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Birth of Modern Facts

James W. Cortada

2023

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9 Contributions of Political Scientists and Historians to Modern Information S. 249-276

„… scientists—that came later. But, opinion polling was such a part of the American political landscape that it …” „… to any political scientist.Information was initially presented in small and large tables, soon too as …” „… Political Scientists and Historians to Modern Information250 Chapter 9associations, books, certification …”

Preface S. i-xvi

„… , computer scientists, historians, politi-cal scientists, and others to help launch a new form of …” „… journey documenting society’s experience through its disciplines (e.g., scientists, economists, political …” „… participants in the conversation—economists—and in chapter 8, the work of political scientists and historians …”

5 Mathematicians and Statisticians Create New Tools S. 129-152

„… happened. As one scientist explained, “The basic reason for such a requirement is to make the measurement …” „… and scientists, even if these were small communities within larger populations. The work of such tiny …” „… , Western scientists have viewed mathematics as a useful way of describing it. The case for thinking of …”

1 Defining Information in Modern Times S. 1-26

„… never happened. After the shock of what had just transpired sunk in, it seemed political leaders in …” „… ) spoke of scientists working through the prism of a paradigm, a worldview that was real and relevant to …” „… birds and bees did too, but now using “scientific evidence” scientists confirmed that belief.7 We now …”

8 What Information Economists Created S. 213-248

„… War II management. OR also came out of what scientists and economists had been studying since at least …” „… the days of Adam Smith in the eighteenth century. OR, economics, political science, and most recently …” „… evolution of prices. They try, like scientists, to identify laws, such as the law of supply and demand, in …”

For Further Reading S. 395-426

„… : Edward Elgar Publishing, 1992).ROLES OF POLITICAL SCIENTISTS AND HISTORIANSTo understand the issues …” „… explored by political scientists, begin with a stan-dard introductory text, such as Michael G. Roskin …” „… scientist, Barrington Moore Jr., added substantially to political science with a series of books, the most …”

10 How Information Evolved S. 277-308

„… economically influen-tial. A combination lawyer and political scientist, Anne-Marie Slaughter, explained that …” „… econometric tools, so too political scientists and social scientists. In short, disciplines played an enormous …” „… and political sci-entists. In the hard sciences one relies on theory laced with solid provable …”

3 How Librarians Organized Information S. 57-88

„… computer scientists in the 1950s–1990s were more public, as were the worldviews of such social media …” „… intellectual content and methods that scientists, for example, claimed.12 The best they could do was grudgingly …” „… scientists. Even changing their identity to “library science” in the mid-twentieth century and later into …”

Endnotes S. 309-394

„… J. Wood, False Alarm: The Truth about Political Mistruths in the Trump Era (Cambridge, MA: Cambridge …” „… computer. Each of the 0s and 1s computer scientists speak about is a bit. A combination of 8 bits equals a …” „… Scientists and Other Professionals, 3rd ed. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2011); John Henry, A Short …”

2 Second Industrial Revolution Encounters Information S. 27-56

„… engineers, political scientists with historians, among others. In a retrospective celebrating the fiftieth …” „… , Asia, and North America as exten-sions of the economic and political strength of industrializing …” „… Survey. Its scientists were responsible for studying the American landscape, natural resources, and …”

7 New Business and Government Information Ecosystems S. 183-212

„… different than that of the scientist, even though like them and librarians, or computer scientists, managers …” „… “detached and otherworldly outlook” fostered in mathematics and the hard sciences. Scientists used …” „… advocated by mathematicians, scientists, and developers of computers and telecommunications.THE WORLD OF …”

Index S. 427-444

„… American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 117 – 18American Political Science Association, 254American …” „… Clinton, Hillary, 301cliometrics, 267 – 70codices, 272coding, 335n8cognitive scientists, 63Cold War, 1 – 2 …” „… ; innovation in, 210 – 11; iSchools, 330n98; libraries and, 36 – 37; organization in, 281; political science in …”

4 Early Encounters by Computer Builders S. 89-128

„… by World War II, then the Cold War, and a sprawling community of scientists, mathematicians …” „… , scientists, and experts from other disciplines trespassing on each other’s intellectual borders, to create a …” „… never been a strong consensus on what it constituted.While engineers, mathematicians, and scientists had …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781538173916

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Nominating the President

Jack Citrin, David Karol

2009

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Chapter 05. WHAT POLITICAL SCIENTISTS MAY (OR MAY NOT) KNOW ABOUT PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS S. 95-108

„… arbitrary cut-off in5WHAT POLITICAL SCIENTISTS MAY(OR MAY NOT) KNOW ABOUTPRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONSBarba ra …” „… Political Scientists May (or May Not) Know 97election is minimal. Primary voters are a subset of general …” „… the Republican side, with a genderWhat Political Scientists May (or May Not) Know 99gap occurring …”

Chapter 04. ASSUMPTIONS AND REALITIES OF PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY FRONT-LOADING S. 77-94

„… assumptionsof political scientists.NOTES1. Fred Thompson finished third in the 2008 Iowa Republican …” „… 77Every four years, we have an opportunity to test the assumptions po-litical scientists have …” „… American electoral analysis, political scientists have tried toidentify certain predictable properties of …”

Preface S. i-viii

„… Primary Front-Loading 77Andrew E. Busch5 What Political Scientists May (or May Not) Know about …” „… presentations and com-ments of the distinguished faculty, former public officials, journalists,and political …”

INTRODUCTION. Jack Citr in and David Karol S. 1-26

„… well-attended and atypical Iowa caucuses,so political scientists do not know as much about who attends caucuses …” „… choosing Sarah Palin as his running mate.POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE NOMINATIONS PROCESSThe first two …” „… and that new developments in political mobiliza-tion have made the boundaries of the political party …”

Chapter 06. THE RULES AND THE ROLE OF RACE AND GENDER IN 2008 S. 109-140

„… a goal, not a meansto an end. Political scientists label this goal descriptive representation …” „… thesis proposedby some political scientists posits that descriptive representation for un-derrepresented …” „… groups sends an important signal to group members thatthey can and do have influence on political …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780742566392

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The Power of the Metaphysical Artifact

Obed Frausto

2023

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The Philosophical and Political Debates of the Spiritualists, the Scientists, and the Positivists S. 83-112

doi.org/10.5771/9781793654441

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Wissenschaftliche Politikberatung im Praxistest

Peter Weingart, Gert G. Wagner

2015

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Daniel Sarewitz When All Scientists are Activists S. 67-82

„… decisions, but in political or policy debates the demand for and the authority of scientists doesn’t derive …” „… scientific claims and those of an academic scientist with no apparent political agenda, we’d go for the …” „… the case that an academic scientist can escape from bias just because he or she lacks a political …”

Roger A. Pielke Lessons from 50 Years of Science Advice to the US President S. 51-66

„… recent political cartoon from the United States. In the upper left you have the scientist clearing the …” „… sudden scientists had become necessary. In the United States there was a great political debate: What …” „… science advisor, the nature of politics really hasn’t changed. In 1965, a political scientist looking …”

Naomi Oreskes From Nuclear Winter to Climate Change: the Political Uses of Scientific Dissent S. 35-50

„… 35 Naomi Oreskes From Nuclear Winter to Climate Change: the Political Uses of Scientific Dissent …” „… scientific evidence of climate change? Why did scientists play a major role in challenging that evidence …” „… ? How was scientific dissent used as a political tool? The story in some ways begins in 1992 with the UN …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… Oreskes From Nuclear Winter to Climate Change: the Political Uses of Scientific Dissent …” „… . Daniel Sarewitz When All Scientists are Activists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 5 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845277424

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Wissen, Wissenschaft und Global Commons

Melanie Morisse-Schilbach (ed.), Jost Halfmann (ed.)

Series: Internationale Beziehungen

Volume 17 2012

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Melanie Morisse-Schilbach Science, Knowledge, and Global Commons: Beyond Epistemic Communities S. 59-96

„… joint political project (ibid.: 19). Thus, Haas’ conception of science and scientists exceeds the …” „… , scientists agree among themselves, then, they present their views to political actors, and, finally …” „… globalized society today. They not only influence political decision-making but also determine how we see …”

Sebastian Linke Governance als Tragödie – Das europäische Fischereimanagement und die Rolle der Wissenschaft in internationalen Umweltregimen S. 207-237

„… seas and the actual political processes for their management“ (Haas 1997: 193). Wie im Verlauf dieses …” „… scientists working within the bureaucracy have a common faith in the scientific method does not guarantee …” „… from political temptation“ (Haas 1992: 11). An anderen Stellen zieht er wiederholt klare Trennlinien …”

Melanie Morisse-Schilbach, Jost Halfmann Wissen, Wissenschaft und Global Commons: Eine Einführung S. 13-59

„… ) et scientiste (une affaire d’experts)“ (Constantin 2000: 118) 2 „Beginning in the 1980s, coral …”

Thomas Pfister Governance, Wissen und Wissenskultur(en): Politische Wissensproduktion in der Lissabon-Strategie der EU S. 349-374

„… Vries, Gerard (2007): What is Political in Sub-politics? How Aristotle Might Help STS. In: Social …” „… (1987): Science in Action. How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society. Cambridge, MA …” „… ), 282-301. Rose, Nikolas und Peter Miller (1992): Political Power beyond the State: Problematics of …”

Beverly Crawford, Falk Schützenmeister Unterschiedliche Wissensformen und die Governance der arktischen Commons S. 97-133

„… North: The Role of the Scientist in Human Development in the Northwest Territories. In: Arctic, 37(1 …” „… : The Political Resurgence of the Commons. In: Goldman, Michael (Hrsg.): Privatizing Nature, 1-19 …” „… . Goldman, Michael (Hrsg.) (1998b): Privatizing Nature: Political Struggles for the Global Commons. London …”

Silke Beck Der Weltklimarat (IPCC): Das Modell für Politikberatung auf internationaler Ebene? S. 153-179

„… and Political Culture. A Comparative Study of Science in the Policy Context. New York: Russell Sage …” „… people. It’s not easy, but it can be done. In: New Scientist 1662, 29.04.1989 …” „… (1454), 471-477. Weingart, Peter (1999): Scientific Expertise and Political Accountability. Paradoxes …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845239323

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