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A Learning Community Built on Strengths

Katie Alaniz

2024

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Tackling Technological Change S. 63-80

doi.org/10.5771/9781475871708

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Human Rights and Technological Change

Michael Homberg (ed.), Benjamin Möckel (ed.)

Series: Schriftenreihe Menschenrechte im 20. Jahrhundert

Volume 2022

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Michael Homberg, Benjamin Möckel Introduction: Human Rights and Technological Change S. 9-34

„… 9Michael Homberg/Benjamin MöckelIntroduction: Human Rights and Technological ChangeA Tale of Two …” „… perception of technology changed in the postwar decades, turning from a notion of technological change as the …” „… , Life.6 Choi-Fitzpatrick, The Good Drone, 5 f.introduction: human rights and technological change11The …”

Daniel Palmieri Innovation, Technology, and Humanitarianism. The Example of the International Committee of the Red Cross S. 210-229

„… combine technological innovations with an attempt to change people’s behavior. For example, the silo bread …” „… abreast of technologi-cal change. Particularly in the 20th and 21st centuries, the ICRC has taken …” „… , most technological advances to help victims of armed conflict have comprised either innovations to or …”

Benedikt Neuroth Origins of a Human Right to Privacy. The United Nations’ Debate on Science and Technology in the Context of the United States’ Domestic Politics S. 257-280

„… right, and what was the impact of technological change, especially of automated data processing, on …” „… »Human Rights and Scientific and Technological Developments« spec-ified areas of concern. In more detail …” „… conditions of the people, but also to consider the »(c) Prevention of the use of scientific and technological …”

Heinrich Hartmann Contested Reproductive Rights. Population Technologies and the Quest for Individualism in the 1960s and 1970s S. 149-167

„… diversity of tech-nological change.«51 Technological change contributed to the evolution 49 Hartmann …” „… connected and should be understood as partially interchangeable components of a new technological claim to …” „… that programs aiming to change reproductive behavior should address women who had recently given birth …”

Julia Gül Erdogan Computer Power to the People. West German Hackers’ Activism and Online Communication During the Yugoslavian Wars S. 281-307

„… . My article not only highlights the discursive level of technological change and human rights but aims …” „… 1990s, the changes that accompanied computerization were contingent and shapeable. Technological change …” „… signifi-cantly due to two independent developments. First, changes happened on a technological level a second on …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Human Rights and Technological ChangeConflicts and Convergences after 1945Schriftenreihe …” „… Norbert FreiBand 10Human Rights and Technological ChangeConflicts and Convergences after 1945Edited by …” „… Homberg/Benjamin MöckelIntroduction: Human Rights and Technological Change 9I. Colonial Legacies, Postcolonial …”

Claudia Roesch A Human Right or a Danger to the Future? Debates about Family Planning Between Parental Rights and Duties in 1960s West Germany S. 168-186

„… , technological advances had turned the family into something that couples could actively plan for. Oral …” „… planning to the specific demands of the fami-ly-planning association for legal change. First, it discusses …” „… continued to look toward the United States when they needed information on technological advances or …”

Lia Börsch Image Activists. Building Structures, Arguing with Images, and Cooperating with Media Actors at Amnesty International 1975-1985 S. 230-254

„… use images taken by professional photographers.6 In addition, the technological advancement of the …” „… trans-national global activism networks, which were emerging in parallel to far-reaching changes in media culture …” „… War. Consequently, the focus of this article is on these two important decades of change in the …”

Daniel Stahl Freedom Fighter. Weapons and Rights in the Cold War S. 189-209

„… technological race between the East and the West and as a conflict between two different concepts of rights.The …” „… MiG-21. However, the Cold War was not only a technological competition but also a deeply ideological …” „… the company’s consultants stated, focusing exclusively on technological superiority would also harm …”

Roman Birke Reproductive Technologies, Contraceptives, and Human Rights S. 127-148

„… UK, between 72 and 83 % of adults were in favor of chang-ing human embryos’ genetic composition to …” „… relation-ship between technology and human rights: First, technological inno-vations are culturally appropriated …” „… achievements in shifting public discourse. In 1959, Julian Huxley asserted that »the most encouraging change is …”

Barbara Keys Information and Communication Technologies in Human Rights Work in the 1990s S. 308-328

„… rights groups used tech-nology are nearly nonexistent.3 But it is not merely that technological advances …” „… quantified information meant that human rights organizations often 4 On how the instruments used change the …” „… fundamentally different approach to convincing the public and policy actors of the need for change. Second …”

Ute Hasenöhrl »Powering Progress, Empowering People«? (Hydro)Electricity and Human Rights in Post/Colonial India,1920s-1990s S. 37-62

„… Project (1980s/90s). Highlighting rhetorical continuities and changes over a period of about 80 years, the …” „… as a sort of blueprint, merging tech-nological environmental interventions and the idea of economic …” „… post/colonial nations with technological assistance and liberal funding, local antidam activists also found it …”

Moritz Riesewieck Into the Open. An Essay on Democratizing Social Media S. 329-353

„… names of the most popular networks and platforms may change (although Facebook and Google have so far …” „… observation and forecasting tools of the pre-internet era. Of course, change that is still ongoing defies any …” „… ? The solution that Facebook & Co. found years ago is – as so often in Silicon Valley – a technological …”

Daniel Roger Maul The ILO, Asia, and the Beginnings of Technical Assistance, 1945-1960 S. 98-124

„… changes being made in the Office’s coordination of such activities, and without any major budgetary …” „… provide the underdeveloped regions of the world with technological resources and expert know-how to help …” „… the center of the debates accompanying the programmatic changes in the ILO’s work. It was mainly from …”

Bibliography S. 354-384

„… . Diplomacy of Conscience. Amnesty International and Chang-ing Human Rights Norms. Princeton, 2001.Clarke …” „… and the Rise of Behavioural Economics,« Handbook of Behavioural Change and Public Policy, edited by …” „… Change in Population Policy. Lanham, 2006.Hallas, Roger. »Photojournalism, NGOs, and the New Media …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783835348424

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Shifting Paradigms

Zia Qureshi (ed.), Cheonsik Woo (ed.)

2022

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Technological Change and Inequality in Korea S. 217-264

„… Accounts (NA): Q1Technological changePropertyincomePanel A Panel B Panel CFIGURE 8-1. Relation between …” „… the wors-ening income distribution, economists are giving attention to technologi-cal change …” „… . Technological innovation can lead to changes in market demand and abrupt transformation of industrial production …”

Digitalization and Inequality S. 177-216

„… dif fer ent for technological change.As can be seen in figure 7-2, it would indeed seem that, in some …” „… Technological ChangeIn their decomposition of the drop in the labor income share since the turn of the …” „… effect of technological change.Furman (2018) suggests that “we should be reassured if automation in the …”

Overview: Digital Metamorphosis and Economic Change S. 1-34

„… examines how today’s technological change is transforming growth and distributional dynamics and reshaping …” „… Development Insti-tute.1 It analyzes the implications of technological change from both global and country …” „… accelerating technological change— and a consequent economic singularity of a takeoff in productivity and …”

Preface S. i-xiv

„… and Cheonsik WooThe future is arriving faster than expected. Rapid technological change is reshaping …” „… second book on technological change produced by a joint research project of the Brookings Institution and …” „… equality 177FRANÇOIS BOURGUIGNON 8 Technological Change and In equality in Korea 217JUNGSOO …”

Index S. 269-backcover1

„… technological change and, 124–28; education and workforce development, 136–38, 208; good jobs, encouraging …” „… , 35–36, 53–54. See also Korea, technological change and inequality inInformation and communication …” „… , technological change and in equality in, 22–23, 217–63; biases in labor income share calculations, 223–26, 225f …”

Gone Digital: Technology Diffusion in the Digital Era S. 35-72

„… , diffusion may be seen as intrinsic to the broader pro cess of technological change, with learning and …” „… rapid technological change, new tech-nologies become obsolete faster, which may induce wait- and- see …” „… Tech-nological Change.” Econometrica, Journal of the Econometric Society 25, no. 4, pp. 501–22.556-99629_ch01_3 …”

Harnessing the Promise of Fintech S. 95-122

„… challenges created by tech-nological innovations in the finance industry (Fintech). Fintech refers to digital …” „… not take into account changes in the characteristics of end users (firms, house holds). These …” „… changes require qual-ity adjustments to the raw mea sure of intermediated assets. For instance, corporate …”

Contributors S. 265-268

„… macroeconomics, technological change and innovation, and labor economics. He received his Ph.D. in economics …” „… business and employ-ment dynamics, productivity, innovation, and technological change. His research has …”

Automation, Jobs, and Wages: Should Workers Fear the New Automation? S. 123-150

„… States.The Economics of Technological Change and the labor MarketAs MIT economist David Autor asked in a …” „… saw evidence of technological change everywhere but in the productivity numbers. But productivity …” „… technologies have gener-ated skill- biased technical change (SBTC), in which automation has re-duced the demand …”

Organizaing for Digitalization at the Firm Level S. 151-176

„… known as skill- biased technological change.9 The relationship is con-firmed by later firm- or plant …” „… . Given the fast pace of technological change, the time lag may become a more serious issue in the future …” „… amid today’s rapid techno-logical change is clear, the question is how to implement “an effective …”

Digital Technologies, Intangibles, and Firm Productivity S. 73-94

„… adoption can amplify differences in firm productivity. Complementary orga nizational and other changes that …” „… suggest that complementary changes in orga nizational capital— including adaptation of management …” „… Charles Hulten. 2010. “How Do You Mea sure a Techno-logical Revolution?” American Economic Review 100, no …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815739012

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Test-Driving the Future

Diane Michelfelder (ed.)

2022

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Chapter 2 A Postphenomenology of Electric, Self-Driving, and Shared Vehicles S. 15-28

„… technological changes and regulatory regimes (for example, sensors that detect the passenger’s eyes, or …” „… not to say cars did not change at all. On the contrary, their silhouettes changed toward more …” „… most of the twentieth century, when the basic operation of a car did not change significantly. That is …”

Chapter 1 Test-Driving the Future S. 1-14

„… 1Chapter 1Test-Driving the FutureOrdinary Environments and the Ethics of Technological ChangeDiane …” „… technological change: namely, the development of autonomous vehicles. In line with the full subtitle of this …” „… vol-ume, Autonomous Vehicles and the Ethics of Technological Change, we could ask what could be learned …”

Chapter 8 Vehicles of Change S. 109-130

„… commentators remain impressed with the rate of change.Rather than examine the technological or business …” „… “pacing problem”: when technological change outpaces the ability of institutions to respond in an …” „… involved in conditioning and constructing periods of technological change, it remains helpful to …”

Chapter 6 Stop Saying That Autonomous Cars Will Eliminate Driver Distraction S. 77-96

„… objects. We can imagine that this person might oppose any activism that urges for technological change …” „… should not act on climate change based on the broad assumption that some technological fix will be …” „… broad set of proposals for addressing climate change dubbed a “new Manhattan Project.”1 The main idea …”

Preface S. i-x

„… Technological ChangeEdited by Diane MichelfelderROWMAN & LITTLEFIELDLanham • Boulder • New York …” „… ethics of technological change / edited by Diane Michelfelder.Description: Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield …” „… : Ordinary Environments and the Ethics of Technological Change 1Diane MichelfelderChapter 2: A …”

Index S. 167-172

„… , 131–32; of technological change, 7–12; of technology, 8–9, 62–63, 151–52; in Tempe fatal accident case …” „… thought on, 6, 78, 81–82, 87, 89–90; technological accidents, 141; technological change, 7–11, 16, 79 …” „… of cities to accommodate AVs, 41, 113; study on eight city transportation modes, 132–34climate change …”

Chapter 3 The Ethics of Crossing the Street S. 29-42

„… ),” among others. It is a system performing calculations and causing changes in velocity and trajectory. A …” „… scene.TECHNOLOGICAL FRAMESThe most common justification for a move to autonomous vehicles could well be called the …” „… technological or sociotechnological system, a hybrid ensemble that includes technical compo-nents (hardware and …”

Chapter 9 Planes, Trains, and Flying Taxis S. 131-150

„… changes to infrastructure including the addition of facili-ties not currently needed. This would include …” „… technologies that are perceived as a Technological Fix (a term coined by Weinberg [1966]) for social problems …” „… ). Embracing the latest Technological Fix is an approach that runs the risk of avoiding tackling such problems …”

Chapter 10 Experiencing the Future S. 151-166

„… wide-ranging changes in our lives and societies that are not value neutral, and so may be considered good or …” „… self-driving vehicles change the ways people make their choices and act in the world? How will it affect their …” „… developed by van Manen (2014), and the experimental postphenomenology of technological mediation elaborated …”

Chapter 5 The Ethics of Transitioning Toward a Driverless Future S. 59-76

„… . “Technological Change and Human Obsolescence.” Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology.Gogoll, Jan, and …” „… different context—namely, the ethics of how to respond to human-made climate change—the philosopher and …” „… automation might change the moral landscape and put pressure on the justifiability of using certain kinds of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781786613240

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Evolution of Technological Profiles in the European Life Sciences Industry

Jeanette Stohr

Series: Karlsruher Beiträge zur wirtschaftspolitischen Forschung - Karlsruhe Papers in Economic Policy Research

Volume 33 2013

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Technological change as a path dependent process S. 38-40

„… illustration II.2.3 Technological change as a path dependent process Empirical evidence shows, that innovative …” „… periods. Although technological trajectories may change over time, it can be assumed that most of these 4 …” „… technological paths which have been developed in the past (see among others Cantwell, 2004, p. 289 f …”

Technological trajectories and paradigms – the search for technological solutions S. 33-37

„… change is described from an evolutionary perspective. II.2 Technological change as an evolutionary …” „… process The distribution of economic activities and the process of technological change are discussed in a …” „… ). Traditional theories of technological change can be classified into ‘demandpull’ and ‘technology-push …”

References S. 179-188

„… , Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 9 (1), pp. 5-34 Andersen, B. (2001): Technological change and the …” „… Antonelli, C. (2006): Path dependence, localized technological change and the quest for dynamic efficiency …” „… measurement of technological change: A survey of the literature, Research Policy, 16 (2-4), pp. 131-141 Becker …”

Technology – a conceptualisation S. 31-33

„… framework provides some basic definitions and explains the mechanisms shaping technological change. The …” „… framework introduces patents as indicators of technological change. Using different knowledge base …” „… indicators the empirical analyses investigate the technological changes in the European life sciences …”

Combining the multi-level framework and the systems of innovation approach S. 50-55

„… criticised for not taking into account the dynamics of technological change (Hekkert et al., 2007, p. 414 …” „… ). Technological change in sectoral innovation systems is mainly driven by the evolutionary processes of variety …” „… and knowledge base of the sector. Thus, technological change is often path dependent and incremental …”

Objective of the thesis S. 27-30

„… , research theses about the rates and directions of technological change are developed. They draw on …” „… scope decisions and the technological changes which take place at the level of nations, sectors and …” „… technological knowledge. Next, the process of technological change is investigated. The contributions of …”

Summary and conclusions S. 169-178

„… , the technology bases of the sample nations are highly path dependent. Changes in the technological …” „… portfolios have also faced some incremental changes. These changes concern the development of technological …” „… show similar technological profiles. Additionally, the technological change within the life sciences …”

Effects of technological diversification S. 104-107

„… change at the firm level This section elaborates the nature of technological change at the firm level …” „… . First, the process of technological change is discussed from an evolutionary perspective focusing on the …” „… 104 Figure 32: Determinants of technological diversification Source: own …”

Indicators of technological innovation S. 56-61

„… industry.12 However, as any other indicator of technological change, R&D surveys have also some …” „… possible to trace long time developments of technological change (Stephan, 2003, p. 175 f.). Additionally …” „… 56 Thesis 2a argues that the technological developments at the country level are shaped by the …”

Tracing technological trajectories using knowledge base indicators S. 70-90

„… technological changes in the life sciences have an incremental nature. The dominating chemical paradigm is …” „… base is analysed with regard to structural changes in the accumulation of technological knowledge …” „… 1996/00 the picture changes: The share of related technological diversification decreases slightly …”

Dynamics of innovation systems: The multi-level perspective S. 48-50

„… technological change. Innovation systems are mostly regarded as quasi-static process. Therefore, these …” „… approaches fail to explain the mechanisms shaping long-term technological change (Hekkert et al., 2007, p …” „… . 414 f.). The multi-level perspective attempts to map technological change in so called socio-technical …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… trajectories 31 II.1 Technology – a conceptualisation 31 II.2 Technological change as an evolutionary process …” „… .2.2 Technology life cycles – the evolution of new technologies 37 II.2.3 Technological change as a …” „… Effects of technological diversification 104 III.2 Technological change at the firm level 107 III.2.1 …”

Phenomenon of technological diversification S. 23-26

„… technologies (Cantwell/Fai, 1999, p. 341 f.). However, the links between the changes in the technological …” „… 23 Chapter 1 Introduction In the 1980s researchers observed the increasing technological …” „… Granstrand/Sjölander (1990) showed that firms have continuously expanded the range of their technological activities …”

Determinants of technological diversification S. 97-104

„… . Especially in the development of technological complex products, changes in one technological area often …” „… changes which take place in the domains of the suppliers, firms need to possess technological knowledge …” „… 97 Chapter III Tracing technological diversification patterns ‘The advance of knowledge depends …”

Comparison of the innovation system approaches S. 46-48

„… perspective of technological change. Innovation systems are mostly regarded as quasi-static process. Therefore …” „… , these approaches fail to explain the mechanisms shaping long-term technological change (Hekkert et al …” „… ., 2007, p. 414 f.). The multi-level perspective attempts to map technological change in so called …”

Database and sample S. 63-67

„… 63 II.6 National technological trajectories in the life sciences ‘Life sciences encompass different …” „… changes due to the evolution of biotechnology. Innovation economists describe biotechnology as one of the …” „… biotechnology as a new technological paradigm encompassing a variety of new technological trajectories. As a …”

National systems of innovation S. 40-43

„… light on the complex nature of technological change. The concept tries to explain the development …” „… directions of technological change. The NIS approach focuses on all industries and technologies which are …” „… 40 changes will occur slowly according to the characteristics of the underlying learning processes …”

Technology classification scheme S. 61-63

„… 61 patent plays a minor role by assessing technological specialisation and diversification patterns …” „… . However, compared to other technological indicators they have one main advantage: their availability in …” „… remain a unique source for the analysis of the process of technical change. Nothing else even comes close …”

Patterns of technological specialisation in the life sciences S. 90-94

„… 90 create new pieces of knowledge through differentiation of the existing technological …” „… exploratory research phase (indicated by falling technological relatedness, growing cognitive distance and a …” „… countries until the end of the 1990s (expressed by a slight decrease of the technological diversification …”

Sectoral and technological systems of innovation S. 43-46

„… universities or industries are important for the process of technological change within technological systems …” „… discussed in this thesis.7 II.3.2 Sectoral and technological systems of innovation Empirical evidence shows …” „… ). 44 It is argued that each sector has its specific knowledge base and distinct technological …”

Evolutionary theory of the firm S. 107-108

„… Technological change at the firm level This section elaborates the nature of technological change at the firm …” „… level. First, the process of technological change is discussed from an evolutionary perspective focusing …” „… 107 Figure 34: Positive effects of technological diversification Source: own illustration III.2 …”

Research theses S. 55-56

„… . Changes in the technological profiles are supposed to be incremental and cumulative. Thesis 1 argues …” „… 55 vestigates the evolution of technological profiles in the life sciences industry from a …” „… multi-level perspective. Aim is to take into account the dynamic interactions between the technological …”

Concluding remarks to Chapter II S. 94-96

„… . The technological activities in the life sciences are highly path dependent. Changes in the knowledge …” „… 94 TECHNOLOGICAL SPECIALISATION TECHNOLOGY ? MedTech Biotech Pharma Food Chem Env Machines …” „… ProducersFigure 28: Overview of the technological specialisation patterns in the life sciences industry Source …”

Data set and proceeding S. 151-153

„… 151 IV.3 Linking national technological trajectories and technological …” „… order to determine the similarities between the national technological profiles and the technological …” „… corporate technology base with the technological base of the sample nations. The technological profiles of …”

Example – Proceeding of k-means algorithm S. 145-151

„… change their clusters. While P4(1.75/2) is now assigned to Cluster 2, P9(2/3) is assigned to Cluster 1 …” „… until no object changes its cluster (Table 12). After five iteration steps the algorithm terminates and …” „… • Assign P(2.5/3) to Cluster 1 • Assign P(3/3) to Cluster 1No object changes its cluster!Z1Z2Z301234560 0,5 …”

Technological performance in the life sciences S. 67-70

„… of the technological classes in the six sample countries. The structural changes in the knowledge …” „… 67 Building on these technological classes the set of relevant IPC classes can be defined.22 These …” „… residence. II.6.2 Technological performance in the life sciences In the following the evolution of the …”

Assignment to the clusters – national perspective S. 153-155

„… 153 The technological profiles of the sample countries are used as initial cluster centers. If the …” „… sample companies follow the national technological trajectories, it can be assumed that the sample …” „… the closest cluster center until no cluster center changes significantly.42 The final clusters are …”

Technology life cycles – the evolution of new technologies S. 37-38

„… , own illustration II.2.3 Technological change as a path dependent process Empirical evidence shows …” „… – the evolution of new technologies Dosi’s concept of the technological trajectories provides an …” „… understanding of the factors that shape the evolution of new technological knowledge. Long-term cycles of …”

Concluding remarks to Chapter IV S. 166-168

„… 166 Cluster 6 – Health Care Equipment & Services: Cluster 6 has its technological focus on Medical …” „… this cluster are characterised by comparably low levels of technological diversification. The …” „… influence of sectoral innovation processes on the technological scope of life sciences companies. Table 19 …”

Research theses S. 109-110

„… diversification have changed. Since the 1980s multi-technological companies have continuously increased …” „… exploratory research strategy increases the technological diversity of the knowledge base (March, 1991, pp …” „… related diversification uses the existing technological capabilities to build up new technological …”

Selection of the firm sample S. 110-113

„… 110 Thesis 3: The trends in technological diversification have changed. Since the 1980s …” „… multi-technological companies have continuously increased their technological diversification. However, it is assumed …” „… that this trend has reversed in the new millennium. By expanding their technological portfolios …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845251356

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