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Researches in European Private Law and Beyond

André Janssen (ed.), Hans Schulte-Nölke (ed.)

2020

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Geraint Howells Safety Expectations as the Basis of Product Liability S. 91-106

„… Safety Expectations as the Basis of Product Liability Geraint Howells Working out the defectiveness …” „… provides that a product is defective if it does not provide the safety which a person is entitled to expect …” „… expectations of safety to an extent beyond that normally achievable by such products and that heightened …”

Francesco Paolo Patti Machine Learning and European Product Liability S. 107-124

„… Liability Directive of 1985 a product is defective when it does not provide the safety which a person is …” „… . 11) 107–108, arguing that also for AI products a reasonable expectation about the safety can be …” „… absence of clear rules concerning the safety expectations in product liability,65 the theory has gained …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Private Law of the Digital Economy? - Trends 65 Dirk Staudenmayer Safety Expectations as the Basis of …” „… Product Liability 91 Geraint Howells Machine Learning and European Product Liability 107 Francesco Paolo …”

Dirk Staudenmayer Towards a European Private Law of the Digital Economy? - Trends S. 65-90

„… orientations for, the liability and safety frameworks for Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things and …” „… provisions of the Product Liability Directive 85/374/EEC (PLD) and assess the extent to which the provisions …” „… quintillion12 bytes. Data as Counter-performance The Digital Economy has led to the appearance of new products …”

Barbara Pasa Legal Translation Within the EU and the Shift of National Legal Paradigms S. 193-218

„… , translation is also a “product”, which bears a relationship of proximity, or distance from the source text and …” „… . 1 The present Chapter is the product of a collaborative research developed with Lucia Morra …” „… language of safety, quality of life, environment, danger, risk, justice with the same “feeling of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845298467

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Physical Hazard Control

Frank R. Spellman

2023

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Product Safety Management and OSHA Compliance S. 213-224

doi.org/10.5771/9781641434560

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Food Security, Food Safety, Food Quality

Ines Härtel (ed.), Roman Budzinowski (ed.)

Series: Forum Umwelt-, Agrar- und Klimaschutzrecht

Volume 8 2016

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Anne-Kristin Mayer § 16 The regulation of endocrine disruptors in plant protection products – a hazard for food safety? S. 197-208

„… The regulation of endocrine disruptors in plant protection products – a hazard for food safety …” „… substances in plant protection products.2 The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) defines endocrine active …” „… ? Anne-Kristin Mayer Introduction Plant protection products play an important role in agriculture and society as …”

Adam Zielinski § 3 The role of the European Food Safety Authority in shaping the safety and quality of food S. 47-58

„… direct or indirect impact on the safety of food and feed products, as well as related issues in the area …” „… monitoring of its products. In the end, the main concern is, after all, safety – each foodstuff available on …” „… set of “food safety”. Food products that then meet the “minimum standards” and certain features can be …”

Katarzyna Leśkiewicz § 4 Legal aspects of the concept of food and of production methods S. 59-70

„… that, in accordance with the Act on the safety of food, only a safe product can be put on the market …” „… products supporting treatment, diet, human development and so on. 20 Law on food safety and nutrition of 25 …” „… Food Safety of Products Obtained from those Animals’ (2012) 10(7):2794 EFSA Journal Summary, 18 …”

Aneta Suchoň § 19 The participation and significance of cooperatives in food supply chains – selected legal issues S. 233-244

„… given product (e.g. a dairy cooperative). Working together helps farmers to increase their …” „… . 233 consumers’ knowledge of agricultural products4. Associating as agricultural producers and engaging …” „… in further stages of the food chain are also important in terms of ensuring food safety. The safety …”

Anna Kapała § 17 Short food supply chains in the EU Law S. 209-222

„… subject to its rules.38 Member States shall establish national rules to ensure the safety of such products …” „… agricultural products: a reinforced value-added European strategy for promoting the tastes of Europe’ COM (2011 …” „… impact of their consumption habits and access a wide variety of products rooted in their traditions and …”

Agnieszka Szymecka-Wesołowska § 7 Responsibility of the distributor for food labelling – a revolution? S. 91-102

„… law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority and laying down procedures in matters of food …” „… safety [2002] OJ L 31/1. 4 More on this issue see for example, Antonio Sciaudone, ‘Responsibilities of …” „… participation of entities dealing with retail sales or distribution not related to packaging, labelling, safety …”

Christian Thomas § 5 Requirements for the safety of food commodities S. 71-78

„… only food commodity. Food commodities are at the interface between product safety and food law. In the …” „… , the Produktsicherheitsgesetz (ProdSG) (Product Safety Act) contains provisions on consumer goods …” „… labelled in this way due to the proximity of applicability to the Product Safety Act.15 Legislative …”

Elisa Aust § 21 Facilitations and difficulties in the development of common food safety standards – Codex Alimentarius and TTIP S. 257-270

„… reduced, for example, by the mutual recognition of different product and food safety standards as …” „… in questions of food safety26. The sole competence depends on the product. There is no institutional …” „… difficulties in the development of common food safety standards – Codex Alimentarius and TTIP Elisa Aust …”

Krzysztof Różański § 9 Food safety and food security in the light of the European Court of Justice judgment concerning the presence of GMO`s pollen in honey and its influence on the Honey Directive and relevant existing legislation S. 115-126

„… Food safety and food security in the light of the European Court of Justice judgment concerning the …” „… plants, the pollination of crops as well as medicine using bees' products (the so called “apitherapy”)2 …” „… . On the other hand, the benefits derive also from products harvested from bees such as beeswax, pollen …”

Łukasz Mikołaj Sokołowski § 10 New regulation on Novel Foods S. 127-140

„… undergo a single safety assessment. Ensuring the safety of novel foods should be understood as meaning …” „… announced in the White Paper on Food Safety5 that the procedure for authorising the marketing of novel foods …” „… Safety on 25 June 2015, parliamentarians voted by a majority to support the Draft Regulation on novel …”

Izabela Lipińska § 15 Contractual relations on the EU agricultural market in the context of food security and production risk S. 187-196

„… products. It relates to contractual relations between, among others, agricultural producers, purchasing …” „… the main goals of the EU policy, i.e. ensuring the safety of food. It is a very broad concept and may …” „… internal market which fulfils food needs of consumers (safety of supplies). Secondly, it is closely …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… protection products – a hazard for food safety? § 16 197 Anne-Kristin Mayer Short food supply chains in the …” „… Food Security, Food Safety, Food Quality Ines Härtel/Roman Budzinowski (eds.) Current Developments …” „… 14.09.16 09:01 Ines Härtel/Roman Budzinowski (eds.) Food Security, Food Safety, Food Quality Current …”

Roman Budzinowski § 2 Food-related challenges of the Common Agricultural Policy in the context of the development of agricultural law S. 35-46

„… safety of agricultural products, and their quality. Thus, also due to the international conditions and …” „… safety15, as well as ensuring a high nutritious value of agricultural products should continue to …” „… should ensure food security and food safety, and should support the quality of agricultural products as …”

Malte Wilhelm § 22 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the influence on food industry S. 271-282

„… improve the company´s reputation and create valuable long term confidence in product safety.2 One of the …” „… most popular methods used to precisely convey this form of product safety and quality is Corporate …” „… product safety, which can mean a product be consumed without hesitation. It is not surprising that …”

Christina A. Flaskühler § 6 Patents on food – important questions in a world of radical changes S. 79-90

„… problems in terms of food safety and food security2 because large multinational corporations in the food …” „… or products obtained thereby, or at a Muragenese, that means there is a method in which a spontaneous …” „… take the method of breeding but also the product itself. In the opposition procedure, it was decided …”

Johanna Monien § 8 The New Opt-Out Rule – new challenges in the legal multi-level system of the usage of GMOs S. 103-114

„… “provisionally restrict or prohibit the use and/or sale of that GMO as or in a product on its territory” (Article …” „… of GMO presence in other products without prejudice to Article 26 a; (f) agricultural policy …” „… or the need to avoid GMO presence in other products such as specific or particular products or the …”

Mathias Olbrisch § 11 Health Claims – challenges and chances for management decisions in food industry S. 141-152

„… business operators in nutrition economy and, on the other hand, a chance to improve the amount of product …” „… sales, if a product is allowed to be promoted with Health or Nutrition Claims. And, the consumer can …” „… rely on the product which has to keep the advertised properties. For this reason, the following article …”

Mathias Olbrisch § 18 Organic Farming 3.0 – towards a process of legal change S. 223-232

„… threshold values for conventional products would be able to ensure food safety sufficiently.10 These …” „… ) 834/2007 on organic production and labelling of organic products and repealing Regulation (EEC) No 2029/91 …” „… against the planning of the EU-Commission to establish a contamination threshold for organic products …”

Ines Härtel § 1 The Right to Food – normative references in the multi-level system S. 13-34

„… such as, for example, food safety. This applies not only for the European Union and her Member States …” „… with demand’. 18 ‘10. Free from adverse substances sets requirements for food safety and for a range of …” „… women's rights, transparency, participation, the establishing of food safety and consumer protection …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845273334

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Produktsicherheit und Marktüberwachung im Ostseeraum

Hans-W. Micklitz, Thomas Roethe

Series: Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Europäisches Wirtschafts- und Verbraucherrecht e.V.

Volume 26 2008

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Finnland S. 93-115

„… ..................................................... 96 b) The Authorities supervising the field of product safety in Finland ........................ 97 …” „… introduction to the issue of product safety in Finland and more specifically to the procedure and …” „… regarding product safety have a fairly narrow scope and the case law regarding product safety is next to …”

Dänemark S. 65-79

„… where state liability has been imposed in relation to product safety.Søren Sandfeld Jakobsen 78The …” „… ............................................................................................... 74 c) Conclusion regarding State liability in relation to product safety …” „… , general rules on product safety are found in the Product Safety Act (Act No. 364 of 18 May 1994 with later …”

Schweden S. 191-209

„… ............................................................................................................................... 207 C. Country reports Chapter 9: Sweden I. Overview In 1988 an act on Product Safety (1988:1604) was …” „… of 1988 was replaced by a new Product Safety Act (2004:451) (the “PSA”). The PSA entered into force …” „… supplemented by the Product Safety Ordinance (2004:451) (“the PSO”).Jessika van der Sluijs192According to …”

Norwegen S. 149-171

„… . 102 of the Agreement). Indeed, this was the case with the Product Safety Directives 92/59/EC and …” „… regime In Norway, general rules on product safety are found in the Act on Control with Products and …” „… , more detailed sector specific rules on product safety exist in a substantial number of areas, e.g …”

Polen S. 171-191

„… relevant measures implementing the General Product Safety Directive (GPSD) by Baker & McKenzie, ist auch …” „… keine offizielle Übersetzung des Gesetzes. 3 Article 1: “The Act lays down the general product safety …” „… requirements, determines the obligations of producers and distributors relating to the product safety, and lays …”

Estland S. 79-93

„… tatbestandlichen Voraussetzungen sind ungeklärt. IV. Summary The practice on product safety has been relatively …” „… short in Estonia, both regarding implementation of general principles of product safety as well as …” „… regarding the relevant case law. The Estonian product safety regulation is generally in compliance with the …”

Deutschland S. 43-65

„… Safety of Appliances and Products – (Geräte- und Produktsicherheitsgesetz – GPSG) give proof to a …” „… old § 8 s. 2 of the German Law on Product Safety – Produktsicherheitsgesetz); now, it suffices if …” „… precautionary principle in European and German product safety law. The difference lies more in the practical …”

Litauen S. 131-149

„… hand. The most important legal instrument is the Lithuanian Law on Product Safety, which is …” „… conformance with product safety provisions: the Non-Food Inspection under the Ministry of Economy and the …” „… public warning, in case of a danger for health or in case the product does not comply with the safety …”

Lettland S. 115-131

„… regulation in the field of product safety is regularly adjusted to the European law. The central legal act in …” „… this sphere is the Latvian Law on the Safety of Products and Services, which is in conformity with the …” „… of the safety of goods, the Latvian law distinguishes between products and services. A fully …”

Vergleich EG / Länder S. 209-222

„… Kein Entschliessungsermessen, aber AuswahlermessenDänemark Product Safety Act as amended 2003/1170 …” „… TechnicalSafety Council = part of Ministry of Economic and Business Affairs§ 14 informing the public Product or …” „… nur im Bereich der HerstellerwarnungSchweden Product Safety Act 2004:451 Consumer AgencySections 7 and …”

Ergebnisse und Schlussbemerkung S. 281-298

„… Consumer Product Safety Act gefolgt, und haben eine eigenständige, auf den Bereich des Konsumentenschutz …” „… . Selbst die revidierte Richtlinie 2001/95/EG bleibt hinter dem Consumer Product Safety Act zurück, ganz zu …” „… Agentur geführte Marktaufsicht – die Consumer Product Safety Commission und der privaten …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845206943

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Rechtsvergleichende Untersuchung des Verbraucherinformationsrechts

Thomas Pfeiffer (ed.)

Series: Privatrecht - Wirtschaftsrecht - Verfahrensrecht

Volume 4 2013

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: Länderbericht der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika S. 387-434

„… defective if the absence of such warning labels or safety instructions causes accidental injury. Product …” „… wrongful death. 3. In product-liability (tort) law, a product or a product sold without adequate safety …” „… government regulation of product safety. See Mark P. Robinson Jr., Kevin F. Calcagnie, (»Product Liability: A …”

: Länderbericht Belgien S. 105-152

„… on the protection of consumers of food and other products (see below 2.4). 2.3 Safety of products …” „… and services Article 7 § 1 of the Law on the safety of products and services, defining the general …” „… safety requirement for products and services, provides for a general information obligation within the …”

: Länderbericht Irland S. 323-386

„… generally on food recalls: The Food Safety Authority »Guidance Note No.10 Product Recall and Traceability …” „… does also include specific information such as safety warnings and information on product recalls. On …” „… on the market to ensure their safety and efficacy. Before a medicinal product can be authorised for …”

: Länderbericht Schweden S. 213-254

„… value on the market. Safety information as to potentially hazardous products is of course of vital …” „… 214 The backbone of the Swedish product safety system is found in the public law rules the of …” „… Product Safety Act of 2004 (hereafter PSA).423 PSA is an implementation of Directive 2001/95/EC on …”

: Länderbericht Dänemark S. 203-212

„… maintainability.« 6.2. Also The Product Safety Act390 § 9(1),1st sentence, lays down af general duty for …” „… of the rare examples of court rulings concerning the Product Safety Act (Produktsikkerhedsloven) is …” „… because of the competition. Furthermore, according to The Product Safety Act (lov om produktsikkerhed)395 …”

: Länderbericht Großbritannien S. 255-322

„… (OFT/390 (2008) 3d) (see below on OFT). 5. Consumer Protection Product Safety Under Regulation 7 …” „… of the General Product Safety Regulations 2005 SI 1803/2005 (implementing Directive 2001/95 EC) a …” „… Verbraucherinformationsrechts Birkinshaw 266 These Regulations impose requirements concerning the safety of products intended …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… Specific provisions in the LCPC 109  2.2 Royal Decrees based on the LCPC 109  2.3 Safety of products and …” „… . Mandatory Labelling of Medical Substances 375 15 c. General Product Safety 376  (1) The General …” „… Product Safety Directive 376  (2) Children’s Toys 377  (3) The Consumer Protection Act 2007 377  (4 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845236339

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