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Selection of Public Servants into Politics

Thomas Brändle

Series: Neue Studien zur Politischen Ökonomie

Volume 12 2013

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Political sanctioning S. 17-18

„… Political sanctioningIn order to achieve good government, research in political economy has addressed …” „… offurther research questions will be pointed out.1 Two complementary views: sanctioning and selection1.1 …” „… control of politicians and thus the electoral sanctioning ofpoliticians since policy choices are better …”

The trade-off between conflicts of interest and competence S. 47-49

„… considered an (ex-ante) sanctioning device. Second,the same rules reduce conflicts of interest through their …” „… services with strict incompatibility owing to either its sanctioning effect, itseffect on political …”

Implications for constitutional choice S. 117-119

„… to either its sanctioning effect, its effect on political selection, or both. The U.S. Hatch Act …” „… via ex-ante sanctioning or viaselection, or via both channels. However, they simultaneously hinder a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Introduction 13II Economics of Political Selection 171 Two complementary views: sanctioning and selection 171.1 …” „… Political sanctioning 171.2 Political selection 182 Which institutions impact political selection? 202.1 Pay …”

Results S. 41-47

„… parliamentary seat. Theincompatibility rule can thus be considered an (ex-ante) sanctioning device. Second,the …” „… owing to either its sanctioning effect, itseffect on political selection, or both.However, a trade-off …”

Political selection S. 18-20

„… sanctioning ofpoliticians since policy choices are better individually attributable. The importance ofand the …”

Summary S. 115-117

„… to either its sanctioning effect, its effect on political selection, or both. The U.S. Hatch Act …”

Introduction S. 13-16

„… incompatibility rules, traditionally considered as (ex-ante)sanctioning instruments, and a broader set of related …”

References S. 121-134

„… Types versus Sanctioning Poor Performance. In: Adam Przeworski,Susan C. Stokes and Bernard Manin (eds …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845246437

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European Financial Services Law

Matthias Lehmann (ed.), Christoph Kumpan (ed.)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2019

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Article 28 b Sanctioning powers S. 1219-1222

„… Articles 9, 10, 12, 13 and13 a are included.Article 28 bSanctioning powers(1) In the case of breaches …” „… of such voting rights.II. Sanctioning powers for serious breachesArticle 28b(1) provides for a list …” „… of sanctioning powers that the NCAs of each Mem-ber States are to be granted for all breaches of the …”

Article 99 a Minimum sanctioning S. 1442-1444

„… ), (f) and (g)of paragraph 6.Commented below, see → Art 99 d.Article 99 aMinimum sanctioningMember …”

Article 28 c Exercise of sanctioning powers S. 1222-1223

„… a more stringent version of the sanction in theirnational laws.Article 28 cExercise of sanctioning …” „… Voting Rights: A Step Towards Deterrentand Consistent Sanctioning of EU Transparency Requirements?’ (2017 …” „… . PurposeArticle 28 c complements the ‘sanctions and measures’ Chapter VIA by prescribingthe way the sanctioning …”

Article 99 Sanctioning powers of competent authorities; minimum sanctions S. 1440-1442

„… d.Article 99 aMinimum sanctioningMember States shall ensure that their laws, regulations or administrative …” „… Sanctioning powers of competent authorities; minimum sanctions1. Without prejudice to the supervisory powers …”

Article 99 c Factors to be taken into account when sanctioning S. 1445

„… when sanctioning1. Member States shall ensure that when determining the type of administrativepenalties …”

Article 28 Administrative measures and sanctions S. 1216-1219

„… Committee of the Regions: Reinforcing SanctioningRegimes in the Financial Services Sector COM(2010) 716 …” „… infringing entity.BackgroundBefore 2013, the TD did not contain any significant sanctioning powers. There …” „… divergence of national sanction-ing regimes of Member States in relation to the TD, providing an exhaustive …”

Article 99 d Protection of whistleblowers S. 1445-1447

„… when sanctioning1. Member States shall ensure that when determining the type of administrativepenalties …” „… European har-monised sanctioning regime into the Directive. The harmonised sanctions regime shallensure the …” „… for regulatory arbitrage. The sanctioning modelfollows the example provided by European competition …”

Article 99 e Reporting of penalties to ESMA S. 1447-1448

„… authorities have drawn up a sanctioning method to justify the degree to which thesanctioning limits …” „… level of (severe) sanctioning. The absence of penalties may signal1.2.Chapter XII Provisions …” „… effective level of sanctioning from the perspective of theSingle Market. Given the wide impact such a notice …”

Article 25 Professional secrecy and cooperation between Member States S. 1208-1210

„… the exercise of their sanctioning and investigative powers, competent authoritiesshall cooperate to …” „… of investigating under Article 24(4 a) and sanctioning under Articles28-28 c, the NCAs are to …” „… sanctioning and investigating ac-tions.If an NCA refuses to cooperate or does not respond within a reasonable …”

Article 24 Competent authorities and their powers S. 1204-1208

„… .(4 b) Competent authorities shall exercise their sanctioning powers, in accordancewith this Directive …” „… b) specifieshow NCAs are to exercise their sanctioning powers under Articles 28-28 c.III …” „… competent authori-ties of other Member States.In the exercise of their sanctioning and investigative powers …”

Articles 32 to 41 S. 937-939

„… sanctioning regime as provided by MAR1 and CRIM-MAD2.3Competent authorities (Art 32)Each Member State is …” „… Commission’s Communication on reinforcing sanc-tioning regimes in the financial services sector of 2010,10 Art …”

Article 29 Publication of decisions S. 1223-1226

„… the sanctioning powers are exercised. In particular, it provides for a list of crite-ria which NCAs …” „… have to take into account.II. Sanctioning criteriaAs a starting point, when NCAs choose both the type …”

Article 2 Definitions S. 624-627

„… . The de Larosière report described the sanctioning regimes of the MemberStates as ‘in general weak and …” „… . Furthermore, pursuant to Art 1(4)(c),MAD 2014 requires the sanctioning of benchmark manipulation (Art 5(d)) as …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XLII

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 28 a 1219Sanctioning powers …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 28 b 1219Exercise of sanctioning powers …”

Article 1 Subject matter and scope S. 1099-1104

„… Deterrent and Consistent Sanctioning of EU Transparency Re-quirements?’ (2017) 14 European Company Law …” „… little more than vague general clauses, the revised text pro-vides for a detailed and rigid sanctioning …”

Article 28 a Breaches S. 1219

„… Articles 9, 10, 12, 13 and13 a are included.Article 28 bSanctioning powers(1) In the case of breaches …”

Index S. 1785-1803

„… – responsibility TD 7 6 et seq.– responsibility statement TD 4 14– sanctioning power TD 28b 1 et seq.– sanctions …” „… 7 6 et seq.– sanctioning power TD 28b 1 et seq.Half-yearly financial report TD 5 1 et seq.– 2013 …” „… .– responsibility statement TD 5 23– sanctioning power TD 28b 1 et seq.Hedging test EMIR 10 5High-frequency …”

Introduction S. 644-650

„… in-vestigative and sanctioning powers of regulators.40 Importantly, to address the observa-tions made by the de …” „… Accordingly,there is no uniformly applicable sanctioning regime for market abuse, but the MarketAbuse Directive 2014 …”

Article 98 Powers of competent authorities; inquiry rights S. 1439-1440

„… used if the constitutional law of the country in question permitssuch use.1Article 99Sanctioning powers …”

Article 99 b Name and shame S. 1444-1445

„… → Art 99 d.Article 99 cFactors to be taken into account when sanctioning1. Member States shall ensure …”

Article 100 Consumer complaints and alternative dispute resolution S. 1448-1449

„… to ensure an effective level of sanctioning from the perspective of theSingle Market. Given the wide …”

Article 31 Exercise of supervisory powers and imposition of sanctions S. 863-865

„… , amount, addressees, etc.) and to align their re-spective sanctioning strategies wherever appropriate …”

Article 34 S. 1097-1099

„… Deterrent and Consistent Sanctioning of EU Transparency Re-quirements?’ (2017) 14 European Company Law …”

Article 7 Responsibility and liability S. 1135-1137

„… apply to them. This has to be seen together with thenew sanctioning powers required by Chapter VIA …”

Article 108 Delineation of supervisory powers S. 1460-1462

„… supervision comprises sanc-tioning powers, certain serious sanctions must be immediately reported to all …”

Articles 42 to 48 S. 939-941

„… SSR.Penalties (Art 41)Against the background of the Commission’s Communication on reinforcing sanc-tioning …”

Article 9 Sanctions for legal persons S. 637-640

„… sanctioning regime applicable to legal persons.2 However, where nationallaw provides for such liability …”

Article 6 Report on payments to governments S. 1131-1135

„… to be seen together with thenew sanctioning powers required by Chapter VIA (→ Art 28-28 …”

Articles 27 to 31 S. 934-937

„… utile, as was common practise in the past, andthe adoption of an elaborate sanctioning regime as …”

Article 35 Establishment of a branch S. 227-233

„… information to the host NCA that isfirst in charge of sanctioning. Only where the host NCA remains inactive …”

Article 30 Administrative sanctions and other administrative measures S. 852-863

„… and administrative sanctions based on the sanction-ing body: administrative sanctions are those …”

Article 17 Algorithmic trading S. 120-134

„… provision orreception of fees, commissions or any monetary or non-monetary benefits.SanctioningSee comments …”

Article 8 Insider dealing S. 692-705

„… the effective sanctioning of insiderdealing if the prohibition only applied when it could be shown …”

Article 16 Organisational requirements S. 65-120

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 639. Sanctioning …”

Article 12 Market manipulation S. 730-756

„… Shedlock, 7 November2013, SAN-2013-24, sanctioning a former university professor in finance for alleging in …”

Article 26 Cooperation with third countries S. 846-849

„… prosecution or sanctioningof a person or entity in one country may spoil the secrecy of an investigation being …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845279893

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Nonlegal Sanctioning in Private Legal Systems

Jos van Doormaal

Series: Wirtschaftsrecht und Wirtschaftspolitik

Volume 306 2021

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-24

„… sanctioningII. 75 Blacklisting1. 75 Withdrawing membership2. 76 Denying membership for expelled members on the …” „… private enforcement/nonlegal sanctioningIII. 78 Table of Contents 8 The Diamond Dealers ClubC. 79 …” „… sanctioningII. 89 Blacklisting1. 89 Withdrawing membership2. 90 Rationale for private enforcement/nonlegal …”

Introduction S. 25-34

„… regard to the US legal system, nonlegal sanctioning “can” make all three actors liable under Section 1 of …” „… of the Sherman Act when extrajudicial sanctioning classifies, as an illegal monopoly, an anti- 8 For …” „… – non-members engaged in nonlegal sanctioning can infringe Article 101 TFEU if such measures classify as …”

Part I: Framework and Research Question S. 35-186

„… . Hence, according to Lanni, the deterrent effect of social sanctioning, in particular, reputational loss …” „… ” Especially in the last years of the Roman Republic, nonlegal sanctioning was used by politicians when they …” „… sanctioning.59 Examples can be found in some present-day industries that are described in Chapter 2 (Paragraph …”

Part IV: Summary, Conclusions and Best Practice Guidelines S. 429-474

„… the Roman Empire,1228 Lex Mercatoria in Middle Ages,1229 and the nonlegal sanctioning of disloyal …” „… associations researched Before a statement on the limits of nonlegal sanctioning and the introduction of the …” „… explain why extrajudicial sanctioning is a better option for the first group of trade associations relates …”

Part II: Study of US Antitrust Law S. 187-282

„… non-members can be held accountable for their participation in the practice of nonlegal sanctioning under …” „… regard to nonlegal sanctioning pursuant to Section 1 of the Sherman Act can be better scrutinized rather …” „… actors involved in nonlegal sanctioning must qualify as a corporation or individual (Paragraph B). Second …”

Part III: Study of EU Competition Law S. 283-428

„… imposition of nonlegal sanctioning and their members and non-members for their role in the execution of those …” „… their services (including nonlegal sanctioning to ensure the operability of specialized commercial …” „… Antitrust Law has demonstrated, the effect of nonlegal sanctioning on targeted wrongdoers can result in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748926245

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Community Justice

David R. Karp (ed.)

1998

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V. COMMUNITY PROSECUTION AND SANCTIONING S. 251-370

doi.org/10.5771/9780742574441

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Economic Freedom and Market Regulation

Robert Grzeszczak (ed.)

Series: German and European Studies of the Willy Brandt Center at the Wroclaw University

Volume 10 2020

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Artur Szmigielski Chapter 6: Limits of investigative and sanctioning powers of competition authorities S. 149-166

„… Limits of investigative and sanctioning powers of competition authorities Artur Szmigielski Key …” „… in‐ vestigative and sanctioning powers of NCAs will be harmonised at EU level. On the one hand, the …” „… internal market, OJ L 11, 14.1.2019, pp. 3–33 (hereinafter: “ECN+ Directive”). 149 tigative and sanctioning …”

Robert Grzeszczak Introduction S. 7-24

„… lim‐ its on the investigative and sanctioning powers of competition authorities such as power to …” „… before market regulators. These authorities have a number of inquisitive, judicial, and sanctioning …” „… next chapter, Artur Szmigielski presents the limits of investigation and sanctioning powers of …”

Michalina Szpyrka Chapter 5: The importance of fines in the market regulation process citing the example of the Polish telecommunications market S. 133-148

„… to the inquisitorial and sanctioning powers of public administration bodies (Bernatt, 2011:27). The …” „… fines (far-reaching powers of the regulator in terms of investiga‐ tion, decision-making and sanctioning …” „… inquisi‐ tory, decision-making and sanctioning powers, which makes the en‐ trepreneur a weaker party …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… of investigative and sanctioning powers of competition authorities Chapter 6: 149 Artur Szmigielski …”

Tomasz Klemt Chapter 3: Methods and tools of regulating markets from a praxeological perspective S. 69-100

„… addition, it is important that sanctioning proce‐ dures are implemented faster. Mediation is considered a …”

Michał Dorociak Chapter 4: Regulatory authorities’ interference in contractual relationships S. 101-132

„… interfere in contractual relations. He proposed the intro‐ duction of a sanctioning procedure that is …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748908463

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