesellschaftstransformation als Umwälzung symbolischer …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845274638

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Digitalisierung aus theologischer und ethischer Perspektive

Gotlind Ulshöfer (ed.), Peter G. Kirchschläger (ed.), Markus Huppenbauer (ed.)

Series: Religion - Wirtschaft - Politik

Volume 22 2021

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Peter G. Kirchschläger Ethics of Blockchain Technology S. 185-210

„… – depending on the justice-concept of the perspective. E. g., if we imagine a situation where the access to …” „… of justice need to be combined in order to avoid a one-sided justice-approach and in order to reach a …” „… documentation not belonging to anyone and not being controlled by anyone and an access at all times to review …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748924012

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Der Rechtsstaat unter den Bedingungen informaler Staatlichkeit

Gunnar Folke Schuppert

Series: Schriften zur Governance-Forschung

Volume 23 2011

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The Plurality of Justice Systems – ein bisher wenig erforschtes Terrain S. 71-76

„… »Access to justice in sub-Saharan Africa« (Penal Reform International 2000, S. 11) halten, in dem es dazu …” „… access to the formal state justice system is extremely limited.The type of justice offered by the formal …” „… justice systems is used in this publication to refer to non-state justice systems which have existed …”

Zum Verhältnis von »official and unofficial law« S. 70-71

„… Berichts des Penal Reform Project über »Access to justice in sub-Saharan Africa« (Penal Reform …” „… Profil mehr erkennbar ist, um das Verhalten zu orientieren.F »Informal justice«: von »legal pluralism« zu …” „… »judicial pluralism«F »Informal justice«: von »legal pluralism« zu »judicial pluralism«I. The Plurality of …”

Literatur S. 185-193

„… . 7, S. 34 ff.Panel Reform International (2000) (Hrsg.), Access to justice in sub-Saharan Africa. The …” „… , Oxford.Chopra, Tanja (2008), Building Informal Justice in Northern Kenya, Research Report, Justice for the Poor …” „… Program, Nairobi.Chopra, Tanja (2010), Dispensing Elusive Justice. The Kenyan Judiciary Amongst …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845231297

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International Investment Law

Marc Bungenberg (ed.), Jörn Griebel (ed.), Stephan Hobe (ed.), August Reinisch (ed.)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2015

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Marc Bungenberg, Stephan Hobe II. The Relationship of International Investment Law and European Union Law S. 1602-1628

„… for a future finalagreement in the Doha Round, given the Court of Justice’s4 restrictive approachas to …” „… arbitration, such as access toICSID tribunals, enshrined in the vast majority of BITs, creates a certain …” „… access and the right to invest. As long as the freedom of capital move-ment is applicable, this guarantee …”

Rainer Hofmann III. The Protection of Individuals under Public International Law S. 46-63

„… , as well as the 2010 judgement of the International Court of Justice inthe Diallo case might point to …” „… the respective State; they had no independent access to inter-national courts or tribunals; standing …” „… courts and tri-bunals: suffice it to mention the International Court of Justice (ICJ) which, asconcerns …”

Index S. 1913-1952

„… Access to Information Act (Canada)Chapter 4 III B 27access to international justiceChapter 6 II C 5access …” „… II A 1; Chapter 6 II C 4– access to international justiceChapter 6 II C 5– archetype Chapter 13 XII …” „… 11 V 39abuse of rights Chapter 6 III B 24;Chapter 13 V 32access to domestic courts Chapter 8 I 118 …”

Giorgio Sacerdoti, Matilde Recanati XIII. Approaches to Investment Protection outside of Specific International Investment Agreements and Investor-State Settlement S. 1839-1862

„… persons and property’, including ‘easy and free access to justice’.XIII. Approaches to Investment …” „… fullfreedom of travelling, establishment, trade and commerce, access to professionsand equality of treatment …” „… includes aright to market access and the making of investments, specifically in real estate.The Object of …”

Sabine Konrad C. Protection for Non-Profit Organisations S. 555-565

„… importantly, such treaties provide for direct access to interna-tional justice: investors have the right to …” „… certain NGOs (but notothers) access to foreign funds could be viewed as a violation of their right …” „… justice.While some BITs explicitly mention not-for-profit investors, most BITs aresilent on the topic. The …”

Michael Hahn II. EU Rules and Obligations Related to Investment S. 671-684

„… of Justice that it was within the Union’spowers to conclude the WTO Agreement on its own, without the …” „… enjoyedimplicit exclusive external competence pursuant to the ERTA jurisprudence ofthe Court of Justice, now …” „… to seek WTO plus market access commitments with regard tomodes 1, 3 and 4 (cross-border service …”

Jan K. Schäfer I. Alternatives to Investment Arbitration S. 1186-1211

„… Mediation Directive further stresses the expec-tation to strengthen better access to justice11 by …” „… . This raises serious questions about access to justice for private individ-ual as well as small and …” „… : ‘The principle of access to justiceis fundamental and, with a view to facilitating better access to …”

Michael Waibel II. Investment Arbitration: Jurisdiction and Admissibility S. 1212-1287

„… ju-risdiction of a state Court and issuing a decision, which could purport to deny a party access to jus-tice …” „… such that their joint adjudication is feasible and in theinterest of justice.Section D. turns to the …” „… concerned.9In both human rights law, and to a lesser degree, investment treaty arbitration,access to …”

Lars Markert, Helene Bubrowski B. National Setting Aside Proceedings in Investment Arbitration S. 1460-1481

„… of Justice (n. 25) para. 7: ‘It is now well-established that achallenge to the jurisdiction of an …” „… Investor-StateArbitration (in effect from 1 April 2014) contain transparency requirements which allow forincreased access to …” „… Ventures SA, High Court of Justice,Judgment, 5 December 2007, para. 13.26 Ecuador v. Occidental, High Court …”

Pierre-Marie Dupuy, Jorge E. Viñuales VIII. Human Rights and Investment Disciplines: Integration in Progress S. 1739-1767

„… rules governing access to the exercise of diplomatic protection (likethe prior exhaustion of local …” „… number of other conditions,the investor can have a direct access to international arbitration.20 At the …” „… exhaustion of local remedies as a prerequisite for the injuredindividual to have access to the competent …”

Armand de Mestral III. Pre-Entry Obligations under International Law S. 685-699

„… Otto San-drock, ‘The Right of Foreign Investors to Access German Markets: The Meaning of Article2(1) of …” „… competence extends to setting the standards of treatmentin the internal market. The Court of Justice of the …” „… capaci-ty of the EU to regulate the conditions of access of foreign investment to EUmarkets under the CCP is …”

Kaj Hobér II. Does Investment Arbitration have a Future? S. 1873-1878

„… critical impor-tance to have access to the dispute settlement mechanisms provided in BITsand multilateral …” „… foreign investor did not have access to a neutral fo-rum. The traditional method then was to use …” „… foreign governments has led to national laws being revoked, jus-tice systems questioned and environmental …”

Marc Jacob, Stephan W. Schill I. Fair and Equitable Treatment: Content, Practice, Method S. 700-763

„… ” includes the obligation not to deny justice in criminal, civil, or administrative adjudica-tory proceedings …” „… as ‘includ[ing] the obliga-tion not to deny justice in criminal, civil, or administrative …” „… am-biguous in that they could refer to notions of equality and substantive justice, orto less grand notions …”

Chester Brown I. The Evolution of the Regime of International Investment Agreements: History, Economics and Politics S. 153-185

„… United States Commercial Treaties’ (1951) 45 AJIL 83, 92; Robert Wilson, ‘Access-to-Court Provisions in …” „… content of FCN treaties developed over time, but the States usually guaran-teed the right of access to the …” „… ofproperty, some of which were submitted to the Permanent Court of InternationalJustice (PCIJ), and some of …”

Burkhard Schöbener IV. Outlook on the Developments in Public International Law and the Law Relating to Aliens S. 64-79

„… http://www.unctad-docs.org/UNCTAD-WIR2012-Full-en.pdf (last access in January 2014).2 To date, however, only very few of the State …” „… justice,56 commitment to due pro-cess,57 and the freedom from coercion and harassment.58 The most …” „… IV. Outlook on the Developments in Public International Law andthe Law Relating to AliensBurkhard …”

Markus Krajewski III. Investment Law and Public Services S. 1629-1643

„… intervention into the market to ensure universal access to water.10Generally, it is accepted that the human …” „… seek access to markets in other countries. For example,many traditional postal services such as the …” „… focussing on market access (market opening)such as the GATS require if a certain sector is subject to the …”

Anthony Sinclair VII. Umbrella Clause S. 887-958

„… access to an ‘internationally secured legal reme-dy’,104 and no additional remedy was intended, or if the …” „… oftheir bargaining strength and ability to negotiate for themselves contractual safe-guards, access to an …” „… Doubting or Declining to give Effect to an UmbrellaClause …”

August Reinisch IV. The Likely Content of Future EU Investment Agreements S. 1884-1903

„… , though the precise con-tours were still open given the difficulty of access to ICSID (and ICSID …” „… AccessOpening up domestic markets to foreign investors is one of the main purposesof trade and investment …” „… provided for market access through expanding nationaltreatment also to the pre-investment or establishment …”

Andrea K. Bjorklund B. NAFTA’s Contributions to Investor-State Dispute Settlement S. 261-282

„… In-terpretation regarding access to documents and regarding Article 1105, which isentitled ‘minimum standard of …” „… possibilitythat the Commission effected an amendment rather than an interpretation.8The note regarding access to …” „… from providing public access to documentssubmitted to, or issued by, a Chapter Eleven tribunal.’ At …”

Jörn Griebel D. The New EU Investment Policy Approach S. 304-325

„… investmentprotection shall be a separate one, not linked to the market access commit-ments’. While this is certainly a …” „… subject to the discriminationstandards.As far as the question of market access is concerned, the EU organs …” „… primafacie very much seem to follow their member State’s approach in not addressingsuch access for …”

Marc Bungenberg, Catharine Titi VIII. Precedents in International Investment Law S. 1505-1516

„… Interna-tional Court of Justice,4 is generally interpreted to indicate the absence of a ruleof binding precedent …” „… transparency,publication of awards is largely subject to the parties’ consent,60 and thereforelack of access to earlier …” „… the Inter-national Court of Justice?’ in Emmanuel Gaillard and Yas Banifatemi (eds), Precedent in …”

Catherine Kessedjian III. Where Public meets Private: a Few Thoughts on Investment Law and Arbitration S. 1879-1883

„… society has no access to that information (whether in the homeState or the host State). All too often it …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12All too often, analysts tend to limit their investigation to investment law prop-er, when a broader …” „… conflict between short-term demands and long-term rewards contributes to the crisis. For example …”

John P. Gaffney, Zeynep Akçay A. European Bilateral Approaches S. 186-201

„… pre-accession.According to the Commission, such priority access was violating non-discrimi-nation obligations52 imposed …” „… access to its transmission system, the Slovak Republic has failed to fulfill its obligationsunder …” „… to Money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26(e …”

Karsten Nowrot Chapter 10: Obligations of Investors S. 1154-1185

„… Francesco Francioni, ‘Access to Justice, Denial of Justice, and Interna-tional Investment Law’ in …” „… Sources of Investment LawKarsten Nowrot 117127of security personnel, and providing access to effective …” „… relations such asrespective aspects of freedom of association, collective bargaining and access ofworkers to …”

Markus Perkams B. Protection for Legal Persons S. 638-652

„… access to ICSID arbi-tration under the BIT against Ukraine, as the enterprise was founded six years …” „… , as the on-ly purpose of the acquisition had been to get access to ICSID jurisdiction:The evidence …” „… Requirements in Investment TreatyArbitration’ (2005) 20 ICSID Rev.–FILJ 357–388.IntroductionNext to natural …”

Andreas R. Ziegler X. Investment Law in Conflict with WTO Law? S. 1784-1801

„… administration of justice, the WTO's judicial organ should use its inherent power of comityto decline to exercise …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7C. Plethora of Treaties Relating to International Economic Law . . . . . . . . . . . 9D …” „… of WTO Law in Investor-State Arbitration: A Reply to Jürgen Kurtz’ (2009) 20 EJIL1087–1094; Jürgen …”

Anne K. Hoffmann G. Denial of Benefits S. 598-613

„… apply to the ‘recognition of ju-ridical status and with respect to access to courts of justice and to …” „… difficult for theState to access. Nevertheless, the tribunal did not shift the burden of proof, butreferred …” „… ’ access to information with regard to its right underArt. 17(1) of the ECT.The tribunal in Plama v …”

Vivienne Bath, Luke Nottage C. The ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement and ‘ASEAN Plus’ – The Australia–New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA) and the PRC–ASEAN Investment Agreement S. 283-303

„… of Asia.2However, liberal market access to Western markets also provided an impetusto …” „… might limit investment, suchas licensing conditions, rules limiting access to domestic finance and so …” „… agreement provides that fairand equitable treatment requires a State not to deny justice in legal or …”

Jorge E. Viñuales VII. Investment Law and Sustainable Development: The Environment breaks into Investment Disputes S. 1714-1738

„… it even left open the possi-bility of granting them access to the hearing.65 Even more noteworthy was …” „… neither the access to thefile nor the potential access to the hearing had been previously granted to …” „… requests (written intervention, ac-cess to documents, access to the hearing) usually made by amici curiae …”

Stephan Hobe I. The Development of the Law of Aliens and the Emergence of General Principles of Protection under Public International Law Stephan HobeThe Development of the Law of Aliens S. 6-22

„… of detention and(3) the right to fall to a non-obstructed access to court.Finally, one would(4) also …” „… Chapter 2: The Law Relating to Aliens, the International MinimumStandard and State ResponsibilityI …” „… the international law of aliens covers those rules that grant acertain standard of protection to …”

Stephan W. Schill XII. Multilateralization: An Ordering Paradigm for International Investment Law S. 1817-1838

„… investment protection granted un-der third-party BITs.45 The application to more favourable access conditions …” „… virtually any country is capable of opting into virtually any BIT regime.Similarly, access to, and exit from …” „… , the BIT regime resemble a multilateralregime if corporate structuring is taken into account. Access to …”

August Reinisch II. The Interpretation of International Investment Agreements S. 372-410

„… (‘Access to [special dispute settlementmechanisms] is part of the protection offered under the Treaty. It …” „… Meaning”of BITs and the Jurisdiction of Treaty-Based Tribunals to Hear Contract Claims’ (2007) 8JWIT 5–68 …” „… according to the principles of treaty interpretationcodified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties …”

Irmgard Marboe V. Valuation in Cases of Breach of Contract S. 1103-1114

„… Perma-nent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) according to which reparation must‘re-establish the …” „… , such as water supply and access to the construction site.Levitt, William J. v. Iran, (1987) 14 Iran–US …” „… viola-tion of a treaty provision, such as an obligation to fair and equitable treatment,full protection and …”

Monique Sasson III. Investment Arbitration: Procedure S. 1288-1372

„… investors of ICSID arbitrationhave been summarised as follows:2– direct access to a form of settlement of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782. Challenge to and Disqualification of Arbitrators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93D …” „… . Answer to the Request for Arbitration …”

Ralph Alexander Lorz II. Protection and Security (Including the NAFTA Approach) S. 764-789

„… argument outside the area of protection and security, concretelywith regard to a denial of justice claim …” „… the award in Gemplus v. Mexico also im-plies that access to legal remedies before State courts is …” „… Security’ to Other Standards . . . . . . . . . . . 601. General Remarks …”

Stephan Wittich II. State Responsibility S. 23-45

„… jus-tice. To be sure, these changes did not indicate a new direction in the commit-tee’s approach to State …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26C. Conceptual Issues concerning State Responsibility in Relation toInvestment Law …” „… to a general principle of law common to all, or at least the major, legal sys-Stephan Wittich 231tems …”

Yun-I Kim I. Investment Law and the Individual S. 1585-1601

„… individuals access to international adjudication in cases where individual rights are violat-ed, however, to …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151. Introduction and Background to the Relevant Case Law . . . . . . . . . . . . 152. Archer Daniels …” „… and the Power to Waive ICSID Jurisdiction under Bilateral InvestmentTreaties’ (2004) 20 Arbitration …”

Christina Binder IV. Circumstances Precluding Wrongfulness S. 442-480

„… theUS Government of its obligations towards Mexico regarding access of Mexican-produced sugar to the US …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13c) The Tribunals’ Diverging Approaches to the Relationshipbetween the Customary Law Based Necessity …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783. The Defences’ Relationship to Treaty Provisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79a …”

Morris Besch II. Typical Questions Arising within Negotiations S. 93-152

„… international law according to Art. 38(1)(c)of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. In the context …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52(1) Restriction of Stabilisation to Specific Statutes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56(2) Restriction …” „… of Stabilisation to Specific Legal Areas . . . . . . . . . . 58(3) Stabilisation of the Stabilisation …”

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Self-Representation im Common Law

Hanna Mühlbacher

Series: Streitbeilegung und Streitvermeidung im Zivilrecht - Schriftenreihe des Munich Center for Dispute Resolution

Volume 13 2022

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§ 2 Gründe für eine Self-Representation in Common Law Rechtsordnungen S. 125-167

„… „Access to Justice“-Zwischenbericht von 1995, dass die hohen und oft unverhältnismäßigen Prozesskosten in …” „… verstärkt.Einschränkung von Access to Justice-Instrumenten in den USADie drei Hauptinstrumente, die sich in den USA über …” „… - Technical Report 2019/20, 2020, S. 81 (Fig. 51).493 L Woolf, Access to Justice - Interim Report to the Lord …”

§ 1 Einführung und Überblick über die aktuelle Rechtslage S. 21-124

„… Verfahren anerkannt. Es wird aus dem Recht auf Zugang zu den Gerichten (right to access to justice/court …” „… Services Act 1990 in seiner Fassung nach Änderung durch den Access to Justice Act 1999. Inzwischen wurde …” „… . Malbon, in: Trebilcock/Duggan/Sossin, Middle Income Access to Justice, S. 328, 337 ff.149 Zu Finnland …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… .151Einschränkung von Access to Justice-Instrumenten in den USAI.152Kürzung der Vergütung von legal aid …” „… Columbiad.h. das heißtders. derselbedies. dieselbeDist. Districtdt. deutsch(er)EAJA Equal Access to Justice …” „… Rechtsordnungenb) 32Entbehrlichkeit einer zwingenden Prozessvertretung im Common Law durch „right to …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 257-280

„… Procedure – Essays on 'Access to justice', Oxford 1995, S. 149–167.Dethloff, Nina, Verträge zur …” „… (UK) 2010.—, Do-it-yourself law: access to justice and the challenge of self-representation, in: (2013 …” „… , Access to Justice, Costs, and Legal Aid, in: Vol. 54 The American Journal of Comparative Law, S. 293–315 …”

§ 5 Versuche und Vorschläge zur Verbesserung der Stellung nicht anwaltlich vertretener Parteien im Common Law Zivilprozess S. 219-253

„… oberste Gericht (zumeist dem Supreme Court) sog. “Access to Justice Commissions” eingerichtet. Diese …” „… . https://www.americanbar.org/groups/legal_aid_indigent_defense/resource_center_for_access_to_justice/atj-commissions/commission-directory, 30.12.2021.879 Steinberg, 47 Conn. L. Rev. 741, 786 f., 760 (2015), im Gegensatz zu „supply …” „… 1996 u. Canadian Action Committee on Access to Justice in Civil and Family Matters seit 2007.219 …”

§ 3 Probleme bei Self-Representation S. 168-207

„… 4 (1999), 3, 7; L Woolf, Access to Justice - Interim Report to the Lord Chancellor on the civil …” „… : Jacob, S. 5 ff.; L Woolf, Access to Justice - Interim Report to the Lord Chancellor on the civil justice …” „… . schon L Woolf, Access to Justice - Interim Report to the Lord Chancellor on the civil justice system in …”

§ 6 Ergebnis S. 254-256

„… erscheint es durchaus fragwürdig, dass sich Staaten aus der Verantwortung ziehen, Access to Justice für jene …” „… Parteien. Indem der Staat seine Verantwortung für die Gewährung von Access to Justice weitestgehend auf die …”

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Optimierung des bestehenden kriminalstatistischen Systems in Deutschland

Rat für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsdaten (ed.)

2009

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Kriminalstatistische Systeme in England und Wales, den Niederlanden, in Schweden und in der Schweiz im Vergleich – Zusammenfasung der Ergebnisse der Expertenbefragung S. 138-156

„… criminal justice statistics data can be accessed by users through publications. But also direct access to …” „… the screeners (up to a maximum of six) • Mobile phone theft • Performance of the Criminal Justice …” „… 17:46:28 142 • Contact with and attitudes to the Criminal Justice System (Module B) • Crime prevention and …”

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Sexuelle Selbstbestimmung bei Menschen mit kognitiven Einschränkungen?

Karolin Kuhn (ed.), Joachim Renzikowski (ed.), Barbara Schellhammer (ed.)

Series: Sexualität in Recht und Gesellschaft

Volume 4 2024

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Ingeborg Thümmel Zugang zur Justiz für Menschen mit sogenannter geistiger Behinderung S. 329-344

„… : https://www.un.org/depts/german/menschenrechte/Access%20to%20Justice-DEU.pdf –Abruf 19.3.2024).Ingeborg Thümmel332– Grundsatz 9: Wirksame und robuste …” „… , Interna‐tional Principles and Guidelines on Access to Justice for Persons with Disabilities,2020 (unter …” „… : https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2020/10/Access-to-Justice-EN.pdf – deutsche Übersetzung unter …”

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Gender & Crime

Helena Schüttler (ed.), Yvonne Krieg (ed.), Paulina Lutz (ed.), Dilken Çelebi (ed.), Leonie Steinl (ed.), Jara Streuer (ed.), Maja Werner (ed.)

Series: Interdisziplinäre Beiträge zur Kriminologischen Forschung

Volume 56 2025

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Viviana Andreescu Inclusion, Security, and Justice: Exploring the Correlates of Femicides in the United States S. 25-40

„… decline when women would be legally protectedagainst domestic violence, would have equal access to …” „… disadvantage of women relativeInclusion, Security, and Justice27to men, contributing to an increase in the …” „… used to determine the women’s access to healthcare in each state(McGuire, 2021). Data on unemployment …”

Kim Marie Zibulski, Vanessa Uttenweiler Polizeiliche Gefährdungsanalyse, Gefahrenmanagement und interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit bei (Ex-)Partnerschaftsgewalt S. 123-134

„… Factors leading to low reporting & restricting access toservice Factors Leading to Low reporting of …” „… ., & Rice, M.E. (2010). Risk assessment for domestically violentmen: Tools for criminal justice, offender …” „… . https://www.innenministerkonferenz.de/IMK/DE/termine/to-beschluesse/2015-12-03_04/anlage8.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2Projektgruppe des AK II. (2005). Verhinderung …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748951797

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Amicus Curiae before International Courts and Tribunals

Astrid Wiik

Series: Successful Dispute Resolution

Volume 4 2018

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-24

„… Submission of evidenceE. 404Access to documentsF. 408Contents19International Court of Justice and …” „… obligation to consider?A. 433International Court of JusticeB. 435International Tribunal for the Law of the …” „… submissionsChapter § 7431An obligation to consider?A. 433International Court of JusticeB. 435International Tribunal …”

Chapter § 8 Effects on the international dispute settlement system S. 489-568

„… of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the Registrar ofthe International Court of Justice), Part IV …” „… to access the dispute settle-ment process from now on by submitting their own argument before panels …” „… Justice58Article 38(1) ICJ Statute alludes to the private judicial function of the ICJby stipulating that …”

Bibliography S. 707-734

„… Verlag, Zürich et al. 2007, pp. 151-171Cançado Trindade, A., The right of access to justice in the …” „… ., Public access to dispute settlement hearings in the World Trade Organiza-tion, 11 Journal of …” „… International Economic Law (2000), pp.701-706Bibliography718Jillmann, B., The access of individuals to …”

Chapter § 6 Amici curiae in the proceedings S. 317-428

„… to partici-pate actively in hearings.International Court of JusticeArticle 69(2) ICJ Rules clarifies …” „… to submit evi-dence or access case documents. In short, they must decide on its status inthe …” „… et al. v. Chile, a case concerningthe right to access to information, the Asociación por los derechos …”

Chapter § 3 An international instrument S. 73-122

„… material, see JUSTICE/Public Law Project, supra note 18, p. 34.32 Para. 4 Memorandum to Judges.33 …” „… and the Lord Chief Justice jointlyissued a ‘Memorandum to Judges.’The Memorandum lay to rest any …” „… : http://www.icj-cij.org/files/permanent-court-of-international-justice/serie_E/English/E_02_en.pdf (last visited: 28.9.2017). Article 26(2) PCIJ Statuteallowed the PCIJ to instruct up to …”

Chapter § 5 Admission of amicus curiae to the proceedings S. 175-316

„… on treaty-based authority to acceptamici curiae.International Court of JusticeArticle 34(2) ICJ …” „… effective administration of justice,the Court may invite any Member State that is not a party to a case, any …” „… justice, most suited to procedure before an international tribunal and most inconformity with the …”

Methodology S. 575-704

„… InitiativeCommittee to Protect JournalistsArticle 19Guardian News and Media Ltd.Open Society Justice InitiativeA A A A …” „… , Romanian Helsinki Committee, the Bulgarian Access to In-formation Programme Foundation, Global Witness …” „… 576International Court of JusticeContentious casesYearCaseAmicus curiae[State/NGO/IO/Ind]A/R/I/An1949 …”

Chapter § 7 Does content matter? Substantive effectiveness of amicus curiae submissions S. 429-488

„… access to justice to the applicant whowas seeking to regain ownership of his parents’ house. The house …” „… participation is used by en-tities affected by a judicial decision to obtain access to an international court or …” „… the Islamic Republic of Iran to the Registrar ofthe International Court of Justice), Part IV …”

Chapter § 2 Great expectations? Presumed functions and drawbacks of amicus curiae participation S. 41-72

„… coherence of international law (V.).Broader access to informationConcepts such as iura novit curia and – in …” „… court to access legal opinion and prac-tical information that a resource and time-constrained court …” „… – itspurpose is to assist in the achievement of an international stability that is consist-ent with justice and …”

Chapter § 4 Characteristics, status and function of amicus curiae before international courts S. 123-174

„… overcome the lack of standing of individuals andgrant some form of due process and access to justice (see …” „… CivilJustice Quarterly (2004), p. 187.123sic common understanding of the instrument, especially in relation to …” „… submissionsconsidered by an international court or tribunal, nor to remuneration, norto legal aid, nor to access case …”

Chapter § 1 Introduction S. 25-40

„… they are intended exclusively to sup-port the Court of Justice in reaching a decision.’ [References …” „… IntroductionAmici curiae skyrocketed to international fame in the late 1990 after theWTO Appellate …” „… Body decided in US–Shrimp that panels possessed an un-written authority to accept submissions from …”

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Die Rechtsstellung des Generalanwalts am Gerichtshof der Europäischen Union

Jonas Brügmann

Series: Schriftenreihe Europäisches Recht, Politik und Wirtschaft

Volume 404 2023

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Kapitel 2: Ernennung und Beendigung des Amtes S. 37-146

„… ? Balan‐cing Access to Information Against Privacy in European Judicial Selections, in: Bobek(Hrsg.), Selecting …” „… Enough? Balancing Access to Information Against Priva‐cy in European Judicial Selections, in: Bobek (Hrsg …” „… Transparent Enough? Balancing Access to Infor‐mation Against Privacy in European Judicial Selections, in …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 453-468

„… , Daniel, Could there be a Rule of Law Problem at the EU Court of Justice?,The Puzzling Plan to let U.K …” „… /dec/07/brexit-uk-fails-to-retain-voice-in-european-court-of-justice (zuletzt abgerufen am 8.4.2022 …” „… .: Zimmermann/Tams/Oellers-Frahm-Bearbeiter, The statute of the international court of justice).Literaturverzeichnis468 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748919933

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Zukunftsperspektiven des Strafrechts

Elisa Hoven (ed.), Michael Kubiciel (ed.)

Series: Beiträge zum Strafrecht - Contributions to Criminal Law

Volume 2 2020

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Michele Caianiello Is There Still Room for Reasonable Doubt? Criminal Proceedings and the Challenges of Scientific and Technological Development S. 197-222

„… second consequence, is that the rights of the defence, especially access to a counsel, need to be, as far …” „… approach was developed with regard to the right of access to a counsel, and to the presumption of innocence …” „… interrogation) was per se neither in violation of the right to remain silent, nor of the right to access to …”

Karolina Kremens The New Wave of Penal Populism from a Polish Perspective S. 123-136

„… ), was a first sign that severe changes were to be expected. In 2006 the Ministry of Justice introduced …” „… court were modified in a way that limited the court’s access to information about a case prior to the …” „… forms of criminal justice” (plea bargaining provisions) by allowing felony cases to be resolved in this …”

Jenia I. Turner Fair trial or efficient administration of justice? Trends in modern criminal procedure S. 187-196

„… today in a range of criminal justice systems across the world — from adversarial to inquisitorial to …” „… these values. Efficiency allows a criminal justice system to dispose of cases quickly and at a low cost …” „… accuracy, or the criminal justice system will not be able to accomplish its broader goals. It would do …”

Marc Groenhuijsen International development of crime, particularly with regard to victimization S. 43-60

„… criminal justice system and the way victims of terrorism have to be treated by national governments. In …” „… conventional criminal justice system – not even in the most affluent western countries – is equipped to deal …” „… formation in the field of transitional justice. This is not the right place to even remotely sum up the …”

Eleni Chaitidou The International Criminal Court: achievements, challenges and future perspectives. A personal account S. 277-322

„… substantial reasons to believe that an investigation would not serve the interests of justice. 23 The term …” „… applications and the parties’ access to the applications. In an effort to streamline and maximize efficiency in …” „… , participants and the relevant Chamber have access to the records of the proceedings they participate in …”

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Vertikale Integration im Mediensektor und Fusionskontrolle

Jakob Rüder

Series: Schriften zum Medien- und Informationsrecht

Volume 53 2021

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 617-645

„… Guide to Merger Remedies [zitiert als „2004 Remedies Guide“] Department of Justice, 2010 Horizontal …” „… Merger Guidelines Department of Justice, 2011 Antitrust Division Policy Guide to Merger Remedies [zitiert …” „… Access to the Internet over Wireline Facilities, Report and Order and Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, 20 …”

Kapitel 2: Vertikale Medienfusionen im US-Recht S. 252-438

„… „denying them access to a related product“ und verstehen unter „related product“ unter 2. Unter anderem „an …” „… input, a means of distribution, or access to a set of customers“. Auch die RRC-Konstellation ist offen …” „… formuliert, indem vom „changing the terms of those rivals’ access to one or more related products“ gesprochen …”

Kapitel 1: Ökonomische Grundlagen vertikaler Zusammenschlüsse zwischen Inhalteanbietern und Distributeuren S. 89-251

„… Report to the Directorate General for Competition, European Commission [Final Report], S. V, Fn. 3 …” „… , Anticompetitive Exclusion: Raising Rivals’ Costs to Achieve Power over Price, 96 Yale L.J. 209 (1986), 219 ff …” „… ), 987 f. 264 Coase, The Nature of the Firm, 4 Economica 386 (1937). 265 Bain, Barriers to New …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-38

„… Innovation D2C Direct-to-Consumer DOJ Department of Justice DTH Direct-to-Home DVB-T2 Digital Video …” „… Direct-to-Consumer-Dienste3. 51 Ziele der ArbeitC. 51 Gang der ArbeitD. 52 Ökonomisches Fundament der ArbeitI. 52 Antitrust …” „… Program Access Rules1. 372 Diskriminierungsverbota) 372 Verbot von Exklusivitätsvereinbarungenb) 373 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748925187

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