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Administrative Anti-Fraud Measures within the European Union

Agnieszka Aleksandra Murawska (Nowakowska)

2008

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-18

List of abbreviations S. 19-22

Objective of the study S. 23-24

Methodology S. 24-25

Delimitation of the research S. 25

Outline S. 25-26

The Community budget S. 27-37

Other financial resources S. 37-38

Irregularities S. 39-41

Officials of the Member States S. 41-42

Officials of the European Communities S. 42-43

Economic operators S. 43-44

Irregularities detrimental to the revenues S. 44-46

Irregularities detrimental to the expenditures S. 46-48

Reporting obligations S. 49-51

Implementation of reporting obligations by the Member States S. 51-53

Consequences of irregularities S. 53-55

Legal obstacles S. 55-59

Institutional obstacles S. 59-60

Conclusion S. 60-61

Historical development of anti-fraud mechanisms within the EC S. 62-63

UCLAF and the protection of the financial interests of the EC S. 63-65

Protection of financial interests in the Treaty of Maastricht S. 65-66

Primary law instruments S. 66-70

Secondary law instruments S. 70-79

Third-Pillar instruments aimed at harmonisation of Member State law S. 79-82

Sanctions as policy and enforcement element of EC law S. 83

Functions of sanctions S. 83-84

Addressee of the sanctions S. 84-85

Sanctions imposed by the Community and the Member States S. 85-86

Nature of the sanctions S. 86

Principles for imposing sanctions S. 86-87

Administrative measures S. 87-88

Administrative penalties S. 88-92

Criminal penalties S. 92-93

Conclusions and prospects S. 93-94

Background S. 95

The Director-General of OLAF S. 95-98

Supervisory Committee S. 98-99

The Staff S. 99

Assessment by the Supervisory Committee S. 99-101

Assessment by the ECA S. 101-102

Conclusion S. 102

External investigations S. 102-111

Internal investigations S. 111-113

Principle of proportionality S. 113-114

Rule of law S. 114-115

Limitations with respect to enforcement S. 115-116

Principle of internal organisational autonomy of EC institution S. 116-117

Fundamental rights, immunities, privileges S. 117

General remarks S. 118-119

Legal character of OLAF investigations S. 119-121

Rights to be protected S. 121-135

The Immunities and Privileges S. 135-137

Official secrecy S. 137-138

Background S. 139-140

Legal framework S. 140

Informants S. 140-141

Whistleblowers S. 141-142

Witnesses S. 142

Anonymous sources S. 142

Obligations of whistleblowers S. 142-144

Internal procedure of whistleblowing S. 144-145

External procedure of whistleblowing S. 145-146

Exceptions S. 146

Prerequisites for granting protection S. 146-147

Penalties for making false and malicious allegations S. 147

Rights granted to whistleblowers S. 147-150

Protection of persons who suffered retaliation S. 150-151

Action against persons who engaged in retaliation S. 151

Conclusions S. 151-152

Accountability mechanism – OLAF reports S. 153-154

The Supervisory Committee S. 154-155

The European Parliament S. 155-156

The European Court of Auditors S. 156-159

Introduction – competences and procedure S. 159-161

Scope of the review of OLAF investigations by the European Ombudsman S. 161

Outcome of Ombudsman’s inquiries S. 161-164

Impact of the review of OLAF investigations by the European Ombudsman S. 164-165

Judicial supervision of OLAF’s actions – role of the European Community courts S. 165

Admissibility of the complaint S. 166-170

Merit of claim S. 170

Complaints for failure to act according to Article 232(3) EC Treaty S. 170-171

Legal protection before the national courts S. 175-176

Action for damages (Article 288 EC Treaty) S. 176-179

Complaint to the Director-General according to Article 90(2) of the Statute S. 179-180

Complaint to the European Union Civil Service Tribunal according to Article 236 EC Treaty in conjunction with Article 14 of Regulation (EC) No. 1073/99 and Article 90 of the Staff Regulations S. 180-182

Enlargement and acquis communautaire with regard to protection of EC financial interests against fraud S. 183-184

Preparation for accession S. 184-186

Problems within the new Member States S. 186-187

General remarks S. 188

Corpus Juris S. 188-191

Draft Article 280a EC Treaty S. 191-193

Commission Draft Directive of 23 May 2001 on protection of EU funds under criminal law S. 193-194

Green Paper on criminal-law protection of the financial interests of the Community S. 194-195

Constitutional Treaty S. 195-197

Reform of Regulation (EC) No. 1073/99 S. 197-199

Draft Commission Decision amending its Decision (1999/352/EC, ECSC, EURATOM) of 28 April 1999 establishing the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) S. 199-200

Charter of fundamental rights S. 200-201

Conclusions S. 202-204

Commentaries S. 205

Books S. 205-207

Articles S. 207-214

Books S. 215-218

Articles S. 218-226

Primary law instruments S. 227

EC Regulations S. 227-230

EC Directives S. 230

EC Decisions S. 230-232

EC Resolutions S. 232

Communications S. 232-233

Council documents S. 233

Legislative proposals S. 233-234

Other documents and materials S. 234-235

Reports of the European Commission S. 236-237

Reports of the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF) S. 237

Reports of the Supervisory Committee S. 237

Reports of the European Court of Auditors S. 237-238

Reports of the Committee of Independent Experts S. 238

Reports of the European Parliament S. 238-239

Reports of the European Ombudsman S. 239

Appendix E. List of parliamentary questions S. 240

Judgments of the European Court of Justice S. 241-245

Judgments of the Court of First Instance S. 245-247

Cases before the EU Civil Service Tribunal S. 247-248

Decisions and recommendations of the European Ombudsman S. 248

Appendix G. Press releases S. 249

Appendix H. Internet sources S. 250

doi.org/10.5771/9783845206615

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