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Commercial Law

Peter Mankowski (ed.)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

Results in this title

Raimond Emde Introduction S. 1247-1264

„… . HGB (German Commercial Code) 1953 (Federal Law Gazette I 1953, 771). This has an effect on its …” „… decisions.13 The national commercial agent law has thus also experienced a strong European legal imprint due …” „… books) and 17 (indemnity or compensation system)15 – commercial agent law has largely become aligned …”

Raimond Emde Article 2 S. 1266-1271

„… Directive applies exclusively – and thus narrower than the German law – for the commercial agent …” „… . 1 et seqq.; Randolph/Davey, European Law of Commercial Agency, 2010. 49 In the UK, however, the …” „… relative uniformity.52 The jurisprudence on commercial agent law could only be transferred to other sales …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction to the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“PICC”) S. 462-476

„… production) (cited as “Mankowski/Author, Commercial Law/Chapter __”); McGee, Andrew, Limitation Periods, 7th …” „… International Restatement of Contract Law: The UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, 3d ed …” „… European Contract Law and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (2004), Uniform Law …”

Raimond Emde Article 17 S. 1287-1295

„… existing German law, which had existed in this form since the reform of the German commercial agent law in …” „… the commercial agent. Hence, British courts, deviating from the German case law, have denied the …” „… co-ordination of the laws of the member states relating to self-employed commercial agents (86/653/EEC), (COM(96 …”

Raimond Emde Article 18 S. 1296-1298

„… of national law. The background of the scheme is the assumption that the commercial agent has …” „… contract which conforms with commercial practice. However, the courts retain a discretion to award a …” „… terminated as a result of the commercial agent’s death. Article 17 para. 4 signifies that the entitlement to …”

Peter Mankowski Introduction S. 1-8

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 I. General remarks Commercial law is an oscillating notion. It is neither clear cut nor crystal …” „… clear. It is not per definitionem confined to certain areas of the law. A canon of commercial law does …” „… not exist, even less a universally accepted one. Hence, a commentary on Commercial Law as part of the …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 1 Subject matter and scope S. 1307-1310

„… in the invoice or laid down by law.1 In the commercial environment, however, many payments are …” „… in Commercial Transactions’, Bklyn Journal of International Law 2013, 702. Art. 1 Dir. 2011/7/EU …” „… in commercial transactions, COM(1998) 126 final, 4. 18 McCormack, Journal of Corporate Law Studies …”

Raimond Emde Article 4 S. 1272-1273

„… the case law”.1 Good faith is crucial for the model of the commercial agency contract. As a general …” „… -489/07, ECR 2009, I-7356 – Messner (not commercial agent law). 4 But concerning the Europeanization …” „… principle of EU law, it prescribes a minimum standard of lawful conduct. The practical need results from the …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Introduction Introduction Dir. 2011/7/EU S. 1305-1306

„… the Approximation of the Civil and Commercial Law of the Member States4 devoted its efforts to …” „… approximation of the civil and commercial law of the Member States of 13 June 2002, O.J. C 140 E, 538. 5 …” „… , ‘Retention of Title and the EC Late Payment Directive’, Journal of Corporate Law Studies 2001 (cited as …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XLVI

„… Mankowski Commercial Law BUT_Mankowski_3315-6.indd 1 30.10.18 09:21 International and European …” „… Business Law by Schulze / Lehmann Commercial Law Article-by-Article Commentary edited by Peter Mankowski …” „… dependable legal framework are thus of the absolute essence. Commercial law is the branch of the law called …”

Raimond Emde Article 6 S. 1275-1276

„… may only involve mandatory law for the protection of the commercial agent. The possibility of adopting …” „… intended by the parties to express their intent not to conclude a “typical” commercial agency contract, but …” „… legal romanticism. Private international law affords the parties some options to influence the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Preamble (Purpose of the Principles) S. 477-483

„… commercial contracts The UNIDROIT Principles provide general ‘rules’, not law. These rules are ‘general …” „… law’, the lex mercatoria or the like (such as ‘international commercial law’),24 the 3. 14 Article 3 …” „… of Law in International Commercial Arbitration How to Find Them – How to Apply Them, World …”

Raimond Emde Article 7 S. 1277-1278

„… 7 to 12 shall not apply if the commercial agent is not remunerated wholly or in part by commission …” „… remuneration. Article 6 para. 3 thus has only declaratory value. Article 7 para. 1 1. A commercial agent shall …” „… be entitled to commission on commercial transactions concluded during the period covered by the …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 2 Definitions S. 1311-1320

„… of European Union law in all Member States. II. Article 2 (1) – Commercial transactions A …” „… law. Payments under the laws on cheques and bills of exchange as well as payments made as compensation …” „… this Directive, the following definitions shall apply: (1) ‘commercial transactions’ means transactions …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 7 Unfair contractual terms and practices S. 1342-1349

„… commercial relationships, and that an increase in the compensation amount should be considered.12 However, in …” „… commercial practice, contrary to good faith and fair dealing; (b) the nature of the product or the service …” „… according to the applicable national law before the courts or before competent administrative bodies on the …”

Raimond Emde Article 19 S. 1299

„… ), which is less favorable to the commercial agent than compared to the law at the place of activity of the …” „… commercial agent (Belgium), but is still in line with the Directive, the latter may invoke the law at the …” „… Article 19 The parties may not derogate from Articles 17 and 18 to the detriment of the commercial …”

Introduction Introduction LPC S. 418-421

„… Commercial Code’, 25 Texas International Law Journal 22 (1990); Krapp, ‘Die Abkommen der Vereinten Nationen …” „… ) UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration for the Limitation Convention could be …” „… puzzle that doesn’t quite fit’, Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration 15 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.2.6 (Liability of agent acting without or exceeding its authority) S. 530

„… ’ as a Matter of Non-Contractual Law In many legal systems corporate and/or commercial law requires the …” „… and/or company law)18 in a commercial register which, as a matter of commercial law, documents the power …” „… . 2 sentence 1 German Commercial Law (HGB). 20 Except for (rare) errors of the commercial register …”

Raimond Emde Article 9 S. 1280

„… letter a to interpret the autonomous law such that every contributing commercial agent initially acquires …” „… 9 A commercial agent shall not be entitled to the commission referred to in Article 7, if that …” „… commission is payable, pursuant to Article 8, to the previous commercial agent, unless it is equitable …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 18 Damage to Cargo S. 1206-1212

„… 452 b of the Commercial Code and by maritime law if damage occurred during carriage on the high seas …” „… based on fault by introducing a new type of liability into transport law that is based on the concept of …” „… Weltraumrecht im 21. Jahrhundert – Air and Space Law in the 21st Century, Liber Amicorum Karl-Heinz Böckstiegel …”

Raimond Emde Article 21 S. 1301

„… in France),3 a partial choice of law is conceivable in cross-border cases. Whether the respective …” „… Member State courts. Article 20 para. 1 looks solely to the commercial activity of the commercial agent …” „… – also with regard to the definition of the commercial agent as self-employed in Article 1 para. 2 …”

Raimond Emde Article 22 S. 1301

Raimond Emde Article 3 S. 1272

„… the case law”.1 Good faith is crucial for the model of the commercial agency contract. As a general …” „… principle of EU law, it prescribes a minimum standard of lawful conduct. The practical need results from the …” „… protection of commercial agents in a secondary occupation.68 It was originally geared to so-called …”

Article 1.7 (Good faith and fair dealing) S. 492-493

„… also Dessemontet, Francois, Commercial Soft Law and Soft Codification on Conflicts, in : Eppur si muove …” „… ) CISG); see also no. 42: ‘a general principle of law’(after due regard to ‘public policy’ considerations …” „… law’s distinction between good faith and fair dealing.7 Para. 2 expressly declares the principle in para …”

Article 25 CISG S. 130-142

„… Corporation) = http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/011217u1.html. 60 Tribunal of International Commercial …” „… Contracts, 1 European Journal of Commercial Contract Law (2009) 19; Bortolotti, ‘Remedies Available to the …” „… International Sale of Goods’, 9 Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law & Arbitration 253 (2005 …”

Raimond Emde Article 13 S. 1283

„… 2. A commercial agent shall be entitled to demand that he be provided with all the information, and …” „… 2 to the detriment of the commercial agent shall not be permitted. 4. This Directive shall not …” „… conflict with the internal provisions of Member States which recognize the right of a commercial agent to …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 14 CISG S. 58-69

„… Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration 233, 234; CISG Advisory Council Opinion No …” „… Private Law (UNIDROIT), UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (2016) Art. 2.1.19 (2 …” „… ) Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law & Arbitration 259, 290; Zachariasiewicz, 116. 76 For …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.7 (Alternative dispute resolution) S. 777-778

„… preparatory work for the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Conciliation):5 (i) Upon the parties …” „… . 122. 5 See in the cutrrent text Art. 1(3) of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial …” „… Law on International Commercial Arbitration13 lists the usual ways of termination of an ADR proceeding …”

Raimond Emde Article 15 S. 1284-1285

„… substantially to the parallel regulation already introduced in 1953 under German law in Section 85 HGB and which …” „… subject to a written form requirement (for example in German law, the so-called del credere liability, cf …” „… period in the sense of Article 15. It is sufficient for a tacit agreement if the commercial agent …”

Raimond Emde Article 11 S. 1282

„… against the commercial agent is secured via retention of a part of the commission for a limited …” „… is due to a reason for which the principal is not to blame. 2. Any commission which the commercial …” „… derogate from paragraph 1 to the detriment of the commercial agent shall not be permitted. Article 11 …”

Raimond Emde Article 12 S. 1282

Raimond Emde Article 8 S. 1279

„… customers. Article 8 A commercial agent shall be entitled to commission on commercial transactions concluded …” „… commercial agent's efforts during the period covered by the agency contract and if the transaction was …” „… conditions mentioned in Article 7, the order of the third party reached the principal or the commercial agent …”

Stefan Kröll Introduction S. 1416-1419

„… Practices and the Growth of Commercial Contract Law’, 2015 Annual Review of International Banking Law and …” „… jurisdictions. In these transactions letters of credit, often referred to as commercial letters of credits as …” „… Guarantess under International Trade Law (2nd edn, 2008) p. 32 et seq.; Sindberg, UCP 600 Transport Documents …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 33 Jurisdiction S. 1230-1231

„… estate. This provision confirms the existing theory and practice under both civil and common law …” „… on its own aircraft or on another carrier's aircraft pursuant to a commercial agreement, and in which …” „… the carrier itself or by another carrier with which it has a commercial agreement. 3. For the purposes …”

Stefan Kröll Article 1 Application of UCP S. 1420-1421

„… important types of documents used, which are regulated in → Art. 18 et seq. They include commercial invoices …” „… derived from the law of negotiable instruments.24 The exact meaning of terms such as “negotiation” or …” „… of International Banking Law and Practice, 51 et seq. Art. 1 UCP 1420 Stefan Kröll 16 17 18 19 20 1 …”

Peter Mankowski Article 1 CISG S. 11-19

„… designed law for cross-border commercial sales contracts. Its Contracting States acknowledge this and abide …” „… . 20 Korkein Oikeus (www.cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/051014f4.html). 21 BG CISG-online No. 1319. 22 …” „… autonomously without recourse to domestic law. The CISG is an instrument of internationally uniform substantive …”

Gilles Cuniberti Introduction S. 1363-1366

„… asset-based financing’, (2002) Uniform Law Review 3 and (2003) Uniform Commercial Code Law Journal 1; Goode …” „… with transnational commercial law treaties – A Framework applied to the Cape Town Convention’ (2014) 3 …” „… Engines’, (2004) 69 Journal of Air Law and Commerce 3; Cuming, ‘Overview of the Convention on …”

Stefan Kröll Article 14 Standard for Examination of Documents S. 1451-1455

„… document or the credit. e. In documents other than the commercial invoice, the description of the goods …” „… document or commercial invoice, without stipulating by whom the document is to be issued or its data …” „… Law and Practice, p. 348. Art. 14 UCP 1452 Stefan Kröll 1 2 3 4 5 Article 14 (b) Article 14 (b …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 47 Extinction of right of action S. 1174

„… or commercial matters (Brussels Convention).1 Article 46 of the CIM UR does not contain any …” „… agreements between States or in concessions. The criteria concerning the applicable law, of letters a) and b …” „… ” (“Zweigniederlassung oder Geschäftsstelle”) correspond to the criteria concerning applicable law used in Article 5, No …”

Raimond Emde Article 16 S. 1286

„… an option of the commercial agent under consideration. Article 15 para. 6 determines that the notice …” „… autonomous law.2 Article 16 Nothing in this Directive shall affect the application of the law of the Member …” „… cause for termination in the law of the Member States beyond the reasons set out in Article 16.2 …”

Raimond Emde Article 1 S. 1265

„… law, the interpretation of the Directive that is most favorable to commercial agents will always have …” „… non-application of European indemnity law by a foreign court is certain.179 Should actual certainty about the …” „… country law economically compensates for the missing indemnity claim, for example by higher commissions …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.14 (Application for public permission) S. 615-616

„… , Public Law and Public Policy in International Commercial Contracts and the UNIDROIT Principles of …” „… International Commercial Contracts 2010: A Brief Outline, Uniform Law Review 2013, p. 262 and 275-276 (pointing …” „… at similar provisions in the 1976 International Commercial Contracts Law of the former German …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 32 Death of Person Liable S. 1230

Raimond Emde Article 20 S. 1300

„… business activities of a commercial agent following termination of the agency contract is hereinafter …” „… group of customers and the geographical area entrusted to the commercial agent and to the kind of goods …” „… national law which impose other restrictions on the validity or enforceability of restraint of trade …”

Marco Torsello Article 31 CISG S. 163-174

„… International Sale of Goods’ (2005) 9 Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration 253, 268 …” „… Commercial Law across National Boundaries. Festschrift for Albert H Kritzer on the Occasion of his Eightieth …” „… Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration 74, 84. 81 ECJ, 6 October 1976, C-12/76 …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Introduction S. 1179-1183

„… Ruckteschell and David Heffernan (eds), Cologne Compendium on Air Law in Europe (Carl Heymanns Verlag, 2013 …” „… (Kluwer Law International, looseleaf) (cited as “Giemulla/Schmid”). Introduction A. The Warsaw Convention …” „… transportation was already recognized in the very early days of commercial air carriage. The evolution of what …”

Marco Torsello Article 30 CISG S. 156-162

„… Commercial Transactions’, in C Andersen and U. Schröter (eds), Sharing International Commercial Law across …” „… September 2008 – 11 07 4 = http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/0 80912s1.html. 30 Gruber, ‘Art. 29 CISG’, in …” „… translation available at: http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/08071 5sb.html. 7 On the seller’s burden of proof …”

Stefan Kröll Article 18 Commercial Invoice S. 1466-1468

„… Article 18 Commercial Invoice a. A commercial invoice: i. must appear to have been issued by the …” „… bank may accept a commercial invoice issued for an amount in excess of the amount permitted by the …” „… goods, services or performance in a commercial invoice must correspond with that appearing in the credit …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.9 (Non-assignment clauses) S. 727-728

„… between (i) the desire of the obligor to control with whom it is doing business2 and (ii) the commercial …” „… need of the obligee (and the commercial community as a whole)3 ”to treat accounts receivables as part …” „… interest better than English law).6 The balance developed by the working group overcomes various national …”

Raimond Emde Article 14 S. 1284

Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… Convention Intro 16 Commercial invoice UCP 18 1 et seqq. Commercial law – circumscription Intro 2, 3 …” „… become entitled under the credit, in accordance with the provisions of applicable law. This article …” „… for an assignment of proceeds are to be derived solely from the applicable law and the credit but …”

Peter Mankowski Article 4 CISG S. 28-30

„… , ‘Extending the CISG to non-privity parties’, Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and …” „… International Commercial Law and Arbitration 13 (2009), 131; Magnus, ‘Incorporation of Standard Contract Terms …” „… non-privity parties’, Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration 13 (2009), 109 …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 4 Transactions between undertakings and public authorities S. 1334-1338

„… interpreted restrictively; European Union law demands an autonomous interpretation of the Directive, and any …” „… Transactions between undertakings and public authorities 1. Member States shall ensure that, in commercial …” „… ensure that in commercial transactions where the debtor is a public authority: (a) the period for payment …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 35 Limitation of Actions S. 1233

„… . The method of calculating that period shall be determined by the law of the court seized of the case …” „… limitation, the European Court of Justice3 has held that in the absence of provisions of EU law on the matter …” „… , the time limits for bringing actions for compensation for flight cancellation under EU law shall be …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 15 Addressees S. 1362

„… national law of one Member State (transposing the Directive) can be agreed upon.1 The provisions of the …” „… Directive consequently can apply in commercial transactions with non-EU-residents.2 Moreover, the Directive …” „… applies to commercial transactions of undertakings organised in the EFTA states and Switzerland.3 1 See …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 3 Transactions between undertakings S. 1321-1333

„… execution. Article 3 Transactions between undertakings 1. Member States shall ensure that, in commercial …” „… ‘extraordinary financing mechanism’ was valid had to be evaluated in the light of Spanish national law. In this …” „… for this provision in Article 79 CISG,7 it can be observed that the character of the law is not about …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 18 CISG S. 81-92

„… ) North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation 275; Schroeter, Art. 18 para. 33 …” „… , CISG-online 574 (http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/ca ses/991021f1.html) (silence plus previous practice of always …” „… Resurrected: Contract Formation: Common Law UCC CISG’ (2015) 40(2) North Carolina Journal of International Law …”

Peter Mankowski Article 7 CISG S. 37-41

„… : How Much Regard Should We Have?’, Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration 8 …” „… International Commercial Law and Arbitration 13 (2009), 15; id., ‘Homeward Trend and Lex Forism in Uniform Sales …” „… which extent they can do so effectively and validly, is to be answered by the private international law …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 79 CISG S. 367-376

„… creditor.55 If the tribunal under the forum’s procedural-law rules, however, investigates issues of law ex …” „… ), note 3.8; see also Harry M. Flechtner, ‘Art 78’ para. 420, in John O. Honnold, Uniform Law for …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 e) Examples (case law and commentary …”

Christoph Oertel IV. INCOTERMS® 2010 S. 828-897

„… International Commercial Law across National Boundaries: Festschrift for Albert H. Kritzer on the Occasion of …” „… the contract of sale or the substantive law applicable to the contract.57 II. Commercial invoice. The …” „… International Commercial Law across National Boundaries: Festschrift for Albert H. Kritzer on the Occasion of …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 24 CISG S. 116-129

„… Commercial Law & Arbitration 305, 309; Schroeter, Art. 24 para. 18. 49 As required for BGB § 130(1 …” „… International Commercial Law & Arbitration 309; Peter Huber and Alastair Mullis, The CISG: A New Textbook for …” „… of International Commercial Law & Arbitration 311; Schroeter, Art. 24 para. 23; Ferrari, Art. 24 para …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.11 (Successive assignments) S. 731-732

„… UNIDROIT Principles, so that the (successive) assignee, as a reasonable commercial person, know or ought to …” „… in no. 6 (whereby it is submitted here that the reasonable commercial person-test will often be …” „… contract, i.e. irrespective of the applicable law to the assignments). 6 Vogenauer/Mazza Art. 9.1.11 no. 4 …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 28 CISG S. 150-152

„… of International Commercial Law & Arbitration (2005) 253 (275); Walt, ‘For Specific Performance Under …” „… ), 19 October 2006 – 6 U 113/06 = http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/c ases/061019g2.html. 29 Achilles …” „… (Austria), 30 June 1998 – 1 Ob 273/97 x = ZfRV (1998) 249 = http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/980630a3.html …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 12 Transposition S. 1358-1360

„… Council and the Commission on better law-making18 encourages Member States to draw up tables for …” „… Council of the European Union and the European Commission of 13 April 2016 on Better Law-Making, O.J. L …” „… communicate to the Commission the text of the main provisions of national law which they adopt in the field …”

Petra Butler Article 50 CISG S. 262-268

„… Convention for the International Sale of Goods’ 7 (2003) Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law …” „… Sale of Goods’ 7 (2003) Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration 255, 271. 11 …” „… : Larry DiMatteo (ed), International Sales Law-A Global Challenge (CUP, Cambridge 2014) 257, 275. 22 …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 6 Compensation for recovery costs S. 1340-1341

„… lawyer is employed.6 This is due to the German transposition law,7 which has to be regarded as …” „… payment becomes payable in commercial transactions in accordance with Article 3 or 4, the creditor is …” „… can be compensated in other procedures provided for by national law.1 Fair compensation for recovery …”

Stefan Kröll Article 2 Definitions S. 1422-1426

„… majority, taking into account that while the documents presented under a standby and a commercial letter …” „… of requesting parties as applicants. It most case the applicant of a commercial letter of credit will …” „… defines the beneficiary as “the party in whose favour a credit is issued.”6 In commercial letters of …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.1.1 (Definitions) S. 715-717

„… compromise between different legal pre-conceptions between the various common and civil law jurisdictions3 …” „… )8 and the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL – Part III).9 The rules in Chapter 9 apply …” „… commercial person knew or ought to have known that the UNIDROIT Principles apply to the assigned or …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.4 (Availability of defences and rights of set-off) S. 791-793

„… Common Frame of Reference,1 and inspired by the Roman-French law based legal family2 (as opposed to the …” „… (Roman law influenced) German law based legal family),3 the UNIDROIT Principles provide a straightforward …” „… ) Swiss Code of Obligations (whereby the law of Switzerland has a ‘character’ of its own often providing …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.2.2 (Relevant mistake) S. 540-541

„… contrary to reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing to leave the mistaken party in error; or (b …” „… and Dutch law and also contain some components of e.g. French and US law.2 Para. 1 provides for a …” „… , ‘ought to have known’ that there is a mistake),11 measured against ‘reasonable commercial standards’12 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.1 (Right to terminate the contract) S. 656-661

„… English commercial case law. 42 Vogenauer/Huber Art. 7.3.1 no. 85-86 (with reference, with a note of …” „… English contract law (lit. a, b), in §§ 236-243 Restatement (Second) of Contracts (USA) (‘material breach …” „… ’), especially § 241 of the Restatement (Second) of Contracts (USA) and in Spanish law (with several Section 3 …”

CISG Marco Torsello Article 34 S. 186-189

„… . Gallen (Switzerland), 12 August 1997, English abstract available at http://cisgw3.law.p ace.edu/cases …” „… available at http://cisg w3.law.pace.edu/cases/050705u5.html. 5 KG St. Gallen (Switzerland), 12 August 1997 …” „… , English abstract available at http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/c ases/970812s1.html. 6 For further details, see …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.1 (Conditions of set-off) S. 698-705

„… Principles before a national court,36 national mandatory law (to be respected pursuant to Art. 1.4) may go …” „… expected harm (‘liquidated damages’ in the common law sense and/or an agreed ‘symbolic’ sum as an incentive …” „… / McKendrick Art. 7.4.13 no. 13. 36 See Vogenauer/McKendrick Art. 7.4.13 no. 10 (and note 192 on English law …”

Petra Butler Article 58 CISG S. 285-287

„… Late Payment in Commercial Transactions,6 however, provides for another regime. Under Art. 3(1)(b) of …” „… Performance Under the CISG: Arts 53-60 Trends in Decisions’, 25 Journal of Law and Commerce (2005-2006) 273 …” „… CISG is to unify international sales law, which would be jeopardised if the EU Member States, which are …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.2 (Limitation periods) S. 765-767

„… is distinct from the knowledge of law;14 the obligee bears the risk of a wrong legal assessment of …” „… ; Vogenauer/Wintgen Art. 10.2 no. 7. 15 Vogenauer/Wintgen Art. 10.2 no. 8 (with reference to English case law in this …” „… and fair dealing (Art. 1.7) and the openness to commercial usages (Art. 1.9) (Art. 1.6(2 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.9 (Interest for failure to pay money) S. 689-692

„… the rate of interest shall be the appropriate rate fixed by the law of the State of the currency of …” „… English case law, that “reasonable steps cannot require an aggrieved party to take measures which it could …” „… , the applicable arbitration law12 and arbitration regime13 leaves full discretion to the arbitrators to …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.13 (Conclusion of contract dependent on agreement on specific matters or in a particular form) S. 511

„… . An International Compromise Art. 2.1.12 contains a strange rule for many common law lawyers in that …” „… where the silence upon receipt of a commercial confirmation letter can serve also as evidence for the …” „… application of the favor contractus principle7 (→ Introduction no. 8) and related commercial uncertainty.8 B …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.2 (Presumption of joint and several obligations) S. 789

„… approach “reflects commercial practice”4 (where the obligee (Art. 1.11 4th hyphen) has usually no interest …” „… reference to §§ 288-289 Restatement 2nd (USA), and in note 32 to exceptions for commercial contracts in …” „… , Portugal, Switzerland and France (which has not changed its approach in its contract law reform of 2016 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.1.6 (Exemption clauses) S. 637-640

„… obligee. From a civil law perspective, for lawyers used to limitations of liability based on fault, an …” „… Lawyers’ Act “Bundesrechtsanwaltsordnung” – BRAO; see Brödermann Hamburg Law Review 2016, p. 21, 27-29 (on …” „… . 7.1.5 no. 11. 30 Vogenauer/Schelhaas Art. 7.1.5 no. 12 (referring to CISG case law and comments on Art …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 10 Recovery procedures for unchallenged claims S. 1353-1356

„… versés’) is not a specified legal term in European Union law, which results in an uncertainty about its …” „… interpreted in the light of national law. Article 10 Recovery procedures for unchallenged claims 1. Member …” „… Schulte-Braucks/Ongena, ERPL 2003, 535. 14 Cf. McCormack, Journal of Corporate Law Studies 2001, 509 et seq. Art. 10 …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 16 CISG S. 74-78

„… ), Making Commercial Law: Essays in Honour of Roy Goode (1997) 288; Harry Flechtner, ‘Article 79 of the …” „… UCC CISG’ (2015) 40(2) North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation, 268. 33 …” „… ’ in J. Herbots and R. Blanpain (eds), International Encyclopaedia of Laws – Contracts (Kluwer Law …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 66 CISG S. 298-302

„… International Sales Law (Giuffrè 1987). 9 Mitchell Stocks, ‘Risk of Loss under the Uniform Commercial Code and …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. Handing-over approach; comparative law …” „… , e.g., P. M. Roth, ‘The Passing of Risk’, 27 American Journal of Comparative Law 291, 291, 296, and 299 …”

Stefan Kröll Article 38 Transferable Credits S. 1499-1503

„… law and to what extent the instructions were binding. Charges Article 37 (c) 1st sentence embodies the …” „… foreign law In line with standard international letter of credit practice an applicant who ask a bank to …” „… be governed by a foreign law, i.e. that of the country where the nominated bank and the beneficiary …”

Marco Torsello Article 33 CISG S. 181-185

„… Commercial Law across National Boundaries. Festschrift for Albert H Kritzer on the Occasion of his Eightieth …” „… , English translation available at: http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/011112g1.html. Art. 33 CISG PART III …” „… ), 23 June 1998, English translation available at http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cas es/980623g1.html. 13 …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 42 CISG S. 220-225

„… : a. under the law of the State where the goods will be resold or otherwise used, if it was …” „… used in that State; or b. in any other case, under the law of the State where the buyer has his place …” „… . Whether an IP right factually exists must be determined according to the relevant national law, which is …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 52 Territorial units S. 1411

„… ) Lloyd’s Maritime Commercial Law Quarterly 161; Köhler, ‘Heading towards Cape Town? Some remarks on the …” „… ’ (2017) 22 Uniform Law Review 507; Mooney Jr, ‘The MAC Protocol: some comments and a challenge’ (2015) 4 …” „… systems of law are applicable in relation to the matters dealt with in this Convention, it may, at the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.1.2 (Validity of mere agreement) S. 536

„… the civil and the common law world (requiring ‘consideration’)5 or between different civil law …” „… of the New York Convention, as argued by Born International Commercial Arbitration, Volume I, § 4.07 …” „… ); Vogenauer/Huber Art. 3.1.2. no. 5, see, for example, Art. 1108 Belgian Civil Code while French law does not …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 13 Delivery of Cargo S. 1196

„… consignee must sue under national law. If the relevant national law is German law, the claim should be based …” „… on section 421 of the Commercial Code.1 However, the same result can be reached with the argument …” „… paragraph 3. 1 George Leloudas, ‘Chapter 32’ in Shawcross & Beaumont, Air Law (looseleaf), 934. 2 Isabelle H …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 52 Definition of Days S. 1243

„… . Calculating time limits is a procedural matter subject to the law of the court seized. If German law is …” „… cargo) sections 425 et seq. and section 439 of the Commercial Code shall be authoritative. Chapter VII …” „… Air Law held at Montreal from 10 to 28 May 1999. After 28 May 1999, the Convention shall be open to …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 53 Signature, Ratification and Entry into Force S. 1243

Peter Mankowski Article 15 S. 441

„… , it obviously needs refinement if it was to be applied to other commercial parties than natural …” „… claim, subject to the law governing the proceedings. Whereas Arts. 13 and 14 are addressing ordinary …” „… corporate debtor by means of corporate law or by administrative or court order (c), In any of these events …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.2.8 (Third persons) S. 548

„… ‘better-lawapproach’ which contradicts the approach in major civil law jurisdictions because of the importance of …” „… either in light of company or partnership law (e.g. a managing director of a Ltd., a general partner of a …” „… partnership) or as a matter of labour law (an employee) or general contract law (e.g. agency, Secton → 2.2)4 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.2.1 (Performance of monetary obligation) S. 646

„… Official Comments, Art. 7.1.7 no. 4, p. 242. 64 See Oertel, INCOTERMS in: Mankowski (Ed.), Commercial Law …” „… between civil and common law (→ Introduction to Chapter 7 no. 3), Art. 7.2.1 treats the claim for payment …” „… . 7.2.1 no. 1 (with remarks on comparative law and the history of the provision). 2 Vogenauer/Schelhaas …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.10 (Currency not expressed) S. 611

„… lists German law (§ 361 German Commercial Code) and Art. 75(2) of the UN Convention on International …” „… Bills of Exchange and the law in some jurisdictions,2 (b) avoids possibly different expectations3 and (c …” „… ) is the least likely to lead to problems with mandatory law (Art. 1.4). Art. 6.1.10 can become …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 5 Interpretation and applicable law S. 1371-1372

„… Cuniberti 1371 1 2 3 lationship between transnational commercial law treaties and national law: a framework …” „… Convention and Protocols and the Conflict of Laws’ in A Commitment to Private International Law: Essays in …” „… any Contracting State: (a) under the law of which it is incorporated or formed; (b) where it has its …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 41 Sale and prospective sale S. 1403

„… rules of jurisdiction, including, as the case may be, regional rules such as the European law of …” „… writing or otherwise concluded in accordance with the formal requirements of the law of the chosen forum …” „… jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters where the …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 42 Choice of forum S. 1403

Peter Mankowski Article 10 CISG S. 51

„… ) CISG. III. Lacking place of business, (b) That a commercial enterprise does not have a place of …” „… international law, in particular if developed by the Hague Conference on Private International Law or the …”

Peter Mankowski Article 5 S. 431-432

„… execution can be obtained in accordance with the law of the place where such enforcement or execution is …” „… limits. It makes clear that the Limitation Convention applies only to the usual type of commercial claims …” „… Working Group, UNCITRAL Yb. III (1972) supp. 50-54; Sumulong, ‘International Trade Law and the United …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.4 (New limitation period by acknowledgement) S. 771-772

„… governed by English law (power plant supply). 27 See e.g. Born, International Commercial Arbitration, 2nd …” „… destroys everything (fraus omnia corrumpit, see Bin Cheng, General Principles of Law as Applied by …” „… ed. Vol. 1 Chapter 3 (pp. 349-471); Briggs Private International Law in English Courts no …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.8 (Suspension in case of force majeure, death or incapacity) S. 779-780

„… various civil law legislations3 (while details vary) and the reluctance to accept force majeure in common …” „… law jurisdictions,4 the UNIDROIT Principles provide again a compromise between civil and common law …” „… (see current Art. 14:303 PECL). 3 Vogenauer/Wintgen Art. 10.8 no. 1 points to German and French law. 4 …”

Peter Mankowski Article 25 S. 449

„… classifies that these effects occur in all and any kinds of proceedings, not limited to civil or commercial …” „… invocation are governed by the respective lex fori processus.3 This law also decides whether the defence can …” „… Journal of World Trade Law 343, 357 (1985). 3 Official Commentary Sono Art. 24 note 1 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.2.8 (Sub-agency) S. 532

„… . Arts. 7.4.1 et seq. in connections with Arts. 1.7, 3.2.16) or other applicable law.14 Article 2.2.8 …” „… international commercial contexts.3 Sentence 1 facilitates sub-delegation, unless the principal prohibits …” „… ; Vogenauer/Krebs Art. 2.2.7 no. 5. 6 Vogenauer/Krebs Art. 2.2.7 no. 5 (with references e.g. to common law, and to …”

Petra Butler Article 62 CISG S. 293-294

„… Whether the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts May Be Used to Interpret or …” „… Supplement Articles 63 and 63 of the CISG’ para. 2.c. http:/ /www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/biblio/koch3.html …” „… common law jurisdictions, by Article 28 CISG. In regard to the buyer’s obligations, Article 53 CISG is …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.2.1 (Contract to be observed) S. 620-621

„… practice in commercial contracts governed by common law, see Harmathy, Attila, Hardship, in: Eppur si muove …” „… , common law lawyers trained with cases like the jurisprudence following the closure of the Suez Canal in …” „… of a ‘fundamental change of the basis of the contract’ in some civil law jurisdictions,2 Arts …”

Peter Mankowski Article 12 CISG S. 52-53

„… Withdraw?’, Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and Arbitration 8 (2004), 145. 13 Supreme …” „… their own national law as to form,13 it is recommendable to comply with the requirements of those laws …” „… precedence over national law to the contrary, for instance sec. 2-201 UCC1 or Art. 1341 Code civil. The …”

Peter Mankowski Article 95 CISG S. 411-412

„… , 85, 94; id., Common Features of Uniform Commercial Law Conventions (2004) pp. 223-224. 10 Wolfgang …” „… al., 17 July 2006’, IHR 2006, 248; Markel, ‘American, English and Japanese Warranty Law Compared …” „… : Should the U. S. Reconsider Her Article 95 Declaration to the CISG?’, 21 Pace International Law Review …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.6 (Place of performance) S. 604-605

„… (Ed.), Commercial Law (2018, in production) no. 157, 214. 20 See Vogenauer/Atamer Art. 6.1.6 no. 12 …” „… , English law and a number of civil law coun- 14 Vogenauer/Atamer Art. 6.1.5 no. 7. 15 Vogenauer/Atamer Art …” „… Eckart J. Brödermann 3 1 tries,12 but distinct from the default solutions in various other civil law …”

Peter Mankowski Article 92 CISG S. 407-408

„… : Reservations and Transformation Reconsidered’, Nordic Journal of Commercial Law 2013, 1; Schroeter, ‘Withdrawal …” „… 2001, 40; Lookofsky, ‘Alive and Well in Scandinavia : CISG Part II’, 18 Journal of Law and Commerce 289 …” „… of reservations under uniform private law conventions’, Uniform Law Review 2015, 1. Art. 92 CISG …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 36 Successive Carriage S. 1234

„… Montreal Convention. Even though section 452 b of the Commercial Code might be in conflict with Article 38 …” „… the Montreal Convention shall be superseded by national law.4 III. Application of Article 35 to …” „… national law. Claims by the carrier against the consignor (→ Art. 10), on the other hand, are based on a …”

Peter Mankowski Article 89 CISG S. 404

„… nd sentence CISG.42 Reasonable expenses for the selling as such may comprise: a commercial agent’s …” „… the CISG,48 but must be judged according to the subsidiarily applicable national law.49 PART IV FINAL …” „… Law and Commerce 187 (1998); Herber, ‘UN-Kaufrechtsübereinkommen: Produkthaftung – Verjährung’, MDR …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.1.3 (Initial impossibility) S. 537

„… the contract.1 Following the CISG, and subject to overriding mandatory law2 which would take …” „… self-sufficiency of the UNIDROIT Principles as a body of rules of law which, if chosen in combination with an …” „… arbitration clause, can govern a cross-border international commercial contract in the spirit of fair trade …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.1.4 (Mandatory character of the provisions) S. 537

Peter Mankowski Article 90 CISG S. 405-406

„… ; 1961 European Commercial Arbitration Convention).5 II. EU law and their transformations Taken …” „… , UN-Kaufrecht und Europäisches Gemeinschaftsrecht (2005); Torsello, ‘Reservations to international uniform law …” „… conventions’, Uniform Law Review 2000, 85; Wartenberg, CISG und deutsches Verbraucherschutzrecht: Das …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.3.1 (Definitions) S. 751-752

„… .13 D. Limits (i) Contract14 (Art. 1.5). (ii) Mandatory law (Art. 1.4).15 Section 3 Assignment of …” „… ’ regime has been argued that it does not matter which law governs the assigned contracts (”the source of …” „… a reasonable commercial person, has actual or constructive knowledge of the applicability of the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction S. 625-626

„… ingenious mixture of common and civil law concepts on how to cope with non-performance. Regardless of its …” „… . 7.1.1 no. 2, 7.1.2 no. 1). Each of the commercial parties is essentially responsible for its sphere …” „… thereby reflects a balanced compromise between the civil law concept (which knows ‘specific performance …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.5 (Effects of termination in general) S. 667-668

„… Saidov, Unif. Law Rev. 2006, p. 795, 808 and 818-820. 27 Vogenauer/Huber Art. 7.3.4 no. 13. 28 Morán …” „… arbitration or private international law regimes)11 and other provisions which “by their very nature are …” „… law (Supremo Tribunal de Justiça 21 October 2010 (1285/07.7TJVNF.P1.S1), Unilex. 10 Official Comments …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.4 (Duty to achieve a specific result. Duty of best efforts) S. 575-576

„… circumstances. A. A Cultural Bridge to the French Law Family Para. 1 provides a bridge between common and civil …” „… law (→ Art. 5.1.1 no. 1) by pointing at a distinction between obligations which require, as a matter …” „… in the French civil law family).4 The qualification of an obligation is a matter of interpretation5 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.3 (Partial performance) S. 599-600

„… mance, inspired by US law,2 provides for performance at one time with an exception to a different …” „… ’ of international commercial contracts and (ii) the de minimis non curat praetor principle). 8 …” „… Code, now Art. 1342-4 in the 2016 Version), German, Italian, Portugese, Quebec, Swiss, US law; see also …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 8 Transparency and awareness raising S. 1350

„… which apply in all the Member States in the event of late payment in commercial transactions. 3. Member …” „… , ‘Collective Actions in the European Union – American or European Model?’, Beijing Law Review 2014, 157. 33 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.2.2 (Exclusion) S. 743

„… transfers of obligations as a result of the application of special national (company or commercial) law …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 9.2.3 (Requirement of obligee’s consent to transfer) S. 743

„… transfers of obligations as a result of the application of special national (company or commercial) law …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 26 CISG S. 143-145

„… , ‘Fundamental Breach in Documentary Sales Contracts’, 1 European Journal of Commercial Contract Law (2009) 19 …” „… .law.pa ce.edu/cases/990604c1.html. 109 BGH (Germany), 3 April 1996 – VIII ZR 51/95 = BGHZ 132, 290 (301 …” „… ) = http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu /cases/960403g1.html; Leisinger, ‘Art. 25’, in: Brunner (ed), UN-Kaufrecht – CISG …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 2 Carriage Performed by State and Carriage of Postal Items S. 1188

„… and the postal administration. If the contractual relationship is governed by German law, sections 407 …” „… et seq. of the Commercial Code will be applicable. Chapter II Documentation and Duties of the Parties …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 19 Validity and time of registration S. 1384

„… in practice’, (2011) 43 Uniform commercial code Law Journal 637; Fennelly, ‘Cape Town Convention and …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 20 Consent to registration S. 1384

„… in practice’, (2011) 43 Uniform commercial code Law Journal 637; Fennelly, ‘Cape Town Convention and …”

Klaus Ramming Article 2 Scope of application S. 1000-1002

„… regular mail. IX. “Applicable law” (Article 1 No. 9) If a contract of carriage is, in principle, subject …” „… to CMNI, it may still be necessary to refer to the national law otherwise applicable to the contract …” „… . Article 1 No. 9 concerns cases where the national law is applicable “… in accordance with this Convention …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.2.7 (Gross disparity) S. 546-547

„… contract or term in order to make it accord with reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing. (3) A …” „… intervening mandatory law (Art. 1.4 and Arts. 3.3.1-3.3.2),1 Art. 3.2.7 watches out that the principle of fair …” „… International and Comparative Law 1995 (3), 73, 88. 8 Vogenauer/du Plessis Art. 3.2.7 no. 8. 9 Vogenauer/du …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.6 (Determination of quality of performance) S. 577-578

„… Contracts, in: Cranstron/Ramberg/Ziegel (eds.), Commercial Law Challenges in the 21st Century – Jan Hellner …” „… liability is generally possible as long as it does not violate applicable mandatory law (Art. 1.4) and as it …” „… , mixed supply) goes beyond the provisions in most domestic laws6 and requires an autonomous …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 24 Liability in case of carriage of railway vehicles as goods S. 1157

„… or damage was not caused by his fault. 2 See R. Freise, Munich Commentary to the (German) Commercial …” „… Code, Vol. 7: Law of Transport (Munich 2014), Article 23 CIM, at 1996. 3 See CIT Freight Documentation …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 11 Report S. 1357

„… Regulation.27 Moreover, the Directive only stipulates non-mandatory provisions of law, which the parties to …” „… combating late payment in commercial transactions, SWD (2016) 278 final. The report is available under …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.2.2 (Third party identifiable) S. 587

„… and one of the parties has not yet finished organising its commercial and/or financial set-up …” „… any otherwise applicable law (Arts. 3.1.1;7 1.4).8 A supplementary or additional tool providing third …”

Lisa Spagnolo Introduction to Articles 14–24 CISG S. 55-57

„… , 15 May 2002, CISG-online 746 (http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/c ases/020515b1.html) (formation can occur …” „… , CISG-online 145 (http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/950308g1.h tml); Michael Joachim Bonell …” „… Standford Law Review (cited as “Craswell”); T. Dornis, in H. Honsell (ed), Kommentar zum UN-Kaufrecht …”

Klaus Ramming Article 7 Dangerous and polluting goods S. 1013-1015

„… ble to the contract of carriage (Article 29.1 through 29.3).4 Under Dutch law, the consignee is …” „… responsible for discharging the goods,5 whilst under German law this would remain the shipper’s duty (who may …” „… involve the consignee as sub-contractor), see Section 412 paragraph 1 sentence 1 Commercial Code. Again …”

Peter Mankowski Article 13 CISG S. 54

„… CISG has it that the rule contains only some guidance for interpreting writing requirement of the law …” „… notions have their ordinary meaning. In case of doubt commercial understanding should prevail over a …”

Peter Mankowski Article 2 S. 425-426

„… way as parties organised in forms provided by private law.18 The notion of public entities extends …” „… Credibility’, 16 Pace International Law Rev. 147, 160 (2004). 16 Official Commentary Sono Art. 1 note 3. 17 …” „… parties nor the civil or commercial character of the parties or of the contract shall be taken into …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.2 (Foreign currency set-off) S. 706-708

„… different insolvency regime or even by contract;89 but which, in international commercial practice, is not …” „… treatment). The applicable national regime may further provide for an overriding choice of law rule with …” „… , consistently with the law in some jurisdictions,3 it overcomes limitations which exist in some legal systems …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 1 Scope S. 1128-1131

„… choose the law that is applicable to an international contract under civil law or commercial law. The …” „… freedom of substantive choice of law, however, may be restricted by the fact that the mandatory provisions …” „… of the material law of a State cannot be replaced by a voluntary agreement of the parties. The …”

Peter Mankowski Article 9 CISG S. 47-50

„… dealings with each other. Usages and practices must both in turn be distinguished from customary law or any …” „… concept of “usage” is an autonomous concept2 independent from any preconceived notions of domestic law.3 …” „… Contracts for the International Sale of Goods’, 25 Journal of Law and Commerce 107, 111 (2005). Chapter II …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 37 S. 979-980

„… has paid.8 This does not exclude such declaratory action on the basis of the underlying national law.9 …” „… Lloyd’s Rep 346 extended the scope of Chapter VI beyond successive carriers; cf. also London Commercial …” „… . 37 para. 5. 10 Thereby overcoming privity of contract issues under English law, cf. Messent/Glass …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 39 S. 981-983

„… underlying national law and the procedural rules of the forum state. Art. 37 lit. c CMR Lit. c acts as a …” „… aspects are proven is to be determined according to the applicable procedural law of the relevant forum …” „… . 625 and England, Commercial Court, Harrison & Sons Ltd v RT Steward Transport Ltd, (1993) 28 ETL 747 …”

Gilles Cuniberti Article 10 Remedies of conditional seller or lessor S. 1375-1377

„… Transactions’ (2015) 40 Air & Space Law 377; Rosen, ‘Public service and the Cape Town Convention’, (2013) 2 …” „… one or the other. Such characterization is made pursuant to the applicable law, subject to any …” „… is to allow the creditor to ensure that it will still be used in the best commercial manner and thus …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 44 CISG S. 229-231

„… delivery of substitute goods. 1 Cesare M. Bianca, ‘Art 35’, Commentary on the international sales law: The …” „… , CISG-online 705; Tribunal of International Commercial Arbitration at the Russian Federation Chamber of …” „… notification duty (especially if there is no comparable duty under his national law)10 or his understandable …”

Peter Mankowski Article 6 CISG S. 33-36

„… age to other assets or damage to the protected persons’ commercial ventures, within the CISG. But …” „… is whether CISG excludes possibly competing claims based on national tort law determined to be …” „… seller’s liability. Unifying tort law was beyond the CISG’s political plan. The differences between the two …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 27 CISG S. 146-149

„… , 27 May 2005 – 95/2004 = http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/050527r1.html. 32 Oberster Gerichtshof …” „… Kantonsgericht Zug (Switzerland), 30 August 2007 – A3 2006 79 = http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/0 70830s1.html …” „… = http://cisgw3.law.p ace.edu/cases/980630a3.html; Ferrari, ‘Art. 27 CISG’, in: Ferrari et al. (eds …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.1 (Scope of the Chapter) S. 761-764

„… details), with various national laws5 and international instruments, i.e. European law6 and the UN …” „… light of the different training of lawyers in civil and common law countries the issue of limitation of …” „… liability does not always come to mind to lawyers drafting contracts, e.g. because in common law countries …”

Peter Mankowski Article 81 CISG S. 381-383

„… Convention on the International Sale of Goods’, Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law and …” „… Law (Cambridge University Press, New York 2007) p. 509; Mohs, ‘Effects of avoidance and restitution of …” „… Uniform Sales Law (Cambridge University Press, New York 2007) p. 252; Osuna, ‘Dealing with Avoidance and …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 3 Passengers and Baggage S. 1188-1189

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 22 Limits of Liability in Relation to Delay, Baggage and Cargo S. 1217-1220

„… incorporated into German law (see section 435 of the Commercial Code, for instance). The term “intent” implies …” „… proven damages as established pursuant to applicable local law,2 in all but exceptional cases where the …” „… from awarding, in accordance with its own law, in addition, the whole or part of the court costs and of …”

Peter Mankowski Article 2 CISG S. 20-23

„… rules to the eventual result which substantive law is applicable. Third, it has to operationalize → Art …” „… . 1 CISG if the lex causae identified in the first two steps is the law of a Contracting State of the …” „… auction; (c) on execution or otherwise by authority of law; (d) of stocks, shares, investment securities …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 1 Scope of Application S. 1184-1187

„… . While it does not have the force of law, it reveals the design and purpose of the Convention and is thus …” „… unification of private international air law through a new Convention. The Montreal Convention accordingly …” „… Warsaw Convention was drawn up in the early days of commercial aviation, when high liability awards would …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 15 CISG S. 70-73

„… UCC CISG’ (2015) 40(2) North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation 245, 269 …” „… CISG, but instead, matters for the applicable non-CISG domestic law.119 Article 15 CISG (1) An offer …” „… Schlechtriem, Uniform Sales Law – The UN-Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (Manz …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 6 Contract of carriage S. 1134-1138

„… the identical provision contained in the CIV UR (see Article 4 § 4 CIV UR). Article 5 Mandatory law …” „… by Rail has been regarded as a consensual contract under international law (Article 6 § 1 of the CIM …” „… carriage is actually based on the applicable national law, since, in accordance with the CIM UR, the …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 72 CISG S. 327-331

„… rooted in Anglo-American contract law; civil-law jurisdictions have traditionally been more hesitant to …” „… sales law for a long time. Indeed, Article 72(1) largely mirrors Article 76 of the ULIS, save for …” „… International Sales Law’, LQR 105 (1989), 201, 233; Vincent Heuzé, La vente internationale de marchandises …”

Petra Butler Article 55 CISG S. 280-282

„… with the principles set out in Article 8 and Article 9 CISG. If not, the applicable domestic law will …” „… , Tribunal of International Commercial Arbitration at the Russian Federation Chamber of Commerce and Industry …” „… International Sale of Goods’, Journal of Law and Commerce (2005-06) 305. Art. 55 CISG PART III SALE OF GOODS …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.1 (Time of performance) S. 596-597

„… . 286. 14 Vogenauer/Atamer Art. 6.1.1 no. 16. 15 Oertel, Incoterms® in: Mankowski (Ed.), Commercial Law …” „… domestic background. In international contexts with merchants and lawyers from different backgrounds it is …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 31 S. 968-971

„… left to the judicial authorities to assess the consequences within the scope of their national law.53 …” „… form of the jurisdiction agreement, this is ruled by the applicable national law though it is in …” „… ); Thume/Demuth, Art. 31 para. 30 et seq. with references to German and Austrian case law; MüKo-HGB/Jesser-Huß, …”

Peter Csoklich Article 1 S. 901-905

„… clause (Art. 3 Rome-I-Regulation), the law applicable to contracts of carriage shall be the law of …” „… are not met, the law of the state where the place of delivery as agreed by the parties is situated …” „… solely governed by the applicable national law.7 In some jurisdictions there exist hybrid forms of …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 25 S. 955-956

„… U 188/05. 7 Queen’s Bench Division (Commercial Court), 27 October 1986, I.C.I. PLC and I.C.I. France …” „… S.A. vs. MAT Transport Ltd. 1987, 1 Lloyd’s Law Report, 354 (survey); OLG Celle, 29 October 1998, 11 U …”

Tobias Eckardt Article 23 S. 951-954

„… International Monetary Fund and whose law does not permit the application of the provisions of paragraph 7 of …” „… to the law of the State concerned. (9) The calculation mentioned in the last sentence of paragraph 7 …” „… relevant trade level)12 at the place and time at which they were accepted for carriage.13 The commercial …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.1.7 (Force majeure) S. 641-645

„… consequences also of gross negligence. In the example of a law firm limiting its liability it is common …” „… e.g. Brödermann in: Eppur si muove: The Age of Uniform Law p. 1283, 1286 and note 15 (on the change of …” „… American law. 15 Vogenauer/Pichonnaz Art. 7.1.7 no. 29 (with detailed references to case law). Art. 7.1.7 …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 41 CISG S. 214-219

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4. Public law encumbrances …” „… according to the relevant national property law, excluding the seller’s liability for not procuring title.8 …” „… (previous) behaviour and will often follow a law foreign to the buyer. Therefore the seller will typically …”

Peter Mankowski Article 85 CISG S. 392-394

„… Käufers im UN-Kaufrecht im Vergleich zum US-amerikanischen Uniform Commercial Code und zum deutschen Recht …” „… filled by national law. The claim generated by the 2nd sentence is not a general claim for damages; hence …”

Peter Mankowski Article 88 CISG S. 400-403

„… costs of storing etc.,9 measured against the commercial value of the contract. Notice of the intention …” „… , excluding any recourse to national law as gap-filler.23 Appopriateness is related to the procedure chosen …” „… emergency sale ought to be judged pursuant to the law applicable to the emergency sale. Whether this …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 39 CISG S. 205-211

„… governed by the relevant national law (→ Art. 4(a)). Regarding guarantee periods, see Art. 39 (cf. Art. 39 …” „… commercial interests in a quick and final transaction, but also protects the interests of the seller: He …” „… by the applicable domestic law pursuant to → Art. 4(a). II. Notice Content The term “notice” has to …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 35 CISG S. 190-196

„… (defects in title) or 42 (IP rights), for instance public law regulations,17 or compliance with …” „… commercial purposes, i.e. of average quality, and the buyer must be able to resell them.22 Only where the …” „… . 33; Cesare M. Bianca, ‘Art. 35’, Commentary on the international sales law: The 1980 Vienna Sales …”

Marco Torsello Article 32 CISG S. 175-180

„… Goods’ (2005) 9 Vindobona Journal of International Commercial Law & Arbitration 253, 265. 16 Cf. Witz (n …” „… : http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/060110i3.html. 85 Brand (n. 77) 183-184. 86 ECJ, 25 January 2010, C-381/08 …” „… SZIER (1999) 195, English translation available at http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/970220s1.html. 25 …”

Petra Butler Article 60 CISG S. 289-291

„… , contrary to German law, a demand note is not required.3 However, some exceptions to Article 59 exist to …” „… . 10 Compare: Arbitral Award, Tribunal of International Commercial Arbitration at the Russian …”

Petra Butler Article 47 CISG S. 243-248

„… similar provisions in civil law jurisdictions, such as German and French law.6 However, the additional …” „… 7(1) to interpret the provisions of the CISG autonomously and without recourse to domestic law. Scope …” „… Zeller, ‘Editorial Remarks on Art. 63 and 64(1)(b)’ http://www.cisg.law.pace.edu/cisg/text/peclcomp63 …”

Stefan Kröll Article 16 Discrepant Documents, Waiver and Notice S. 1457-1463

„… Under Sub-Article 16 (c) (iii) (b)’, 2016 Annual Review of International Banking Law and Practice, 53 et …” „… ) [England], in: 2014 Annual Review of International Banking Law and Practice, p. 399. Art. 16 UCP 1460 …” „… willing to adopt a commercial approach taking into account previous rejections of the documents.16 …”

Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Article 58 Extinction of right of action in case of death or personal injury S. 1123

„… constituted “commercial activity” of the OBB in the United States), her lawsuit was not “based upon a …” „… commercial activity carried on in the United States by a foreign state” because the accident, on which her …” „… the “commercial activity” exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, and OBB, as a state …”

Stefan Kröll Article 37 Disclaimer for Acts of an Instructed Party S. 1498

„… . As the regulations contained in Article 37 largely reflect the general commercial expectations and …” „… indemnify a bank against all obligations and responsibilities imposed by foreign laws and usages …”

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English Law and Terminology

Claudina Richards, Viviana Mollica

Series: NomosStudium

Volume 2016

Results in this title

Chapter 12: Commercial Law S. 112-122

„… Commercial Law Commercial Law The term ‘commercial law’ covers a wide range of individual areas of …” „… carriage and insurance of goods, banking law, agency and, of course, the paradigm of commercial law, the …” „… principles. As it is not possible to deal with all these aspects of commercial law in this context, the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… . 108 TerminologyVI. 109 Review and DiscussionVII. 110 Commercial LawChapter 12: 112 Commercial LawI …” „… LawChapter 15: 144 Classifications of LawI. 144 Other Areas of LawII. 144 TerminologyIII. 146 Index 149 …” „… The Common LawChapter 2: 17 IntroductionI. 17 The Historical Development of the Common LawII. 17 The …”

Chapter 10: Contract Law S. 90-101

„… common law. However, economic duress is not the same as commercial pressure. The threat involved must be …” „… Contract Law Introduction A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties and …” „… of legal obligations, which arise, for example, from the law of torts or restitution. The …”

Index S. 149-159

„… contract 112, 120 Commercial Court 38 commercial law 112 Commission 132 commissioner 132, 133 Committee of …” „… law of nations 144 law officers 55 law report 15 law review 31 Law Society 54 lawyer 23 Index 154 lay …” „… administrative law 144 Admiralty Court 38 admission 62 ADR 44 adversarial system 45, 58 advocacy 53, 54 Advocate …”

Chapter 2: The Common Law S. 17-24

„… example, the main growth of commercial law took place in the late eighteenth century, a time when commerce …” „… long been completely separate, and the law merchant has been assimilated into commercial law, but the …” „… lawyers were the apprentices-at-law. Despite their name, they were not merely students, but recognised …”

Chapter 3: Sources of Law S. 25-35

„… into the common law and can now be found in commercial law. Canon Law Canon law is the law of the …” „… the law merchant provide the foundations of modern commercial law and thereby continue to influence …” „… confused with a code. A statute is an individual law, while a code is a systematic collection of laws …”

Chapter 4: The Court System S. 36-44

„… law and there is no constitutional court. Civil and criminal jurisdiction are also not completely …” „… established by the Judicature Acts 1873-75, which abolished the old common law courts and transferred their …” „… questions of law, practice and procedure. However, the magistrates do not have to follow his advice, and he …”

Chapter 13: Company Law S. 123-131

„… Company Law Introduction A company is one of several forms in which a business enterprise can be …” „… organisations. A significant amount of the law relating to companies has been set out in statutes, particularly …” „… registered company has been created. The essential feature of such a company is that it is regarded by law as …”

Chapter 14: European Union Law S. 132-143

„… European Union Law Background The European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC – this no longer exists …” „… 1973 by signing an accession treaty and giving force to EEC law within its national legal system by …” „… also responsible for overseeing the implementation of such policies and the enforcement of EU law, such …”

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English Law and Terminology

Claudina Richards, Viviana Mollica

Series: NomosStudium

Volume 2023

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Chapter 12: Commercial Law S. 114-125

„… Commercial LawCommercial LawThe term ‘commercial law’ covers a wide range of individual areas of …” „… carriage and insurance of goods, banking law, agency and, of course, the paradigm of commercial law: the …” „… principles. As it is not possible to deal with all these aspects of commercial law in this context, the …”

Chapter 10: Contract Law S. 91-102

„… constitute duress at common law. However, economic duress is not the same as commercial pressure. The threat …” „… Contract LawIntroductionA contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties and …” „… information. The distinction is important because generally there is no duty of disclosure in English law.A …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… Review and DiscussionVII. 111Commercial LawChapter 12: 114Commercial LawI. 114Introduction to Sale of …” „… of the Common LawIV. 21TerminologyV. 22Review and DiscussionVI. 23Sources of LawChapter 3: 25Minor …” „… Sources of LawI. 25Custom1. 25Law Merchant2. 26Canon Law3. 26Books of Authority4. 26Major Sources of LawII …”

Chapter 2: The Common Law S. 17-24

„… example, the main growth of commercial law took place in the late eighteenth century, a time when commerce …” „… law merchant has been assimilated into commercial law, but the distinction between common law and …” „… The Common LawIntroductionThe term common law carries several meanings but it is important to note …”

Chapter 3: Sources of Law S. 25-35

„… into the common law and can now be found in commercial law.Canon LawCanon law is the law of the …” „… Sources of LawMinor Sources of LawSome sources that were very important during the development of …” „… 3268910111213Major Sources of LawLegislationStatute LawMost ‘new’ law is enacted in the form of statutes (also …”

Chapter 14: European Union Law S. 135-147

„… European Union LawBackgroundThe project of European integration, which is today reflected by the …” „… of Justice on points of law.The treaties provide for specialised courts, attached to the General …” „… and whose independence must be beyond doubt.Sources of EU LawPrimary sourcesEU law is governed by the …”

Index S. 153-163

„… Edward 3 13, 38Comany– public 13 5– Unlimited 13 4Comercial law 12 1Commercial Court 4 18Commission …” „… 42, 64 f.law reports 3 28law review 3 42Law Society 6 22lawyer 6 16Lay magistrate 4 4, 6 11LCJ …” „… Parliament 8 39Additional member system 8 38Administrative law 15 4Admiralty Court 4 18Admission 7 18ADR …”

Chapter 4: The Court System S. 36-45

„… law and there is no constitutional court. Civil and criminal jurisdiction are also not completely …” „… established by the Judicature Acts 1873-75, which abolished the old common law courts and transferred their …” „… . They are assisted by the clerk of the court, who is legally qualified and advises on questions of law …”

Chapter 13: Company Law S. 126-134

„… Company LawIntroductionA company is one of several forms in which a business enterprise can be …” „… significant amount of the law relating to companies has been set out in statutes, particularly the Companies …” „… been created.The essential feature of such a company is that it is regarded by law as a separate legal …”

Chapter 7: Pre-trial Civil Procedure S. 61-68

„… in which there was a serious irregularity in the proceedings or the court made a mistake of law.The …” „… law on which the claim is based, and the name of any witness the claimant intends to call at the …” „… claims, 35% for employment cases and 50% for all other commercial matters); the difference is that, while …”

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Private Enforcement: Brennpunkte kartellprivatrechtlicher Schadensersatzklagen

Michael Nietsch (ed.), Matthias Weller (ed.)

Series: Schriften der EBS Law School

Volume 3 2014

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Research Center for Transnational Commercial LawNomosBUT_Nietsch_1259-2.indd 3 13.05.14 10:381. Auflage …” „… Nietsch/Matthias Weller (Hrsg.)Workshop des EBS Law School Research Center for Transnational Commercial …” „… EBS Law School gegründeten Research Center for Transnational Commercial Dispute Resolution. Der …”

Weller Matthias Die internationale Deliktszuständigkeit für kartellprivatrechtliche Schadensersatzklagen S. 49-60

„… Recht, Wiesbaden, zugleich Leiter des Research Center for Transnational Commercial Dispute Resolution …” „… (www.ebs.edu/tcdr) an der EBS Law School. 1 Europäische Kommission, Pressemitteilung IP-12-1317_DE vom 5.12.2012. 2 …” „… Parliament and of the Council on certain rules governing actions for damages under national law for …”

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Transnational impacts on law: perspectives from South Africa and Germany

C. Hugo (ed.), Thomas M.J. Möllers (ed.)

Series: Augsburger Rechtsstudien

Volume 86 2017

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Wolfgang Wurmnest Comment on “Tacit Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts” S. 89-98

„… 89 Comment on “Tacit Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts” Wolfgang Wurmnest* I …” „… obligations (Rome I), Recital 6. Comment on “Tacit Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts” 91 …” „… , para. 14. Comment on “Tacit Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts” 93 Bouwers reports …”

Garth J. Bouwers Tacit choice of law in international commercial contracts – the position in South African law and under the Rome I Regulation S. 69-88

„… 69 Tacit choice of law in international commercial contracts – the position in South African law …” „… deserves consideration is the law applicable to international commercial contracts. As Lord Diplock put it …” „… ; Marshall “Reconsidering the proper law of the Tacit choice of law in international commercial contracts …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… between Germany and South Africa are impressive: various areas of commercial law (company, banking …” „… ............................................... 61 Garth J. Bouwers Tacit choice of law in international commercial contracts – the position in …” „… Augsburger Rechtsstudien 86 Transnational Impacts on Law: Perspectives from South Africa and …”

Karl Marxen, Charl Hugo Exceptions to the independence of autonomous instruments of payment and security: the growing emergence of good faith S. 131-150

„… significance to commercial law. II. Exceptions to independence 1. The South African approach to fraud Legal …” „… With the South African law’s clear appreciation of the fraud exception to the autonomy of letters of …” „… ..................................................................................... 136 III. German law …”

Kathleen van der Linde, Faadhil Adams Towards free movement of companies – the European position as a model for the SADC S. 21-60

„… ’ means companies or firms constituted under civil or commercial law, including cooperative societies, and …” „… art 18 of the decree law No 13 of 1979 states that: “If a legal person has been lawfully registered …” „… application of two different laws to a company: one law dealing with the rights and duties as well as the …”

Index S. 537-549

„… ...222 Armed Conflicts ......................492 Assignment of Law ...................74 Asylum …” „… Law ................................295 − Preamble .......................... 295 Bill of Rights …” „… .......................492 Collective Agreements ............512 Collective Bargaining ...... 505, 512 Commercial Register …”

Eesa Allie Fredericks Contractual capacity in German and South African private international law: a comparative study S. 99-114

„… (eds) The Law of Contract in South Africa (2009) 149; and Nagel Commercial Law (2011) 73 …” „… . 70 172G–H. 71 Kahn “Conflict of laws” 2000 Annual Survey of South African Law 871 876; Kahn …” „… “Jurisdiction and conflict of laws” in Hahlo The South African Law of Husband and Wife (1975) 577 625; and …”

Charl Hugo, Thomas M.J. Möllers Introduction S. 11-20

„… law in international commercial contracts. He emphasises the importance of the private international …” „… indeed if this type of mentality were to transcend into science – almost unthinkable. Law, however …” „… seminal Privatrechtsgeschichte der Neuzeit (A History of Private Law in Europe) Reinhard Zimmermann …”

Dawie de Villiers comparative analysis of the proposed new cybercrime legislation in South Africa and the situation in Germany and the European Union S. 335-370

„… The Roman Dutch law’s contention that only corporeal things are capable of being stolen provided our …” „… does not affect criminal or civil liability in terms of the common law. These laws, if applicable, are …” „… ............................................................................... 336 II. Cybercrime from a common-law perspective ........................... 336 1. The nature of …”

Martina Benecke Labour and social protection for migrant workers in South Africa and in Germany: a comparative study S. 529-536

„… , Commercial Law, Labor Law and Economic Law. Martina Benecke 530 individual countries. Of course, the …” „… ...................................................................................... 535 Case Law …” „… ____________________ * Martina Benecke, Dr. iur. habil.; Professor, University of Augsburg, Faculty of Law. Chair for Civil Law …”

Raphael Koch Comment: Towards free movement of companies – the European position as a model for the SADC S. 61-68

„… ........................................................................................ 68 Case Law …” „… ............................................................................................. 68 I. Introduction Globalisation of markets demands international unification of the law and …” „… national law and they are incorporated in national law. However, free movement of companies refers to …”

Daleen Millard The quest for fairness in the rendering of financial advice and intermediary services in light of the retail distribution review S. 183-216

„… of financial advisers in German law ............................ 203 1. General …” „… ...................................................................................... 213 Case Law …” „… ____________________ * BIur LLB LLM (UP) LLD (UJ). Professor of private law, University of Johannesburg. Daleen Millard 184 …”

Jan L. Neels The law applicable to the proprietary consequences of marriage in South Africa – the influence of German private international law S. 115-130

„… regard from the recently adopted Hague Principles on Choice of Law in International Commercial Contracts …” „… primarily received from the Roman-Dutch conflict of laws, although English law also had a substantial …” „… (n 1) 83–86; and Schulze “Conflict of laws” in Heaton (ed) The Law of Divorce and Dissolution of …”

Thomas M.J. Möllers, Isabella Brosig Providing investment advice in light of MiFID I and II S. 217-246

„… and German law ...................................... 218 2. The law governing investment advice …” „… suitable third way: robo advice ......... 229 II. Law enforcement: principles vs. rules …” „… Law ........................................................................................... 245 …”

Juanitta Calitz, Sanrie Lawrenson Lessons to be learnt from Germany regarding the treatment of executory contracts when a debtor company is being restructured: a South African perspective S. 151-182

„… South-African law and usually means a lawsuit, and not the cancellation of an agreement.49 Therefore …” „… Paulus and Berberich (n 6) 205. Juanitta Calitz / Sanrie Lawrenson 172 principles of the general law …” „… ...................................................................................... 180 Case Law …”

Hennie Strydom Treaty-making and select foreign policy matters under constitutional and judicial scrunity in South Africa S. 247-294

„… and international commercial law which caused a sharp distinction between internal and external …” „… participates in a law-making activity of the EU and to take that position into account in negotiations with …” „… legislative measure such as article 23. As the Court pointed out, the transfer of sovereign and law-making …”

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United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

Alexander Proelß (ed.)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2017

Results in this title

. Submission of disputes to a special chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea or an ad hoc chamber of the Seabed Disputes Chamber or to binding commercial arbitration S. 1262-1267

„… InternationalTribunal for the Law of the Sea or an ad hoc chamber of the SeabedDisputes Chamber or to binding commercial …” „… the Law of the Sea to be formed in accordance with Annex VI, articles15 and 17; or25 See Burke on Art …” „… , at the request of any party to thedispute, to binding commercial arbitration, unless the parties …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-LII

„… Lawof the SeaUnited NationsConvention on theLaw of the SeaLeinen mit Prägung, 160x240mm, P. 202, P. 533 …” „… 240.00mmProelssUnited Nations Conventionon the Law of the SeaReemers Publishing Services …” „… : 160.00mm 240.00mmUnited NationsConvention on theLaw of the SeaA Commentaryedited byAlexander …”

. Immunity of ships used only on government non-commercial service S. 717-722

„… wording appears inspired by prior treaty law on commercial matters. TheInternational Convention for the …” „… ” or in “commercial” service.’74The International Law Commission (ILC), in its Articles concerning the …” „… the threat or use of force found in customary international law and elucidatedin Art. 301. The point …”

. Sovereign immunity S. 1592-1597

„… for non-commercial purposes with the laws and regulations of the coastal State concerning passage …” „… being, only on government non-commercial service. However, each State shall ensure, by the adoption of …” „… practicable, with this Convention.Bibliography: Robin R. Churchill/Alan V. Lowe, The Law of the Sea (3rd edn …”

. Immunities of warships and other government ships operated for non-commercial purposes S. 251-255

„… warships and other non-commercial public ships is well established ininternational law.29 Although the …” „… without adequate basisin law ( Art. 106), the unfounded exercise of right of visit ( Art. 110 (3)), and …” „… theunjustified interdiction of vessels in hot pursuit ( Art. 111 (8)). The reference to interna-tional law …”

. Responsibility of the flag State for damage caused by a warship or other government ship operated for non-commercial purposes S. 249-251

„… government shipoperated for non-commercial purposes with the laws and regulations of the coastal …” „… international law.Bibliography: James Crawford/Alain Pellet/Simon Olleson (eds.), The Law of International …” „… non-compliance with coastal State laws, or provisions ofthe Convention or rules of international law, and which …”

. Production policies S. 1067-1075

„… , commercial production shallnot be undertaken pursuant to an approved plan of work until the operator …” „… may not be applied for or issued more than five yearsprior to the planned commencement of commercial …” „… to begin commercial production on the date planned.(c) For the purposes of subparagraphs (a) and (b …”

ANNEX IV STATUTE OF THE ENTERPRISE S. 2276-2312

„… on the Law of the Sea, ISBADoc. ISBA/19/C/10 (2013); ISA, Laws, Regulations and Administrative …” „… , operate in accordance with sound commercial principles.Bibliography: Myron H. Nordquist/Satya N …” „… . Nandan/Shabtai Rosenne (eds.), United Nations Convention on theLaw of the Sea 1982: A Commentary, vol. VI (2002 …”

ANNEX III BASIC CONDITIONS OF PROSPECTING, EXPLORATION AND EXPLOITATION S. 2114-2276

„… Convention.Bibliography: Myron H. Nordquist/Satya N. Nandan/Shabtai Rosenne (eds.), United Nations Convention on theLaw of …” „… International Seabed Authority under Article 166,Paragraph 4, of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the …” „… . Nandan/Shabtai Rosenne(eds.), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary, vol. VI (2002 …”

. Marine mammals S. 851-859

„… Law,vol. I: Peace (9th edn. 1992); Philip C. Jessup, The Law of Territorial Waters and Maritime …” „… the Convention onthe Law of the Sea and Related Provision – Practice under the International …” „… Convention for the Regulation ofWhaling, in: David Freestone/Richard Barnes/David M. Ong (eds.), The Law of …”

. Definition of warships S. 242-245

„… Schindler/Jiřı́ Toman, The Laws of Armed Conflicts (1988)Documents: ILC, Report of the International Law …” „… , including theInstitute of International Law’s Manual on the Laws of Naval War.33 Art. 32 (2) of the …” „… operatedfor non-commercial purposesArticle 29Definition of warshipsFor the purposes of this Convention …”

. Non-compliance by warships with the laws and regulations of the coastal State S. 245-249

. Right to conduct marine scientific research S. 1606-1615

„… Picard, The Legal Régime of Marine Scientific Research and the ThirdUnited Nations Conference on the Law …” „… of the Sea, ZaöRV 38 (1978), 848–901; Robin R. Churchill/Alan V. Lowe,The Law of the Sea (3rd edn …” „… Gutiérrez (ed.), Serving the Rule of International Maritime Law: Essays in Honour of Professor DavidJoseph …”

. Protection of human life S. 1029-1036

„… obligates the Authority to adopt rules, regulations andprocedures to this end. The law-making power in this …” „… procedures to supplement existing international law as embodied inrelevant treaties.Bibliography: Aldo …” „… . Scott/Tim Stephens (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of The Law of the Sea (2015), 416–438;Walter Kälin/Jörg …”

. Charges which may be levied on foreign ships S. 227-230

„… and Commercial Navigation(1858), 534.2 Daniel P. O’Connell, The International Law of the Sea, vol. II …” „… of Commerceand Commercial Navigation (1858); David C. Jackson, Enforcement of Maritime Claims (4th …” „… edn. 2005); FrancisNgantcha, The Right of Innocent Passage and the Evolution of the International Law …”

. Archaeological and historical objects found at sea S. 1951-1962

„… make it clear thatwhat was meant was commercial maritime law.’3525All of this further undermines the …” „… underwatercultural heritage. Salvage law regards objects primarily as property with commercial value and rewards …” „… , the law of salvage orother rules of admiralty, or laws and practices with respect to cultural …”

. The Enterprise S. 1211-1217

„… Energy and Mineral Resources and the Law of the Sea: The Area Beyond the Limits of NationalJurisdiction …” „… (1986); Ian Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law (2003); Jesper Grolin, The Seabed …” „… (eds.), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary, vol. VI (2002);Christopher …”

. Penal jurisdiction in matters of collision or any other incident of navigation S. 722-726

„… was contrary to international law,but the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) held that …” „… vesselengaged exclusively on government non-commercial service would have immunity in respectof its acts from …” „… non-commercial service’ may be excluded from the scope of the UNCLOSdispute settlement provisions under Art. 298 …”

. Funds of the Authority S. 1217-1221

„… ; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmagreed the Enterprise should begin its operations through commercial joint …” „… . Nordquist/Satya N. Nandan/Shabtai Rosenne (eds.), United Nations Convention on theLaw of the Sea 1982: A …” „… Technology for Deep Sea-Bed Mining (1994); Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law(2001)Documents: GA, Agreement …”

. Policies relating to activities in the Area S. 1059-1067

„… (1982); Günther Jaenicke, The United Nations Convention onthe Law of the Sea and the Agreement Relating …” „… International Sea-Bed Area, in: René Jean Dupuy/Daniel Vignes (eds.), AHandbook on the New Law of the Sea, vol …” „… Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary, vol. VI (2002); BernhardH. Oxman, The 1994 Agreement …”

. Responsibility and liability S. 1586-1592

„… will be ‘liable in accordance with international law’for failing to fulfil their international legal …” „… inaccordance with international law.2. States shall ensure that recourse is available in accordance with their …” „… marine environment, States shall cooperate in theimplementation of existing international law and the …”

. Immunity of warships on the high seas S. 715-717

„… Rosenne (eds.), United Nations Convention on theLaw of the Sea 1982: A Commentary, vol. III (1995); Daniel …” „… P. O’Connell, The International Law of the Sea, vol. I(1982); Daniel P. O’Connell, The International …” „… Law of the Sea, vol. II (1984); Bernard H. Oxman, The Regime ofWarships under the United Nations …”

. Transfer of technology S. 1003-1008

„… . Nordquist/Ronan Long/Tomas H. Heidar/John Norton Moore (eds.), Law,Science & Ocean Management (2007), 345 et seq.5 …” „… the UN Conventionon the Law of the Sea: Breakthrough to Universality?, Marine Policy 19 (1995) 5–20 …” „… Marine Technology, in: Myron H.Nordquist/Ronan Long/Tomas H. Heidar/John Norton Moore (eds.), Law …”

. Non-recognition of marine scientific research activities as the legal basis for claims S. 1625-1631

„… Siblesz(eds.), Realism in Law-Making: Essays on International Law in Honour of Willem Riphagen (1986), 131–155 …” „… Gutiérrez(ed.), Serving the Rule of International Maritime Law (2010), 119–128; Joanna Mossop, Marine …” „… NationsConvention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary, vol. IV (1991); Alfred H. A. Soons, Marine …”

. Scope of this section S. 288-294

„… inInternational Law (1998); Anatolii L. Kolodkin/Vasilii N. Gutsuliak/Iulia V. Bobrova, The World Ocean …” „… : Interna-tional Legal Regime (translated by William Butler, 2010); James Kraska, The Law of the Sea Convention and …” „… StatesPractice in International Law 1981–1988, Book II (1994); Myron H. Nordquist/Satya N. Nandan/Shabtai …”

. Submarines and other underwater vehicles S. 197-200

„… : Robin R. Churchill/Alan V. Lowe, The Law of the Sea (3rd edn. 1999); Jane G. Dalton, FutureNavies …” „… Law of the Sea: Part I – The Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone and Related Topics, ICLQ 8 (1959 …” „… DiegoLRev 21(1983), 625–689; Natalie Klein, Maritime Security and the Law of the Sea (2011); Francis …”

. Organs of the Authority S. 1116-1123

„… Jaenicke, The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Agreement Relating tothe …” „… Implementation of Part XI of the Convention: Treaty Law Problems in the Process of Revising the DeepSeabed Mining …” „… , The Law of Deep Sea-Bed Mining (1987); L. Dolliver M. Nelson, The New Deep Sea-Bed MiningRegime, IJMCL …”

. Unauthorized broadcasting from the high seas S. 764-768

„… Stategovernment vessels is, however, inefficient. The most effective law-enforcement efforts againstpirate radio …” „… measures’ mayinclude boarding the vessel, searching the vessel and/or taking such other law …” „… broad-casting and seize the broadcasting apparatus.Bibliography: Robin R. Churchill/Alan V. Lowe, The Law of the …”

. Marine mammals S. 520-528

„… Dogfish, Golden Gate University Law Review 34 (2004), 531–571.45 UNEP/CMS, Memorandum of Understanding on …” „… , Marine Mammals: Exploiting the Ambiguities of Article 65 of the Conventionon the Law of the Sea and …” „… Freestone/Richard Barnes/David M. Ong (eds.), The Law of the Sea: Progress and Prospects(2006), 261–280; Patricia W …”

. Marine scientific research in the Area S. 1718-1726

„… : Craig H. Allen, Protecting the Oceanic Gardens of Eden: International Law Issues in Deep-SeaVent …” „… Resource Conservation and Management, Georgetown International Environmental Law Review 13 (2001),563–660 …” „… JosephAttard (ed.), The IMLI Manual on International Maritime Law, vol. I (2014), 396–430; Andree …”

. Non-discrimination with respect to foreign vessels S. 1545-1548

„… economic zone and on the continental shelf.5The principle of non-discrimination is widely used in the law …” „… commercial operations granted to vessels, theircargoes and passengers.8 In addition, a port State could …” „… use, and the full enjoyment of the benefits as regardsnavigation and commercial operations which a …”

. Marine scientific research S. 990-1003

„… ScientificResearch Regime, in: Myron H. Nordquist/Ronan Long/Tomas H. Heidar/John Norton Moore (eds.), Law,Science …” „… . Nordquist et al. (eds.), Law,Science & Ocean Management (2007), 770.8 Yoshifumi Tanaka, Obligation to …” „… on International Maritime Law, vol. I – The Law of the Sea (2014), Ch. 14, 369–430; Margaret F …”

. Archaeological and historical objects S. 1053-1059

„… commercial enterprises based in developed States from setting up companies indeveloping States, acquiring …” „… , Land-Locked and Geographically Disadvantaged States, CommonwealthLaw Bulletin 31 (2005), 59, 63; ‘[…] the …” „… .), reproduced in: Renate Platzöder (ed.), Third United Nations Conference on the Law of theSea: Documents, vol …”

. The Review Conference S. 1093-1098

„… commercial productioncommences under an approved plan of work, the Assembly shall convene a conference forthe …” „… Interna-tional Regime of the Area Pursuant to Article 154 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea …” „… of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, ISA Doc.ISBA/21/A/9/Rev.1 (2015), para. 5.19 …”

. Ice-covered areas S. 1567-1586

„… part of customary international law.Brian Hoyle, The United States Government Perspective, in: Lawrence …” „… United States Government Perspective, in: Lawrence Juda (ed.), The United States Without the Law of …” „… governmentalnon-commercial service.’ This proposal did, however, state that such provisions would beapplicable ‘so far as is …”

. Right of archipelagic sea lanes passage S. 394-405

„… Nordquist/Nandan/Rosenne (note 18), 462.36 Ibid.37 Ibid., 461. This is provided for under Art. 12 (1) of Law No 6 of 1996 …” „… Platzöder (ed.), Third United Nations Conference on theLaw of the Sea: Documents, vol. V (1984), 77.39 Bin …” „… routes normally used forinternational navigation.Bibliography: Sam Bateman, Security and the Law of the …”

. Jurisdiction of the Seabed Disputes Chamber S. 1255-1262

„… InternationalTribunal for the Law of the Sea or an ad hoc chamber of the SeabedDisputes Chamber or to binding commercial …” „… : A. O. Adede, The Basic Structure of the Disputes Settlement Part of the Law of the Sea …” „… Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary, vol. VI (2002); Louis B. Sohn, Toward …”

Index S. 2554-2619

„… 15 etseq.Admission to internal waters 25 9 et seq.Advisory Body of Experts on the Law of theSea …” „… .– transition period 172 5Antarctic Treaty 1959 88 2Applicable law in compulsory procedure 293 1et seq.– court …” „… .– special regime of international law 293 6Applied scientific research– research in the exclusive economic …”

. Optional exceptions to applicability of section 2 S. 1920-1934

„… aircraftengaged in non-commercial service, defined so as to exclude law enforcement activitiespursuant to the …” „… extending the scope of theexemption to ancillary law-enforcement activities by the coastal State. In other …” „… law-enforcement activities in regard54 Nordquist/Rosenne/Sohn (note 3), 130 (esp. footnote 36 and accompanying …”

. Guidelines, criteria and standards S. 1792-1794

„… , TheAdvisory Body of Experts on the Law of the Sea: Third Session, IOC Doc. IOC/ABE-LOS III/3 (2003 …” „… Possible Role in Relation to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (IOC-LOS),IOC Doc. IOC/INF …” „… the Law ofthe Sea: Documents of the Geneva Session 1975 (1975), 299, 300.2 UNCLOS III, Informal Single …”

. Ships flying the flag of the United Nations, its specialized agencies and the International Atomic Energy Agency S. 705-708

„… the flag of the organization.Bibliography: Robin R. Churchill/Alan V. Lowe, The Law of the Sea (3rd …” „… Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary,vol. III (1995); Louis Savagado, Les navires battant pavillon d’une …” „… organisation internationale, AFDI 53 (2007),640–671; Nagendra Singh, International Law Problems of Merchant …”

. Accommodation of activities in the Area and in the marine environment S. 1036-1047

„… to thesupplementation of already existing international law. Nevertheless, the Authority is the …” „… regulations for exploitation at commercial scale, the Authority should carefullyassess whether the existing …” „… activities in the Area.Bibliography: David Anderson, The Principle of Reasonableness in the Law of the Sea …”

. Breaking or injury of a submarine cable or pipeline S. 783-786

„… Beckman/Tara M. Davenport (eds.), Submarine Cables: The Handbook of Law andPolicy (2014), 281–297; Gilbert …” „… , Tulane Maritime Law Journal 31 (2007), 377–423; Natalie Klein, Maritime Security and theLaw of the Sea …” „… .), A Handbook on the New Law of the Sea, vol. II (1991), 977–988; Myron H. Nordquist/Satya …”

. Periodic Review S. 1090-1093

„… . Nordquist/Satya N. Nandan/Shabtai Rosenne (eds.), United Nations Convention on theLaw of the Sea 1982: A …” „… Exploitation of Sea-bed Mineral Resources, in: René Jean Dupuy/Daniel Vignes (eds.), AHandbook on the New Law …” „… Convention on the Law of the Sea, ISA Doc. ISBA/21/A/9/Rev. 1 (2015); ISA, Periodic Review of the …”

. Right to fish on the high seas S. 792-804

„… Law of the Sea, ODIL 22(1991), 95–131; William T. Burke, Highly Migratory Species in the New Law of …” „… the Sea, ODIL 14 (1983), 273–314; William T. Burke, The New International Law of Fisheries: UNCLOS …” „… Proposals: Implications for Straddling Stocks and the InternationalLaw of Fisheries, ODIL 24 (1993), 99–121 …”

. Foreign nuclear-powered ships and ships carrying nuclear or other inherently dangerous or noxious substances S. 214-218

„… ofRadioactive Waste 1990,15 Principle 19 of the Rio Declaration, and the International LawCommission Draft …” „… (1999),131–145; Robert Nadelson, After MOX: The Contemporary Shipment of Radioactive Substances in the Law of …” „… of the InternationalLaw Commission: Draft Articles on the Prevention of Transboundary Harm from …”

. Catadromous species S. 537-541

„… on the Lawof the Sea 1982: A Commentary, vol. II (1993); Yoshifumi Tanaka, The International Law of …” „… Conventions on the Law of the Sea: Some Suggestions for Their Revision,Natural Resources Lawyer 1 (1968 …” „… Anadromous andCatadromous Species, in: Ellen Hey (ed.), Developments in International Fisheries Law (1999 …”

. Civil jurisdiction in relation to foreign ships S. 238-242

„… maritime agreements remain contingent upon jurisdictional frame-works under public international law.II …” „… Schindler/Jiřı́ Toman, The Laws of Armed Conflicts (1988)Documents: ILC, Report of the International Law …” „… after leavinginternal waters.Bibliography: Robin R. Churchill/Alan V. Lowe, The Law of the Sea (3rd edn …”

. Rights of protection of the coastal State S. 223-227

„… Ndiaye/Rüdiger Wolfrum (eds.), Law of the Sea. Environmental Lawand Settlement of Disputes (2007), 497–517.15 ILC …” „… after having been duly published.Bibliography: Robin R. Churchill/Alan V. Lowe, The Law of the Sea (3rd …” „… edn. 1999); Douglas Guilfoyle, ShippingInterdiction and the Law of the Sea (2009); Alan V. Lowe, The …”

. Legal status S. 1229-1233

„… . Shaw, International Law (2001); Ian Brownlie, Principles of Public International Law (1999); Jeffrey L …” „… . Dunoff/Steven R. Ratner/David Wippman, International Law (2010); P. Chandrasekhara Rao/Rahmatullah Khan …” „… , TheInternational Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: Law and Practice (2001)Documents: GA, Agreement Relating to the …”

. Navigational and safety aids and other improvements and the prevention, reduction and control of pollution S. 321-325

„… International Law (1998); Douglas M. Johnston,The Northwest Passage Revisited, ODIL 33 (2002), 145–164; Steven B …” „… . Nordquist/Satya N. Nandan/ShabtaiRosenne (eds.), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A …” „… of the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention,Ocean Yearbook 20 (2006), 561–594; Bernard Oxman, Observations …”

. Safeguards with respect to straits used for international navigation S. 1564-1567

„… section.Bibliography: Bing Bing Jia, The Regime of Straits in International Law (1998); Ana G. López …” „… InternationalTribunal for the Law of the Sea, IJMCL 11 (1996), 179–200.Safeguards with respect to straits used for …” „… .3d from 20.02.2017 18:30:123B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmLaw of the Sea 1982, BYIL 60 …”

. Utilization of the living resources S. 494-507

„… : David J. Attard, The Exclusive Economic Zone in International Law (1987); William T. Burke,U.S. Fishery …” „… Management and the New Law of the Sea, AJIL 76 (1982), 24–55; William T. Burke, Coastal StateFishery …” „… Regulation under International Law: A Comment on the La Bretagne Award of July 17, 1986, SanDiegoLRev 25 …”

. Right of visit S. 768-773

„… to ‘governmentships on commercial service’.189 ILC Law of the Sea Articles with Commentaries (note 1 …” „… canbe received. Art. 109 (4) authorises high seas law-enforcement action by such States.17 Reference to …” „… law.Article 111Right of hot pursuit1. The hot pursuit of a foreign ship may be undertaken when the competent …”

. Exclusion of application of the most-favoured-nation clause S. 912-917

„… denBossche, The Law and Policy of the World Trade Organisation (3rd edn. 2010); Stephen C. Vasciannie …” „… , Land-Locked and Geographically Disadvantaged States in the International Law of the Sea (1990)Documents: ILC …” „… , Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties Arising from the Diversification and Expan-sion of …”

. Right of innocent passage S. 177-182

„… aviation law.II. Historical Background3It is difficult to identify consistent and uniform practice …” „… sea.Bibliography: William E. Butler, Innocent Passage and the 1982 Convention: The Influence of Soviet Law …” „… andPolicy, AJIL 81 (1987), 331–347; Robin R. Churchill/Alan V. Lowe, The Law of the Sea (3rd edn. 1999 …”

. Marine scientific research in the territorial sea S. 1644-1650

„… , Acts of the Conference for the Codification of International Law,Minutes of the Second Committee, Doc …” „… theconditions set forth by the coastal State.Bibliography: Richard Baxter, The International Law of Scientific …” „… Research in the Oceans, Georgia Journal ofInternational and Comparative Law 6 (1976), 27–39; Katharina …”

. Participation of developing States in activities in the Area S. 1047-1053

„… from it.Bibliography: L. M. Alexander, The ‘Disadvantaged’ States and the Law of the Sea, Marine Policy …” „… ), 641–663; Philippe Cullet,Differential Treatment in International Law: Towards a New Paradigm of …” „… Inter-State Relations, EJIL 10 (1999),549–582; Hasjim Djalal, The Developing Countries and the Law of the Sea …”

. Highly migratory species S. 514-520

„… at: http://www.mpepil.com; David J. Attard, The Exclusive EconomicZone in International Law (1987 …” „… ); Patricia W. Birnie, Marine Mammals: Exploiting the Ambiguities of Article 65of the Convention on the Law of …” „… Whaling, in: David Freestone/Richard Barnes/David M. Ong (eds.), The Law of the Sea:Progress and Prospects …”

. Use of terms S. 335-353

„… .4/77 (1954); ILC, Report of the International LawCommission, UN Doc. A/2934 (1955), GAOR 7th Sess …” „… Water’. This law subjected the right of innocentpassage to laws and regulations issued by the Indonesian …” „… law.Such passage shall be through sea lanes as may be designated for that purpose by the archipelagicState …”

. Existing agreements, traditional fishing rights and existing submarine cables S. 383-390

„… pending examination, could not be accepted by the two States as‘valid under international law’.188 The …” „… Relation to the Law of the Dominican Republic, Number 66-07 of 22 May 2007,18 October 2007.19 See, e. g., s …” „… locationand the intention to repair or replace them.Bibliography: Robin R. Churchill/Alan V. Lowe, The Law of …”

. The staff of the Authority S. 1192-1199

„… Law of the Sea: Progress and Prospects (2006), 75–92; Myron H.Nordquist/Satya N. Nandan/Shabtai …” „… Rosenne (eds.), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: ACommentary, vol. VI (2002); Michael …” „… Convention on the Law of the Sea, ISA Doc. ISBA/4/A/11 (1998);ISA, Report of the Secretary-General of the …”

. Enforcement by coastal States S. 1506-1513

„… Law,OCLJ 5 (2000), 207, 223.39 To that effect, see also: Lindemann (note 24), 312, 318 and 339; David H …” „… . Nothing in this Part shall prejudice the right of States, pursuant to international law,both customary and …” „… . Anderson, Investigation, Detentionand Release of Foreign Vessels under the UN Convention on the Law of the …”

. Criminal jurisdiction on board a foreign ship S. 230-238

„… LawAssociation, AJIL 23, No. 2 Suppl. (1929), 373–375; IMO, The Collation and Preservation of Evidence …” „… mmbreach of laws and regulation in the EEZ. Under domestic law, enforcement authorities aregenerally …” „… renders passage non-innocent.17 Moreover, private maritime law providesappropriate mechanisms for the …”

. Conservation of the living resources of the high seas S. 831-851

„… International Fisheries Law,in: Ellen Hey (ed.), Developments in International Fisheries Law (1999), 107 …” „… );Patricia Birnie/Alan Boyle/Catherine Redgwell, International Law and the Environment (3rd edn. 2009 …” „… LivingResources (2012); William T. Burke, The New International Law of Fisheries: UNCLOS 1982 and Beyond (1994 …”

. Protection of the marine environment S. 1008-1029

„… : Strengthening the International LawFramework (2009), 74–97.Part XI. The AreaArt. 145 11–121014 …” „… Boyle/Catherine Redgwell, International Law & the Environment (3rd edn.2009); Marcel Brus, Third Party Dispute …” „… the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, MarinePolicy 49 (2014), 90–97; Oliver Dörr …”

. Declarations, notifications and communications S. 2533-2541

„… Community and the New Law of the Sea, RdC 218 (1989),9, 136.30 And Art. 311 (2) UNCLOS, which has also been …” „… compared with Art. 103 of the United Nations Charter. SeeBudislav Vukas, The Law of the Sea Convention and …” „… the Law of Treaties, in: Volkmar Götz/Peter Selmer/RüdigerWolfrum (eds.), Liber amicorum Günther …”

. Anadromous stocks S. 528-537

„… on the Lawof the Sea 1982: A Commentary, vol. II (1993); Yoshifumi Tanaka, The International Law of …” „… : David J. Attard, The Exclusive Economic Zone in International Law (1987); Patricia W. Birnie,The …” „… .), Developments in International Fisheries Law (1999), 357–393; Jill L. Bubier, International Manage-ment of …”

. Use of terms and scope S. 18-28

„… determined by each State in conformity with international law.Under Art. 134 (4) of the Convention, the …” „… international law.Bibliography: Richard Barnes, Property Rights and Natural Resources (2009); Ian Brownlie …” „… . Suppl. 9, 12–45; ILC, Report of the International LawCommission Covering the Work of Its Eighth Session …”

. Use of technologies or introduction of alien or new species S. 1320-1329

„… der Zwaag, Invasive Sea Weeds: Global and Regional Law and Policy Responses, in Craig R. Johnson …” „… MarineEnvironment, Journal of International Wildlife Law & Policy 10 (2007), 109–152; Henry Hahn, Die …” „… desNaturschutzrechts (2009); Lee A. Kimball, The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: A Frameworkfor Marine …”

ANNEX VI STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE LAW OF THE SEA S. 2335-2466

„… 1General provisions1. The International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea is constituted and shall …” „… International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: A Commentary (2006); Gritakumar E. Chitty, A Brief Historyof the …” „… . Nordquist/John N. Moore (eds.), Current Marine Environmental Law Issues and the International Tribunal for the …”

. Conservation of the living resources S. 481-494

„… economic zone.Bibliography: David J. Attard, The Exclusive Economic Zone in International Law (1987 …” „… ); Richard Barnes, TheConvention on the Law of the Sea: An Effective Framework for Domestic Fisheries …” „… Conservation?, in: DavidFreestone/Richard Barnes/David M. Ong (eds.), The Law of the Sea: Progress and …”

. Limitations on applicability of section 2 S. 1908-1920

„… the Sea (1987); Alan E. Boyle, Dispute Settlement and the Law of the Sea Convention: Problems of …” „… Law of theSea (2005); Myron H. Nordquist/Shabtai Rosenne/Louis B. Sohn (eds.), United Nations …” „… Convention on the Law ofthe Sea 1982: A Commentary, vol. V (1989); Rüdiger Wolfrum, Das …”

. Internal waters S. 85-97

„… (1955), vol. II, 19–32; ILC, Report of the International Law Commission: Articles Concerning the Lawof …” „… LawCommission: Commentaries to the Articles Concerning the Law of the Sea, UN Doc. A/3159 (1956), GAOR 11thSess …” „… Nations, Committee of Experts for the Progressive Codification of International Law:Questionnaire No. 2 …”

. Right of access to and from the sea and freedom of transit S. 899-912

„… International Law,Collected Courses, vol. XXII (1928); Guy Feuer, Reflexions sur la charte des droits et devoirs …” „… Law,Chiefly as Interpreted by the United States, vol. I (1948), 618, who took the view that ‘[t]he principle …” „… ofInternational Law and Politics 7 (1974), 37–53; Martin. I. Glassner, Access to the Sea for Developing …”

. Normal baseline S. 46-61

„… coasts, see Christoph C. Joyner, Ice Covered Regions in International Law,Natural Resources Journal 31 …” „… AmericanSociety of International Law.9Art. 4 is a strict geometric rule that derives the outer limit of the …” „… Contemporary Issues in the Law of the Sea (2011), 31–68; Chris Carleton/Clive Schofield, Developmentsin the …”

. Regime of islands S. 859-882

„… ); Robert Jennings and Arthur Watts (eds.), Oppenheim’s International Law,vol. I: Peace (9th edn. 1992 …” „… Regime of Islands in International Law (1979); Jonathan I.Charney, Rocks that Cannot Sustain Human …” „… Habitation, AJIL 93 (1999), 863–877; Alex G. Oude Elferink,Clarifying Article 121(3) of the Law of the Sea …”

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ZNR Zeitschrift für Neuere Rechtsgeschichte

Browse Volumes: ZNR Zeitschrift für Neuere Rechtsgeschichte

ZNR Volume 45 (2023) Issue 1 ISSN Online: 0250-6459

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DAVE DE RUYSSCHER The merchant on stage: Grand narratives in the history of commercial law S. 75-96

„… Law,Commercial Law and Levin Goldschmidt’s Legacy, in: K. Verboven – P. Erdkamp (eds), Lawand Economic …” „… historyof commercial lawThe historiography on commercial law in Europe for the later Middle Ages and early …” „… towards the origins and development of commercial law.Merchants innovate and push society towards freedom …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. U1-U2

„… history of commercial law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75ForschungsberichtANJA AMEND-TRAUT …”

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International Sales Law

Larry A. DiMatteo (ed.), André Janssen (ed.), Ulrich Magnus (ed.), Reiner Schulze (ed.)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2016

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-LVI

„… Commercial Code (UCC), andChinese Contract Law—provides the base knowledge needed to understand thenuances of …” „… / Magnus / SchulzeContract, Principles & PracticeInternationalSales LawInternational Sales LawLeinen mit …” „… International Commercial Contracts (PICC), Princi-ples of European Contract Law (PECL), the proposal for a …”

Severine Saintier Chapter 27: Agency and Distribution Agreements S. 897-948

„… national law;(b) where the commercial agent has terminated the agency contract, unless such termination is …” „… between civiland common law).2 Bradgate, Commercial Law (3rd edn, OUP 2001) p. 125.3 Markesinis & Munday …” „… harmonisation of commercial law and the impacton cross-border transaction’ in Villalta Puig and Twigg-Flesner …”

Sieg Eiselen Chapter 5: Scope of CISG S. 91-118

„… .PreambleE. Sampling of LawsSieg Eiselen 971415161718of the conflict-of-law rules and should be without …” „… governing law instead of the CISG.The UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC …” „… may be iden-tical.IX. CISG and National LawsIn German law the CISG applies to international sales …”

Petra Butler Chapter 30: Choice of Law S. 1025-1086

„… Principles On Choice Of Law In International Commercial Contracts, Article2.D. Choice of Substantive LawPetra …” „… cc) The Draft Hague Principles on Choice of Law in Interna-tional Commercial Contracts …” „… , UNIDROIT Principles 2010; OHADA Uniform Act on general CommercialLaw, (Draft) Common European Sales Law …”

Larry A. DiMatteo, André Janssen, Ulrich Magnus, Reiner Schulze Chapter 1: Introduction S. 1-20

„… Schulze891011national trade law to what has become known as ‘transnational commercial law.’This, according …” „… ought’ of international sales law.F. International Transactional LawyeringLegal systems have rules of …” „… Restatement of Contract Law:The UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (3rd edn …”

Ulrich Magnus Chapter 9: Incorporation of Standard Terms S. 243-266

„… ;Cordero-Moss, Boilerplate Clauses, International Commercial Contracts and Applicable Law(CUP 2011); Kornet …” „… incorporated by a commercial usage.c) Consumer Cases. Chinese Contract Law applies both to business peopleand …” „… International Commercial Contracts: A Brief Compar-ison’ (2000) Uniform Law Review 429 (430–431).88 See Mo …”

Larry A. DiMatteo Chapter 29: Post-Contract: Continuing Obligations & Rights S. 979-1024

„… . American Uniform Commercial Code and English-American CommonLaw of ContractsUCC Warranty Lawa) Implied …” „… .E. Sampling of LawsLarry A. DiMatteo 9892728Disclaimer LawFor purposes of restricting post-contract …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26IX. American Uniform Commercial Code and English-American Com-mon Law of Contracts …”

Rafael Illescas Ortiz Chapter 3: Pre-contractual Liability in the Civil Law S. 39-56

„… law toformulate, interpret and fill gaps in international commercial contracts and uni-form laws, and …” „… conceived as a soft law that could extend to all kinds of international com-mercial contracts, including the …” „… Ortiz5051525354D. Sampling of LawsI. UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial …”

Christian Fleischmann, Martin Schmidt-Kessel Chapter 13: Delivery of Documents S. 341-378

„… .1.2.3.1 Cf Berman & Kaufman, ‘The Law of International Commercial Transactions (Lex Mercatoria)’(1978) 19 …” „… Int’l LJ 423, 425.3 Berman, ‘The Law of International Commercial Transactions (Lex Mercatoria)’ (1988) 2 …” „… credit. In Germany the German Commercial code and other sup-plementary law details the requirements for …”

Michel Cannarsa Chapter 24: Products Liability S. 783-812

„… national law,not be binding on the consumer. (2) Member States shall take the necessary measures to …” „… liability cases inthe common law area at the beginning of the 20th century.25 Common lawevolved from caveat …” „… law, you must not injure yourneighbour; and the lawyer’s question, Who is my neighbour? receives a …”

Lisa Spagnolo Chapter 23: Contract Interpretation S. 713-782

„… InternationalCommercial Contracts (2nd edn, OUP 2015) Introduction to Chapter 4 [2].E. Sampling of LawsLisa Spagnolo …” „… . Sampling of LawsLisa Spagnolo 719IV. Principles of European Contract Law(1) The parties are bound by any …” „… inInternational Contract Law’ (2008) 20 Pace Int’l L Rev 1, 10. See also Uniform CommercialCode (‘UCC’) § 2-207.38 …”

Sörren Kiene Chapter 12: Delivery of Goods S. 313-340

„… , http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/000329b1.html;BGH 11 December 1996, CISG-Online No. 225 (‘Lieferung: frei Haus …” „… LawPlace of Delivery1. Where the place of delivery cannot be otherwise determined, it is:(a) in the case of …” „… . Principles of European Contract LawPlace of Performance(1) If the place of performance of a contractual …”

Reiner Schulze Chapter 8: Formation of Contract S. 203-242

„… consistent with Eng-lish common law, the Uniform Commercial Code’s § 2 on the Sale of Goods di-vergences …” „… development of the PICC, the PECL, the CESL and severalnational laws (such as the Chinese Contract Law …” „… law (as well as the other legal systems modelled on French and Spanish law)include the requirement of …”

Sieg Eiselen Chapter 7: Contractual Formalities S. 181-202

„… Article 8Article 9E. Sampling of LawsSieg Eiselen 185111213III. Principles of European Contract Law(ex …” „… (2009) p. 8; Dalhuisen ,Dalhuisen onTransnational Comparative, Commercial, Finance and Trade Law Vol 2 …” „… : Contract and Mov-able Property Law (2013) para 1.2.8.E. Sampling of LawsSieg Eiselen 1871819If the law …”

Larry A. DiMatteo Chapter 22: Excuse: Impossibility and Hardship S. 665-712

„… .law.pace.edu/cases/020109g1.html.E. Sampling of LawsLarry A. DiMatteo 677353637event can be unforeseeable and, at the …” „… law’s impossibility and frustration of purpose doctrines. In the 1960 s,the American Uniform Commercial …” „… law.CISG Article 79: Case LawBecause of the neutrality of the word ‘impediment’ and Article 79’s …”

Claire M. Germain Chapter 2: Language and Translation Issues S. 21-38

„… .law.pace.edu/cases/051013f1.html.44 CA Grenoble, Commercial Chamber 13 September 1995, at http://cisgw3 …” „… .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7II. UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts 8III. Common European Sales Law …” „… Euro-pean Sales Law, COM (2011) 635 final.E. Sampling of LawsClaire M. Germain 236789Where the language to …”

André Janssen Chapter 16: Examination and Notice of Non-Conformity S. 429-466

„… International Commercial Contracts (PICC) nor thePrinciples of European Private Law (PECL) incorporate a duty to …” „… , in accordance with Article 336(2) of the Spanish CommercialCode, Spanish law stipulates a period of …” „… . Mexican law is similarly strict: Article 383 of theMexican Commercial Code provides for a period of five …”

Larry A. DiMatteo Chapter 4: Pre-contractual Liability in the Common Law S. 57-90

„… intended(disclaimer).E. Sampling of LawsFirst a few introductory notes: (1) the analysis of the common law on goodfaith …” „… interesting and because a plausibleargument can be made that Chinese commercial law is a civil law system …” „… Commercial Code Supplementary general principles of law applicableUnless displaced by the particular …”

Willibald Posch Chapter 26: Defenses S. 855-896

„… device. The CISG doesnot provide rules for set-off, delegating the issue to domestic law.C. Statement of …” „… obligations proportionally.III. Principles of European Contract LawMistake as to facts or law(1) A party may …” „… Sales LawMistake1. A party may avoid a contract for mistake of fact or law existing when the contract …”

Edoardo Ferrante Chapter 11: Validity of Contract Terms S. 285-312

„… et seq.15 See part D above.E. Sampling of LawsEdoardo Ferrante 29335363738form international law, at …” „… Encyclopedia of European Pri-vate Law Vol II (OUP 2012) p. 990.3 In this respect, soft law-texts are quite …” „… , a uniform regulation on invalidity does not exist inprivate international law.That circumstance is …”

Giuditta Cordero-Moss, Larry A. DiMatteo Chapter 28: Long-Term Contracts: Installment and Supply Contracts S. 949-978

„… reforming Australian Contract Law para 2.9 (April 2012).E. Sampling of LawsGiuditta Cordero-Moss and Larry A …” „… rendered.XII. Chinese Contract LawPurposeThis law is formulated to protect the lawful rights and interests of …” „… theUnidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts’ (2011) 17 Australian InternationalLaw Journal …”

Bruno Zeller Chapter 14: Conformity of Goods S. 379-404

„… transactions (B2C). SGAcase law also mixes commercial and consumer transactions.12 The CISG onlyapplies to …” „… contract law as backgroundlaw and as a competing set of rules’ (2004) Nordic Journal of Commercial Law …” „… & Schroeter (eds), Sharing In-ternational Commercial Law across National Borders: FS for Albert H. Kritzer …”

Sieg Eiselen Chapter 6: Jurisdiction S. 119-180

„… commercial matters is an issue determined by state law.29For purposes of this discussion reference will be …” „… business (domicile commercial principal).77In French law the domicile of a legal person is firstly …” „… important differences between the rules of common lawcountries and civil law countries on key aspects. In …”

Qiao Liu Chapter 18: Anticipatory Breach S. 499-528

„… LawsQiao Liu 51749505152IX. Chinese Contract LawA party may terminate the contract in one of the following …” „… may terminate the contract.III. Principles of European Contract LawAssurance of Performance(1) A …” „… delay.IV. Common European Sales LawRight to withhold performance1. A buyer who is to perform at the same …”

N. Orkun Akseli Chapter 25: Assignment, Delegation and Third-Party Rights S. 813-854

„… , the CISG, and the Future Convention on International Commer-cial Contracts’ (2013) 58 Villanova Law …” „… Commercial Code) but also there are inter-sections with the UCC § 2 (the sales law component) as well as the …” „… claimed or enforced byaction, and not by taking physical possession.’25 Sealy & Hooley, Commercial Law …”

Ulrich Magnus Chapter 17: Performance and Breach of Contract S. 467-498

„… of these cases see McKendrick, Goode on Commercial Law (4th edn, Pen-guin 2010) p. 372.150 See s 23(6 …” „… 60 Chinese Contract Law.B. Sampling of Laws and CommentaryUlrich Magnus 49383848586is impossible …” „… lawwhether an aggrieved party can claim performance. If the domestic law is reluc-tant towards specific …”

Michael Bridge Chapter 21: Risk of Loss S. 635-664

„… under the CISG is narrower than the central role that transfer ofrisk plays in commercial law and …” „… broad meaning that it pos-sesses in commercial law in general, where it underpins the entire structure …” „… ofcommercial law and commercial dealings. Taking a contractual example, a sellerand a buyer entering into a …”

Ulrich Magnus, Burghard Piltz Chapter 10: Trade Terms and INCOTERMS S. 267-284

„… Andersen/Schroeter (eds), Shar-ing International Commercial Law across National Boundaries, FS for Albert H. Kritzer …” „… Commercial Law across National Boundaries,Festschrift for Albert H. Kritzer on the Occasion of his Eightieth …” „… international trade law.C. Brief History of the IncotermsIt was in 1936 when the International Chamber of …”

Michael Bridge Chapter 19: Remedies and Damages S. 529-586

„… analyzed in depth.This chapter highlights the major issues in this important area of contract law.Some of …” „… Contract LawRight to Damages(1) The aggrieved party is entitled to damages for loss caused by the other …” „… . Common European Sales LawRight to damages1. A creditor is entitled to damages for loss caused by the …”

Harry M. Flechtner Chapter 20: Avoidance of Contract S. 587-634

„… international contract instruments, and US domestic sales law?D. Sampling of LawsI. CISGA breach of contract …” „… tender rule is enshrined in current US domestic sales law in § 2-601 of theUniform Commercial Code. This …” „… , English translationavailable at http://cisgw3.law.pace.edu/cases/990629a3.html.8 See CISG Articles 49(1)(a …”

Wentong Zheng Chapter 15: Sales and Intellectual Property Rights S. 405-428

„… best position to learn of.Common European Sales LawSee: CESL Article 102, Part I, ‘Sampling of Laws’The …” „… European Sales LawSee: CESL Article 102, Part I, ‘Sampling of Laws’.Article 102(3) provides that ‘[i]n …” „… relevant intellectual property laws. A separate issue un-der the law of sales, however, is whether the …”

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Liberalisierung, Internationalisierung und Renationalisierung in den Rechtsreformen der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit

Zhi Zhang

Series: Internationales und europäisches Privat- und Verfahrensrecht

Volume 12 2012

Results in this title

Die weltweiten Schiedsrechtsreformen seit 1985 S. 265-270

„… Matters 1995, LawNo. 11/1995Nein 38 Litauen* 02.04.1996 Law on Commercial Arbitration 1996,Law No. I …” „… internationalemSchiedsverfahren?Bemerkung1 Ägypten* 21.04.1994 22.05.1994 Law on Arbitration in Civil and Commercial Matters (Schiedsgesetz …” „… Nein 11 Bulgarien* 05.08.1988 Law on International Commercial Ar-bitration Ja jüngste Änderun-gen …”

Der weltweite Trend zur Harmonisierung und Vereinheitlichung der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit durch staatliche Kooperation S. 66-76

„… Practice of International Commercial Arbitration, Rn. 1-146 und 10-22.10 Redfern/Hunter, Law and Practice …” „… Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit, Rn. 57; Redfern/Hunter, Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration, Rn. 1-147.13 …” „… 1958, S. 8 f.18 Vgl. Redfern/Hunter, Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration, Rn …”

Die Liberalisierung in den Schiedsrechtsreformen S. 39-65

„… Commercial Arbitration and Conciliation in UNCITRAL Model LawJurisdictions, Rn. 4-037, 12-017; die jüngsten …” „… . 13 (36-38); Kirry, Arb. Int'l 12 (1996), 373 (382).103 Art. 3 des „Law on International Commercial …” „… Schiedsvereinbarungen beseitigt.117107 Art. 1 des „Law Concerning Arbitration in Civil and Commercial Matters“ gilt für …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 249-264

„… through Model Laws: The Example of the UNCI-TRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, in …” „… .: Implementation of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International CommercialArbitration into National Legislation, Croat …” „… M./Neuhaus, Joseph E.: A Guide to the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration: Legislative …”

Die umfassenden Schiedsrechtsreformen und die Übernahme des ModG S. 84-91

„… .), Celebrating success: 20 years UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration,S. 8 (9).140 Vgl …” „… Commercial Arbitration,S. 8 (14).147 Ebda.148 Siehe Redfern/Hunter, Law and Practice of International …” „… .), Understanding Transnational CommercialArbitration, S. 43 (48); Redfern/Hunter, Law and Practice of International …”

Von der Entnationalisierung zum Territorialitätsprinzip S. 99-104

„… nationalen Reformen, S. 95.4 Lew, Applicable Law in International Commercial Arbitration, para. 233.100Die …” „… Kontrolleentscheiden; vgl. Redfern/Hunter, Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration,Rn. 2-28.17 Zu …” „… , Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration, Rn. 2-28.21 Smit, Tul. L. Rev. 63 (1989 …”

Die Modifizierungen S. 107-113

„… , International Commercial Arbitration and Conciliation in UNCITRAL Model LawJurisdictions, Rn. 6-030; der …” „… , International Commercial Arbitration and Conciliation in UNCITRAL Model Law Jurisdictions, Rn. 3-015 und …” „… Commercial Arbitration and Conciliation in UNCITRAL Model Law Jurisdictions, Rn. 3-118 und 12-015; Ägypten …”

Die Auswirkung von Übereinkommen auf Spezialgebieten auf die Schiedsgesetzgebung S. 76-79

„… Regime of InternationalCommercial Arbitration, S. 145; Redfern/Hunter, Law and Practice of International …” „… OHADA Uniform Act on Arbitration von 1999Die Organisation for the harmonization of business law in …” „… Africa (OHADA), die von14 afrikanischen Staaten durch den Treaty on the Harmonisation of Business Law …”

Die Bedeutung der Rechtsnatur der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit S. 27-28

„… CommercialArbitration, S. 31-74; Sanders, International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law, Vol. XVI (CivilProcedure …” „… nationalen Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit, S. 48.6 Siehe Lew, Applicable Law in International Commercial Arbitration …” „… , para. 5-1 bis 5-33; Sanders, International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law,Vol. XVI (Civil Procedure …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 17-22

„… ReviewInt'l Bus. Law. International Business LawyerInt'l Law. The International LawyerIPBPR Internationaler …” „… Grundsätze des Zivilrechts der VR ChinaAm. J. Comp. L. American Journal of Comparative LawAm. Rev. Int'l Arb …” „… LawCIETAC China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission(Chinesische Internationale …”

Die Ergänzungen S. 113-119

„… , International Commercial Arbitration and Conciliation in UNCITRAL Model LawJurisdictions, Rn. 11-004.113 Sanders …” „… ), Litauen(Art. 39 Abs. 1 Law on Commercial Arbitration), Peru (Art. 128 General Arbitration Law), Spanien (Art …” „… f.137 Redfern/Hunter, Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration, Rn. 8-85.138 The …”

Die vier Theorien zur Rechtsnatur der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit S. 28-31

„… Law in International Commercial Arbitration, para. 64; dazu auch Samuel, Jurisdictional Problems in …” „… International Commercial Arbitration, para. 11; Redfern/Hunter, Law and Practice of International Commercial …” „… International Commercial Arbitration, S. 32; Lew/Mistelis/Kröll,Comparative International Commercial Arbitration …”

Die private Rechtsprechung auf Grundlage der Privatautonomie S. 31-37

„… International Commercial Arbitration, S. 72-75; Redfern/Hunter, Law and Practice of International Commercial …” „… siehe Naón, U. MiamiInter-Am. L. Rev. 22 (1991), 203.84 Vgl. Schmitthoff, Commercial Law in a Changing …” „… Problems in International Commercial Arbitration, S. 72.36 Ebda.37 Vgl. Lew/Mistelis/Kröll, Comparative …”

Vereinheitlichung des internationalen und nationalen Schiedsrechts S. 91-93

„… siehe § 577 öZPO(2006), Art. 1 kambodschanisches Commercial Arbitration Law (2006), Sec. 1 dänisches …” „… Son-IV.1.2.175 Binder, International Commercial Arbitration and Conciliation in UNCITRAL Model Law …” „… Globalization: Challenges to the Regime of International Commercial Arbitration, S. 258; Ulrichs/Akerman, Am …”

Die unterschiedlichen Umsetzungsformen des ModG S. 93-94

„… Son-IV.1.2.175 Binder, International Commercial Arbitration and Conciliation in UNCITRAL Model Law …” „… einigeCommon-Law-Staaten bzw. Gebietskörperschaften, wie Kanada, Australien, Singapur, Bermudas und Schottland …” „… Commercial Arbitration, S. 250.177 Binder, International Commercial Arbitration and Conciliation in UNCITRAL …”

Ursachen der veränderten Einstellung zur Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit S. 37-39

„… siehe Naón, U. MiamiInter-Am. L. Rev. 22 (1991), 203.84 Vgl. Schmitthoff, Commercial Law in a Changing …” „… Commercial Arbitration, S. 73.82 Schlosser, Entwicklungstendenzen in Recht und Praxis der internationalen …” „… International Trade Law, S. 649; zum Beispiel Frankreichs vgl. Mezger, RIW 1981, 511; zum Fall Lateinamerikas …”

Die Gründe für die Entwicklung der „internationalen Standards“ S. 79-81

„… (WTO), S. 96-100.95 Ausf. Diskussion bei David, International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law, Vol. II …” „… Unificationof Private Law, para. 14-33.96 Vgl. Lynch, The Forces of Economic Globalization: Challenges to the …” „… Regime of InternationalCommercial Arbitration, S. 39-49.79system zu wählen ist.97 Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit …”

Die Notwendigkeit der Renationalisierung S. 104-107

„… ägyptisches SchG z. B. lautet: „… the povisions of this Law shall apply to … when aninternational commercial …” „… , International Commercial Arbitration and Conciliationin UNCITRAL Model Law Jurisdictions, Rn. 1-027; der …” „… arbitration is conducted abroad and its parties agree to submit it tothe provisions of this Law“; vgl. Binder …”

Übersicht über das ModG und seine Prinzipien S. 81-84

„… die Modernisierung des staatlichen Schiedsrechtsdienen; siehe Redfern/Hunter, Law and Practice of …” „… International Commercial Arbitration,Rn. 1-151.106 Gottwald, Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit, S. 18.107 …” „… . A/CN.9/264, Art. 19, para. 1; Holtzmann/Neuhaus, A Guide to the UNCITRAL ModelLaw, S. 550.125 Vgl …”

Durchführung des schiedsrichterlichen Verfahrens S. 206-215

„… ); Binder, International Commercial Arbitration and Conciliation in UNCITRAL Model Law Jurisdictions, Rn …” „… LawJurisdictions, Rn. 5-094.158 Vgl. UN-Doc. A/CN.9/SR.323, para. 19 ff.; A/CN.9/264, Art. 23 para. 4 …” „… Handelsschiedsgerichtsbarkeit, S. 105.132 Vgl. Fouchard/Gaillard/Goldman, On International Commercial Arbitration, para. 1638 …”

Liberalisierung als der Ausgangspunkt von Internationalisierung und Renationalisierung S. 119-120

„… text of a model law on international commercial arbitration:report of the Secretary-General, siehe …” „… , InternationalCommercial Arbitration and Conciliation in UNCITRAL Model Law Jurisdictions, Rn. 1-007.119Mittlerweile kommen …”

Die Praxis der Anerkennung und Vollstreckung ausländischer Schiedssprüche S. 173-177

„… .).125 Wang, Int'l Bus. Law. 30 (2002), 133 (135).126 Laut einem Beamten des OVG wurden bei etwa 80 % der …” „… , schließlich zugunstender Anerkennung und Vollstreckung entschieden; siehe Wang, Int'l Bus. Law. 30 (2002 …” „… . Int'l Arb. 24 (2007), 635(647-649); Wan, Guide and Study on China’s Foreign-Related Commercial and …”

Vollstreckung ausländischer Schiedssprüche unter Beteiligung deutscher Parteien S. 177-178

„… ); Wan, Guide and Study on China’s Foreign-Related Commercial and Maritime TrialsBd. 2003 Nr. 3, S …” „… and Study onChina’s Foreign-Related Commercial and Maritime Trials Bd. 2003 Nr. 3, S. 98-107.141 Zur …” „… Konvention aus der Perspektive der Rechtsprechungspraxis in Festland-China, S. 366 f.142 Wang, Int'l Bus. Law …”

Schiedsspruch und Beendigung des Verfahrens S. 215-220

„… , Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit, Rn. 55 Rn. 6.172 Siehe Redfern/Hunter, Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration …” „… UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, S. 159.180 Siehe §§ 2 und 20 der Bestimmung zu …” „… Law findet, nichtgeregelt. Für die deutsche Übersetzung siehe …”

Die jüngste Entwicklung der UNCITRAL-ModG und ?SchO S. 94-98

„… Recht, S. 17 (19); Sanders, Arb. Int'l 11(1995), 1 (3).179 Binder, International Commercial Arbitration …” „… and Conciliation in UNCITRAL Model Law Jurisdictions, Rn. 1-013.180 Siehe UN-Doc. A/CN.9/460.181 Dies …” „… UNCITRAL On Arbitration and Conciliation, S. 138-145; Binder, International Commercial Arbitration and …”

Wechselwirkungen zwischen Internationalisierung und Renationalisierung S. 120-121

„… Commercial Arbitration, S. 306.148 Holtzmann/Neuhaus, A Guide to the UNCITRAL Model Law, S. 11.121 …”

Die Durchführung des Verfahrens und das Berichtssystem S. 170-173

„… Foreign-Related Commercial and Maritime Trials Bd. 2003 Nr. 3, S. 98-107. Umstritten ist der FallZueblin GmbH v …” „… 1996; siehe Wang, Int'l Bus. Law. 30 (2002), 133(136).170gung vom 25. Dezember 2001 (Fa Shi [2002] Nr …” „… , SchiedsVZ 2006, 258 (269 f.).125 Wang, Int'l Bus. Law. 30 (2002), 133 (135).126 Laut einem Beamten des OVG …”

Zuständigkeit des Schiedsgerichts S. 203-206

„… WBÜ, Art. 21 UNCITRAL-SchO an; vgl. Holtzmann/Neuhaus, A Guide to the UNCITRAL Model Law, S. 478 f.119 …” „… .); Zhao/Kloppenberg, Front. Law China 3 (2006),393 (414 f.); Zhao, He’nansheng Zhengfa Guanli Ganbu Xueyuan Xuebao 66 …” „… Handelsschiedsgerichtsbarkeit, S. 105.132 Vgl. Fouchard/Gaillard/Goldman, On International Commercial Arbitration, para. 1638 …”

Rechtsbehelf gegen den Schiedsspruch S. 220-223

„… Handelsschiedsgerichtsbarkeit, S. 185.196 Vgl. UN-Doc. A/40/17, para. 297; Binder, International Commercial Arbitration and …” „… Conciliation in UNCITRAL Model Law Jurisdictions, Rn. 7-023; Roth, in: Weigand (Hrsg.), Practitioner's Handbook …” „… common-law-Rechtskreis möglich.202Anerkennung und Vollstreckung von SchiedssprüchenInländische SchiedssprücheAnerkennung …”

Begriff des ausländischen Schiedsspruchs S. 169-170

Allgemeine Bestimmungen S. 182-189

„… (675).22 Holtzmann/Neuhaus, A Guide to the UNCITRAL Model Law, S. 40.23 Zu den nationalen Schiedsrechte …” „… Private International Law, S. 406.183auch Schiedssprüche mit Auslandsbezug gelöst werden. Die Abgrenzung …” „… . Holtzmann/Neuhaus, A Guide to the UNCITRAL Model Law, S. 36; Calavros, Das UN-CITRAL-Modellgesetz über die …”

Kombination von Schlichtung und Schiedsverfahren S. 230-233

„… (116 f.);Harpole, J. Int'l Arb. 24 (2007), 623 (628).23 Vgl. Redfern/Hunter, Law and Practice of …” „… International Commercial Arbitration, Rn. 1-82; Thirgood, J. Int'l Arb. 17 (2000), 89 (94).24 Vgl. Kniprath, Die …”

Schiedsvereinbarung S. 189-199

„… , Kap. 3 Rn. 1; UN-Doc. A/CN.9/264, Art. 7, para. 1;Redfern/Hunter, Law and Practice of International …” „… Commercial Arbitration, Rn. 1-08.57 Vgl. nur Zhou, J. Int'l Arb. 23 (2006), 145 (147); Zhao/Kloppenberg …” „… , Front. Law China 3 (2006),393 (407); Han, Current Issues of Private International Law, S. 404; Kniprath …”

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Principles of Contract Law und nationales Vertragsrecht

Olaf Meyer

Series: Europäisches Privatrecht

Volume 35 2007

Results in this title

Literaturverzeichnis S. 335-373

„… International Law (1984)) Baptista, Luiz Olavo: The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Law Project …” „… .: Basedow, AcP 200 (2000)) - Uniform law Conventions and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial …” „… Mercatoria Doctrine and the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, in: Law & Policy in …”

Ansatz bei der Rechtsquellenlehre S. 113-130

„… Review 63 (1994), 281 (283) „[...] in the nature of a restatement of the commercial contract law of the …” „… nach „general principles of commercial and international law“). 121 nales Recht zu ersetzen, nicht um …” „… . Daraus resultiert die persuasive authority anderer Common Law-Obergerichte. Indem die amerikanischen …”

Die Principles in Rechtsprechung und Wissenschaft S. 211-263

„… and article 18 Swiss Law of Obligations enshrine the same principle. Modern international commercial …” „… International Commercial Contracts” prepared by the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law …” „… commercial contract law of the world, refines and expands the principles contained in the United Nations …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 19-24

„… of Comparative Law AjP Aktuelle juristische Praxis All. E.R. All England Law Reports Anm …” „… . Anmerkung Annual Survey of Int‘l & Comp. Law Golden Gate University School of Law Annual Survey of …” „… International & Comparative Law AöR Archiv des öffentlichen Rechts Art./Artt. Artikel Aufl. Auflage …”

Die Rolle der Principles als Modellgesetz S. 149-155

„… : Bonell, A New Approach to International Commercial Contracts, 387 (393). 677 Gabriel, Tulane Law Review …” „… 1996, 247 (248). Vgl. auch Razumov in: ICC, The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial …” „… Gesetzgebungsgeschichte Münzel/Xiaoqing, RIW 1999, 641 ff. 671 Bonell, Tulane Law Review 69 (1995), 1121 (1141); Huang in …”

Die UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts S. 75-93

„… Anwendungsbereich fehlt es den UNIDROIT Principles als soft law-Instrument aber an der Möglichkeit, die eigene …” „… Recht ablehnend, da bei Schaffung des EVÜ 1980 noch gar keine soft law-Instrumente vorlagen, die für …” „… 75 II. Die UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts 1. Entstehungsgeschichte a …”

Bedeutung des Handelsbrauchs im Wirtschaftsverkehr S. 293-294

„… Inter-amerikanische Konvention gegangen, die in Art. 10 neben dem nationalen Recht auch stets „commercial usage and …” „… International Trade Law I, 109 (126); Dasser, Internationale Schiedsgerichte und lex mercatoria, 112 f.; vgl …” „… & Comp. Law 1995, 111 (124 f.). 1339 Art. 9 CISG; Art. 1:105 PECL; Art. 1.9 UNIDROIT Principles 2004 …”

Ansatz bei der anwendbaren nationalen Norm S. 130-139

„… (203); Bonell, Tulane Law Review 69 (1995), 1121 (1122); Hultmark in: Bonell, A New Approach to …” „… International Commercial Contracts, 301 (304). 573 Herrmann, (2001) B.L.I. Issue 3, 249 (251). 574 Bonell, ULR …” „… domestic law.“ 131 bilden diejenigen Regeln, nach denen die Auslegung der Rechtsnormen und die …”

ICC Nr. 10021 (2000) S. 312-313

„… Commercial Code1437 in determining the rights and duties arising from a relationship of obligations, account …” „… , unless these are contrary to the contents of the contract or to the law. There are no special usages in …” „… the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts) [...].“ Der Schiedsrichter stellte …”

Versuch einer Definition S. 294-301

„… : UNIDROIT, The UNIDROIT Principles: A Common Law of Contracts for the Americas?, 211 (216 …” „… ); Bianca/Bonell-Bonell, Commentary on the International Sales Law, Art. 9 Anm. 3.3; Böckstiegel, ICC – ICA Bull. 2002 …” „… (Suppl.), 51 (53); Fouchard/Gaillard/Goldman, International Commercial Arbitration, 845. 1343 Vgl …”

Die Einordnung und ihre Konsequenzen S. 318-327

„… größere 1470 Vgl. Hamilton in: UNIDROIT, The UNIDROIT Principles: A Common Law of Contracts for the …” „… of Transnational Law, 91 ff. 1472 Neben den unter II. und IV. referierten Schiedssprüchen vgl …” „… Commercial Contracts, 2 (4); Bortolotti, ULR 2000, 141 (151); Corapi, Europa e diritto privato 2002, 23 (30 …”

Erwiderung auf die Einwände gegen eine rechtsvergleichende Auslegung S. 207-211

„… helfen. 981 Berger in: Böckstiegel, Perspectives of Air Law, Space Law, and International Business Law …” „… UNIDROIT Principles: A Common Law of Contracts for the Americas?, 211 (215); Kessedjian, Rev. crit. dr …” „… ); Lando, Tulane J. of Int‘l & Comp. Law 1994, 129 (139); Mayer, Arbitration International 2001, 235 (237 …”

ICC Nr. 9593, Paris (Dezember 1998) S. 311-312

„… reflected under Article 5.3 of the Unidroit Principles of International Commercial Contracts [...].“ 1432 …” „… (Quelle: http://law.wustl.edu/Publications/WUGSLR/citationmanualdocs/Ivory%20Coast.pdf). Vgl. Fn. 1042 …” „… paragraph (1), section 264 of the Czech Commercial Code1437 in determining the rights and duties arising …”

Entscheidungen S. 271-277

„… Shirlaw v. Southern Foundries, [1939] 2 KB 206, hier zitiert nach Beale/Hartkamp/Kötz/Tallon, Contract Law …” „… Lectures, 79 (84 f.); Treitel, The Law of Contract, 201 ff., jeweils mit Nachweisen zum Case Law. 1254 Vgl …” „… Beale/Hartkamp/Kötz/Tallon, Contract Law, 587) und Schmidt-Kessel, ZVglRWiss 96 (1997), 101 (111). 1255 Auszüge …”

Entscheidungen S. 286-287

„… law without any evidence that commercial transactions have become unworkable or uncertain as a result …” „… genannten Kündigungsgründe fehlte. Dabei wandten die Richter die für ein Common Law-Land typische, eng am …” „… .“ 1316 Hartkamp in: ICC, The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New Lex …”

Die rechtsvergleichende Auslegung in der Praxis S. 205-207

„… , The Use of Comparative Law by Courts. 967 Vgl. die Nachweise bei Aubin, RabelsZ 34 (1970), 458; Dölle …” „… Comparative Law by Courts, 127 (134 f.); Rösler, JuS 1999, 1084 (1088); Schulze, ZfRV 1997, 183 (185). 968 …” „… International Commercial Contracts, 95 (121 f.); Vogenauer, Die Auslegung von Gesetzen in England und auf dem …”

Die Principles als möglicher objektiver Auslegungsstandard S. 279-286

„… law without any evidence that commercial transactions have become unworkable or uncertain as a result …” „… genannten Kündigungsgründe fehlte. Dabei wandten die Richter die für ein Common Law-Land typische, eng am …” „… ICC-Schiedsspruch Nr. 96511277 vollzogen wird, wegen der plain meaning rule1278 im Common Law nicht gleichermaßen …”

Der „Konflikt der Rechte“ S. 35-39

„… Common Law verschmolzen, Bülck, ZHR 131 (1968), 150 (159 f.); Kappus, RIW 1990, 788 (789). 42 So die …” „… of Private Law, 5-37 (18). 43 Schmitthoff, JZ 1978, 495 (497) spricht von dem Internationalen …” „… diesem Grunde nicht in die neuere Inter-American Convention on the Law Applicable to International …”

ICC Nr. 9753 (Mai 1999) S. 312

Legislatorische Vereinheitlichung des Privatrechts S. 39-47

„… Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration von 1985, derzeit Grundlage des Schiedsrechts in 51 …” „… international unification of private law“.68 62 Da Gama e Souza, (2002) 36 R.J.T., 375 (408); Hartkamp in: ICC …” „… , The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New Lex Mercatoria?, 253 (258). 63 …”

Alternativen zur legislatorischen Rechtsvereinheitlichung S. 47-64

„… , 137 (138 ff.). 181 Art. 28 Abs. 1 S. 1 UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration von …” „… Rechtssetzung – soft law Die Erfahrungen mit staatlich betriebener Rechtsvereinheitlichung haben gezeigt, dass …” „… Begriff „soft law“ zusammengefasst.121 2. Rechtsvereinheitlichung durch Rechtsprechung Die Rechtsprechung …”

ICC Nr. 10022, Wilna (Teilschiedsspruch, Oktober 2000) S. 313

„… principles represent the latest codification of international commercial trade usages. However, unless …” „… of European Contract Law.“ In der Entscheidung zur Hauptsache findet sich allerdings kein weiterer …” „… Rechtswahlklausel lautete: „This agreement is governed by Lithuanian law.“ 1442 Sh. oben Fn. 1031. 1443 …”

Das Verhältnis zum staatlichen Recht S. 302-303

„… Handelsbräuche zulässig ist.1390 Im Common Law bildet die implication by custom ein in der Praxis wichtiges …” „… . Bianca/Bonell-Bonell, Commentary on the International Sales Law, Art. 9 Anm. 1.3.1 …” „… (130). 1395 Schmitthoff in: Institute of International Business Law and Practice, Interpretation and …”

ICC Nr. 8873, Madrid (Juli 1997) S. 306-308

„… Commercial Arbitration (Geneva 1961): Applicable Law 1. The parties shall be free to determine, by …” „… ., Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 36 (2003), 1137 (1178 ff.). 1416 Die Rechtswahl- und …” „… Gerichtsstandsklausel lautete: „Arbitration and Choice of Law. This contract shall be entirely governed by Spanish Law …”

Parallelprobleme im Einheitsrecht und in der lex mercatoria S. 313-315

Ad hoc-Schiedsspruch, Rom (04.12.1996) S. 304-306

„… . VII European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration (Geneva 1961): Applicable Law 1. The …” „… .law.pace.edu/cases/ 895713i1.html (Anwendung des CISG als „prevailing trade usages“ auf einen vor Inkrafttreten der …” „… ; Schmitthoff in: Institute of International Business Law and Practice: Interpretation and Application of …”

Fragestellung S. 25-26

„… Vertragsrecht.1 Die Teilnehmer waren aufgefordert worden, die UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial …” „… Contracts (UNIDROIT Principles)2 und die Principles of European Contract Law (PECL)3 mit dem BGB zu …” „… Regelwerk selbst verwendet, vgl. Lando/Clive/Prüm/Zimmermann, Principles of European Contract Law. Part III …”

Bedürfnis für einen autonomen Auslegungsstandard S. 277-279

„… abgefasst werden, obwohl sie nicht einer Common Law-Jurisdiktion unterstehen. Bei rein nationalen Verträgen …” „… Commercial Contracts: A New Lex Mercatoria?, 253 (260). 1273 Mayer, ICC – ICA Bull. 2002 (Suppl.), 105 (115 …” „… ). 1274 Derains in: Berger, The Practice of Transnational Law, 43 (50); Gorriz Lopez, Contratto e …”

Feststellung der Handelsbräuche S. 303-304

„… .law.pace.edu/cases/ 895713i1.html (Anwendung des CISG als „prevailing trade usages“ auf einen vor Inkrafttreten der …” „… Schiedsrecht Raeschke-Kessler in: ICC, The UNIDROIT Principles for International Commercial Contracts: A New …” „… ; Schmitthoff in: Institute of International Business Law and Practice: Interpretation and Application of …”

Füllung der Vertragslücken durch die Principles S. 287-292

„… vor allem in den kontinentaleuropäisch geprägten Rechtsordnungen. Im Common Law sieht sich die …” „… hierfür zu verbinden. Eine implication in law scheidet wohl von vorneherein aus, denn die Principles sind …” „… Vries, Principles of European Contract Law, 7 (61 ff.), der besonders das Fehlen von Schutzpflichten …”

ICC Nr. 9333, Genf (Oktober 1998) S. 310-311

„… International Commercial Contracts [...].“ 1432 Berger, AJCL 46 (1998), 129 (135 f.). 1433 Auszüge …” „… : http://law.wustl.edu/Publications/WUGSLR/citationmanualdocs/Ivory%20Coast.pdf). Vgl. Fn. 1042 für den Text der französischen Vorschriften. …”

Das Restatement als Instrument der internationalen Rechtsvereinheitlichung S. 69-75

„… Unification of Private Law, 5-180 (70 f.). 75 II. Die UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial …” „… Rechtsgebiete a) Einschränkungen aus der Natur als soft law Bereits auf innerstaatlicher Ebene haben sich die …” „… Journal of European Law 3 (1997/98), 339 (341); Bussani, Hastings Int‘l & Comp. L. Rev. 21 (1998), 785 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-18

„… . Anton K. SchnyderBand 35Olaf MeyerPrinciples of Contract Law und nationales VertragsrechtChancen und …” „… legislatorischen Rechtsvereinheitlichung 47 1. Privatisierung der Rechtssetzung – soft law 47 2 …” „… Law 65 A. „Restating the Law“ 65 I. Begriff des Restatements 65 II. Die amerikanischen Restatements of …”

Die Principles of European Contract Law S. 93-102

„… wirtschaftlichen Systemen.399 III. Die Principles of European Contract Law Das zweite internationale Restatement …” „… Principles of European Contract Law sind nahezu parallel mit den UNIDROIT Principles erarbeitet worden und …” „… Commercial Contracts, 387 (393). 395 Huang, ULR 2003, 107 ff.; Lefebvre/Jie, (2002) 36 R. J. T., 519 ff …”

Rechtliche Grundlagen S. 197-205

„… , NJW 1981, 2601 (2604). 922 Drobnig in: ders./van Erp, The Use of Comparative Law by Courts, 127 (129 …” „… Erp, The Use of Comparative Law by Courts, 127 (129 ff.). 926 Es wurde sogar versucht, das gesamte …” „… ) (Ginsengwurzel) unter Verweis auf Art. 49 Abs. 1 OR. 952 Drobnig in: ders./van Erp, The Use of Comparative Law …”

Die Principles und die deutsche Schuldrechtsmodernisierung S. 155-192

„… allem mit den Principles of European Contract Law zu vergleichen. Eine solche Überprüfung hat bisher …” „… Worten zusammen: „Die UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts von 1994 und vor allem …” „… die Principles of European Contract Law von 1995 und 2000 sind eindeutig. Die für das BGB grundlegende …”

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Haftungsrecht im dritten Millennium - Liability in the Third Millennium

Aurelia Colombi Ciacchi (ed.), Christine Godt (ed.), Peter Rott (ed.), Lesley Jane Smith (ed.)

Series: Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen (ZERP)

Volume 52 2009

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Lesley Jane Smith Grounding Space: Liability for commercial space operations S. 607-626

„… Introduction to Space Law, 3rd ed., The Hague, 2008, 1-13. Grounding Space: Liability for commercial space …” „… , Commercial Space Launches and Facilities, Space law, IAC-05-E6.1.11; Y. Zhao, Developing a Legal regime for …” „… (2005), 227-229; Russia too promotes commercial launches and passed its space law on 20th August 1993 …”

Zhu Yan The Legislative Background of Chinese Tort Law and Its Key Issues S. 111-128

„… . The Protection of Property Rights by Tort Law 118 3. Pure Economic Loss 119 4. Commercial Torts 119 …” „… University of China, Law School; Dr. jur (Bremen, Germany); Master of Civil Law and Commercial Law (Renmin …” „… they can refer when making judgements discretionally. 4. Commercial Torts As the modern economic law …”

Vernon Valentine Palmer Immaterial Damages, the Protection of Personality Interests and the Relevance of Contract Law S. 215-224

„… 215 Immaterial Damages, the Protection of Personality Interests and the Relevance of Contract Law …” „… Vernon Valentine Palmer* A. Intoduction 215 I. Personality Interests and the Law of Delict 215 II. The …” „… Glance 219 I. South Africa 219 II. France 220 III. United Kingdom (English and Scots law) 222 C …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-26

„… for commercial space operations Lesley Jane Smith 607 VII. Prozessrecht Procedural Law Immer noch …” „… Judicial Convergence of Laws and Minds in European Tort Law and Related Matters Walter van Gerven 29 …” „… , Versicherungsrecht, law and economics. Maßgebenden akademischen Einfluss, so jedenfalls aus der Sicht seiner …”

Patrick O’Callaghan Remedies in Tort Law: Coherence in a Muddle? S. 131-146

„… of Remedies 136 1. ‘Remedy’ as an action, cause of action, or the law’s configuration of the …” „… cause of action or as Birks has stated ‘the law’s configuration of the actionability of a claimant’s …” „… in civil law systems mean that civilian lawyers logically treat rights as the source of remedies (ubi …”

Nuno Ferreira Fundamental Rights, Constitutional Principles, and the Law of Torts: Tortfeasors v. Tort Victims S. 49-84

„… the private lawyer to reconsider all traditional private law institutions: an automatic and …” „… law norms. Lawfully limiting the effects of a contract on the grounds of protection of private …” „… 49 Fundamental Rights, Constitutional Principles, and the Law of Torts: Tortfeasors v. Tort …”

Giorgio Resta ‘Guilty Until Proven Innocent’: Trial by Media and European Law S. 243-284

„… the sub judice rule are always allowed or tolerated in civil-law jurisdictions. Laws concerning …” „… 243 ‘Guilty Until Proven Innocent’: Trial by Media and European Law Giorgio Resta* A …” „… trials 246 III. Personality 247 C. Trial by media and European-continental law 252 I. Contempt by …”

Mauro Bussani, Marta Infantino Fault, Causation and Damage in the Law of Negligence. A Comparative Appraisal S. 145-156

„… 145 Fault, Causation and Damage in the Law of Negligence. A Comparative Appraisal Mauro Bussani …” „… Law, University of Trieste (Italy); Regular Visiting Professor at the University of Macao Law School …” „… (S.A.R. of the P.R. of China). ** PhD in Comparative Law. Sections A, B and H are co-authored. Mauro …”

Giovanni Comandé Patients’ Medical Tourism and Electronic Health Records: Mobility between Sector Regulations and Systemic Interactions S. 331-344

„… freedom of movement and health tourism 332 C. E-health, the market(s) and the law: casting e-health …” „… * Prof. Dr. LL.M. Esq., Full Professor Private Law, Scuola Superiore Sant’ Anna, Pisa, Italy, Director …” „… regulate e-health, will have a significant impact on general private law rules and Member States …”

Walter van Gerven Judicial Convergence of Laws and Minds in European Tort Law and Related Matters S. 29-50

„… Constitutional Perspective(s) on Liability 29 Judicial Convergence of Laws and Minds in European Tort Law and …” „… the past, retreated from earlier case law at a time when laws in other countries were converging on …” „… Handelsgesellschaft, [1970] ECR 1125. Judicial Convergence of Laws and Minds in European Tort Law and Related Matters …”

Gunther Teubner Kannibalisierung des Wissens: Schutz kultureller Diversität durch transnationales Recht? S. 553-576

„… Privatization of Corporate Law? Corporate Governance Codes and Commercial Self-Regulation, Juridicum 3 (2002 …” „… International Law Commission (ILC) eingerichteten Arbeitsgruppe unter der Leitung von Martti Koskenniemi ihren …” „… International Law: Difficulties Arising from the Diversification and Expansion of International Law: Report of …”

Thomas Giegerich Another Incoming Tide? Tort Liability in Public International Law S. 577-606

„… / law/ilc/index.htm>). A German translation is available in Sartorius II: Internationale Verträge – Europarecht, No. 6 …” „… circumstances have such claims according to the laws of the respective foreign State. In 1944, Greek law did not …” „… part of federal law. They shall override laws and directly establish rights and obligations for the …”

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Obligationenrecht im 21. Jahrhundert

Uwe Blaurock (ed.), Günter Hager (ed.)

Series: Schriften der Ernst von Caemmerer Stiftung

Volume 7 2010

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Clayton Gillette Can Transactions Costs Reconcile The Differences Between the UCC and the CISG? S. 89-98

„… . Gillette I. The Role of Default Rules in Commercial Law Notwithstanding substantial similarities between …” „… the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), the primary statutory basis for regulating commercial law in the …” „… perspective on commercial law, these differences initially present a puzzle. In this article, I seek to …”

Hugh Beale Remedies for breach of contract in the light of the recent changes to German law, English law and the DCFR S. 115-146

„… under the BGB. German law for commercial contracts is stricter because any set date for performance is …” „… remembered that in commercial contracts German law treats any date set for performance as a Fixgeschäft …” „… performance. This is that in a commercial contract, German law treats the date set for performance as a …”

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Große internationale Wirtschaftsstreitigkeiten und staatliche Gerichte im 21. Jahrhundert

Adriaan den Hertog

Series: Streitbeilegung und Streitvermeidung im Zivilrecht - Schriftenreihe des Munich Center for Dispute Resolution

Volume 8 2021

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 221-245

„… Commercial Disputes, ABA Business Law Section 2008, Vol. 17, aufrufbar unter …” „… . Cwmgiedd,Thomas, of, Commercial Justice in the Global Village: The role of commercial courts, DIFC Academy of Law …” „… . Hoffmann, Hermann, Von „Law – Made in Germany” zu „Commercial Litigation in Germany”. Impulse für eine …”

Ein Blick über die Grenze: spezielle Gerichtshöfe im Ausland S. 103-138

„… law or otherwise, shall apply instead. (2) An application 112 B. Singapore International Commercial …” „… een Netherlands Commercial Court, S. 203-206, siehe auch Art. 5 Law nr. 5 of 2004: The Jurisdiction of …” „… Auswahl von Commercial Courts skizziert und analysiert. Wie bereits erwähnt, haben sich verschiedene …”

Einleitung S. 13-20

„… Anlass genommen, um spezielle Gerichtshöfe, sog. Commercial Courts, zu errichten.6 Diese Commercial …” „… . Institutionell können Commercial Courts als eine besondere Kammer innerhalb eines staatlichen Gerichts oder als …” „… Commercial Courts geschaffen, etwa in Großbritannien, in Irland und in den Niederlanden. Derzeit werden in …”

Vorschläge für das Prozessmodell des CCGER S. 203-210

„… familiar with large commercial cases, common law, trade law, best practices of international arbitration …” „… , or have other relevant experience in respect of international commercial cases. (3) The German Law …” „… Commercial Courts errichtet und auch entsprechende Verfahrensregeln publiziert. Weil sich der CCGER nach …”

Einige Begriffe und Abgrenzungen S. 45-64

„… Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit aufgenommen. Diese orientieren sind am United Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration …” „… Präjudizienrechts.146 II. Commercial Court Mit dem Begriff Commercial Court ist in dieser Arbeit ein spezielles …” „… staatliches Gericht gemeint. Der jeweilige Staat hat diesen speziellen Commercial Court errichtet, um Parteien …”

Rückgang der Eingangszahlen an den Zivilgerichten S. 21-44

„… Commercial Court (England and Wales) im Zeitraum zwischen März 2017 und April 2018. 96 DIHK/BRAK/DAV, Law …” „… der Rangliste des Rule of Law Index41, mit der die Rechtsstaatlichkeit einzelner Staaten dokumentiert …” „… werden soll, nimmt Deutschland Platz 6 im Ranking Rule of Law around the World ein.42 Mit dem …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 215-220

„… Bundesverfassungsgerichts BW Nederlands Burgerlijk Wetboek bzw. beziehungsweise C case CCGER Commercial Court Germany Contr …” „… Richterzeitung Drs. Drucksache DVBl Deutsches Verwaltungsblatt ECLI European Case Law Identifier ed editor EG …” „… International Arbitration LCC London Commercial Court LG Landgericht LTO Legal Tribune Online m. w. N. mit …”

Gestaltungsmodell für den Commercial Court Germany S. 139-202

„… Kapitel 6: Gestaltungsmodell für den Commercial Court Germany A. Einleitung – Leitbild für den …” „… CCGER In diesem Kapitel erörtert der Verfasser, wie der Commercial Court Germany (CCGER) errichtet …” „… bestehenden Commercial Courts in anderen Ländern und die Vorschläge innerhalb des Schrifttums zurückgegriffen …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… den Hertog Plädoyer für einen Commercial Court Germany Streitbeilegung und Streitvermeidung im …” „… . Jahrhundert Plädoyer für einen Commercial Court Germany BUT_Hertog_8228-4.indd 3 14.06.21 08:29 1. Auflage …” „… vergangenen Jahre 30 III. Die Reform Law – Made in Germany 33 IV. Ergebnis 39 Kapitel 3: Einige Begriffe und …”

Vor- und Nachteile der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit und des staatlichen Rechtsganges S. 65-102

„… behandelt. Im vorigen Kapitel ist bereits darauf hingewiesen worden, dass für einen erfolgreichen Commercial …” „… funktionierenden Commercial Court darstellen. Auf diese Weise werden die Legitimation des Commercial Court und die …” „… . 30; Raeschke-Kessler, AnwBl 2015, 822 (824); Calliess/Hoffmann, German Law Journal 2009, 115 (115 …”

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Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit in Hongkong und Deutschland – Vorbildfunktion des asiatischen Erfolgsmodells für die deutsche Reform?

Leane Meyer

Series: Streitbeilegung und Streitvermeidung im Zivilrecht - Schriftenreihe des Munich Center for Dispute Resolution

Volume 5 2020

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 411-441

„… Model Law Jurisdictions, 4. Auflage, Den Haag 2019 (zit. Binder, International Commercial Arbitration …” „… . Laurence: Some Trends and Developments in the Law and Practice of International Commercial Arbitration, in …” „… Commercial Law: Synergy, Convergence and Evolution – Liber Amicorum Eric Bergstein, Alphen 2011, S. 85–95 …”

2. Kapitel – Die Schiedsvereinbarung S. 87-101

„… Holtzmann/Neuhaus/Kristjánsdóttir/Walsh, Model Law 2006, Art. 7 Rn. 33f. 463 Balthasar-International Commercial Arbitration/Lo, § 11 Rn …” „… Balthasar-International Commercial Arbitration/Lo, § 11 Rn. 21; Halsbury’s Laws of HK/Lui, S. 363 (368 Rn. 25.003). § 3 …” „… Commercial Arbitration/ Lo, § 11 Rn. 17; Choong/Weeramantry, HK Arbitration Ordinance, Sec. 34 Rn. 34.07 …”

1. Kapitel – Einführung S. 29-86

„… / Kreindler/Rieder, S. 1 (8 Rn. 1.27); allgemein zu diesen Befugnissen im Civil Law Frommel-Commercial Arbitration …” „… Arbitration/Kreindler/Rieder, S. 1 (8 Rn. 1.28); allgemein zum Civil Law Frommel-Commercial Arbitration Cultures/Borris, S. 1 …” „… Kreindler/Wolff/Rieder-GER Commercial Arbitration/ Kreindler/Rieder, S. 1 (5 Rn. 1.17); zum Civil Law allgemein …”

6. Kapitel – Der Schiedsspruch S. 310-388

„… Arbitration/Schmalz, § 1051 Rn. 20; Kreindler/Wolff/Rieder- GER Commercial Arbitration/Wolff, S. 279 (293 Rn. 6.47 …” „… Products v Unus Shipping Company [1939] A.C. 277 (290); Balthasar-International Commercial Arbitration/Lo …” „… Kreindler/Wolff/Rieder-GER Commercial Arbitration/Kreindler/Rieder, S. 29 (87 Rn. 2.185); Musielak/Voit-ZPO/Voit, § 1051 Rn …”

3. Kapitel – Das Schiedsgericht S. 102-163

„… Arbitration/Nacimiento/Abt/Stein, § 1035 Rn. 10; Kreindler/ Wolff/Rieder-GER Commercial Arbitration/Kreindler/Rieder, S. 99 (119 Rn …” „… natürliche, voll geschäftsfähige Person handeln Kreindler/Wolff/Rieder-GER Commercial …” „… / Kröll/Nacimiento, S. 4 (31 Rn. 85). 509 BGHZ 15, 12 (15); Kreindler/Wolff/Rieder-GER Commercial Arbitration …”

5. Kapitel – Das Schiedsverfahren S. 207-309

„… , HK Arbitration Ordinance, Sec. 47 Rn. 47.10. 1107 Balthasar-International Commercial Arbitration/Lo …” „… Kreindler/Wolff/Rieder-GER Commercial Arbitration/Kreindler/Rieder, S. 1 (11 Rn. 1.41); MüKo-ZPO/Münch, § 1036 Rn. 1f …” „… .; Musielak/Voit-ZPO/Voit, § 1036 Rn. 1; Zöller-ZPO/Geimer, §1036 Rn. 1. 1117 Kreindler/Wolff/Rieder-GER Commercial …”

4. Kapitel – Der beschleunigte Rechtsschutz S. 164-206

„… Rechtsschutz ex parte gewährt wird.852 Für den Common Law Kontext von Hongkong typische Maßnahmen beinhalten …” „… .); Zöller-ZPO/Geimer, § 1033 Rn. 9; aA Kreindler/Wolff/Rieder-GER Commercial Arbitration/Wolff, S. 243 (246 Rn. 5.10 …” „… ). 863 Balthasar-International Commercial Arbitration/Balthasar, § 10 Rn. 71. Auch ausländische anti-suit …”

7. Kapitel – Schlussbetrachtung S. 389-410

„… orientiert hat (Vgl. Caron/ Caplan, UNCITRAL Arbitration, S. 6; Holtzmann/Neuhaus-Model Law 1985 …” „… Anwahl von Deutschland als Schiedsort einhergeht speziell in Bezug auf discovery Weigand-Commercial …” „… Gegenteil hat das Schiedsverfah- 2234 Vgl. dazu auch Bewertungen i.a. “German arbitration law is in line …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-28

„… Law Reform Commission of Hong Kong, Report on Commercial Arbitration 1981 HK Commission Report 1987 …” „… Untersuchung§ 1 29 Übergeordnete Rechtsordnungen§ 2 35 Hongkong als Common Law Rechtsordnung im chinesischen …” „… Festlandchinesische Rechtsquellen1. 36 Hongkonger Rechtsquellen2. 36 Allgemeine Charakteristika als Common Law …”

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The Limits of Liability

Angela Raphael

Series: Studien zum Handels-, Arbeits- und Wirtschaftsrecht

Volume 139 2011

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 333-345

„… Commercial Code and Common Law, 42 South Carolina Law Review, S. 379-416 (1991). Corbin, Arthur L.: Contracts …” „… Force Majeure Clauses in Situations of Commercial Impracticability, 15 Journal of Law and Commerce …” „… Commercial Litigation and Arbitration, New York, 2004. Feinman, Jay M.: Law 101, 2. Aufl., New York, NY 2006 …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 19-20

„… Cal.Com.Code California Commercial Code Cir. Circuit C.J.S. Corpus Juris Secundum CLOUT Case Law on …” „… angegebenen Ort aff’d affirmed ALI American Law Institute A.L.R. American Law Reports Annotated App …” „… rev’d reversed Rest. 2d Agency Restatement (Second) of the Law of Agency (1958) Rest. 3d Agency …”

Arten deliktischer Haftung S. 69-84

„… -änderung ist jedoch nach common law nur bindend, wenn noch keine Vertragspflichten erfüllt wurden …” „… . Deliktische Haftung Im amerikanischen Recht spricht man vom law of torts, das, wie der Plural schon ausdrückt …” „… liability). Der Begriff der Deliktshaftung umfasst auch Produzenten- und Produkthaftung. Das law of torts …”

Einleitung S. 21-28

„… law, hat sich aber in jedem Staat gesondert entwickelt. Gleichwohl sieht der außenstehende Betrachter …” „… Hilfe des Uniform Commercial Code (U.C.C.) und den Restatements, einer Zusammenfassung geltender …” „… Uniform Commercial Code der USA8. Unter den sieben Optionen sind unter anderem die vollständige …”

Zivilrechtliche Haftung in den USA S. 29-36

„… tragen vor allem der Uniform Commercial Code (U.C.C.), das American Law Institute (ALI) mit seinen …” „… particular provisions of [the Uniform Commercial Code], the principles of law and equity, including the law …” „… von der National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL) und dem American Law …”

Allgemeine Grenzen vertraglicher Haftungsbeschränkungen nach dem U.C.C. S. 103-106

„… verbinde“425. Nach common law-Verständnis ist ein Vertrag ohne consideration nicht durchsetzbar426. Wurde …” „… ’ […] means honesty in fact and the observance of reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing”. Treu und …” „… law ist die sog. consideration-Doktrin. Demnach ist ein Vertrag nur bindend, wenn die in Angebot und …”

Beschränkung der vertraglichen Haftung S. 112-228

„… , 2001 WL 410658 *5 (April 23, 2001): “Such clauses in purely commercial transactions are prima facie …” „… the court as a matter of law finds the contract or any clause of the contract to have been …” „… nach Billigkeit urteilenden equity courts zurück487. Diese erklärten schon unter dem frühen common law …”

Grenzen der Vertragsfreiheit S. 36-44

„… desirable. When such a situation arises, the measure of damages under contract law-the expectancy …” „… get astride it you never know where it will carry you. It may lead you from the sound law. It is never …” „… : “Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) or elsewhere in [the Uniform Commercial Code], the effect …”

Inhalt und Umfang deliktischer Haftung S. 84-94

„… product value. […] Contract law, and the law of warranty in particular, is well suited to commercial …” „… commercial parties und non-bargaining commercial parties von Mann/Roberts, 79 Neb. L.Rev. 215, 248 (2000 …” „… ): Der Käufer ist dann non-bargaining commercial party, wenn er eine von zwei Faktoren beweisen kann: “(1 …”

Stellungnahme und Ausblick S. 330-332

„… Vertragszweck grob unredlich wäre, d. h. grossly unfair. Die Principles of European Contract Law und der DCFR …” „… schutzbedürftiger 1758 Grundregeln der internationalen Handelsverträge (Principles of International Commercial …” „… Europäische Vertragsrechtsprinzipien (Principles of European Contract Law). 1761 Vgl. Art. 1.7 PICC und Art …”

System der Verkäuferhaftung nach dem U.C.C. S. 47-58

„… Symbiose mit dem common law, das es sowohl voraussetzt als auch ergänzt bzw. modifiziert95. Gesetzliche …” „… die Beachtung von reasonable commercial standards of fair dealing98. Der Verkäufer schuldet dem …” „… einst im common law geltenden Prinzip des caveat emptor, nachdem der Käufer sich vorsehen musste und …”

Umfang des Schadensersatzes S. 58-66

„… “[…] remedies provided [by the Uniform Commercial Code] must be liberally administered to the end that the …” „… der consequential damages unter dem Uniform Commercial Code ist weit als Ersatz der Folgeschäden zu …” „… Leistungspflicht? I. Voraussetzungen der Impracticability Das moderne common law verwendet nicht mehr den Begriff …”

Beschränkung der deliktischen Haftung S. 228-270

„… Dritte Die common law-Doktrin der vicarious liability begründet eine verschuldensunabhängige …” „… richtet sich vor allem nach dem common law des jeweiligen Bundesstaates1149. Die Beweislast trägt die …” „… Grundsatz im common law etabliert1154. 1148 Sog. “Hand formula” zur Bestimmung von negligence, s. Owen …”

Auslegung von Haftungsbeschränkungsklauseln S. 106-112

„… den commercial standards of fair dealing in the trade steht. Dazu muss die Partei zeigen, dass sie von …” „… ): “The parol evidence rule is not a rule of evidence but is instead a rule of substantive law […] [that …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845228181

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