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The Metaphysics of Logical Consequence

Alexandra Zinke

Series: Studies in Theoretical Philosophy

Volume 6 2018

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1. Models of Models: Interpretation and Representation S. 15-36

„… 1 Models of Models: Interpretation and Representation Valid arguments are truth-preserving. The …” „… discussion and pretend to be concerned with sentences alone. Models of Models: Interpretation and …” „… world could be. There arises anoth- Models of Models: Interpretation and Representation 18 er …”

2. Interpretation and Representation: A Systematic Approach S. 37-48

„… formula is true in a model iff the interpretation function of the model maps the sentence on an element of …” „… formula is true in a model iff the tuple of objects resulting from a term-wise interpretation of the …” „… : Interpretational definition of logical truth: A formula φ is logically true iff for all interpretations it holds …”

Introduction S. 1-14

„… to a certain interpretation of the language. If one understands a model representationally, the …” „… . According to this view, a model provides a specific interpretation of the sentences used in the argument …” „… . Truth in a model then is truth under a certain interpretation of these sentences. Given this construal …”

9. Logic, Language and Metalanguage S. 157-170

„… sentences of the metalanguage, a sentence is invariant under all admissible interpretations iff it is a …” „… interpretations, we can modify definition (C) of logical constants as follows: DEFINITION (C*): A constant c of …” „… with respect to , and (ii) c’s semantic clause is invariant under all admissible interpretations of …”

5. From Necessary Truth to Logical Truth S. 79-100

„… . According to the interpretationalist, this model represents an interpretation of the language in which the …” „… interpretation does in fact obtain? Suppose this is the case. Then, the interpretational definition of logical …” „… stand for interpretations of the language. The interpretationalist must say which interpretation is …”

Concluding Remarks S. 171-174

„… and the inadmissible models, independently of whether models are read interpretationally or …” „… of logical truth and logical consequence. Whether they succeed in doing so depends on what models …” „… model. At bottom, there are two ways of understanding models. The one focuses on the semantic meaning …”

8. The Problem of Logical Constants S. 131-156

„… 8 The Problem of Logical Constants The first restriction on admissible interpretations (I1 …” „… : their interpretation is held totally fixed. Let me once again stress the centrality of the problem of …” „… the demarcation of the admissible from the inadmissible interpretations in general. If we chose, say …”

7. Representational Definition S. 117-130

„… the interpretational definition of logical truth we distinguished those interpretations that respect …” „… of representational models with worlds in Etchemendy 1988[a]: Models are just abstract …” „… representations of the world, both as it is and as it might have been. To use a rather loaded term, models …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-X

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1 Models of Models: Interpretation and Representation . . . . . . 15 1.1 Tarski’s Definition …” „… the classical definition of consequence as truth preservation in all models must be restricted to …” „… all admissible models. The challenge for the philosophy of logic is therefore to supplement the …”

4. From Analytic Truth to Logical Truth S. 59-78

„… interpretation of ‘something’ (or ‘thing’) imposes a cross-term restriction on the class of models.” (Etchemendy …” „… , certain further restrictions on interpretations can be motivated. As a result of these restrictions, some …” „… as fixed terms). Yet, if we consider an interpretation that maps the first occurrence of “Pluto” on …”

3. From Structural Truth to Logical Truth S. 49-58

„… restricting the admissible interpretations/substitutions to those respecting the grammatical categories of the …” „… implicit in the definition of the interpretation function i of standard formal languages. The …” „… interpreted via the recursive definition of truth-in-a-model. In this chapter, I want to pinpoint a further …”

6. Logic and Formality S. 101-116

„… . There is only one meta-rule with respect to the formulation of restrictions on interpretations: one …” „… inadmissible interpretations, resorted to the notion of formality, just to find that we would have to …” „… problem of admissible term classes is entirely analogous to the problem of admissible interpretations …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783465143451

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Perceptions and Images of China

Heinz-Dieter Assmann (ed.), Thomas M.H. Chan (ed.), Karin Moser v. Filseck (ed.)

Series: Neue China-Studien

Volume 2 2008

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Dic Lo China as a ‘Model’ of Utilizing Foreign Capital for Economic Development: Perceptions, Observations and Interpretations S. 37-51

„… , Observations and Interpretations Dic Lo, University of London / Renmin University of China, Peking …” „… interpretations of the Chinese experience. And the orthodox establishments in the prevailing world orGHU KDYH …” „… propositions and hypotheses, the interpretation and assessment of the impact of FDI in China must be analyzed …”

Karl-Josef Kuschel “Why do people travel to China....?” About the Function of China in the Works of Bert Brecht and Adolf Muschg S. 251-273

„… Leibniz, a positive image of China had established itself. Confucianism was considered a model Pre …” „… Brecht assigned a special function of self-interpretation to this particular Chinese scroll by placing …” „… DQG WKH ZLVH PDQ DUH LQ D UHODWLRnship of mutual benefit. Just as Lao Tzu is the role model of the …”

Ivan Szelenyi Varieties of Post-Communist Capitalisms: Convergences and Divergences S. 13-37

„… around the liberal model of capitalism; Finally I point to some remaining differences in the three …” „… model of liberal democratic societies. Let me summarize briefly the characteristics of the “three …” „… European uniqueness and gradually merges with the EU model. Russia of course ± and after some hesitation …”

Feng Jun The Highlights of Western Philosophy Studies in China over the Last Ten Years S. 221-233

„… restarted the research of Western philosophy and discarded the Soviet Union¶s analysis model of the history …” „… . Interpretation of µto be¶ or µbeing¶ and return to the roots of Greek philosophy The translation of the Greek …” „… some new elements and interpretations of pragmatism. He plays a very important role in the recovery of …”

Knut B. Pißler, Thomas von Hippel Civil Society in the People’s Republic of China from a Legal Perspective – Expectations and Realities S. 123-149

„… Model Statutes66 for foundations, which were published by MoCA after the promulgation of the Foundation …” „… scope of the Model Statutes, and to nominate candidates for the initial Board of Directors.69 The …” „… have introduced an extensive regulatory system with a number of regulatory mechanisms. The Model …”

Eric Hilgendorf The Chinese Criminal Law System in a Socio-Cultural Context S. 155-167

„… Doctrine of the Mean, (1893, paperback 1971). For the history and modern interpretation of Confucianism …” „… control of the country and is obviously not willing to move towards another model of state. Even before …” „… copy the Western model of criminal ODZ EXW ZLOO VHOHFW D GLIIHUHQW SDWK &KLQD FDQ KRZHYHU EHQHILW …”

Adrian Hsia Transformations of the Chinese Dragon: Perceptions and Projections S. 191-221

„… Sinology ± and describes the interpretations of Chinese culture by two German philosophers (Schelling and …” „… because Providence planned it this way. Compared with the interpretations of the previous century, it was …” „… ), determines the degree of positive or negative interpretation. Total objectiveness and neutrality is rare, if …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845208428

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Repräsentative Auslegung völkerrechtlicher Verträge

Alexander Pehl

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Recht

Volume 963 2019

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Kapitel 4 Mechanismen repräsentativer Vertragsauslegung S. 118-205

„… agreement between the parties regarding the interpretation of the treaty or the application of its …” „… provisions; […]“. I. Spätere Auslegung durch die Vertragsstaaten 119 interpretation of the treaty or the …” „… . Linderfalk, On the Interpretation of Treaties: The Modern International Law as Expressed in the 1969 Vienna …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 351-381

„… (1984 and U.S. Model BIT (2004)“, TDM 7 (2010). Alvarez, José E., „The Return of the State“, Minnesota …” „… ). Bernhardt, Rudolf, „Interpretation and Implied (Tacit) Modification of Treaties: Comments on Arts. 27, 28 …” „… . Bernhardt, Rudolf, „Evolutive Treaty Interpretation, Especially of the European Convention on Human Rights …”

Kapitel 7 Teilung der Deutungsmacht im Investitionsschutzrecht S. 323-338

„… 1062 UNCTAD, „Interpretation of IIAs: What States Can Do“, IIA Issues Note, No. 3 (2011), abrufbar …” „… ), S. 192, 201. 1064 Vgl. J. Gold, „Interpretation by the International Monetary Fund of Its Articles …” „… of Control through Joint Investment Treaty Interpretation“, in: A. Kulick (Hrsg.), Reassertion of …”

Kapitel 1 Der Kampf um die Deutungshoheit S. 26-64

„… Deutschland-Pakistan BITs von 1959 (Art. 11) lautet: „(1) In the event of disputes as to the interpretation or …” „… exclusively in favour of investors, here such an interpretation is justified“. Kapitel 1 Der Kampf um die …” „… . 24 (2003), S. 451, 453 f. 99 C. H. Brower, II, „Why the FTC Notes of Interpretation Constitute a …”

Kapitel 5 Grenzen der repräsentativen Auslegung S. 206-308

„… of Investment Claims, 2009 (Cambridge University Press), S. 32 ff.; T. Gazzini, Interpretation of …” „… Responsibility, 15. Januar 2008), Rn. 169; T. Gazzini, Interpretation of International Investment Treaties, 2016 …” „… . Januar 2008), Rn. 169; T. Gazzini, Interpretation of International Investment Treaties, 2016 (Hart …”

Fazit S. 339-350

„… Interpretation of Agreements: Developing More Responsive International Administrative Regimes“, Harvard Int'l L …” „… Investitionsschutzabkommens der Organization of Islamic 1147 S. Gáspár-Szilágyi, „Binding Committee Interpretations in the EU …” „… Sweet/F. Grisel, The Evolution of International Arbitration: Judicialization, Governance, Legitimacy, 2017 …”

Kapitel 3 Dynamische Konzeption von Verträgen S. 104-117

„… wurde der Begriff wohl von Max Sørensen. Vgl. E. Bjorge, The Evolutionary Interpretation of Treaties …” „… allerdings synonym verwendet. 337 R. Bernhardt, „Evolutive Treaty Interpretation, Especially of the European …” „… , „Interpretation in International Law“, in: R. Wolfrum (Hrsg.), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law …”

Kapitel 2 Eine Systematik der Auslegungsregeln im Völkerrecht S. 65-103

„… interpretations of this Treaty and must be taken into account by tribunals under this Chapter.“, Indien Model BIT …” „… . Herdegen, „Interpretation in International Law“, in: R. Wolfrum (Hrsg.), Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public …” „… Introduction, 2016 (Edward Elgar Publishing), S. 128; D. Paet/M. Windsor, „Playing the Game of Interpretation …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748901310

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Die Auslegung des Arbeitgeberbegriffes in Artikel 15 Absatz 2 Buchstabe b) des Doppelbesteuerungsabkommens Schweiz-Deutschland

Pascal Hornstein

Series: Betriebs-Berater Studium - BWL case by case

Volume 2023

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Literaturverzeichnis/Bibliographie/Bibliography S. 293-310

„… Treaty Interpretation: Determining Domestic Me-aning Under Article 3(2) of the OECD Model, Canadian Tax …” „… Changes to the Commentary on Art. 15 (2) of the OECD Model and their Effect on the Interpretation of …” „… Interpretation of the Term „Employer“ in Art. 15 of the OECD Model Convention, ET 2005, S. 181 ff.Wackerbeck …”

Teil III: Auslegung des Arbeitgeberbegriffes S. 117-178

„… Contents of the 2010 Update to the Model Tax Convention v. 21.05.2010, Art. 15 8.8, 8.9.701 Ebenso …” „… herangezogen werden, soweit es sich um Klarstellungen von ohnehin im Abkommenstext angelegten Interpretationen …” „… Zweck der Missbrauchsvermeidung für Fälle des hiring-out of labour eine abkommensautonome Auslegung …”

Teil II: Grundlagen S. 3-115

„… Interpretation of Treaties, S. 52 f.; Tena Castro, Intertax 2014, 709 (713); Oberson, ASA 82, 433 (437).119 BGer …” „… effektiv zu vermeiden.156 Eine restriktive 150 Linderfalk et al., On the Interpretation of Treaties, S …” „… Becker et al., FS Kreile, 73 (84).151 Linderfalk et al., On the Interpretation of Treaties, S. 287.152 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783800595808

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Die Bedeutung des OECD-Musterkommentars für die Auslegung von Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen am Beispiel des Nutzungsberechtigten (Beneficial Owner)

Olga Milanin

Series: Wirtschafts- und Steuerrecht

Volume 22 2021

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 249-283

„… Model Tax Convention and the interpretation of plurilingual tax treaties, in: van Arendonk, Henk/Engelen …” „… , 437-441. De Broe, Luc, et. al.: Interpretation of Article 15(2)(b) of the OECD Model Convention …” „… , Brian J.: The Interpretation of Tax Treaties: Myth and Reality, BIT 2010, 2-15. Arnold, Brian J.: Tax …”

B. Bedeutung des OECD-Musterkommentars für die Auslegung von DBA S. 83-184

„… countries, which unlike the Model are legally binding international instruments, they can nevertheless be of …” „… great assistance in the application and interpretation of the conventions and, in particular, in the …” „… settlement of any disputes.”379 B. 378 Der Diskurs wurde angeregt von Engelen, Interpretation of Tax Treaties …”

Einleitung S. 15-29

„… . schon: Dorn, VJ- SchrStuFR 1927, 189 (190); anknüpfend auch: Bühler, Prinzipien, 32; OECD, Model …” „… ; zum historischen Hintergrund von Doppelbesteuerung und DBA: von Roenne, in: Ecker/Ressler, History of …” „… -update-to-oecd-model-tax-convention-rele ased.htm, letzter Aufruf 1.6.2020. 6 BMF-Schreiben v. 15.1.2020, IV B 2 -S 1301/07/10017-11, Stand …”

A. Auslegung von Doppelbesteuerungsabkommen S. 30-82

„… Anknüpfung an das Zweck im Recht: Lang, J., in: Vogel, Interpretation of Tax Law, 59 (66); Vogel, SWI 2000 …” „… , in: Festgabe für Wassermeyer, 15; ders., in: Vogel, Interpretation of Tax Law, 85 (89); vgl. ders …” „… , 92; Arginelli, Multilingual Tax Treaties, 417, 448. 125 Lehner, in: Vogel, Interpretation of Tax Law …”

C. Anwendung der Auslegungsmethoden auf den Begriff des Beneficial Owner unter Berücksichtigung des OECD-Musterkommentars S. 185-236

„… Bedeutung auszugehen ist. 1040 Vgl. Avery Jones et al., BTR 1989, 65 (70); OECD, Model Convention, Condensed …” „… gewöhnliche Bedeutung des Begriffs wieder- Sitzung des UN Committee of Experts on International Cooperation in …” „… . 1063 Ausführl. zur Herkunft des Begriffs: C.I.2.b)aa)(1). 1064 Vgl. Engelen, Interpretation, 147; gegen …”

D. Vorschläge zur Effektivitätssteigerung des OECD-Musterkommentars S. 237-244

„… , ist I. 1320 OECD, Model Convention, Condensed Version 2017, Art. 1, Nr. 31 ff. MK mit Vorschlägen für …” „… (98). 1327 Schön, IStR 2017, 681 (683 f.). 1328 Vgl. League of Nations, Report on Double Taxation 1923 …” „… , Doc. E.F.S. 73 F. 19; auch League of Nations, Report of the Technical Committee, Double Taxation and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748921202

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Das Verbot der Ungleichbehandlung nach Art. 24 Abs. 5 OECD-MA

Lennart Geffken

Series: Wirtschafts- und Steuerrecht

Volume 13 2017

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 397-418

„… , Maarten J., The Role of the Commentaries on the OECD Model in the Tax Treaty Interpretation Process …” „… , Interpretation), Kingston, Ontario 2005 Ward, David A., The Role of the Commentaries on the OECD Model in the Tax …” „… Interpretation of Tax Treaties: Myth and Reality, Bulletin 2010, Seite 2–15 Arnold, Brian J./Sasseville …”

Art. 24 im Allgemeinen S. 25-200

„… der Auswirkung auf die Motivation zum Abschluss von DBA Hemetsberger- Koller/Kolm, Journal of European …” „… , ILC Yearbook 1969 Vol. II, Seite 158 (159) und Nussbaum, History of the Law of Nations, Seite 27. 25 …” „… . Nussbaum, History of the Law of Nations, Seite149f. und Hyder, Equality in international law, Seite 15 Fn …”

Art. 24 Abs. 5 im Speziellen S. 201-390

„… gemeinschaftsrechtlichen Freiheiten. 880 League of Nations Fiscal Committee: London and Mexico Model Tax Conventions …” „… besteht. In der beschriebenen Interpretation des House of Lords muss die Ungleichbehandlung ausschließlich …” „… Geschäftstätigkeit. Die authentische englischen Sprachfassung (the term ‘enterprise’ applies to the carrying on of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845274737

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International Investment Law

Marc Bungenberg (ed.), Jörn Griebel (ed.), Stephan Hobe (ed.), August Reinisch (ed.)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2015

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Andrea K. Bjorklund B. NAFTA’s Contributions to Investor-State Dispute Settlement S. 261-282

„… Submissions to Tribunals on Issues of InterpretationThe State Parties to NAFTA have reserved to themselves …” „… question not answered in the Notes of Interpretation.The NAFTA Parties have advocated the adoption of a …” „… Interpretations of NAFTA Issued by the Free TradeCommission …”

Ralph Alexander Lorz II. Protection and Security (Including the NAFTA Approach) S. 764-789

„… InterpretationWordingThis is first of all a question of the respective BIT itself and its interpretation.And as with any …” „… and complete protection and safety’ in its Art. 5(1).The 2008 German Model BIT3 – a newer version of …” „… of the 2007 Norwegian Model BIT5 puts the clause in a differ-ent context, stating in Art. 5 the …”

Catharine Titi IX. International Investment Law and Good Governance S. 1768-1783

„… the trend, Article 10 of the US Model BIT enjoins the contracting par-ties to ensure that their laws …” „… ChangingLandscape (OECD, 2005) 15.22 Article 10(1) of the US Model BIT (2012).23 UNCTAD, Transparency (n. 17) 16.24 …” „… For the US Model BIT, see Article 24 of the US Model BIT (2012) in conjunction with Arti-cle 1, ibid …”

August Reinisch IV. Most Favoured Nation Treatment S. 807-845

„… interpretation,specific mention of an item excludes others: expressio unius est exclusio alterius.125In the joined ICSID …” „… hostState.Since then investment tribunals have failed to develop a uniform interpreta-tion of the potential reach …” „… reach of MFNclauses to substantive treatment. These inconsistent interpretations of MFNclauses remain …”

Lars Markert, Helene Bubrowski B. National Setting Aside Proceedings in Investment Arbitration S. 1460-1481

„… this view, see UNCITRAL, UNCITRAL2012 Digest of Case Law on the Model Law on International Commercial …” „… behind it in turn have inspired Arti-cles 36 and 3418 of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International …” „… aside in mind, our me-thodical approach thus uses Article 34 of the UNCITRAL Model Law as aframework for …”

Arno Gildemeister V. Investment Law and Taxation S. 1677-1691

„… interpretation.The Meaning of ‘Tax Measures’The term ‘measures’ which frequently appears in tax exclusion clauses …” „… Taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171. Interpretation of Tax Exclusion Clauses …” „… model clause proposed by the International Chamber of Commerce (http://www.iccw-bo.org); see also the …”

Stephan W. Schill XII. Multilateralization: An Ordering Paradigm for International Investment Law S. 1817-1838

„… implications for the interpreta-tion of investment treaties. Can we presume, for example, that identically …” „… interpretation of third-party BITs. Similarly, the lack of any hierar-chy among investment tribunals and the lack …” „… foreign investment policy and model BITs in lightof criticism of the system of international investment …”

August Reinisch IV. The Likely Content of Future EU Investment Agreements S. 1884-1903

„… of an EU model BIT/IIA or othernegotiating platform, other generic or even specific forms expressing …” „… thatmay permit glimpses of a still invisible EU model BIT remain highly uncertain.Nevertheless, while also …” „… law it is constitutedor organized (…)’).37 See e.g., Article 3(1) of the Canadian Model FIPA 2004 …”

Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan VI. Investment Law and Intellectual Property Rights S. 1692-1713

„… of most countries address IPRs.14The 2004 US Model BIT15 for example provides in its investment …” „… , patent rightsand rights relating to utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, layout-designs of …” „… alsoArt. 1 of the 2004 US Model BIT which contains some of these criteria in its definition of …”

Anne K. Hoffmann G. Denial of Benefits S. 598-613

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174. Issues Arising from the Interpretation of Denial of BenefitsClauses in the Current Case Law …” „… author willaddress some of the issues which arise from the interpretation of denial of bene-fits clauses …” „… Party, own or control the enterprise.6Hence, both US Model BITs deny the benefits of these treaties …”

Index S. 1913-1952

„… 5– interpretation mechanismChapter 4 III B 12– Notes of InterpretationChapter 4 III B 8; Chapter 8 …” „… Chapter 4 III B 5– non-disputing party Chapter 4 III B 17– Notes of InterpretationChapter 4 III B 47 …” „… XII 1binding interpretation Chapter 4 III B 13BITs– breach of Chapter 5 III 6– compliance clauses …”

Marc Bungenberg, Catharine Titi VIII. Precedents in International Investment Law S. 1505-1516

„… interpretations,tribunals create the law by means of interpretation,22 in a system which is not acommon law system.23However …” „… ), Treaty Interpre-tation and the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: 30 Years on, Queen Mary Studies …” „… Christoph Schreuer, ‘Diversity and Harmonization of Treaty Interpretation in Investment Ar-bitration’ in …”

Jörn Griebel D. The New EU Investment Policy Approach S. 304-325

„… the breadth of interpretation’ by arbitration tribunals.40If one compares the current German model …” „… started. That some sort of unofficial draft model ishowever required for the purpose of efficiently …” „… interpreta-tion’ as well as the fact that the USA and Canada ‘have adopted their modelBITs in order to restrict …”

Stefan Kröll VII. Enforcement of Awards S. 1482-1504

„… enforcement granted in connection with an action for the interpretation,correction or annulment of the award …” „… Model BIT of 2012 e.g. contains such anobligation in its Art. 34(5).24Equally, the obligation to comply …” „… under the national lawsbased on the Model Law see UNCITRAL, 2012 Digest of Case Law on the Model Law …”

Jean-Christophe Honlet, Barton Legum, Anna Crevon A. ICSID Annulment S. 1431-1459

„… annulment provision was based onArt. 35 of the ILC’s Model Rules on Arbitral Procedure adopted in 1958 …” „… . TheModel provided for four grounds for challenging the validity of an award:(a) that the tribunal has …” „… Convention listed the first three groundsspecified in the ILC Model Rules, but did not retain nullity of the …”

Morris Besch II. Typical Questions Arising within Negotiations S. 93-152

„… on the UNCITRAL model law, and by institutional rulesof arbitration (cf. only Art. 42(1) of the ICSID …” „… sole application of their nationallaw. In Article 32.1 of the Bid Round Deep Water Model Production …” „… SharingContract of Trinidad and Tobago it is stated e.g.:The validity, interpretation and implementation of this …”

Marc Bungenberg, Manjiao Chi C. Chinese Investment Law S. 221-239

„… , launched withthe US74 and Canadian75 model BITs of 2004 and which slowly appear to begaining over the …” „… model of its partner countries.78China’s More Recent Treaty-Making Practice Part I: Conclusion of Trade …” „… generation of Chinese BITs ison a par with the US Model BIT; in other words, it appears that Chinese and …”

Chester Brown I. The Evolution of the Regime of International Investment Agreements: History, Economics and Politics S. 153-185

„… multilateral, arising out of a model convention of this kind, wouldbe of inestimable value to capital-importing …” „… responsible’.136 Thisprovision has been adopted by, e.g., the United Kingdom in Article 13 of itsModel BIT.137 …” „… between Parties as to the interpretation or application of this Convention may be sub-mitted by agreement …”

John P. Gaffney, Zeynep Akçay A. European Bilateral Approaches S. 186-201

„… . Int’l 397–445; Chester Brown (ed), Commentaries of Selected Model InvestmentTreaties (Oxford University …” „… the US and European models.While both models aim at the liberalisation of foreign direct investment …” „… , therefore, that the US Model BIT offers agreater degree of legal certainty, but lacks the flexibility …”

Jan Asmus Bischoff, Richard Happ A. The Notion of Investment S. 495-544

„… is available at http://italaw.com/documents/2008-GermanModelBIT.doc.25 As to the interpretation of …” „… . 115–124; Chittharanjan F. Amerasinghe, ‘Interpretation of Article 25(2)(b) of the ICSIDConvention’ in …” „… and Business, 2013) 101–116;Jan A. Bischoff, ‘Interpretation of International Uniform Law’ in Jürgen …”

August Reinisch II. The Interpretation of International Investment Agreements S. 372-410

„… Interpretation(Oxford University Press, 2008).II. The Interpretation of International Investment AgreementsAugust …” „… its interpretation;(c) any relevant rules of international law applicable in the relations between the …” „… interpretation,as codified in Article 31 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, the Tribunal is pre-cluded …”

Sabine Konrad B. Protection of Investments Owned by States S. 545-554

„… dis-putes ‘arising directly out of an investment, between a Contracting State (…)c)25 2004 US Model BIT …” „… B. Protection of Investments Owned by StatesSabine Konrad*1. Introduction …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6b) Protection of State-Affiliated Entities in BITs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8c …”

Lucy F. Reed, Jonathan E. Davis A. Who is a Protected Investor? S. 614-637

„… the nationality of the hostcountry shall prevail over the nationality of any other member’); US Model …” „… bringing aclaim.’).93 Cf. Anthony Sinclair (n. 8) 98–99 (‘One interpretation of its absence may be that the …” „… Comparison of the 2004 and 1994 US Model BITs:Rebalancing Investor and Host Country Interests’ (2009) Y.B …”

Karl-Heinz Böckstiegel I. The Future of International Investment Law – Substantive Protection and Dispute Settlement S. 1863-1872

„… including the appropri-ateness of investor-State arbitration, the new Model BIT published in April 2012 …” „… principles of treaty interpretation, particularly the Vienna Convention,will become relevant in much detail …” „… . Particularly, the State’s consent to arbitra-tion will continue to depend on the interpretation of– whether an …”

Jorge E. Viñuales VII. Investment Law and Sustainable Development: The Environment breaks into Investment Disputes S. 1714-1738

„… presents an additional difficulty,namely the (potentially narrower) interpretation of the scope of the …” „… and applicablerules and principles of international law.’36 Turning to BITs, the Canadian Model …” „… Chinese Model BIT 2003 states inArticle 9(3) that ‘the arbitration award [of the investment tribunal …”

Yun-I Kim I. Investment Law and the Individual S. 1585-1601

„… rights of their home State.(…) [T]he proper interpretation of the NAFTA does not substantiate that …” „… generation of Model Investments Agree-ments in an attempt to solve the problems arising in the field of …” „… should52 Cf. for example the Norwegian Draft Model BIT of 2007 which however after having beenput to …”

Andreas R. Ziegler X. Investment Law in Conflict with WTO Law? S. 1784-1801

„… settlement procedure of the investment chapter –possibly in order to avoid the interpretation of WTO law by …” „… relied on a self-contained inter-pretation of the investment treaty standards.52– Also ‘umbrella clauses …” „… internationallaw into the NAFTA, nor would the tribunal permit ‘alteration of an interpreta-tion established …”

Vivienne Bath, Luke Nottage C. The ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement and ‘ASEAN Plus’ – The Australia–New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA) and the PRC–ASEAN Investment Agreement S. 283-303

„… Expropriation and Compensation. Ewing-Chow andFischer trace this provision to Annex B of the 2004 US Model BIT …” „… on interpretation of such a provision in aninvestment agreement is yet to be fully determined.60The …” „… ’ determination of a legal issue (interpreta-tion of a treaty provision) to the factual issues raised in the …”

Ursula Kriebaum VIII. Expropriation S. 959-1030

„… expropriation or nationalization (‘expropriation’), except: (…).35The Model Treaty of China states that:Neither …” „… nationalization (…) except (…).37The Model Treaty used by the United Kingdom provides that[i]nvestments of …” „… 2012 U.S. Model Bilateral Investment Treaty, Treaty between the Government of theUnited States of …”

Irmgard Marboe III. Valuation in Cases of Expropriation S. 1057-1081

„… compensation would render theexpropriation per se unlawful.19 A strict interpretation of the treaty terms …” „… ; Art. 6(1) of the US Model BIT (2012); Art. 6(1) of theColombian Model BIT (2007); Art. 5(2) of the …” „… French Model BIT (2006); Art. 13(1) of theCanadian Model BIT (2004).56 See, for example, Art. 6 of the …”

Karsten Nowrot Chapter 10: Obligations of Investors S. 1154-1185

„… In-vestment Regime (Oxford University Press, 2011) 30, 33 et seq.18 The text of the IISD Model Agreement is …” „… obligations ofconduct for foreign investors in Part Three of the Model Agreement. The respec-tive legal …” „… Mechanisms in Support ofSustainable Development in Canada’s Model Foreign Investment Promotion and …”

Burkhard Schöbener IV. Outlook on the Developments in Public International Law and the Law Relating to Aliens S. 64-79

„… the tribunal’s conclusion in CMS v. Argentina is theresult of the interpretation of the term …” „… , other treaties, such asArticle 1 of the US 2004 Model BIT and Article 1 No. 6 b) of the ECT, restrictthe …” „… clauses make an explicit reference tocustomary international law.Article 5 § 1 of the US Model BIT of 2004 …”

Anthony Sinclair VII. Umbrella Clause S. 887-958

„… . Whilstthere are a number of variants on the standard form, the following model exam-ples are readily …” „… recognisable as umbrella clauses:– Article 2 of the United Kingdom Model BIT: ‘[e]ach Contracting Party …” „… other Contracting Party’.– Article II(2) of the 1984 and the 1987 United States Model BITs: ‘[e]achParty …”

Stephan Hobe I. The Development of the Law of Aliens and the Emergence of General Principles of Protection under Public International Law Stephan HobeThe Development of the Law of Aliens S. 6-22

„… , Enteignung und Entschädigungim geltenden Völkerrecht (Springer, 1985) 23–54.65 Art. 5 of the US Model BIT of …” „… , however, not entirely un-controversial in the interpretation of the tribunals. Arbitral tribunals have …” „… . The Development of the Law of Aliens and the Emergence of GeneralPrinciples of Protection under Public …”

Markus Krajewski III. Investment Law and Public Services S. 1629-1643

„… and reform. This implies also aprocess of reviewing and re-assessing existing models of providing …” „… . Based on the in-terpretation of the term by investment tribunals, a number of categories of gov-ernment …” „… out that a broad interpreta-tion of the umbrella clause would make the other provisions of a bilateral …”

Michael Waibel II. Investment Arbitration: Jurisdiction and Admissibility S. 1212-1287

„… effect on the scope of jurisdiction, byway of interpretation.Even though international tribunals …” „… the interpretation or application of the 1975 Statute’.34In the case of international investment …” „… contractual disputes. Whether it does cover such disputes isa matter for interpretation of the instrument of …”

Bruno Simma, Dirk Pulkowski I. Two Worlds, but Not Apart: International Investment Law and General International Law S. 361-371

„… , ‘Power and Persuasion in Invest-ment Treaty Interpretation: The Dual Role of States’ (2010) 104 AJIL …” „… ‘conservation’ or ‘transformation’ of the primary legal rules, such asrules of interpretation, rules regarding …” „… maxims of interpretation. Ac-cordingly, investment tribunals have routinely resorted to the provisions of …”

August Reinisch V. National Treatment S. 846-869

„… ) of the UK Model BIT (2005). See also the references in UNCTAD (n. 2) 42 etseq.23 E.g. Art. II(2)(a …” „… Protection of Investments of 16 March1995; Art. 3(3) of the Austrian Model BIT (2008).Chapter 8: Standards of …” „… circumstances’ found in NAFTA Article 1102. In its view,(…) the interpretation of the phrase ‘like circumstances …”

Marc Jacob, Stephan W. Schill I. Fair and Equitable Treatment: Content, Practice, Method S. 700-763

„… principle-based framework of analysis for the standard’s application and interpretation.Against that background …” „… Accordingly, the way arbitral tribunals develop the interpreta-tion of the standard has given rise to …” „… ) Art. 1 (1969) 9 J. Pub. L. 116.19 Broad interpretations of FET by arbitral tribunals have led several …”

Stephan Wittich V. Investment Arbitration: Remedies S. 1391-1430

„… example boththe Canadian and the United States Model BIT limit a tribunal’s power toawards of monetary …” „… States Model BIT; Article 44 of the Canadian Model Foreign invest-ment Protection and Promotion Agreement …” „… (Rule 54 of the ICSID Arbitration Rules), 7 October 2008, para.66: ‘If the interpretation were accepted …”

Marc Bungenberg, Stephan Hobe II. The Relationship of International Investment Law and European Union Law S. 1602-1628

„… Hobe 161120It will eventually be the competence of the Court of Justice to give a final in-terpretation …” „… EUcompetence over FDI in an a maiore ad minus interpretation of the term.76 Thisinterpretation would ignore the …” „… Bungenberg/Stephan Hobe 1613252627ing of the provision does not permit an interpretation to the effect that …”

André von Walter I. Investor-State Contracts in the Context of International Investment Law S. 80-92

„… applied to the interpretation and application of contracts con-cluded between States and foreign investors …” „… , asin the Libyan oil disputes, or clauses relating to the interpretation and applica-tion of the …” „… obligations entered into with for-eign investors.44 The interpretation and application of such clauses in the …”

Kaj Hobér, Joshua Fellenbaum I. Political Risk Insurance and Investment Treaty Protection S. 1517-1551

„… the nature, likelihood and degree of political risks. Generallyspeaking, these models try to identify …” „… Chapter 12: Political Risk Insurance and Financing of Foreign DirectInvestmentI. Political Risk …” „… Republic of Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57b) The United …”

Katharina Diel-Gligor, Rudolf Hennecke D. Investment in Accordance with the Law S. 566-576

„… Model Law (…). In this respect, a number oflegislatures and courts have decided that a narrow concept of …” „… and Overview of Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. The …” „… Legal Nature of the Compliance Requirement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93. The Procedural Stage …”

Giorgio Sacerdoti, Matilde Recanati XIII. Approaches to Investment Protection outside of Specific International Investment Agreements and Investor-State Settlement S. 1839-1862

„… ELSI case is incon-sistent with the canons of treaty interpretation under the Vienna Convention on the …” „… did not rely on customary international law but that itwas based on the interpretation of the …” „… 185338In this respect the FCN model represents a clear advantage in respect of cus-tomary rules. BITs …”

Joachim Karl F. The Negotiations on the OECD Multilateral Agreement on Investment S. 342-360

„… regulationsincreasing production costs). ‘Rollback’, in this interpretation, would havemeant an obligation of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19a) Definition of ‘Investment …” „… ’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21b) Concept and Degree of Investment Liberalisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23c) The REIO …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XLVIII

„… international law, a system consisting of arbitralawards and doctrinal interpretations, constituting the most …” „… ....................................................................I.361Bruno Simma and Dirk PulkowskiThe Interpretation of International Investment Agreements …” „… Clifford Chance LLP, London. Professor Brown is the editor of Com-mentaries on Selected Model Investment …”

Achim-R. Börner IV. Investment Law and Energy S. 1644-1676

„… otherwise.For specific literature see Diane Desierto, ‘Necessity and “Supplementary Means ofInterpretation”’ for …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202. By Geography and Origin of Disputes …” „… .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51Annex 1: An Annotated List of the Closed and Pending ICSID Cases ofthe Energy Sector …”

Monique Sasson III. Investment Arbitration: Procedure S. 1288-1372

„… the arbitral tri-bunal considered the matter. This tribunal rejected this rigid interpretation of …” „… , including ones concerning the interpretation and correction of an award.The UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules also …” „… above, provides for a self-contained system.Thus, interpretation, revision and annulment of the award …”

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Law and Politics

Meinrad Handstanger (ed.), Benedikt Harzl (ed.), Stephan Hinghofer-Szalkay (ed.), Emma Lantschner (ed.), Elmar Pichl (ed.), Jürgen Pirker (ed.), Klaus Poier (ed.), Günther Rautz (ed.), Gabriel N. Toggenburg (ed.), Hedwig Unger (ed.)

2022

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Patricia Popelier Taking legal merit seriously: a plea for legal scholars to engage in empirical legal studies S. 53-64

„… US. Studies on European courts, and the European model of centralized constitutional courts in …” „… the impact of political preferences.11 The strategic model examines how courts adapt their decisions …” „… in anticipation of the reactions of other actors.12 The institutional model, according to which …”

Claudio Corradetti Understanding J. Marko’s Model of ‘Multiple Diversity Managements‘: on the Functional Integration of Law and Politics S. 511-530

„… non-constructivist definition of its legal objects. For, the model of Juristenpolitik, the interpretation of legal …” „… Understanding J. Marko’s Model of ‘Multiple Diversity Managements‘: on the Functional Integration …” „… liberalism. Contrary to models of mainstream liberalism which oppose cosmopolitanism to requests of minority …”

Roberta Medda-Windischer Changing Perspectives in Minority Studies: A Human Rights Model of Diversity Governance for Old and New Minorities S. 483-510

„… DiversitätChanging Perspectives in Minority Studies: A Human Rights Model of Diversity Governance …” „… Charter of Fundamental Rights (2000), should not be subject to diverse interpretations in different member …” „… perceived as a challenge Roberta Medda-Windischer490and antagonistic to the traditional model of homogeneous …”

Karl Kössler Sovereignty and Secession: Theoretical, Legal and Political Perspectives S. 941-958

„… commonwealth model, later proponents of similar ideas concentrated, at least from the 1780s onwards, on the …” „… governance model’, which he suggests as an alternative, is based on the ‘functional interdependence of …” „… of the Federalists, attempting to make their interpretation of the compromise of 1787 prevail, that …”

Drino Galicic Legalisation of politics or politicization of law in Bosnia and Herzegovina: the authority of courts as collateral damage S. 1031-1046

„… Strasbourg jurisprudence that this model of democracy has entrenched a discriminatory constitutional …” „… , although not explicitly, the drafters of BiH Constitution have referred to a model of corporatist …” „… , international involvement has tried to bridge some of the difficulties of the consociation model in Bosnia and …”

Josip Kregar Rule of Law and Democratic Politics: The Challenge of Populism S. 131-144

„… construction and interpretation of winners. The worst of all and the most worrying for the future of young …” „… researchers: treat rational models as theories, not as standards of behavior. Viewing rational models as …” „… criminal.”3734 Craig R.M. McKenzie, “Rational Models as Theories – not Standards – of Behavior” (2003 …”

Arben Hajrullahu ‘Divided in Diversity’: Identity Perceptions and Revisionist Politics S. 561-574

„… continues to render impossible a commonly accepted interpretation of the ‘truth’, which is a key …” „… interpretations of the past such as the Serbian national leaders’ reading on the historic battle at the …” „… dimensions are considered. One of the questions in need of an answer is: who made and wrote the history of …”

Roberto Toniatti The Recognition of a New Minority by Judicial Ruling: the Case of the LGBTI Community in Nepal S. 737-754

„… well as for an interpretation of the electoral results (“The 2013 election was, therefore, a vote for a …” „… point of view.The judiciary in Nepal has been organised according to the prevailing model in common law …” „… interpretation of the Constitution as well as the power to declare legislation void for inconsistency with the …”

Kerstin Wonisch Religious Minorities in the Middle East: Caught between remnants of Islamic Law and Sectarian Politics S. 789-814

„… serve as the basic model for the preservation of internal diversity.8 These rules, developed in the …” „… based model for the governance of an ummah being inclusive of Muslim as well as non-Muslim citizens.14 …” „… of the Ottoman Empire marked the end of the model of the Islamic State in its classical sense.20Thus …”

Sergiu Constantin Between Law and Politics: Language Rights and Norm Contestation Processes in Ukraine (1991-2021) S. 341-368

„… nicely into one of these abstract, ideal-type models. In practice, one may identify combinations of …” „… on the model of an agnostic liberal and culturally indifferent regime. Their domestic legislative …” „… of Ukrainophone MPs asked the Constitutional Court to provide an official interpretation of Article …”

Alice Engl, Estelle Evrard Agenda-setting dynamics in the post-2020 cohesion policy reform: the pathway towards the European cross-border mechanism as possible policy change S. 655-680

„… practical expertise – workshops with the epistemic community to discuss the interpretation of the two …” „… questions and comments. This process built consensus on the methodology and interpretation of the data and …” „… European Model? The Contribution of Cross-border Cooperation to Reconciliation and Stability in Europe …”

Günther Rautz Einheit in Vielfalt als Akkulturationsmodell für ein identitätsstiftendes Zusammenleben in Europa S. 531-552

„… proposed model of unity in diversity is totally different from the American one.Folgt man Gierycz …” „… Funktionen und Strukturen beschrieben werden. Die wirklichkeitswissenschaftliche Interpretation arbeitet …” „… Naturwissenschaften wurde bereits bei Bacon die generalisierende Begriffsbildung Ausgangspunkt für die Interpretation …”

Levente Salat Reconciling political unity, legal equality and ethnic diversity S. 461-480

„… “...the Commission of Rapporteurs, through a functional interpretation, opened the way to reconcile the …” „… strictly textual interpretation in the tradition of legal positivism”30 have to be given up since …” „… South Tyrolean ‘Model‘ of Conflict Resolution to be Exported? In: J. Woelk, F. Palermo and J. Marko …”

Leonidas Makris, Zoran Ilievski Mill’s Perfectionism: A Concrete Political and Moral Vision for Happiness and the Good S. 79-102

„… conclusion of this latter interpretation, we shouldn’t forget that his most important text supporting liberty …” „… character (Berger, 1984). It is the role model of the virtuous character, on Mill’s description, that he …” „… neutralist interpretation of Mill (Donner, 1991). We would add that they also reveal the crux of a rationale …”

Benedikt Harzl Nation und Territorium im Wechselspiel von Recht, Ideologie und Konflikt: Notizen zur Weichenstellung der Konfrontation am Ende der Sowjetunion S. 909-930

„… is thus neither an inherent, natural trait within the meaning of the biological property of people(s …” „… and encouraging national consciousness of diverse ethnic groups.”422 Mark R. Beissinger, Nationalist …” „… Mobilization and the Collapse of the Soviet State (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 53.3 Als …”

Verena Wisthaler Wanted and unwanted migrants in South Tyrol. Constructing the collective identity through ‘othering’ S. 631-654

„… political–institutional system, corresponding to the model of consociational democracy, South Tyrolean society is divided …” „… be the most suitable method. It allows for an interpretation of the content through the systematic …” „… ‘othering’Verena WisthalerWe do not have to make Tyroleans out of immigrants – we should not even make Tyroleans …”

Hedwig Unger Über die Ideen der Universität und ihre rechtliche Umsetzung im österreichischen Universitätsgesetz S. 1149-1176

„… und Gesellschaft zieht: „…it becomes quite obvious that none of these ‚models‘ would fit perfectly …” „… and Perspectives in the Light of EU Integration, Baden-Baden 2010; Wolfgang Mantl (Hg …” „… Interdependence of Law and Political Sciences: About the „Essence and Value“ of a „Juristenpolitologie-approach …”

Jürgen Pirker Identitäts- und Erinnerungspolitik im Minderheitenrecht: Probleme und Perspektiven in Österreich, Kärnten und der Alpen-Adria Region S. 433-460

„… Marko dem Minderheitenschutzsystem in Südtirol: Joseph Marko, Is there a „Model“ of Conflict Resolution …” „… Austrian National Minorities Act of 1976, in Sia Spiliopoulou Åkermark/ Arie Bloed/ Rainer Hofmann/Joseph …” „… Marko/James Mayall/John Packer/Marc Weller (eds), European Yearbook of Minority Issues, Volume 12 (2013 …”

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Das soft law der europäischen Organisationen - The Soft Law of European Organisations - La soft law des organisations européennes

Jean-François Flauss (ed.), Julia Iliopoulos-Strangas (ed.)

Series: Societas Iuris Publici Europaei (SIPE)

Volume 7 2012

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Thomas Dubut La « soft law » de l’O.C.D.E. dans la jurisprudence fiscale de la C.J.U.E. – À la recherche des frontières entre normativité juridique et efficacité juridictionnelle S. 26-51

„… affaires soumises à la Cour. Une telle interprétation est d’ailleurs confortée par le fait que le Modèle …” „… d’interprétation des dispositions conventionnelles conformément aux Commentaires du Modèle de convention fiscale …” „… États-Unis d’Amérique du 31 mai 1996. V. N. SHELTON, Interpretation and Application of Tax Treaties, Haywards …”

Jörg Polakiewicz Finalités et fonctions de la soft law européenne L’expérience du Conseil de l'Europe S. 160-197

„… . Ziele und Funktionen des Europäischen Soft Law Goals and Functions of European Soft Law Finalités et …” „… Fonctions de la Soft Law Européenne Die Erfahrungen des Europarates The Council of Europe Experience …” „… parvenus à un gentlemen’s agreement5 selon lequel aucune délégation ne 2 H.-J. BARTSCH, « The Acceptance of …”

Sandrine Turgis Les communications interprétatives de la Commission européenne S. 52-65

„… y explicite son interprétation de la jurisprudence de la Cour et suggère un certain nombre de bonnes …” „… aussi écarter l’interprétation prônée par la Commission dans sa communication. Dans cette dernière …” „… permet de réaliser une communication interprétative mais de souligner qu’il ne suit pas l’interprétation …”

Enzo Cannizzaro, Emanuele Rebasti Soft law in the EU legal order S. 208-233

„… contributes to influence the conduct of States towards the behavioural model encompassed in the soft rules. It …” „… interpretation of a provision of Community law entails the consideration of its wording, its context and its aims …” „… considered in the interpretation of the relevant part of the Regulation and, in particular, that decisions of …”

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Der Stufenbau des Rechts auf dem Prüfstand

Clemens Jabloner (ed.), Thomas Olechowski (ed.), Klaus Zeleny (ed.)

Series: Schriftenreihe des Hans Kelsen-Instituts

Volume 42 2022

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Monika Zalewska Network, or Stufenbau? S. 23-38

„… Kelsen’s concept of international law, it will be ar-gued that this model can still be useful in …” „… common law for another occasion3). This analysis will be carried out in the light of theories of models …” „… of its usage. It might be inadequate in some contexts, where the network model 1) This research has …”

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Regimeübergreifende Konkretisierung im internationalen Investitionsrecht

Jakob Kadelbach

Series: Schriften zur Europäischen Integration und Internationalen Wirtschaftsordnung

Volume 34 2014

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E. Die Möglichkeit einer regimeübergreifenden Konkretisierung im internationalen Investitionsrechtsregime im Konkreten S. 135-376

„… , Interpretation of the Umbrella Clause in Investment Agreements, OECD Working Papers on International Investment …” „… Investitionen am vorteilhaftesten sind.347 Im Model BIT des Vereinigten Königreichs lautet die preservation of …” „… US Model BIT 2012: „This Treaty shall not derogate from any of the following that entitle an investor …”

D. Die Möglichkeit einer regimeübergreifenden Konkretisierung im internationalen Investitionsrechtsregime im Abstrakten S. 115-135

„… rules and techniques of interpretation and administration are thought to apply. For instance, fields …” „… interpretation and implementation of its provisions.“300 Statt in den völkerrechtlichen Verträgen eines …” „… . 10 Abs. 2 Chinese Model BIT 2003; Art. 5 Abs. 2 Agreement among the Government of Japan, the …”

B. Die Existenz eines internationalen Investitionsrechtsregimes S. 45-68

„… 2008; Art. 10 Abs. 2 Chinese Model BIT 2003; Art. 5 Abs. 2 Agreement among the Government of Japan, the …” „… 2902 solcher ____________________ 49 Vgl. die Präambeln des US Model BIT 2012, German Model BIT 2008 …” „… , Indian Model BIT 2003, Chinese Model BIT 2003, Colombian Model BIT 2007, ASEAN-Australian-New Zealand …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 451-473

„… . Chinkin, Christine, Third Parties in International Law, Oxford 1993. Christie, George C., The Model of …” „… Interpretation and the Incorporation of Extraneous Legal Rules, in 55 ICLQ 2006, S. 281 – S. 314 …” „… other “Relevant Rules of International Law” in Treaty Interpretation: Insights from WTO …”

5.Teil: Schlussbetrachtung S. 443-451

„… , Defragmentation of Public International Law Through Interpretation, in 16 Ind. J. Global Legal Stud. 2009, S. 483 …” „… Verweisen auf das internationale Recht, Schirmklauseln, preservation of rights-Klauseln …” „… der Verwendung der Formulierung „any relevant rules of international law“ auf regimeexterne …”

G. Berücksichtigung heranzuziehender Vorschriften unter Beachtung ihrer durch den regimeexternen Vertrag zukommenden Eigenart S. 383-387

„… also that the application of international law rules on interpretation of treaties to identical or …” „… F. Pflicht zur vertragsübergreifenden Interpretation? 383 die Rechtsfolge der Feststellung ihrer …” „… fundamental difference in the role and purpose of the respective tribunals, coupled with the existence of a …”

B. Konkretisierung unter Heranziehung des internationalen Menschenrechtsregimes und des internationalen Handelsrechtsregimes S. 393-439

„… Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, in Kraft getreten am 4.1.1969; Convention against Torture …” „… ; Convention on the Rights of the Child, in Kraft getreten am 2.9.1990; Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade …” „… present Covenant, Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the …”

A. Der Schutzstandard der gerechten und billigen Behandlung des internationalen Investitionsrechtsregimes S. 387-393

„… Bedeutung und Popularität veranlassen Autoren dazu, ihn als „‚golden rule’ of investment treaties“855 oder …” „… Statt vieler siehe Tudor, The Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard in the International Law of Foreign …” „… .). 855 Salacuse, The Law of Investment Treaties, 2010, S. 218. 856 Dolzer, Fair and Equitable Treatment …”

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Framing the Use of Force: An International Rule of Law in Media Reporting

Swantje Renfordt

2011

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Do Borders Matter for an Overall Law Framing? S. 143-172

„… European newspaper debates between 1990 and 2005. Indeed, a law interpretation of the use of force is even …” „… national differences hardly matter for a legal interpretation of the use of force, it follows that …” „… models. It shows that the set of dependent variables comprises an overall discourse about International …”

Do Borders Matter for a Moral Framing? S. 172-181

„… small, it is highly speculative to engage in any meaningful interpretation. For none of the other models …” „… models (1) and (3) to (6), the dependent variable is the absolute number of references to human rights in …” „… absolute measure. In model (2), however, the dependent variable is the proportion of articles dealing with …”

Do Borders Matter for a Procedural Law Framing? S. 181-189

„… 181 9.3 Do Borders Matter for a Procedural Law Framing? A procedural interpretation of …” „… effects, as displayed in model (1) of Table 13, shows that, again, most countries included in the …” „… model (1), it is safe to conclude that the level of legal framing in the Dutch broadsheets appears to be …”

The Assumptions of Global Sociological Institutionalism S. 50-54

„… considered widely appropriate, and that a “law” interpretation generally conforms to expectations of the …” „… ). Likewise, Soysal’s investigation of the meaning of citizenship shows global cultural models at work. In her …” „… interpretation not, or at least not only, because of a direct functional need, for instance to reach satisfying …”

– Evaluation of Guiding Assumptions S. 189-197

„… . “Rule of law” framing is most visible interpretation of all framing options 190 Overall law …” „… of interpretations was used in each country. Newscast most often displays a legal framing, thus …” „… regression methods. I estimated a series of models for three dependent variables on law, firstly, for the …”

How Visible is International Law in the Media? S. 105-118

„… visibility of law interpretations for each national public sphere and each newspaper. I also ask how visible …” „… series of linear regression models to specify the relation between structural factors and discursive …” „… for a broad comparison of the varying relative frequency of a law interpretation in distinct national …”

Evaluation of Empirical Findings S. 202-207

„… interpretations centred on identity, interest or universal principles to explain the use of force. Using mean …” „… comparison and simple frequency statistics, Chapter 7 clearly showed that a law interpretation of the use of …” „… interpretation of the issue at least once, meaning that the ten per cent threshold for media visibility was …”

– Introduction S. 13-23

„… , Wessler et al. 2008. 14 “script” which would manifest in a similar diffusion of a legal interpretation of …” „… , this project cannot draw on any existing conceptual model. The overall goal of Part One therefore is to …” „… visibility of a law interpretation in the newscast, which this study takes as a necessary precondition for …”

Operationalising an Investigation of ”International Law” as a Script in Media Debate S. 60-66

„… awareness of this particular interpretation 61 and for the public assessment of these norms. In political …” „… to the occurrence of other potential interpretations based on interest, identity or universal …” „… , allows us to draw safer conclusions on the actual prominence of legal interpretations because it reveals …”

Literature S. 213-226

„… . Meyer (2002) Modern Law as a Secularized and Global Model: Implications for the Sociology of Law, in: Y …” „… Sociological Review, 65, 96-116. Franck, T. M. (2004) Interpretation and Change in the Law of Humanitarian …” „… 213 Literature Abbot, K. W. (2000) NAFTA and the Legalisation of World Politics. A Case Study …”

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Jahrbuch des Föderalismus 2011

Europäisches Zentrum für Föderalismus-Forschung Tübingen (ed.)

Series: Jahrbuch des Föderalismus

Volume 2011

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César Colino What now for the Autonomic State? Muddling through growing tensions amidst the aftermath of the Court’s Ruling and the painful fiscal crisis S. 309-322

„… room for an interpretation of the Spanish autonomic model in plurinational terms, making the “Catalan …” „… institutional reform strategy. That has sparked increased criticism of the model coming from various quarters …” „… Spanish territorial model. 310 Europäische Länderberichte 1. The much-awaited judgment of the …”

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Demokratie in der Weltgesellschaft

Hauke Brunkhorst (ed.)

Series: Sonderheft Soziale Welt

Volume 2009

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Cristina Lafont Alternative Visions of a New Global Order. What should Cosmopolitans hope for? S. 231-250

„… interpretation of the model, namely, its openly cosmopolitan goals and the heterarchical structure of the …” „… multilevel system that widely different possibilities of interpretation of the model arise, some of which …” „… the overall goals of the model. Under the ambitious interpretation, the function of protecting human …”

Regina Kreide Why a minimalist notion of justice is not enough: Comment on Cristina Lafont’s paper S. 251-256

„… arguments for why her understanding of global justice can be seen as a realistic utopian model. Three …” „… rights violations. Thirdly, Lafont addresses the tricky question of whether her model of an extended …” „… not be ultraminimalist as the narrow interpretation of Habermas’ approach suggests. But it need not be …”

Christian Joerges A new alliance of de-legalisation and legal formalism? Reflections on the response to the social deficit of the European integration project S. 437-450

„… on the interpretation of the new constellation did not emerge. Was this a result of contingent events …” „… supranational constitutionalism as an alternative to the model of the constitutional nation-state which respects …” „… action in its Basic Law needs to be understood as an integral part of the Swedish social model.49 Is the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845215921

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Commercial Law

Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

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Eckart J. Brödermann Preamble (Purpose of the Principles) S. 477-483

„… : “Parties wishing to provide that their agreement be governed by the Principles might use one of the Model …” „… wording in the official footnote to para. 2 (“might use one of the Model Clauses”). As the dispute …” „… laws which have integrated Article 28 of the UNCITRAL Model Law on Arbitration8 as well as most …”

Raimond Emde Article 17 S. 1287-1295

„… Article 17 largely adopted the German legislative text in the indemnity model of para. 2, and are …” „… narrowly, as the ECJ has ruled that an interpretation of Article 17 is only permitted if it can be excluded …” „… introduction or retention of an indemnity model. The reason for this is likely that the compensation model was …”

Raimond Emde Article 18 S. 1296-1298

„… commercial agent, with such good cause determined in derogation of the principle of autonomous interpretation …” „… expansive interpretation of good cause at the expense of the commercial agent. Furthermore, there is no …” „… and whether the principal has offered or can offer alternative models of activity to the female …”

Peter Mankowski Article 2 CISG S. 20-23

„… kind of model solution.57 Article 2 CISG This Convention does not apply to sales: (a) of goods bought …” „… a dynamic interpretation of (d). 3. 4. 10 Belakouzova, Widerrufsrecht bei Internetauktionen in …” „… The first thought of school has to embark upon a longish and more protracted journey:53 First, it …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 14 CISG S. 58-69

„… been clarified by interpretation of conduct and declarations in accordance with Art. 8.32 Moreover …” „… automated proposals.44 Past practices and trade usages will also impact upon the interpretation of intent to …” „… Characterization of such a condition and determination as to its fulfilment are matters of interpretation pursuant …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction to the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“PICC”) S. 462-476

„… Interpretation of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of goods (1980) as …” „… , The Model Clauses for the Use of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts as a …” „… “‘new lex mercatoria’, that is, the group of norms gathered in principles, usages and customs, model …”

Raimond Emde Introduction S. 1247-1264

„… individual regulatory acts reveal a unified model of justice that extends beyond the sector area upon which …” „… interpretation, which is autonomous in principle, in the context of historical interpretation. Since the …” „… Court has further clarified the principles of its interpretation and application in a number of other …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.2 (Presumption of joint and several obligations) S. 789

„… Article 11.1.2 (Presumption of joint and several obligations) When several obligors are bound by …” „… shifts the burden of proof to the party wishing to argue for a classification as separate obligations;2 …” „… operate with a presumption of ‘joint and several’ liability as defined in Art. 11.1.1 lit. a. This …”

Raimond Emde Article 4 S. 1272-1273

„… the case law”.1 Good faith is crucial for the model of the commercial agency contract. As a general …” „… interpretation and application of Section 242 BGB must also be exercised subject to Union loyalty.6 This is cast …” „… The provision draws its justification from the widespread presumption of a reduced need for …”

Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… – interference by the other party UNIDROIT 7.1.2 1 – interpretation of contract UNIDROIT 4.1 2 – interpretation …” „… offer / acceptance CISG 23 4 – conduct of one party UNIDROIT 2.1.1 4.2 – interpretation UNIDROIT 4.2 …” „… 5.3.4 1 – damage in case of breach UNIDROIT 2.1.16 2 – defined UNIDROIT 2.1.16 – interpretation …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.2.1 (Definitions) S. 813-817

„… 11.2 contains no presumption in favour of any of the models,2 the reason being ”extremely controversial …” „… obligation due to several obligees to a subsequent interpretation of the contract creating the obligation …” „… Principles (→ no. 1 above at A.), interpretation must reveal the classification of the obligation (→ Arts …”

Raimond Emde Article 2 S. 1266-1271

„… – subject to an autonomous interpretation.12 Its content is evident from the delineation of the rules on the …” „… 2009, 1478 (1479 et seqq.). 14 Cf. for a comprehensive principle of consistent interpretation only …” „… implementation”),42 then the statements of the Directive and the Directive-compliant interpretation shall also …”

Stefan Kröll Introduction S. 1416-1419

„… interpretations (Article 3) avoiding repetitions in the remainder of the rules and removing uncertainty as to …” „… vague terms. Irrespective of these improvements the UCP 600 are still not a model for clear drafting …” „… Practice, 53. 13 See for interpretation of the UCP and the Use of the ISBP: Song, Sectoral Dispute …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.1 (Right to terminate the contract) S. 656-661

„… termination concept of the UNIDROIT Principles as a ‘model’). 8 See Bonell, An International Restatement, p …” „… non-performance in quality or time35. (This implies a restrictive interpretation36 of ‘substantial deprivation …” „… . 67 (with reference to similar interpretation of the CISG). 53 Vogenauer/Huber Art. 7.3.1 no. 40. 54 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XLVI

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 1.5 489 Interpretation and supplementation of the Principles …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 3.3.2 560 Chapter 4 Interpretation Intention of the parties …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 4.1 561 Interpretation of statements and other conduct …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 24 CISG S. 116-129

„… under the e-CC,72 and similar conclusion can be reached by interpretation of party conduct pursuant to …” „… Article 24 CISG For the purposes of this Part of the Convention, an offer, declaration of …” „… acceptance or any other indication of intention ‘reaches’ the addressee when it is made orally to him or …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 18 CISG S. 81-92

„… bound by the offer.7 This will depend on interpretation of what would be reasonably understood by the …” „… , there are restrictions on conduct constituting acceptance. The first is interpretation of the conduct as …” „… Spring Carnival”, requires interpretation. In regard to both the length of the period, and whether a …”

Christoph Oertel IV. INCOTERMS® 2010 S. 828-897

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 V. The Incorporation and Interpretation of the Incoterms …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2. Interpretation of the Incoterms …” „… originating from different countries representing diverse industries led to diverging interpretations of the …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 3 Transactions between undertakings S. 1321-1333

„… factor is whether the claim permits the creditor to have his claim collected by means of forced …” „… of a reminder, where the following conditions are satisfied: (a) the creditor has fulfilled its …” „… : (a) for the first semester of the year concerned shall be the rate in force on 1 January of that year …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564

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