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Protection of Non-Professional Sureties in Europe: Formal and Substantive Disparity

Aurelia Colombi Ciacchi (ed.)

Series: Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen (ZERP)

Volume 49 2007

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Aurelia Colombi Ciacchi Formal and Substantive Disparity in European Suretyship Law: A Comparative Summary S. 383-396

„… good faith. However, since the end of the 1980s the room left to this judge-made protection became …” „… unfair personal guarantees. According to Scottish case law, the principle of good faith requires the …” „… of good faith. Unlike in England, in Scotland it is still the vulnerable guarantor who bears the …”

Sophie Vigneron France, Belgium and the Netherlands S. 103-153

„… , the problem with the concept of good faith in surety agreements is that the credit institution does …” „… performance.16 That is the reason why good faith is linked to the tortious liability of section 1382 of the …” „… creates a significant imbalance in the parties’ rights and obligations. The condition of good faith has …”

Gina Gioia Italy, Portugal and Slovenia S. 215-259

„… privato 797. 26 The good faith of the weak surety, alike the protection for the consumer, does not affect …” „… faith. Good faith at the pre-contractual stage,25 under Article 1337 of the Italian Civil Code, in …” „… obligation (Nebenpflichten), is rooted in the principle of supplementing good faith (C. Castronovo, headword …”

Gerard McCormack England, Scotland and Ireland S. 153-215

„… price reasonably obtainable at the time of sale, but not lack of good faith on the part of the creditor …” „… unfair and, more generally, an unfair term is one which contrary to the requirements of good faith …” „… C.N. Yin, On the Nature of Undue Influence, in J. Beatson & D. Friedman (eds.), Good Faith and Fault …”

Mel Kenny The Uncommon Core of European Suretyship Law S. 361-383

„… immorality and good faith between creditor and surety to ensure such protection.36 The prevalence of …” „… basis of good faith.56 Importantly, the ‘reasonable steps’ are only incumbent on …” „… that… he acts throughout in good faith. So far as the substance of those Kenny 376 the creditor when …”

Annina H. Persson The Nordic Countries S. 259-340

„… Nordic Case Law – The Principle of Good Faith (Fair Dealing) and the General Clause of Unreasonableness …” „… Reasonableness (Good Faith) in Contractual Relations 322 E. Restriction of the Guaranteed Obligation (Main …” „… 259 Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Iceland Annina H. Persson∗ Protection of Non-Professional …”

Peter Rott Germany and Austria S. 51-103

„… the Protection of Guarantors 63 a) Pactum de Non Petendo 63 b) Good Faith 63 c) Frustration …” „… courts have to afford such protection through the general clauses of immorality, § 138 BGB, and of good …” „… with the doctrine of breach of good faith, § 242 BGB. It held that a bank acted in a contradictory …”

Christoph U. Schmid Private Suretyships as a Socio-Legal Crucible of Modern Civil Law S. 21-43

„… and 138 BGB) and good faith (§ 242 BGB). Other examples from contract law include judicial review of …” „… basic principle of good faith (“Treu und Glauben”) comes, above all, the general clause of immorality …” „… case“; it concerns the basic private law problem of the coordination of freedom and social protection …”

Ulrich Drobnig Proposed European Rules on Surety Protection S. 341-360

„… first is the general obligation of each contracting party to act in accordance with good faith and fair …” „… requirements of good faith and fair dealing been followed”.6 However, not only the weak party, but also the …” „… protection since this is based not only upon a number of specific rules but, in addition, also upon certain …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845205366

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EU-Grundrechte und Privatrecht

Bettina Heiderhoff (ed.), Sebastian Lohsse (ed.), Reiner Schulze (ed.)

Series: Europäisches Privatrecht

Volume 47 2016

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Edoardo Ferrante Transparency of Standard Terms as a Fundamental Right of European Law S. 115-132

„… ’44. Thus, as well as pre-contractual good faith differs from transparency of standard contracts …” „… in the context of unilaterally drafted terms, interpretative good faith is most of all a synonym for …” „… . The European ‘Constitutionalization’ of Consumer Protection EU primary law, including the Treaties …”

David Ramos Muñoz Fundamental Rights and Private Law – A Blueprint for Analysis with Spanish Eyes S. 227-272

„… practice, it may not differ much from the interpretation of opentextured concepts, such as good faith. Yet …” „… expectations’ of the parties, good faith, and venire contra factum proprium. 93 See e.g. Art. 35(2 …” „… decisions by the Constitutional Court arising from the specific protection device of amparo, the procedural …”

Rafaël Jafferali The Horizontal Effect of Human Rights: A Typology of the Methods of Reasoning Applied by Belgian Courts S. 147-166

„… concepts, such as fault, public policy, good faith, abuse of right, etc., represent a useful tool because …” „… rights involved has waived the protection of the law. It seems therefore justified to include this …” „… thus offers some illustrations of the possibility to waive the (horizontal) protection of human rights …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845275062

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CETA Investment Law

Marc Bungenberg (ed.), August Reinisch (ed.)

2022

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Marc Bungenberg, Andrés E. Alvarado Garzón Article 8.17 Formal requirements S. 417-433

„… to the substantive standards of protection set forth in theTreaty.Equitable and Good Faith …” „… equitable and good faith application of its laws.Similar provisions in other EU Treaties: Article 11 ‘Formal …” „… Good Faith Application of its Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49E. Conclusions …”

Ursula Kriebaum Article 8.12 Expropriation S. 297-336

„… treatment standard:Having considered recent investment case law and the good faith principle of …” „… Rights);EU-Singapore Investment Protection Agreement.Bibliography: George Aldrich, The Jurisprudence of the Iran–United …” „… Verstaatlichung’ (1985) 35 ÖZÖR,265; Alexei Barbuk, ‘The NAFTA Chapter 11 Arbitration and Protection of Legitimate …”

N. Jansen Calamita Article 8.37 Information sharing S. 808-812

„… overriding obligation of good faith.Article 8.37(1) further requires the disputing Party that shares …” „… discretion under Article 8.37(1) should still be subject to anoverriding obligation of good faith.Although …” „… Protection Agreement (FIPA).4Although formal negotiation of investment disciplines and investor-state …”

Index S. 979-994

„… 8.31 4979– domestic law, exclusion of 8.31 4– drafting history 8.31 45 ff.– equitable and good faith …” „… 8.31 53– scope, decision on the merits 8.31 50– scope, interim measures of protection8.31 52– scope …” „… .– confidentiality 8.17 37– confidentiality, duty of 8.17 43– Mobil Investments Canada 8.1 82– protection of 8.17 …”

Patricia Nacimiento Article 8.13 Transfers S. 337-359

„… noted that all of these provisions (except for the Dutch Model BIT)contain a ‘good faith’ obligation to …” „… restriction on transfers, its laws relating to:(a) bankruptcy, insolvency or the protection of the rights of …” „… Treaties’, in August Reinisch (ed), Standards of Invest-ment Protection (1st edn, Oxford University Press …”

Stefanie Schacherer Article 8.9 Investment and regulatory measures S. 236-255

„… or the promotion and protection of cultural diversity.2. For greater certainty, the mere fact that a …” „… réaffirmation de l’État ? – The protection of foreign investments: areaffirmation of the State?: Actes du …” „… refer more specifically to Section D on ‘Investment Protection’.4 Being the firstprovision of Section D …”

Patrick Dumberry Article 8.10 Treatment of investors and of covered investments S. 256-276

„… Standard of International Investment Protection: Fair and Equitable Treatment (KluwerLaw International …” „… NAFTA Article 1105’(2014) 15 JWIT, 117; Patrick Dumberry, ‘The Protection of Investors’ Legitimate …” „… invest-ments of investors two types of substantive protections: the ‘fair and equitable treat-ment’ (FET …”

Julian Scheu Article 8.31 Applicable law and interpretation S. 704-737

„… , International Protection of Investments: TheSubstantive Standards (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2020 …” „… this context, a good faith interpretationof Article 8.31-1 must conclude that the relationship between …” „… Canada and the Govern-ment of the Republic of Moldova for the Promotion and Protection of Investments.20 …”

Marc Bungenberg, Afolabi Adekemi Article 8.18 CETA (Scope) S. 434-484

„… ofCapital?: Transatlantic Investment Protection as the Institutionalization of Unjustified Privilege’ (2015 …” „… Protection as the Institutionalization of Un-justified Privilege’ (2015), 1 ff., available at: https://intr2 …” „… , both the States and Investors have a higher degree of certainty asto the judicial protection afforded …”

Marc Bungenberg, Angshuman Hazarika Article 8.1 Definitions S. 43-113

„… , the arbitral tribunal has the power to conduct a good faith test to determinethe purpose of any …” „… , rights in relation to protection of undisclosedinformation, and plant breeders' rights; and, if such …” „… interim measures of protection (Article8.34).CommentaryThe meaning of the term attachment is particularly …”

Herman Verbist Article 8.20 Mediation S. 485-519

„… any stage of the dispute tofacilitate its amicable solution and to consider the good offices of the …” „… ongoing between the two sides for a potentialagreement on the protection of investments112, but it …” „… (c).3. The mediator is appointed by agreement of the disputing parties. The disputingparties may also …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748902133

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Übertragung von Immobilienrechten im internationalen Vergleich

Mathias Schmoeckel (ed.)

Series: Schriften zum Notarrecht

Volume 52 2018

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Vincent Nossek Transfer of Real Property Rights in Germany S. 113-132

„… Nossek 118 cc) Second Principle: Publicity or open LR and good faith protection The principle of …” „… . The good faith protection affects the LR’s mode of action. In case the entries on the LR are subject …” „… , when he relied on the accuracy of the LR.53 A good faith protection was arranged. The LR was open to …”

Arzu Oğuz Transfer of Property in Turkish Law S. 133-156

„… of Acquisition of any Person relying in Good Faith on the Land Register Although the Entry is …” „… Unwarranted Under Art. 1023 of TCC, „Any person who, relying in good faith on an entry in the land register …” „… The assertion of the lack of form can conflict with the principle of good faith laid down in Art. 2 …”

Kenneth G. C. Reid Transfer of Immovable Property in Scotland S. 209-242

„… title sheet cannot affect a person who acquires the property in good faith.69 A small number of real …” „… is the principle of reliability of the register in a question with good-faith acquirers; for if …” „… good-faith third parties to proceed as if it were not.84 In the language often used of the Tor …”

Dirk Heirbaut The transfer of real property in Belgium in the context of European harmonisation S. 49-66

„… theory of apparent ownership in order to protect third parties in good faith.83 Belgium, however, has …” „… Salomons/Bram Akkermans (ed.), The future of European property law, 2012, p. 47 (64). 22 For a good …” „… ownership of goods, in: Vincent Sagaert/Matthias Storme/Evelyn Terryn (ed.), The Draft Common Frame of …”

Gerald Kohl The Austrian land register – history, principles, perspectives S. 93-112

„… good faith could trust in the accuracy of the land register. Later this was celebrated as „the …” „… other side of the inspection right“ („Kehrseite zum Einsichtsrecht“). The requirement of good faith …” „… , like the diversity of the legal foundations34, the lack of public faith, which was caused by the lack …”

Heikki Pihlajamäki Land Registers and Conveyancing in Finnish Legal History S. 193-208

„… countries is based on good faith: only the one who did not know and should not have known of a deficiency …” „… , in which Herman Fleming sells parts of his goods Sundholm to Elsa Leijonhufvud in 1760, in the …” „… . I. Research questions and the structure of the article The law of real property is hardly one of …”

Jennifer Anderson, Helge Dedek Landholding and Conveyancing in the Canadian Province of Ontario S. 11-48

„… failure by the mortgagor to keep the property in a good state of repair. It is of course in the nature …” „… rescission clause must not have been reckless in entering the agreement and must show good faith efforts to …” „… 11 Landholding and Conveyancing in the Canadian Province of Ontario Jennifer Anderson, B.A. (Hon …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845289410

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The General Rules of Chinese Civil Law

Thomas M.J. Möllers (ed.), Hao Li (ed.)

Series: Augsburger Rechtsstudien

Volume 87 2018

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Hao Li The Codification of Chinese Civil Law: Innovations and Controversies S. 17-50

„… Voluntariness, Fairness and Good Faith 25 (ii) Art. 7. The Principle of Public Order and Good Morals 26 b …” „… personality rights 34 d) The protection of Good Samaritans 35 4. Amendments concerning limitation periods …” „… are the principles of voluntariness, fairness and good faith (Art. 4), and the principle of public …”

Thomas M.J. Möllers Principles in Chinese Civil Code S. 55-88

„… good faith. It was originally codified in section 4 GPCL and followed the German “good faith” of …” „… section 242 BGB. In Chinese law applying the principle of good faith is treated with respect because its …” „… substantiated in Chinese law. The principle of good faith according to section 7 GRCL is substantiated by …”

Jieqiong Li Civil Liability Provisions in the General Rules of Civil Law S. 271-294

„… completely. Since it is an urgent business to restore helping behavior and good faith in view of the …” „… , self-defense, emergency avoidance of danger, liability concerning brave actions for just causes, Good Samaritan …” „… chapter of civil liability of the GRCL focuses more on the protection of private rights. The chapter on …”

Thomas M.J. Möllers, Hao Li Introduction S. 9-16

„… be considered. In addition, individual concepts, habits and the principle of good faith are to be …” „… socialist morals (see for example the protection of heroes and martyrs in section 185 GRCL). Li also draws …” „… amount comparable to that which is exported by China. Being aware of its global influence, the 12th …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845291109

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