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Judicial Reforms in Luxembourg and Europe

Burkhard Hess (ed.)

Series: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law

Volume 1 2014

Results in this title

Seibert-Fohr Anja Judicial Independence and Judicial Accountability S. 105-118

„… Judicial Independence and Judicial Accountability Anja Seibert-Fohr* While judicial independence is …” „… Group on Judicial Independence. The author thanks Christian Jelinsky for his valuable editing assistance …” „… . 1 For judicial independence see, e.g., J. Bell, Judiciaries within Europe (2006); S. B. Burbank & B …”

Caponi Remo Judicial Independence in Italy – The Role of the Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura S. 133-146

„… IV. Reform Experience in Other Countries Judicial Independence in Italy – The Role of the …” „… Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura Remo Caponi* Introductory Remarks Judicial independence is a major …” „… court and the judges should have judicial independence to decide the dispute according to the facts and …”

Index S. 181-182

„… , 165-167 – High Council of Justice 148-158 – Judicial independence 147-149, 169 – Judicial Training …” „… – Judicial evaluation 111 – Judicial independence 47-48, 106-108 European Judicial Training Network (EJTN …” „… , 141-142 – Judicial independence 135-146 – Public prosecutors 138 Judicial accountability 105-117 …”

Voet Stefaan, Storme Marcel Institutional Judicial Reform Experiences in Belgium: New Bodies Governing the Judiciary S. 147-172

„… amendment of Article 151 of the Belgian Constitution on judicial independence,9 and the creation of a High …” „… Before 1998, the principle of judicial independence,11 a cornerstone of every democratic state, was an …” „… for four 11 For a thorough analysis see B. Allemeersch et al., Judicial Independence in Belgium, in A …”

Rozakis Christos L. The Compatibility of the Luxembourgish Draft Law on Judicial Reform with the European Convention on Human Rights S. 43-52

„… factors in determining judicial independence. The prevalent factor is mandate length, since short mandates …” „… might have upon judicial independence. As is well known, the Strasbourg Court attaches great importance …” „… The Compatibility of the Luxembourgish Draft Law on Judicial Reform with the European Convention on …”

Menétrey Séverine The Good Administration of Justice S. 119-132

„… aside as it can be considered to be an aspect of judicial independence, leaving timeliness and fairness …” „… judicial independence and organisational functionality.17 With respect to the functionality aspect of …” „… effective and efficient justice is an issue of judicial independence and should be addressed in that context …”

Hess Burkhard, Dimitropoulos Georgios Judicial Reforms in Luxembourg and Europe: International and Comparative Perspectives S. 9-40

„… good administration of justice6 and judicial independence, especially as related to judicial …” „… , The Good Administration of Justice, in this volume. 7 A. Seibert-Fohr, Judicial Independence and …” „… Declaration on judicial independence and accountability …”

de Groot-van Leeuwen Leny E. Judicial Reform in the Netherlands: Perception and Reception in the Judiciary S. 173-180

„… Judicial Reform in the Netherlands: Perception and Reception in the Judiciary Leny E. de Groot-van …” „… Leeuwen* Abstract This paper presents some of the judicial reforms in the Netherlands, in particular the …” „… sui generis. In the Netherlands these days all judicial reforms are enacted through the Council for …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… organisation du Conseil national de la justice 69 Luc Heuschling Judicial Independence and Judicial …” „… in Other CountriesIV. Judicial Independence in Italy – The Role of the Consiglio Superiore della …” „… Judicial Reforms in Luxembourg and Europe Burkhard Hess (ed.) Studies of the Max Planck Institute …”

Turenne Sophie Judicial Reform in Luxembourg: Avenues and Opportunities S. 53-66

„… judicial independence shape the judicial selection processes and criteria,35 and it is for our colleagues …” „… the political authorities may have a say in the Court’s membership – subject to judicial independence …” „… Judicial Reform in Luxembourg: Avenues and Opportunities Sophie Turenne* Introduction The …”

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Judicial Independence

Hilke Thiedemann

Series: Recht und Verfassung in Afrika - Law and Constitution in Africa

Volume 22 2007

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 447-463

„… 447LiteraturverzeichnisAbraham, Henry J., „The Pillars and Politics of Judicial Independence in the …” „… United States”, in:Russell, Peter H. / O’Brien, David M. (Hrsg.), Judicial Independence in the Age of …” „… : Shetreet, Shimon / Deschênes, Jules (Hrsg.), Judicial Independence: The Contemporary Debate, Dordrecht 1985 …”

Berichte / Dokumente / Interviews S. 464-465

„… Judicial Independence].International Commission of Jurists, South Africa: Attacks on Justice 2000 …” „… of Judicial Independence, adopted inthe Plenary Session of the 19thIBA biennial Conference on 22ndOct …” „… : Report on theIndependence of Judges and Lawyers (2002)].Report on Activities of the Judicial Service …”

Verantwortlichkeit für richterliches Fehlverhalten S. 332-363

„… , siehe Howie, Judicial Independence, in: SALJ 120(2003), S. 679 (682). Ein unerlaubter Eingriff in die …” „… ” und Nr. 43 der IBA des Code of Minimum Standards of Judicial Independence: „A judge shall enjoy …” „… : „the proposal smacksof an attempt to impinge upon judicial independence. It criminalizes judicial …”

Gesicherte Amtszeit (security of tenure) S. 292-314

„… MinimumStandards of judicial Independence in Nr. 15 a): „The position of judges, their independence,their security …” „… . Nr. 22 der IBA Minimum Standards of Judicial Independence: „Judicial appointments should generally be …” „… historische demokratische Tradition, siehe Nr. 23 (b) der IBA Minimum Standardsof Judicial Independence: „The …”

Unabhängigkeit gegenüber der Exekutive S. 134-238

„… launched on the Executiveby some judges coweing behind judicial independence“, siehe Budget Vote Address …” „… von der Exekutive sein, vgl. Russell, Toward a General Theoryof Judicial Independence, in …” „… InternationalMinimum Standards of Judicial Independence585Mindestanforderungen an unabhängige Ernennungsverfahren …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… , BloemfonteinHilke ThiedemannJudicial IndependenceEine rechtsvergleichende Untersuchungder Sicherung unabhängiger …” „… . Bindung an das Gesetz 113II. Bindung an Präjudizien 117III. Judicial activism versus judicial …” „… ) Hintergrund 172bb) Überblick über die Gremien 174cc) Die Gremien im einzelnen 176aaa) Judicial Service …”

Unabhängigkeit gegenüber nichtstaatlichen, gesellschaftlichen und parteipolitischen Einflüssen S. 270-290

„… Standards of Judicial Independence: „The press shouldshow restraint in publications on pending cases where …” „… , dignity, accessibility and effectiveness of the court“.Die IBA Minimum Standards of Judicial Independence …” „… , throughlegislative and other measures, must assist and protect the courts to ensure the independence,impartiality …”

Zwischenergebnis S. 290-292

„… MinimumStandards of judicial Independence in Nr. 15 a): „The position of judges, their independence,their security …” „… . 232. Die UN Basic Principles on theIndependence of the Judiciary verlangen dementsprechend: „The term …” „… of office of judges,their independence, security, adequate remuneration, conditions of service …”

Summary S. 435-442

„… 435SummaryThis thesis analyses the constitutional guarantee of judicial independence and …” „… the guarantee of judicial independence in practice in part (C.) This part issubdivided into …” „… the South African and the German approachtowards judicial independence are pointed out. In a …”

Anhang: Guidelines for Judges of South Africa S. 443-446

„… independence of the judiciary, or which could undermined the separation of powers.A judge’s judicial duties …” „… 443ANHANG : Guidelines for Judges of South AfricaA. With Regard to Judicial DutiesA judge should …” „… uphold the independence of the judiciary and the authority of thecourts, and should maintain an …”

Angemessenheit unterschiedlicher Grade richterlicher Unabhängigkeit innerhalb eines Systems? S. 427-431

„… ), Abschn. 25 und 27: „Judicial independence can be achieved in a variety of ways; the‚most rigorous and …” „… elaborate conditions of judicial independence’ need not be applied to allcourts, and it is permissible for …” „… Independence in SA, S. 3: „It is important that [magistrates] be integrated into the culture of judicial …”

Ethische Verhaltensstandards S. 92-94

„… werden. Während die UNBasic Principles on the Independence of the Judiciary sich in erster Linie an …” „… Inter-American Court of Human Rights, Advisory Opinion of October 6, 1987, No.OC-9/87, Judicial Guarantees in …” „… body presentsan appearance of independence.” [Hervorhebung d. Verf.].356 Justice must not only be done …”

Richterliche Unabhängigkeit und Unparteilichkeit S. 86-92

„… the Commonwealth on Parliamentary Supremacy and Judicial Independence, welche Richtlinien für das …” „… andthe Human Rights of Detainees: Study on the Independence and Impartiality of the Judiciary, Jurors and …” „… Assessors and the Independence of Lawyers, UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1985/18, No. 80.320 Universal Declaration of …”

Abstrakte Sicherungen der Unparteilichkeit und Neutralität des Richters S. 371-399

„… administrative powers and dutieswhich do not affect the judicial independence of magistrates, including …” „… constitutional protection of the core values of judicial independence accordedto all courts by the South African …” „… diesen Grundsatz ebenfalls übernommen, siehe Howard,Judicial Independence in Post-Communist Europe, in …”

Arbeitsbedingungen S. 314-332

„… Bezahlung von Richtern durch Gesetz1458. Die IBAMinimum Standards of Judicial Independence fordern darüber …” „… of judicial independence. If judicial officers lack that security, their ability to act independently …” „… die richterlicheUnabhängigkeit dar, vgl. Foglesong, The Dynamics of Judicial (In)dependence in Russia …”

Presseberichte S. 466-467

„… : SundayTimes 11. 7. 2004.‚Judicial independence is ‚protected’’, in: Sunday Times vom 19. 4. 2005. …” „… . 120 (2003), S. 648-652.The Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct, 2002, abgedruckt u. a. in J.A.L …” „… : Independence of the Judiciary, Administration of Justice, Impunity (2002), 58th session, Doc. No. E/CN …”

Sicherungen der Unabhängigkeit der richterlichen Entscheidung im staatlichen Gesamtgefüge S. 415-421

„… : „it must be kept in mind […] that judicial independence is an evolving concept”.416in Südafrika ein …” „… Ausgleichszwischen richterlicher Unabhängigkeit (judicial independence) und richterlicherVerantwortlichkeit (judicial …” „… inneren Unabhängigkeitdes Richters ab.In Südafrika hat namentlich die Einrichtung der Judicial Service …”

Prägung des Richters durch gesellschaftliche Einflüsse S. 365-371

„… , Independence and Impartiality of Judges, in: Weissbrodt/Wolfrum, S. 727 (730).1668 Vgl. Papier, in: NJW 2001 …” „… Justice and the Human Righs of Detainees: Study onthe Independence and Impartiality of the Judiciary …” „… , Jurors and Assessors and the Independence of Lawyers, UN Doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1985/18.368I. Prägung des …”

Unabhängigkeit gegenüber der Judikative S. 250-270

„… Association Minimum Standards of Judicial Independence verlangen darüber hinaus, daßdie Verteilung der …” „… vested in the Chief Justice, it is not considered inconsistent with judicial independence to accord to …” „… Einstellungsvoraussetzung betonen Richter des PretoriaHigh Court, siehe Ngoepe, White Paper on the Judicial System …”

Historische Entwicklung der richterlichen Unabhängigkeit S. 38-44

„… richterlichen Unabhängigkeitim englischen Sprachgebrauch, judicial independence, weiterer Präzisierung …” „… allemdurch Blackstone, vgl. zur englischen Tradition der richterlichen Unabhängigkeit: Stevens,Judicial …” „… Independence in England, in: Russell/O’Brien, S. 155 (158 f.).63 Schulze-Fielitz, in: Dreier, GG, Bd. III, Art …”

Zusammenfassung: Konzepte richterlicher Unabhängigkeit S. 132-133

„… waren, vgl.Stevens, Judicial Independence in England, in: Russell/O’Brien, S. 155 ff. …” „… BasicPrinciples on the Independence of the Judiciary sieht lediglich vor, daß das Prinzip in derVerfassung eines …”

Balance zwischen richterlicher Unabhängigkeit und richterlicher Verantwortlichkeit S. 421-425

„… (judicial independence) und richterlicherVerantwortlichkeit (judicial accountability) die neu geschaffene …” „… Judicial ServiceCommission ein. Neben ihrer Zuständigkeit in Personalangelegenheiten soll siezukünftig auch …” „… eine maßgebliche Rolle in Disziplinarverfahren gegen Richter spielen. Über die Beteiligung der Judicial …”

Bindung an Präjudizien S. 117-120

„… weiteren Ansatzes in bezug auf die Gesetzesauslegung, vgl. Stevens, Judicial Independence in England,in …” „… . 214 ff.: Sources of Law – Judicial Precedent.480 Eingeführt wurde die Bindung an …” „… nicht vermochte, die Gesetzesnormenrechtzeitig an gewandelte Lebensverhältnisse anzupassen.III. Judicial …”

Richterbild und „Rechtsstil“ S. 61-85

„… . 83, die Funktion von Magistrates so beschrieben: „The magistrateis a judicial officer [...] and is in …” „… 115 (1998), S. 436.198 Cameron, Judicial Accountability, in: SALJ 107 (1990), S. 251 (263); siehe …” „… ferner die Nachweise bei van Blerk, in: Corder, S. 26 ff.199 Cameron, Judicial Accountability, in: SALJ …”

Terminologie S. 36-38

„… Sprachgebrauch, judicial independence, weiterer Präzisierung. DieserBegriff erfaßt nicht nur die Unabhängigkeit …” „… und Magistrates werden im südafrikanischen Sprachgebrauch üblicherweise unterdem Begriff der Judicial …”

Bindung an das Gesetz S. 113-117

„… Gesetzesauslegung, vgl. Stevens, Judicial Independence in England,in: Russell/O’Brien, S. 155 ff.; siehe für …” „… – Judicial Precedent.480 Eingeführt wurde die Bindung an Gerichtsentscheidungen mit der Errichtung des Cape …”

Unabhängigkeit gegenüber der Legislative S. 238-250

„… ein richterliches Prüfungsrecht (power of judicial review): Fedtke, Rezeption von Verfassungsrecht,S …” „… entgegengewirkt (judicial self-restraint)1125. Eine weitere Sicherunggegen eine zu starke Kontrolle durch die …” „… bürgerliche und politische Rechte sowie Prinzip Nr. 3 der UN Basic Principles on the Independence of the …”

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Transition 2.0

Michal Bobek (ed.), Adam Bodnar (ed.), Armin von Bogdandy (ed.), Pál Sonnevend (ed.)

Series: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht

Volume 320 2023

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Authoritarianism, Judicial Independence and Democratic Transition S. 91-112

„… backsliding.Major Global Threats to Judicial IndependenceThe judiciary is currently under attack and this is a …” „… to respond to attacks on democracy.Corruption and Judicial IndependenceGeneral remarksCorruption …” „… Authoritarianism, Judicial Independence and Democratic TransitionDiego García-SayánI. Introduction …”

Defective Judicial Appointments and their Rectification under European Standards S. 425-470

„… the basis for appealing their rulings.Reinforcement of the rule of law and judicial independenceThe …” „… followed the law and stood up for judicial independence.Thirdly, transitional constitutionalism, one of the …” „… of law and judicial independence 451V. Determinants for Rectifying Defective Appointments 4521 …”

The Role of the Court of Justice of the EU in Transition 2.0 S. 471-494

„… it comes to judicial independence.Second, the ASJP case thickened the interpretation of the second …” „… play an essential role in making courts more confident in bringing judicial independence/rule of law …” „… 471II. Context 473III. Rediscovering the Treaties Through the Judicial Independence Case-Law 4761 …”

EU Law and Judicial Decisions of National Judges Appointed in Breach of European Standards S. 383-424

„… Krajewski and Michał Ziółkowski, ‘EU Judicial Independence Decentralized: AK’, CML Rev. 57 (2020 …” „… . and Others,13 Simpson,14 Ástráðsson15and W.Ż.16 rulings.17 Those tests of judicial independence …” „… Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union in their recent case law on judicial independence …”

Court-Unpacking: A Preliminary Inquiry S. 323-360

„… court-packing plans erode judicial independence, the separation of powers and the rule of law, because they …” „… scope of political interferences in judicial independence. As to the procedural aspect, there must be a …” „… discourse), the rule of law and judicial independence (Europe) or public trust. Yet, these terms are fuzzy …”

Poland After Elections in 2023: Transition 2.0 in the Judiciary S. 299-322

„… , illiberalism, democratic backsliding, authoritarianism, judicial independence, courts, European Union …” „… and secret services. Judicial independence has been curtailed. The road towards illiberal democracy …” „… and judicial independence.12 The ECtHR declared that judicial panels composed of judges appointed by …”

The Constitutional Trap S. 227-248

„… Wyrzykowski228of these values, in particular the rule of law and judicial independence.2 The systemic nature …” „… ), 451–483; Michał Krajewski and Michał Ziółkowski, ‘A. Court of Justice: EU judicial independence …” „… 2018) deemed by the ECJ as not meeting the conditions of judicial independence. All of these requests …”

EU Values as Constraints and Facilitators in Democratic Transitions S. 113-142

„… , judicial independence, electoral law, transformative constitutionalism, democratic transitions* This …” „… Transitions115the Member States’ obligation to guarantee judicial independence.6 Since Article 19 TEU ‘gives …” „… containing standards of judicial independence applicable to any court that ‘may rule … on questions …”

Asymmetric Rupture: Stabilizing Democratic Transitions 2.0 with Transnational Law S. 249-276

„… , through the growing set of judicial independence cases of the ECJ, comprising both the infringement …” „… threat to judicial independence of the highest order. But we know from the Polish cases that the standard …” „… of judicial independence used by the ECJ would surely be violated by this practice. In its account of …”

The Liberation of Illiberal Democracy: On Limits of Democratization after the Authoritarian Backlash S. 33-58

„… judicial independence and the rule of law.According to this view, the success of constitutional transitions …” „… democratic values and practices. Nevertheless, promulgating the principles of judicial independence is not …” „… fall short of what Linz and Stepan describe 12 Stephen Holmes, 'Judicial Independence as Ambiguous …”

Reversing a Member State’s Regression and Restoring (its) Union Membership S. 497-534

„… standards of judicial independence which the EU judicature had articulated, notably in its case law …” „… requires that it (re)aligns its system (constitutional, administrative, judicial, political) and its …” „… judicial notion of ‘non-regression’ (1). It will be suggested that more than ‘mere’ continued respect for …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Opposition 59Diego García-SayánAuthoritarianism, Judicial Independence and Democratic Transition 91Armin von …” „… Court of Human Rights. Case law of both of these judicial bodies, together with documents emanating from …” „… constraints in place. It articulated what type of structural, legal, or judicial changes are not permissible …”

What Role for Courts in Transforming a Society? A Central European Cautionary Tale S. 361-382

„… Revolutions Too Many? 366IV. The Euro-Wave: From Euro-Timidity to the Judicial Self-Defence 371V. The …” „… role of courts in social transitions in the specific Central European judicial context. It explains why …” „… prevailing judicial culture, shaped by historical experience, the (ordinary)1 courts in I.1 Unless expressly …”

Transition 2.0 and Rule of Law-Mainstreaming in the European Union S. 535-562

„… , already provide a primary legal framework for the rule of law, e.g., with regard to judicial independence …” „… . These may include both judicial and non-judicial mechanisms, individual prosecution, reparations …” „… or of the independence of the judiciary etc.33 Also, the Court has used the value of the rule of law …”

Approaching Transition 2.0 in a Realist, Structural, Principled and Inclusive Constitutional Manner S. 13-32

„… have opposed this illegal tempering with the independence of the judiciary have been subject to …” „… independence of the judiciary in the longer run.10Similar measures have been adopted in relation to other …” „… international laic and expert communities, as well as confirmed by independent judicial authorities external to …”

Centralized Judicial Review and the Problem of its ‘Over-Centralization’ S. 277-296

„… of Judicial Independence and the Mental Transitions of the Central European Judiciaries’, Eur. Pub. L …” „… Centralized Judicial Review and the Problem of its ‘Over-Centralization’Zdeněk KühnI. The Dreams of …” „… judiciary; democratic backsliding; rise of authoritarian democracies; centralized judicial review …”

How to Return from a Hybrid Regime into a Constitutional Democracy? Hypothetical Constitutional Scenarios for Hungary and a Few Potential Lessons for Poland* S. 145-226

„… independence as the independence of the judicial branch from the government. But this is not really the key …” „… reinforce the guarantees of division/separation of powers. For example, many interpret judicial …” „… Regime into a Constitutional Democracy?165implicit models of judicial decision-making),66 mostly …”

How to Make Article 10 TEU Operational? The Right to Influence the Exercise of State Power and Cardinal Laws in Hungary S. 563-584

„… of judicial independence following from Article 19(1) and (2) TEU.70 The independence of national …” „… independence, a lost war or a revolution. Some of these ex nihilo constitution making processes26 have even …” „… public authorities, and does not mention concerns relating to its independence in general terms.29As it …”

The Venice Commission and Constitutional Dilemmas S. 585-0

„… 2023), 269–287.2 To name just a few famous examples: the dismantling of the judicial system in Poland …” „… involving the executive, the legislative and the judicial branch of power on an equal footing. The …” „… they posed a threat to the State independence and national security of Ukraine, and he was thus …”

Reversing Authoritarianism in the EU: Transformative Politics and the Role of Opposition S. 59-90

„… , attacked the free press and independent civil society, restricted judicial independence and changed …” „… the Rule of Law through Judicial Dialogue’, Yearbook of European Law 38 (2019), 3–17; Alison L. Yong …”

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The Independence of International Courts

Dominik Zimmermann

Series: Successful Dispute Resolution

Volume 1 2014

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Chapter F: Judicial Independence in the International Criminal Court S. 284-342

„… Chapter F: Judicial Independence in the International CriminalCourtI. IntroductionThe ICC1031 is a …” „… International Criminal Jurisdiction (1 – 31 August 1951) UN Doc. A/2136.286Chapter F: Judicial Independence in …” „… , M.-Christiane, 'The Work of the Sixth Committee at the288Chapter F: Judicial Independence in the International …”

Chapter B: The Notion of Judicial Independence – The Analytical Framework S. 47-88

„… Judicial Independence?1. The Protected Apparatus – The Subject of IndependenceAs was indicated in the …” „… . Textual Approach – What do We Mean by Judicial Independence?alone, however, does not with any degree of …” „… drawn from this is that judicial independence,seen from a purely linguistic analysis of the first part …”

Chapter D: Judicial Independence in the International Court of Justice S. 124-211

„… of Judicial IndependenceThe question has been raised whether candidates for the bench of the ICJmust …” „… Chapter D: Judicial Independence in the International Court ofJusticeI. IntroductionThe ICJ327 was …” „… International Justice 1920-1942 – A Treatise,111.126Chapter D: Judicial Independence in the International Court …”

Chapter H: Judicial Independence in the European Court of Human Rights S. 425-511

„… it two important consequences for the understandingof its judicial independence.Firstly, the Court …” „… Chapter H: Judicial Independence in the European Court ofHuman RightsI. IntroductionThe ECtHR1632 …” „… these traditions have a major influence on theconsolidation of the principle of judicial independence …”

Chapter E: Judicial Independence in the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea S. 212-283

„… Chapter E: Judicial Independence in the International Tribunalfor the Law of the SeaI …” „… the Tribunal’s independence, and integration into a competitive system of judicial dispute settlement …” „… questionablewhether the protection of judicial independence may itself influence thewillingness of States to make use …”

Chapter G: Judicial Independence in the Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda S. 343-424

„… Chapter G: Judicial Independence in the Ad Hoc InternationalCriminal Tribunals for the Former …” „… ) UN Doc. S/PV.3175, 8.346Chapter G: Judicial Independence in the Ad Hoc International Criminal …” „… -94-2-I (4 November 1994).348Chapter G: Judicial Independence in the Ad Hoc International Criminal …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-32

„… judicial independence as currently applied to andby the international judiciary. Rooted in a functional …” „… requirements for judicial independence in the evaluated courtsshow a general consensus and he is able to point …” „… the pillars of theMinerva Research Group on Judicial Independence, the overall aim of which was to …”

Chapter A: Introduction S. 33-46

„… study: the adherence of the international judiciary20 to the standard of judicial independence.In the …” „… Independence', in: Russell, Peter H. et al. (eds) Judicial Independence in the Age of Democracy – Critical …” „… of judicial independence is considered to bethe core element of the human right to a fair trial …”

Chapter I: Summary of Conclusions and Outlook S. 512-522

„… II. Contents and Deficits of a Common Core of Judicial Independencetheir independence. One salient …” „… Deficits of a Common Core of Judicial Independence2. Personal IndependenceAs regards the personal …” „… the representation and implementation ofinterests forms a central component. Judicial independence …”

Chapter C: The International Judiciary – Defining the Object of Investigation S. 89-123

„… stage for the elaboration of provisions concerning the independence of international courts.II. Judicial …” „… edn. 1982), 258.91II. Judicial Independence in its Historical Contextforced to turn into a burden once …” „… courts.93II. Judicial Independence in its Historical ContextDespite the boost the creation of the PCA …”

Bibliography S. 539-598

„… 1987).Akkas, Sarkar Ali, Judicial Independence and Accountability: A Comparative Study ofContemporary …” „… Law (Cambridge University Press Cambridge 6th edn.2009).Shetreet, Shimon (ed), Judicial Independence …” „… New York 1955).Van-Hoa, To, Judicial Independence: A Legal Research on its Theoretical …”

Appendix: International Courts – A Chart S. 525-530

„… OfficeYesYesYesYesNoYesRequirement forNational Judicial OfficesNoNoNoNoNoYesCompetence inGeneral International …” „… ofIndependenceYesYesYesYesNoNoRequirement ofImpartialityNoYesYesYesYesNoRequirement ofIntegrityNoNoNoNoYesNoRequirement ofFairnessNine …” „… years)NoNoNoNoNoAge LimitYesYesYesYesYesYesSolemnDeclarationAny activitywhich is incompatible withtheir independence …”

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Rule of Law and the Judiciary

Katja Meier (ed.), Astrid Lorenz (ed.), Mattias Wendel, Maitre en droit (ed.)

2023

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Jan Němec Judicial independence in the Czech Republic – Walking on a tightrope S. 79-98

„… Part II:Scholarly Perspectives on Judicial IndependenceJudicial independence in the Czech Republic …” „… of politicians and judges on the stateof judicial independence in Czechia. This section is based on …” „… will show that judicial independence in theCzech Republic, although institutionalized on paper, cannot …”

Adam Bodnar The role of Polish civil society in supporting EU activities as regards protection of judicial independence and other elements of the rule of law S. 167-180

„… in campaigning for such abstract values as judicial independence.This activity has been appreciated …” „… asregards protection of judicial independence and other elementsof the rule of lawAdam Bodnar1 …” „… the ProsecutorGeneral?2 Judicial independence, the rule of law and the reaction of the …”

Anne Sanders Judgments and recommendations S. 143-164

„… far-reachingeffects, however, but only those meant to protect judicial independence.In Xero Flor v. Poland,15 the …” „… within theframework of the ECHR. Judicial independence, while of great importancefor the rule of law, is …” „… judicial independence from the perspective of partiesCases concerning Article 6 ECHR may address aspects of …”

Mattias Wendel Enforcing the independence of national courts by means of EU law S. 123-142

„… directly oblige the Member States under EUlaw to ensure judicial independence of national courts and …” „… principleof judicial independence as guaranteed by EU law was to be interpretedas meaning that it precluded …” „… judi‐cial reforms, is based. A functioning national judiciary, however, requiresjudicial independence …”

Astrid Lorenz, Mattias Wendel Rule of law challenges as integration booster, learning from resilient actors and ambiguities of rule of law by design S. 15-34

„… reflects on the experiences from legal and political practicewith regard to judicial independence.In a …” „… judicial independence.Adam Bodnar, former Ombudsman for Human Rights of the Republicof Poland, sheds light …” „… particularly judicial independence not just inthe EU Member States, but also at EU level.6 It became clear that …”

Werner Reutter German state constitutional courts: the justices S. 99-122

„… accountability has somehow to reflect judicial independence.Yet the balance between these two principles is …” „… Independence’ in Christine Landfried (ed), Judicial Power: How ConstitutionalCourts Affect Political …” „… the Judicial System Part I: TheIndependence of Judges adopted by the Venice Commission at its 82nd …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… 61Scholarly Perspectives on Judicial IndependencePart II:Jan NěmecJudicial independence in the Czech …” „… of judicial independence and other elements ofthe rule of law 167Klaus RennertKeynote speechJudicial …” „… the rule of law is needed daily. Inparticular, judicial independence must be preserved, corruption …”

Bettina Limperg, Joachim Herrmann, Wojciech Piątek, Ivo Šlosarčík Panel discussion S. 187-206

„… conditionality mechanism a suitable instrument for combating a lackof judicial independence?Herrmann: The …” „… . It en‐compasses judicial independence, the fight against corruption, and mediadiversity, but possibly …” „… discussed very often. The firstis judicial independence, and the second is dialogue.The independence of the …”

Astrid Lorenz, Lisa H. Anders Conceptions and perceptions of the rule of law and how studying them can help to resolve the EU rule of law crisis S. 37-60

„… associatedwith the concept, but less strongly. Judicial independence, by contrast,played a less prominent role …” „… aboutthe relevance of such other issues, like judicial independence, as an elementof the rule of law which …” „… arbitrariness of the executive powers; effect‐ive judicial protection, including access to justice, by …”

Klaus Rennert Keynote speech S. 181-186

„… Keynote speechJudicial appointments: Between politics, independence andprofessionalism – An impulse …” „… proved to bethe most effective way of safeguarding judicial independence. For this rea‐son, I consider …” „… for discussionKlaus RennertLadies and Gentlemen,The title of my presentation, “Judicial appointments …”

Ivo Šlosarčík The future of rule of law in the European Union beyond Polish and Hungarian controversies S. 61-76

„… , ‘EU Judicial Independence Decentralized: A.K.’(2020) 57 Common Market Law Review 1107.24 In more …” „… separation ofthe powers, independence and impartiality of the judiciary or its systemof judicial review …” „… of law an “appearance of judicial independence” ofnational courts is from the perspective of a …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748940999

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