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Die dezentrale Durchsetzung des WTO-Rechts in der Europäischen Union

Christian Heidfeld

Series: Schriftenreihe Europäisches Recht, Politik und Wirtschaft

Volume 365 2012

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Der Trade Policy Review Mechanism S. 328

Literaturverzeichnis S. 355-366

„… Reflections on the GATT TPRM, in the Light of the Trade PolicyReview of the European Communities, JWT 26 (1992 …” „… , Beiheft 1Hauser, Heinz, Foreign Trade Policy and the Function of Rules for Trade Policy Making,in …” „… Hans-Joachim/Berrisch, Georg M. (Hrsg.), WTO-Handbuch, München 2003 Qureshi, Asif H., The New GATT Trade Policy Review …”

Funktionen der zentralen und dezentralen Durchsetzung S. 328-331

„… eingesetzt werden.1260Der Trade Policy Review MechanismDer Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM) führt eine …” „… .), WTO-Handbuch, S. 666 und 673. A.A. A. H. Qureshi, The New GATT Trade Policy ReviewMechanism: An Exercise in …” „… World Trade Organization: Do Municipal Laws Promoting Private PartyIdentification of Trade Disputes …”

Das WTO-Streitbeilegungsverfahren S. 325-328

„… Zugeständnissen kann wiederum ein Panel eingesetzt werden.1260Der Trade Policy Review MechanismDer Trade Policy …” „… : Prieß/Berrisch (Hrsg.), WTO-Handbuch, S. 666 und 673. A.A. A. H. Qureshi, The New GATT Trade Policy …” „… , Fragmentation,and Decentralization of Dispute Settlement in International Trade, 27 U. Pa. J. Int’lEcon. L. (2006 …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 27-30

„… on Technical Barriers to TradeTPRM Trade Policy Review MechanismTRIPS Agreement on Trade …” „… (Zeitschrift)EFG Entscheidungen der Finanzgerichte (Zeitschrift)EFTA European Free Trade AssociationEG Europäische …” „… International Law JournalFS FestschriftGATS General Agreement on Trade in ServicesGATT General Agreement on …”

Unmittelbare Anwendung des WTO-Rechts bei der Überprüfung der Rechtmäßigkeit von Unionshandlungen S. 137-150

„… auch H.Hauser, Foreign Trade Policy and the Function of Rules for Trade Policy Making …” „… . 2001, II-913; EuG, Rs. 30/99, Bocchi Food TradeInternational GmbH, Slg. 2001, II-943.138nenen …” „… , The Role of National Courts in International Trade Relations, Michigan Journalof International Law 18 …”

Die Eignung des WTO-Rechts zur internen Anwendbarkeit S. 57-69

„… ; Art. 63TRIPS; auch der im TPRM geregelte Trade Policy Review Mechanism ist Ausdruckdes im WTO-Recht …” „… entnehmen (b)), wie jüngst derPanelbericht im Verfahren um die Sections 301 – 310 US Trade Act 1974 …” „… oder der Section 301 US Trade Act, initiiert worden sind, wasoftmals schon den inoffiziellen …”

Mittelbare Anwendung des WTO-Rechts bei der Überprüfung von Unionshandlungen im Rahmen der Fediol-Rechtsprechung S. 245-258

„… ausführlich V.Steenbergen, The New Commercial Policy Instrument, CMLR 1985, S. 421 ff. Einekurze …” „… Zusammenfassung der dort behandelten Fälle findet sich bei M. Rydelski/G. Zonnekeyn, The EC Trade Barrier …” „… .) sowie M. Bronckers, EnforcingWTO Law though the EC Trade Barriers Regulation, 3 Int. TRL 1997, S. 76 (77 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-26

„… WTO-Streitbeilegungsverfahren ...................................I. 325Der Trade Policy Review Mechanism …” „… WTO-Streitbeilegungsverfahren ...................................I. 325Der Trade Policy Review Mechanism …”

Mittelbare Anwendung des WTO-Rechts bei der Überprüfung von Unionshandlungen im Rahmen der Nakajima-Rechtsprechung S. 185-245

„… Distribution of Bananas – Recourse to Article 21.5 by Ecuador,WT/DS27/RW/ECU.700 Vgl. Geneva Agreement on Trade …” „… . Allerdings können dieser von den Unionsgerichten nunmehr4.758 Vgl. P. Didier, WTO Trade Instruments in EU Law …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845235844

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Europe for us

Christian D. Falkowski

Series: Denkart Europa | Mindset Europe

Volume 16 2011

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Union trade policy S. 71-77

„… policyA strong Europe through joint actionTrade is Europe's key contact with the world beyond its borders …” „… unilateral tradepolicy. All three levels are directly related.Multilateral trade policyThe international …” „… trade partner.Bilateral/regional trade policyIn addition to the multilateral agreement, the EU has …”

The Global Europe S. 103-125

„… policy become the focus of common European policy.In practical EU politics, a kind of avant-garde group …” „… PolicyThe European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), which developed parallel tothe last enlargement of the Union …” „… Policy forms the framework for the Union's policytowards its eastern and southern neighbours. Its concept …”

Aspects of global powers S. 141-167

„… economic policy and trade issues.In order to secure competitiveness in the global market, particularly …” „… views on environmental and climate policy.JapanWhile India and its elites speculate intensively on its …” „… thirds of the world's population, generate approximately 90% of global GDP and finance 80% of world trade …”

The Common Europe S. 62-71

„… Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders (Frontex).Union trade policyA strong Europe …” „… world.The 27 member states of the Union have a common agricultural policy,a common single market, a common …” „… ; it stimulates competition and trade and improves efficiency.The increased range of goods and services …”

On the way to integration: Europe between individual interests and community S. 27-39

„… services. The intention to run trade,agricultural, transport and competition policy as Community policy …” „… defining factor in the future of European politics.The change in US policy from opposing European …” „… aggressive American foreign policy, it simultaneously promised the USA's strong commitment to Western Europe …”

Institutional balance S. 202-208

„… policy and trade.This stability on a European level could boost the sovereign attitude ofcountries, as …” „… European trade policy made a presence in the country necessary, especially as the European Community had …” „… been represented in India for reasonsof trade policy for several years.As well as the protocol and …”

The Common Agricultural Policy - success through change S. 77-80

„… international comparison.The Common Agricultural Policy - success through changeAlongside foreign trade …” „… economic diversity.European Union regional policyLike agricultural policy, regional policy is one of the …” „… , with the danger that these counter-reactions could provoke trade partners and further distort …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… 2.3.2 72International frameworks and European trade policy2.3.3 74The Common Agricultural Policy …” „… not exist at all. From thebeginning, advocates of European integration did not see their policy as …” „… , theoften-criticised agricultural and energy policy and the Economic and Monetary Union.Every step along the path to a …”

Demographic development and migration S. 82-87

„… required a solid American economic,monetary and trade policy.However, the US trade balance and the balance …” „… area thanin other fields of policy.In the case of migrant workers, tension remains due to the fear of …” „… regularimmigration, but without a corresponding policy, behaves like one withirregular immigration. Classic countries …”

The European Economic and Monetary Union S. 87-97

„… required a solid American economic,monetary and trade policy.However, the US trade balance and the balance …” „… foreign trade between each other, closer integration based on monetary policy had become inevitable.In …” „… economic policy,which are valid EU-wide, within the Euro Group, the Union's institutionsare compiling the …”

The European Union- a common space for liberty and democracy S. 175-179

„… , regional relationships and variousnetworks of strategic partnerships as well as trade and cooperation …” „… rounded off to createthe Europe of today. This policy of successful enlargement and integrationmust remain …” „… Union's existing policy of offering potentialcandidates far-reaching agreements before the assumption of …”

European energy policy S. 97-103

„… , measureswhich are partly in the Greek II package of July 2011.European energy policyEurope evolved from energy …” „… energy policy.Europe's current regulations and political measures demonstrate considerable structural …” „… policy: when six European states (Italy, Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg …”

Joint political decision-making S. 211-215

„… concepts in future.This would be a reaction to the fact that there is such thing as Europeaninternal policy …” „… municipalities, regions, government authorities and EU organs as well as between trade unions and trade …” „… Euro, the common single market, the Common Agricultural Policy and Schengen. However, plenty still …”

Think globally - act European S. 195-198

„… even ifforeign (and in Germany also development) policy primarily only serves topursue national trade …” „… changingworld order.Within this concept, Union policy in the areas of diplomacy, the military,trade and …” „… , buteconomic policy is still largely national policy. The same is true of external,security and defence policy …”

Overcoming the divide: the creation of the new Europe S. 43-50

„… more intense cooperation in foreign and security policy aswell as domestic and judicial policy.With the …” „… Community's empty coffers. This was due to the exploding costsof the Common Agricultural Policy and the …” „… Community'sjurisdiction to other policy areas, e.g. in the fields of the environment, research, technology and social …”

A multilayered new world - the Lisbon Treaty S. 125-133

„… policy.To date, the member states have used the process of 'enhanced cooperation' to handle cross-border …” „… Mediterranean policy, which must be redesigned, the'Eastern Partnership' is to result in an overall package for …” „… the Neighbourhood Policy. It is of major political importance for the Union to create anarea between …”

A changed world - a common Europe S. 167-174

„… steering development in the rightdirection.Europe must expand its policy of partnership with Africa. This …” „… includesgenuinely fair economic and trade relations. A situation whereby moremoney continues to flow from Africa to …” „… internal policy. It must accept the fearsof people who, in view of an increasing number of immigrants from …”

Decentralised structures - the subsidiarity principle S. 208-211

„… Islamabad up until 1988, not only was it possible to solve many trade problems to mutual …” „… according toeach country, but also according to each policy area. According to theEuropean Commission …” „… regional policy, on the otherhand, which aims at encouraging underdeveloped regions, depends greatlyon the …”

The Europe 2020 strategy S. 179-185

„… approximately 1.0- 1.5% over the next few years, far less than other important trade partners.As well as the …” „… quickly implicated, partly dueto the lack of a common Union economic policy and an independent …” „… , supported by the central bank's policy of cheap moneywas the decisive catalyst that brought down the house …”

The vulnerability of our planet S. 137-141

„… former’s current energy policy. If the current energy policy, which ischaracterised by national interests …” „… toEurope and can only be rendered sustainable via a European policy of diversification of energy supplies …” „… to uncontrollable conflicts, butit is also obvious that in order to prevent them a global policy is …”

The unification of the continent S. 50-60

„… terms of trade policy had already beenachieved. However, aspects of the Community beyond economic …” „… 'balanceddistribution' of prosperity, i.e. a European welfare, growth and social policy,that the Community's method is …” „… Community since the Maastricht Treaty and the CommonForeign and Security Policy.How is the enlargement being …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845233000

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Trade Relations after Brexit

Friedemann Kainer (ed.), René Repasi (ed.)

2019

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Christoph Herrmann Brexit, WTO and EU Trade Policy S. 95-116

„… from the EU’s Common Commercial Policy (CCP) and the related parallel membership in the World Trade …” „… Commercial Policy (CCP) based on the Customs Union. Regaining sovereignty in the field of trade policy seems …” „… Trade Policy Autonomy as Pyrrhic Victory: Being a Middle Power in a Contested Trade Regime’ (2017) 14 …”

Jürgen Matthes Economic Implications of leaving the EU for the United Kingdom S. 59-94

„… , ‘Brexit or Fixit? The Trade and Welfare effects of Leaving the European Union’ CEP Policy Analysis, (2014 …” „… Trade Agreements’ (2011) 3 American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 113–143. Economic Implications of …” „… hardly suited for trade policy analyses. Therefore, the respective authors use results from the economic …”

Patrick Minford Understanding the UK negotiating position on Brexit S. 43-58

„… – details of this are discussed in the next section. On top of such trade policy gains we estimate from our …” „… , these problems of the lack of UK Voice threatened to spread from the existing areas of economics – trade …” „… policy, regulation and immigration – to wider areas covering foreign policy, defence and internal justice …”

Friedemann Kainer Market Access and Standards in the Future Relation between the EU and the UK S. 149-178

„… objective inherent in the Brexit process of regaining control over its own legislation and trade policy …” „… policy makers. When negotiating trade relations between the EU and ASEAN in 2004, EU trade commissioner …” „… Policy Research Working Paper No. 4124, p. 11. 10 ’EU and ASEAN to pave way for trade pact talks …”

Albert Sanchez-Graells EU-UK procurement-based trade relations after Brexit: Some thoughts S. 379-396

„… procurement-based trade relations after Brexit: Some thoughts 383 rement law and policy, which tends to be …” „… . OECD, Working Party of the Trade Committee, Emerging policy issues: taxonomy of measures affecting …” „… EU-UK procurement-based trade relations after Brexit: Some thoughts Dr Albert Sanchez-Graells1 …”

Friedemann Kainer, René Repasi Trade Relations after Brexit: An Introduction S. 7-14

„… having analysed the various policy documents and proposals for a future trade arrangement on services he …” „… Trade Relations after Brexit: An Introduction Friedemann Kainer & René Repasi The trade relations …” „… accounted for 44% of the UK exports and 53% of the imports.1 The UK had in 2017 an overall trade deficit …”

Florian Wagner-von Papp Brexit: Challenges and Regulatory Solutions in the field of Competition Policy and State Aid S. 331-378

„… Brexit: Challenges and Regulatory Solutions in the field of Competition Policy and State Aid …” „… Trade Relations after Brexit, organised by the EURO- CEFG of the University Leiden and the Mannheim …” „… ’ of July 2018, with modifications introduced in the ‘Taxation (Cross-border Trade) Act 2018’.4 Since …”

René Repasi Free Trade Agreements as a Means to Maintain and to Establish Integrated Markets S. 117-148

„… lowest possible trade barriers between participating trading partners. The policy goals only differ in …” „… free trade agreement.9 The policy documents will form the basis for the following assessment of what …” „… option, see: Herrmann, ‘Brexit, WTO and EU Trade Policy’, in this volume. 8 A ‘hostile no-deal Brexit …”

Gavin Barrett Brexit and the Free Movement of Services: Challenges and Regulatory Solutions S. 213-246

„… euro-denominated trades – specifically, were the ECB to be given power to (re-)introduce a location policy …” „… Complicating matters, the EU does not have a harmonised third country trade policy in services. A free trade …” „… developed economies. They account for a lower proportion of international trade as a whole – between 20% and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… future relationship between the EU and the UK Part 2 Brexit, WTO and EU Trade Policy 97 Christoph …” „… Policy and State Aid 331 Florian Wagner-von Papp EU-UK procurement-based trade relations after Brexit …” „… Trade Relations after Brexit Friedemann Kainer/René Repasi (eds.) Nomos BUT_Kainer_5133-4_HC.indd …”

Elmar Brok, Anne Liekenbrock Brexit – The Negotiation Position of the EU 27 S. 15-42

„… Plan also proposed that the UK would apply its own tariffs and an independent trade policy for goods …” „… policy"5 and made this the central tenet why he wanted to leave the EU. There may be good reason why this …” „… continent, the EU has been given new responsibilities by Member States for many different areas of policy …”

Armin Cuyvers Balancing sovereignty, trade and Northern-Irish peace: Free movement of goods post-Brexit S. 179-212

„… Specific Issues of Future Trade Agreements between the EU and the UK Part 3 Balancing sovereignty …” „… , trade and Northern-Irish peace: Free movement of goods post-Brexit Armin Cuyvers1 Introduction: the …” „… enduring importance of goods Regulating trade in goods post-Brexit is of fundamental importance …”

Wolf-Georg Ringe Brexit and Financial Regulation S. 247-292

„… Norway option does not seem to be attractive to the large majority of the UK public nor its policy-makers …” „… the Single Market as the UK has in staying. The only serious obstacle for European policy-makers to …” „… views between the UK Government and regional policy-makers inside the UK. For example, it is well known …”

Peter-Christian Müller-Graff Legal protection and legal uniformity: Procedural and institutional rules in European-British trade relations after Brexit S. 397-415

„… Legal protection and legal uniformity: Procedural and institutional rules in European-British trade …” „… institutional rules in European-British trade relations after Brexit” – this question, formulated by the …” „… organisers of the Mannheim Conference on “Trade Relations after Brexit” is a vast topic.1 Its discussion is …”

Menelaos Markakis Citizens’ Rights after Brexit: The Withdrawal Agreement and the Future Mobility Framework S. 293-330

„… ) Policy_paper_on_citizens__rights_in_th …” „… (such as a deep and comprehensive Free Trade Agreement), and/or ‘topped up’ through more favourable …” „… ’ (emphasis added).55 It further provides that ‘[a]ny restrictions on grounds of public policy or security …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845293349

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Challenges to the Multilateral Trading System

Marco Wagner

Series: Integration Europas und Ordnung der Weltwirtschaft

Volume 36 2010

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Unilateral Trade Policy S. 29-33

„… of a trade policy change is given by: ?????????? ???????? ?++???+= ???2222222222222222222 1)1(11 …” „… 2W by imposing an export tax. 2.2.2 Unilateral Trade Policy With equations (26) and (28), we are …” „… trade policy pair on balance stimulates trade. If E lies above F? , the trade policy pair restricts …”

Unilateral Trade Policy S. 19-20

„… 19 pw1pw0p1p0C*C*ABCCC1C0 Figure 2: Iso-price-functions. 2.1.2 Unilateral Trade Policy …” „… foreign unilateral trade policies in the absence of a trade agreement. In an unilateral trade policy …” „… framework, each government sets its trade policy to maximize its objective function taking as given the …”

References S. 123-133

„… . 379-406. Brainard, Lael, "Last one out wins: Trade policy in an international exit game,'' International …” „… Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4751, 2008. Ethier, Wilfred, "Trade policies based on political …” „… preferential trade agreement make a country more or less protectionist?,'' The World Bank, Policy Research …”

General Equilibrium Model S. 14-19

„… agreement, the government chooses its trade policy unilaterally while a terms-of-trade externality creates …” „… world price. This mechanism enables governments to shift some costs of their protective trade policy …” „… onto the trading partner. This rationale enters the politicians' trade policy decision generating an …”

Results S. 34-36

„… be achieved by unilateral trade policy. A country obviously gains welfare when its trading partner …” „… immediately negotiate about free trade or the final efficient cooperative trade policy, but rather follow a …” „… lead to the socially preferred outcome. In the context of international trade and trade policy, such …”

Results S. 23-25

„… sets its trade policy to obtain its preferred local price. Starting with the corresponding politically …” „… , none of them has an incentive to change their trade policy as, regarding the effects of local price …” „… trade-policy decision of governments. Figure 3 shows that the politically optimal tariffs (point PO ) lie on …”

Trade Agreements S. 33-34

„… exchange of market access and which restricts export taxes. Regarding unilateral trade policy …” „… cooperative trade policy in each sector separately can improve government welfare. E. g. regarding good 1, a …” „… restricts export subsidies. Regarding unilateral trade policy, political-support dominance implies that both …”

The Model S. 25-29

„… creates an inefficiency in trade policy decisions that an international trade agreement can resolve …” „… ), in reality trade policy is systematically used to transfer resources to import-competing rather than …” „… effects of a change in trade policy, we differentiate equation (22) which generates: (23 …”

The Value of Reciprocal Trade Agreements S. 20-23

„… trade policy decisions. The intersection point N depicts the unique Nash equilibrium with the …” „… motivated by the terms-of-trade implications of their trade-policy decisions. If unilateral tariff choices …” „… intuitively. In the absence of terms-of-trade considerations, each government sets its trade policy to obtain …”

The Model S. 36-40

„… context of international trade and trade policy, such rules can be provided by international organizations …” „… time. 24 The commitment approach does not only apply to trade policy but rather can be found in …” „… diverse fields of economics including industrial organization, monetary policy, international trade and …”

Introduction and Motivation S. 11-13

„… "public goods" effect insofar as GATT/WTO members have a more liberal trade policy not only among GATT/WTO …” „… 11 1 Introduction and Motivation The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was founded in …” „… 1947 and came into force in 1948. It was succeeded by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. In …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Unilateral Trade Policy 19 2.1.3 The Value of Reciprocal Trade Agreements 20 2.1.4 Results 23 2.2 …” „… Political-economy Approach II 25 2.2.1 The Model 26 2.2.2 Unilateral Trade Policy 29 2.2.3 Trade Agreements …” „… WeltwirtschaftMarco WagnerChallenges to the Multilateral Trading SystemWorld Trade Organization, Generalized System …”

Subject Index S. 135-136

„… traditional-economy 15, 19, 24f unidirectional trade flows 43, 58 unilateral trade policy 20, 22, 30, 34f universal …” „… valorem tariff 12, 27, 43 anti-trade-bias puzzle 26, 31, 33, 35 building bloc 79, 85, 89ff commitment 13 …” „… , 19, 23ff, 29, 31 - political 15f, 19, 26, 29 - terms-of-trade (ToT) 15f, 19, 23ff, 29, 31 Faustian …”

Two Camps – Friends or Foes? S. 84-87

„… ) whether RTAs are a stumbling bloc or rather a building bloc for multilateral trade liberalization. Baldwin …” „… substitutes • The net effect of RTAs is trade diversion (see Panagariya, 1999, Bhagwati and Panagariya, 1996 …” „… ). Although RTAs create trade among members by preferential tariff concessions, this effect is solely moderate …”

General Research Strategy S. 89-95

„… arrangements thereby neglecting other dimensions of trade liberalization, such as non-tariff barriers. Foroutan …” „… (1998) points out that other indicators, such as actual trade flows and trade liberalization indicators …” „… regionalism in the 1950s and 1960s was accompanied by a vivid discussion on the effects of RTAs on trade. More …”

Sensitivity Analysis S. 51-57

„… addition, the countries' trade policy is also liberal vis-à-vis non-members. Lower middle-income countries …” „… liberal trade policy behavior by GATT/WTO members. 3.1.4 Intermediate Conclusion With this gravity …” „… trade liberalization prior to their GATT/WTO accession (see Felbermayr and Kohler, 2007). Statistically …”

Intermediate Conclusion S. 57-58

„… exception of North America, the point estimates are significantly positive indicating a liberal trade policy …” „… 57 East Asia & Pacific or North America, bilateral trade increases by about 40% and 50 …” „… trade on average by about 90% to 130%. Finally, countries located in South Asia or Sub-Saharan Africa …”

Intermediate Conclusion S. 76-78

„… trade preferences finding that recipients' exports generally profit from preferential agreements …” „… interests of the US. GSP schemes of New Zealand and Turkey substantially foster trade flows in both …” „… particular, it recommends that trade preferences should provide stability, i. e. be based on enforceable and …”

Empirical Evaluation S. 40

„… have helped the US government to make credible trade policy commitments to the private sector during …” „… liberalize in period 3. As a result, the policy would be timeconsistent and generate a socially optimal …” „… industries which faced potential injury from trade liberalization. Concerning the Escape Clause which permits …”

Stylized Facts about Regional Trade Arrangements S. 78-84

„… 78 3.3 Multilateralism versus Regionalism?! During the last two decades regional trade agreements …” „… World Trade Organization (WTO) and the WTO (2009d) expects close to 400 RTAs by 2010. At first sight …” „… an important question whether RTAs are compatible with global trade liberalization. Panagariya (2000 …”

Empirical Model S. 41-48

„… trade policy and income, i. e. timevarying effects, the ? -variables represent deterministic country or …” „… common ways to investigate the effects of international institutions on trade. Partial equilibrium models …” „… model relates the attractive force (bilateral trade) proportionally to the gravitational masses of two …”

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WTO-Streitbeilegung und EuGH im Vergleich

Olaf Weber

Series: Heidelberger Schriften zum Wirtschaftsrecht und Europarecht

Volume 38 2007

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Kontrolle der Rechtseinhaltung: Kommission und Trade Policy Review S. 68-69

„… und Trade Policy Review Für die Funktion der Kommission als Hüterin des Gemeinschaftsrechts gibt es in …” „… überwacht. Allenfalls ansatzweise kann der Trade Policy Review Body diese Aufgabe erfüllen. Ihm stehen …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 463-490

„… , WuW 1994, S. 601 Ecces, Baroness, The Role of EU Institutions in the External Trade Policy, In Emiliou …” „… World Trade Organization, Hoover Essays in Public Policy Nr. 105, Stanford University, 2000 McGivern …” „… Principles of Political Economy, 1817 Richardson, J. D., The political economy of Strategic Trade Policy, in …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 23-30

„… Practice of the GATT in the Field of Dispute Settlement. TPRB The Trade Policy Review Body TPRM Trade …” „… Policy Review Mechanism Trade Barrier Verordnung (Handelshemmnisverordnung) Verordnung des Rates EG …” „… WTO-Streitbeilegung) Abkommen über den Handel mit Zivilflugzeugen Agreement on Trade in Civil Aircraft, WTO (Hg …”

Räte und Komitees S. 62-66

„… Rates In ähnlicher Weise nimmt der Allgemeine Rat der Welthandelsorganisation als „Trade Policy Review …” „… Body“ (TPRB) innerhalb des „Trade Policy Review Mechanism“ (TPRM) gemäß Art. IV:4 WTO seine Pflichten …” „… Trade in Goods“), Dienstleistungen („Council for Trade in Services“) und geistige Eigentumsrechte …”

Verwaltung: Kommission – Sekretariat S. 67-68

„… . Kontrolle der Rechtseinhaltung: Kommission und Trade Policy Review Für die Funktion der Kommission als …” „… officio die Einhaltung der Regeln überwacht. Allenfalls ansatzweise kann der Trade Policy Review Body …”

Das Recht der Welthandelsorganisation S. 77-91

„… mit einem politischen Überwachungssystem, dem „Trade Policy Review Mechanism“ (TPRM), der Ausführung …” „… „General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994“, kurz GATT 1994342. Das GATT 1994 ist nur faktisch der …” „… World Trade Organization (Hg.) 1999, S. 17 – 32. 343 GATT 1994:1a); World Trade Organization (Hg.) 1999 …”

Die Entwicklung des aktuellen internationalen Handelsrechts S. 43-52

„… , RIW / AWD 1976, S. 521, 523f. 67 Letzel 1999, S. 18f.; Proposals for Expansion of World Trade and …” „… Employment, Department of State Publication No. 2411, Commercial Policy Series No. 79 (1945). 44 …” „… November 1947 bis März 1948 die „Havanna Charter“ zur Gründung der International Trade Organization (ITO …”

Politische Implementierungsmaßnahmen der WTO-Organe S. 324-326

„… Handelsüberwachungsausschuss („Trade Policy Monitoring Body“).2273 Seine Aufgabe ist es, im Allgemeinen zur Einhaltung der …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-22

„… Rechtseinhaltung: Kommission und Trade Policy Review 68IV. Parlament 69V. Finanzen 69Kapitel 3 - Die …”

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