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International and European Labour Law

Edoardo Ales (ed.), Mark Bell (ed.), Olaf Deinert (ed.), Sophie Robin-Olivier (ed.)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2018

Results in this title

Mark Bell Article 19 TFEU S. 23-26

„… Test-Achats ASBL and Others v Conseil des ministres [2011] ECR I-773Article 19 TFEU1. Without prejudice to the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5III. Material scope of Article 19 TFEU …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13I. ForewordArticle 19 TFEU finds its origins in a debate that developed during the 1990 s overthe …”

Laura Tebano Article 109 TFEU S. 126-133

„… ) TFEU.Nevertheless, European Union law does not in all circumstances require a national courtto disapply domestic …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2III. The relation between obligation to ensure compliance with Article 108(3)TFEU and principle of …” „… . Article 109 TFEU: the enabling regulation …”

Silvia Borelli Article 157 TFEU S. 176-188

„… access toand supply of goods and services19 was based on Article 19 TFEU.II. Relationship with other …” „… Article 8 TFEU.20III. Material Scope of Article 157 TFEUArticle 157 TFEU contains three different …” „… meaning of Article 157 TFEU“comprises any consideration, whether in cash or in kind, whether immediate or …”

Mark Bell Article 10 TFEU S. 21-23

„… on the Functioning of the European Union Art. 10 TFEUMark Bell 21202122I. ForewordArticle 10 TFEU …” „… in the TFEU and, indeed, some of the more specific treaty pro-visions, notably the commitments to ‘a …” „… high level of employment’ in Article 147(2)TFEU and ‘a high level of human health protection’ in …”

Jeff Kenner Article 9 TFEU S. 13-21

„… developing countries.46For a list of cases, see Article 157 TFEU in this commentary.Article 9 TFEUIn defining …” „… of the European Union Art. 9 TFEUJeff Kenner 154Application of Article 9 TFEU – mainstreaming social …” „… nominated.Trade agreementsGender mainstreaming should concern also EU trade policy.42 Indeed, Article 207TFEU …”

Giovanni Orlandini Article 48 TFEU S. 69-76

„… TFEU) and the freedom of establishment (art. 49TFEU).However, as opposed to Article 45, Article 48 does …” „… (Article 21(3) TFEU; Article 21, I). Article 79(2) TFEUhas, instead, provided for the legal basis to adopt …” „… therefore they find their legal basis in Articles 165 and 166 TFEU (ex 149 and 150 TEC).Upon these …”

Jeff Kenner Article 151 TFEU S. 143-150

„… the TFEU’s social policyprovisions fall outside the scope of EU law.22Balancing economic and social …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3I. OverviewArticle 150 TFEU establishes the EMCO with a key monitoring and advisory role.This is …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1II. Commentary on Article 151 TFEU …”

Samantha Velluti Article 148 TFEU S. 138-142

„… TFEU).Following an Impact Evaluation Report in 2002 and key Communications in whichthe Commission outlined a …” „… Council(Article 148 para 5 TFEU).Here lies the novelty of the use of soft law which was first considered in a more …” „… Article 147 TFEU, its importancewas acknowledged at EU level soon after the 2000 Lisbon European Council …”

Samantha Velluti Article 147 TFEU S. 136-138

„… TFEU, in line with its sister economic coordination process as per Article121(2) TFEU.II. Purpose and …” „… paramount objectives of the Union.Para 1 of Article 146 TFEU clearly shows this interconnectedness between …” „… policyregulation.Para 2 of Article 146 TFEU while preserving the autonomy of collective bargainingand social dialogue …”

Marco Peruzzi Article 175 TFEU S. 188-195

„… , such ac-Art. 174, 175 TFEU Part 1 Fundamental Provisions188 Marco Peruzzitions may be adopted by the …” „… was introduced as an autonomous and explicit EU com-petence with the Single European Act (art 174 TFEU …” „… were taken eitherunder specific provisions of the Treaty1 or according to art 352 TFEU.2 Since the …”

Giovanni Orlandini Article 21 TFEU S. 26-41

„… TFEUGiovanni Orlandini 271main feature of the Union citizenship (Article 20 TFEU), which was established by the …” „… IV. The Protected CharacteristicsArticle 19 TFEU does not provide any definition of the …” „… of protected characteristics found in Article 19TFEU is exhaustive and this Treaty provision does not …”

Edoardo Ales Article 153 TFEU S. 155-165

„… – WerkWörthECLI:EU:C:2012:399. Article 153 TFEU1. With a view to achieving the objectives of Article 151, the Union …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Art. 153 TFEU Part 1 Fundamental Provisions156 Edoardo AlesI. History of the provisionTogether …” „… with Article 19 TFEU (antidiscrimination), Article 153 can be regarded asthe cornerstone of the EU hard …”

Antonio Lo Faro Article 152 TFEU S. 150-155

„… . 11 June 1991 C-260/89 CJEU ERT [1991] ECR I-2925Article 152 TFEU1. The Union recognises and promotes …” „… ): https://ec.europa.eu/priorities/publications/five-presidents-report-completing-europes-economic-and-monetary-union_en.Art. 152 TFEU Part 1 Fundamental Provisions150 Antonio Lo Faro16Foreword …” „… theFunctioning of the European Union, Article 152 TFEU has been introduced into the EUlegal system in 2007 by the …”

Samantha Velluti Article 146 TFEU S. 135-136

„… Ar-ticle 145 TFEU, in line with its sister economic coordination process as per Article121(2) TFEU.II …” „… II. Purpose and functionThe coordinated strategy for employment envisaged in Article 145 TFEU is …” „… attainment of other objectives of the EU.Article 146 TFEU1. Member States, through their employment policies …”

Giovanni Orlandini Article 45 TFEU S. 41-66

„… granted by Article 18 TFEU.The Court of Justice has progressively widened the objective scope of …” „… TFEU1. Freedom of movement for workers shall be secured within the Union.2. Such freedom of movement …” „… beginning of partIII of the TFEU, “the internal market shall comprise an area without internal frontiers …”

Antonio Lo Faro Article 155 TFEU S. 165-176

„… and others ECLI:EU:C:2010:329Article 154 TFEU1. The Commission shall have the task of promoting the …” „… , unless the management and labour concerned and the Commission decidejointly to extend it.Article 155 TFEU …” „… possible way to illustrate the lengthy and composite provisions contained in Arti-cles 154 and 155 of TFEU …”

Anna Alaimo Article 101 TFEU S. 97-107

„… provisions of that agreement fall within the scope of Arti-cle 101, para. 1, TFEU.However, the final outcome …” „… , ‘undertakings’ within the meaning of Ar-ticle 101, para. 1, TFEU.It appears, therefore, that the ECJ, for the …” „… Article 101 TFEU.Lastly, in FNV, the Court has recognized the absence of a restriction of competitionalso …”

Anna Alaimo Article 106 TFEU S. 111-117

„… 106 TFEU.It is prohibited, however, the abuse, that, in the case of the monopoly reserved topublic …” „… assuch incompatible with Articles 102 and 106 TFEU.As we can see within Article 106, para. 1, what is …” „… of the TFEU.II. Paragraphs 2-3: undertakings entrusted with the operation ofservices of general …”

Article 145 TFEU S. 134-135

„… de-tail in Article 148 TFEU.The 1994 Essen European Council meeting represents a key milestone for this …” „… onEuropean Union.I. OverviewArticle 145 TFEU outlines the main purpose and function of the EES. It replaces …” „… involvement of both the Member States and the Union.This provision, together with Article 148 TFEU, details …”

Giovanni Orlandini Article 46 TFEU S. 66-68

„… latter wereadopted not on the grounds of Article 46 TFEU, but on the basis of Article 21(2) TFEU(above …” „… standard of living and level of employment in the variousregions and industries.Art. 46 TFEU Part 1 …” „… Fundamental Provisions66 Giovanni OrlandiniArticle 46 TFEU confers to the EU institutions (Parliament and …”

Anna Alaimo Article 102 TFEU S. 107-111

„… 106 TFEU.It is prohibited, however, the abuse, that, in the case of the monopoly reserved topublic …” „… contains the second basic rule of competition.While Article 101 TFEU touches upon coordinated behaviors …” „… common market may beregarded an undertaking in a dominant position under Article 102 TFEU3.In most cases …”

Samantha Velluti Article 150 TFEU S. 142-143

„… include harmonisation of the laws and regulations of theMember States.I. OverviewArticle 149 TFEU is …” „… ordinary legislative procedure envisaged in Ar-ticle 294 TFEU, which are designed to support the …” „… para 1 of Article 149 TFEU, the main function of these incentive mea-sures is to foster the cooperation …”

Massimo Pallini Article 62 TFEU S. 77-94

„… TFEU.The full application of the employment law of the State where the service is beingprovided only …” „… linchpins of EU law (Articles 56-62TFEU; formerly, Articles 49-55 TEC). Its recognition requires Member …” „… TFEU, which covers any activity provided for consid-eration that is not regulated by the other freedoms …”

Samantha Velluti Article 149 TFEU S. 142

Silvia Borelli Article 8 TFEU S. 7-13

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1II. Material scope of Article 8 TFEU …” „… obligation of gender mainstreaming was then confirmed by the Treaty of Lisbon(Article 8 TFEU) that also …” „… from being reached.However, following the insertion of Article 8 TFEU, gender mainstreaming has …”

Laura Tebano Article 108 TFEU S. 125-126

„… rationale.40VII. List of casesFor a list of cases, see Article 109 TFEU.Article 108 TFEU1. The Commission …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2III. The relation between obligation to ensure compliance with Article 108(3)TFEU and principle of …” „… . Article 109 TFEU: the enabling regulation …”

Laura Tebano Article 107 TFEU S. 117-125

„… VII. List of casesFor a list of cases, see Article 109 TFEU.Article 108 TFEU1. The Commission shall …” „… 107 TFEU1. Save as otherwise provided in the Treaties, any aid granted by a Member State orthrough …” „… : The Quest for Effectiveness’ (2015) 4 EStAL 459.Art. 107 TFEU Part 1 Fundamental Provisions118 …”

Massimo Pallini Article 56 TFEU S. 76

„… same condi-tions as are imposed by that State on its own nationals.Article 58 TFEU1. Freedom to provide …” „… effected in step with the liberalisation of movement of capital.Article 59 TFEU1. In order to achieve the …” „… directives.Art. 59 TFEU Part 1 Fundamental Provisions76 Massimo Pallini …”

Article 57 TFEU S. 76

Article 58 TFEU S. 76

Article 59 TFEU S. 76-77

Giovanni Orlandini Article 47 TFEU S. 68-69

„… joint programme, encourage the ex-change of young workers.Article 47 TFEU – a norm remained unchanged …” „… 156/8.Art. 47 TFEU Part 1 Fundamental Provisions68 Giovanni Orlandini4512therefore they find their …” „… legal basis in Articles 165 and 166 TFEU (ex 149 and 150 TEC).Upon these norms was grounded the adoption …”

Antonio Lo Faro Article 154 TFEU S. 165

Marco Peruzzi Article 174 TFEU S. 188

„… , such ac-Art. 174, 175 TFEU Part 1 Fundamental Provisions188 Marco Peruzzi …” „… 174 TFEUIn order to promote its overall harmonious development, the Union shall developand pursue its …” „… population density and island, cross-border and mountain regionsArticle 175 TFEUMember States shall conduct …”

Samantha Velluti Pre. Articles 145-150 TFEU S. 133-134

„… outlined in de-tail in Article 148 TFEU.The 1994 Essen European Council meeting represents a key milestone …” „… TFEU22 October 2014 C-620/13 P CJEU British Telecommunications plc v EuropeanCommissionEU:C:2014:2309 …” „… 107 TFEU4 September 2014 C-533/12 P andC-536/12 PCJEU Société nationale maritime Corse-Méditer-ranée …”

Anna Alaimo Pre. Articles 101–106 TFEU S. 94-97

„… . 101–106 TFEUAnna Alaimo 9512345the Article 9 TFEU3; the Article 152 TFEU on the promotion of European …” „… lavoro e re-Pre. Art. 101–106 TFEU Part 1 Fundamental Provisions94 Anna Alaimo61gole della concorrenza …” „… mar-ket is still profuse, especially within the Title VIII of the TFEU – dedicated to the Econo-mic and …”

Article 60 TFEU S. 77

„… promote trade in goods.Article 60 TFEUThe Member States shall endeavour to undertake the liberalisation of …” „… shall make recommendations to the MemberStates concerned.Article 61 TFEUAs long as restrictions on …” „… meaning of the firstparagraph of Article 56.Article 62 TFEUThe provisions of Articles 51 to 54 shall apply …”

Article 61 TFEU S. 77

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXXII

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1CHAPTER ITREATY ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE EUROPEAN UNIONArticle 8 TFEU …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Article 9 TFEU …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Article 10 TFEU …”

Ellen Birkhahn, Ulla Gläßer Directive 2008/52/EC on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters S. 1650-1678

„… Abuse of a dominant position1 I Art. 102 TFEU 10Abuse of rights– concept 1 II Art. 54 CFREU 1 …” „… 37 et seqq.Antitrust Law– highly Competitive Social Market Economy1 I Pre. Art. 101–106 TFEU 1 et …” „… victims 2 II Dir. 2000/43 44, 52Autonomy of social partners1 I Art. 152 TFEU 11Balanced representation 8 …”

Annick Masselot, Bridgette McLellan Directive 86/378/EEC on equal treatment in occupational social security and pension schemes S. 481-495

„… Article 157 TFEU.IV. Article 9: Examples of discriminationArticle 9: Examples of Discrimination1 …” „… Article 352 TFEU (ex Article 235 EEC), and in accordance with Article3(3) of Directive 79/7/EEC.2 …” „… surrounding when an occupational social security scheme is to be consideredpay, as defined in Article 157 TFEU …”

Edoardo Ales, Mark Bell Fundamental Provisions: Introduction S. 1-7

„… TFEUprovisions in areas like competition law or state aid are included in this chapter as a con-sequence.The TFEU …” „… European Union (TFEU). The TEU is a shorter docu-ment that includes core provisions on the Union’s aims …” „… , its democratic principles and itsinstitutions. In contrast, the TFEU is a lengthy document that …”

Daniel Ulber Article 28 CFREU Right of collective bargaining and action S. 1457-1492

„… as well as the right to perform collective actions. This finding is support-ed by Article 152 TFEU.A …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89c) Competition law (Article 101 TFEU …” „… competition provision in Article 101, para 1 of the Treaty onthe Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) when …”

Edoardo Ales, Mark Bell, Olaf Deinert, Sophie Robin-Olivier General Introduction S. XXXIII-XLVII

„… , such as Regulations or Directives (mentioned at Article 288 TFEU).The Part of this book devoted to …” „… European Union (TFEU) and cer-tain ILO instruments, such as those concerning labour administration …” „… ‘provisions having general application’, whichinclude social objectives. Article 8 TFEU5 states that ‘in all …”

Silvia Borelli Article 23 CFREU Equality between women and men S. 209-214

„… differentlegal bases, some involving social partners in the decision-making (Article 153 TFEU),some requiring …” „… 8 TFEU, establishes anobligation of gender mainstreaming to all EU institutions, bodies, offices and …” „… qualified majority voting (Article 157(3) TFEU), some requiring unan-imity (Article 19 TFEU). Moreover, the …”

Mark Bell Article 21 CFREU Non-discrimination S. 203-209

„… Article 19 TFEUArticle 19 TFEU permits the Union to take appropriate action to combat discrimina-tion on …” „… ameans of circumventing the limits to Union powers laid down in Article 19 TFEU.Relationship to EU …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31. Relationship to Article 19 TFEU …”

Ségolène Barbou des Places Directive 2014/54/EU on measures facilitating the exercise of rights conferred on workers in the context of freedom of movement for workers S. 800-806

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12I. ForewordThe short Directive 2014/54, which legal basis is Article 46 TFEU, was supported …” „… legislative proposal in order to sup-port mobile workers in the exercise of rights derived from the TFEU and …” „… Article 45 TFEU and by Articles 1 to 10 of Regulation (EU) No 492/2011. ThisDirective applies to Union …”

Olaf Deinert Introduction: Collective Organisation and Action S. 1454-1457

„… agreement (now Articles154, 155 TFEU).8In the context of social dialogue, a discussion on collective action …” „… freedom to bargain collectively is laid down in thesocial policy instruments of the TFEU. According to …” „… Article 153(5) TFEU the EuropeanUnion has no competence to legislate on the right to organise, strike and …”

Helen Stalford Article 32 CFREU Prohibition of child labour and protection of young people at work S. 219-225

„… age as well as any measures aimed at protecting them against1 Others include Article 24.2 Art 153 TFEU …” „… .3 Art 151 TFEU.4 Art 165 TFEU.5 The EU’s strategy for protecting the rights of the child is …” „… also in-troduced new legal bases into the TFEU to support concrete EU legislative interventionin areas …”

Article 30 CFREU Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal S. 219

Article 31 CFREU Fair and just working conditions S. 219

Sudabeh Kamanabrou, Anne Christin Wietfeld Directive 2010/18/EU implementing the revised Framework Agreement on parental leave concluded by BUSINESSEUROPE, UEAPME, CEEP and ETUC S. 1026-1049

„… are based on Treaty on the Functioning of the Euro-pean Union (TFEU) art 153-155. Pursuant to TFEU art …” „… treatment at work (TFEU art 153 para 1 lit. i)).6Regulatory framework of the DirectiveThe Directive is …” „… CFREU art 23 and TFEU art 157 arerelevant to the Parental Leave Directive. TFEU art 157 has been subject …”

Article 29 CFREU Right of access to placement services S. 218-219

Sylvaine Laulom Article 30 CFREU Protection in the event of unjustified dismissal S. 942-948

„… 2017).16 See Article 153(1)(d) TFEU which allows the Union to ‘support and complement the activities of …” „… under Article 49 TFEU. For theECJ, the Greek law, which requires employers to obtain administrative …” „… TFEU, that Article 30 CFREU shows up in the decision (§ 89),to strike a balance between Article 49 TFEU …”

Alexandre Defossez Directive 96/71/EC concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services S. 643-664

„… ., § 18.62 Case 369/96, 23/11/1999, Arblade, ECR I-08453.63 Directive 2003/88/EC.64 Art. 153.5 TFEU.Dir …” „… Art. 57 and 66 TEC now 53 and 62 TFEU.9 SECO (fn 5).Dir. 96/71 Part 3 Workers’ Mobility644 …” „… the lack of reference toTFEU social provisions in the PWD.14First of all, we’ll deal with the notion …”

Olaf Deinert Introduction: Working Conditions S. 934-937

„… socialpolicy, which is nowadays laid down in article 153 TFEU. Besides health and safety mat-ters, the social …” „… policy competences in article 153 TFEU only cover the adoption of direc-tives. Therefore, the secondary …” „… competence, article16 TFEU on data protection, which allows for the adoption of regulations. This regu-lation …”

Jule Mulder Directive 2006/54/EC on the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities and equal treatment of men and women in matters of employment and occupation (recast) S. 547-586

„… TFEU.Traditionally, equal pay and equal treatment had been considered separately. The dis-tinctions were not always …” „… relevant regarding the application of Article 157 TFEU.II. Article 2Article 2 Definitions1. For the …” „… with effect from 15 August 2009 (Article 34). Additionally,Article 157 TFEU, which is directly …”

Sara Benedi Lahuerta Directive 2000/43/EC implementing the principle of equal treatment between persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin S. 495-520

„… 19 TFEU (ex article 13 EC), established the EU competence to enact legislation to pro-hibit …” „… two separate Direc-tives to implement article 19 TFEU: a horizontal Directive prohibiting …” „… protected against nationality discrimination under article 18 TFEU, whilst third-country nationals have been …”

Sophie Robin-Olivier Non-Standard Work: Introduction S. 868-872

„… (now incorporated in Articles 154-155 TFEU) led to theconclusion of two cross-industry agreements on …” „… consultation of Social Partners underArticle 154 TFEU on a possible revision of the Written Statement Directive …” „… recourse to the procedure laid down in Article 154TFEU, the Commission consulted management and labour on …”

Daniel Ulber ILO Convention 94 Labour Clauses (Public Contracts) Convention, 1949 (No. 94) S. 840-848

„… limitation of the freedom to provide services (Article 56TFEU).13 The ECJ holds that Article 56 TFEU and …” „… procurement law. The ECJ has not stated whether ILO Convention No. 94violates the TFEU and whether Member …” „… consequence (see Article 351,para 2 TFEU). The Convention does not cover cross-border supply contracts.15The …”

Jean-Philippe Lhernould Directive 97/81/EC concerning the Framework Agreement on part-time work S. 872-882

„… recourse to the procedure laid down in Article 154TFEU, the Commission consulted management and labour on …” „… concept of pay under Article 157 TFEU and in line with that of theframework agreement on fixed-term work.7 …” „… concept of “pay” such as de-fined under Art. 157 TFEU: “‘pay’ means the ordinary basic or minimum wage or …”

Elaine Dewhurst Introduction: Labour Rights of Third-Country National Workers in the European Union S. 806-840

„… position of Denmark, annexed to the TEU and to the TFEU,Denmark is not taking part in the adoption of this …” „… the Directives considered here is, therefore, Article79(2) of the TFEU (ex-Article 63(3) and (4) TEC …” „… TFEU (ex-Article 137 TEC) which relates to em-ployment protection, given that the Directives all …”

Sylvaine Laulom Directive 98/59/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to collective redundancies S. 981-996

„… legislation is compatible with theDirective 98/59 and with the freedom of establishment under Article 49 TFEU …” „… and thefree movement of capital under Article 63 TFEU, in particular if there are serious …” „… compatible with Article 49TFEU on freedom of establishment, interpreted in the light of Article 16 of the …”

Andreas Bücker Directive 91/533/EEC on an employer’s obligation to inform employees of the conditions applicable to the contract or employment relationship S. 948-958

„… Andreas Bücker234from Article 45 TFEU17 and it also does not define the scope of application …” „… ruled in a subsequent decision that Article 56 and 57TFEU do not preclude legislation of a Member State …” „… based onArticle 100 EEC (today Article 115 TFEU), aims at overcoming differences in the legisla-tion of …”

Martina Benecke Directive 92/85/EEC on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding S. 1252-1268

„… . 118 a) TFEU (Health and Safety) but explicitly also on Art. 157 TFEU (equalpay for male and female …” „… concerningprotection. It is a consequence of the principle in Art. 153 TFEU para 2 lit. b, wherebythe protection …” „… ECJ, neither theDirective, nor the principle of equal pay (nowadays Art. 157 TFEU) require a claim …”

Myriam Benlolo Directive 2004/38/EC on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States S. 692-713

„… Article 7(1)(b) of theCRD (below). Referring to Zhu and Chen, it held that “while Article 21 TFEU and …” „… members who are third-countries nationals do not have any autonomousright under Article 21 TFEU and the …” „… , especially Article 45 of the TFEU.43 Of course, the CRD adopts a very broadinterpretation of what is a …”

Elise Muir, Lisa Waddington Directive 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation S. 520-547

„… Directive’2 was thesecond directive to be adopted on the basis of Article 13 TEC (now Article 19 TFEU).The …” „… 157 TFEU on equal pay for work of equal value between men andwomen. According to that article, ‘pay …” „… EqualityDirective from that used in Article 153(5) TFEU. Article 153(5) TFEU is understood aspreventing EU …”

Directive 89/391/EEC on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work Edoardo Ales S. 1210-1242

„… Article 117 TEC (nowArt. 151 TFEU).More specifically, the idea was to establish an action programme for …” „… TFEU),Member States shall pay particular attention to encouraging improvements, especially inthe working …” „… Article 118a(3) TEC (now Article153(4) TFEU), according to which EU measures “shall not prevent any Member …”

Orsola Razzolini Directive 2010/41/EU on the application of the principle of equal treatment between men and women S. 586-602

„… ’, mentioned by Article 157 TFEU, provides that ‘for the purposes of thatprovision, there must be considered as …” „… (Dir. 2003/88/EC)25, the pregnant worker directive(Dir. 92/85/EC)26 and Article 157 TFEU (equal pay).27 …” „… collective negotiation between employers and ‘false self-employed’ from thescope of Article 101(1) TFEU …”

Ségolène Barbou des Places Regulation (EU) 492/2011 on freedom of movement for workers within the Union S. 785-800

„… . Here again, and this departs from the mostrestrictive approach of Article 45 TFEU, Regulation 492/2011 …” „… unexpected, given that, under Article 345 TFEU, “the Treaties shall in no wayprejudice the rules in Member …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12I. ForewordThe short Directive 2014/54, which legal basis is Article 46 TFEU, was supported …”

Olaf Deinert Introduction: Dispute Resolution S. 1636-1637

„… nationalprocedural law.1 The preliminary ruling procedure set out in Article 267 TFEU is onlyan intermediate stage in …”

Mark Bell Introduction S. 641-643

„… Treaty on the Func-tioning of the European Union (TFEU) includes the right to free movement for EU …”

Valérie Michel Directive 2005/36/EC on the recognition of professional qualifications S. 713-785

„… fall within thescope of article 56 TFEU.The benefit of mutual recognition is subject to several …”

Mark Bell Article 20 CFREU Equality before the law S. 200-203

„… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31. Relationship to Article 19 TFEU …”

Annick Masselot, Bridgette McLellan Directive 79/7/EEC on the progressive implementation of the principle of equal treatment for men and women in matters of social security S. 466-481

„… TFEU (ex Article 235 EEC). Directive 79/7/EEC ensures the progressive implemen-tation of the principle …” „… Article 352 TFEU (ex Article 235 EEC), and in accordance with Article3(3) of Directive 79/7/EEC.2 …”

Hélène Tissandier Directive 2008/94/EC on the protection of employees in the event of the insolvency of their employerOJ 2008 L 283/36-42. S. 1012-1026

„… ; 115 TFEU) even if it is doubtful whether it can contribute to avoid distortionsof competition in …” „… 137 EC (Article 153 TFEU), in order to balance eco-nomic and social objectives.PurposeThe objective is …”

Edoardo Ales Article 27 CFREU Workers’ right to information and consultation within the undertaking S. 214-218

„… As in Article 157(4) TFEU, positive action shall be in favour of the underrepresentedsex. This …”

Adalberto Perulli The Declaration of Philadelphia (DoP) S. 361-375

„… imposed through the respect of5.31 Supiot (n 2) 132.32 Hepple (n 14) 127.33 Art. 9, TFEU.DoP Part 1 …” „… self-employed’ (theCourt decided that an agreement would fall outside the scope of article 101 TFEU if …”

Pascale Lorber Directive 2002/14/EC establishing a general framework for informing and consulting employees in the European Community S. 1551-1567

„… Article 154 TFEU on a consoli-dation of the EU Directives on information and consultation of workers, C …” „… Commission, First phase consultation of Social Partners under Article 154 TFEU on a con-solidation of the EU …”

Emmanuelle Mazuyer Article 4 RESC The right to a fair remuneration S. 272-277

„… competence under article 157 TFEU to adopt a directive onthe issue of pay. Neither is there any reference to …”

Mark Bell Article 14 ECHR Prohibition of discrimination S. 461-466

„… TFEU (ex Article 235 EEC). Directive 79/7/EEC ensures the progressive implemen-tation of the principle …”

Felix Welti ILO Convention 159 Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons) Convention, 1983 (No. 159) S. 635-641

„… that are also applicable in this field. The Treaty on the Func-tioning of the European Union (TFEU …”

Martina Benecke Directive 94/33/EC on the protection of young people at work S. 1268-1285

„… basis was(then) Art. 118 a EEC, later Art. 138 EEC and now Art. 153 TFEU. On this base the Di-rective …” „… provision is annulled,because then-Art. 118 a EEC (later Art. 138 EEC, now Art. 153 TFEU) does not providea …”

Edoardo Ales Article 29 CFREU Right of access to placement services S. 195-200

„… Article 45-48 TFEU in this book.3 See the Comment by E Ales under Article 31 CFREU in this book.4 E Ales …”

Fabienne Jault-Seseke Regulation (EC) No 1215/2012 on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters (Brussels I Recast) S. 1643-1650

„… the employer.9 Furthermore,the ECJ referred to other texts (Article 45 TFEU; Directive 92/85/EEC) to …”

Vito Leccese Directive 2003/88/EC concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time S. 1285-1321

„… Dir. 2003/88 wasapproved (cf. now art. 153(1)(a) TFEU).In 1993 the pursuit of the objective resulted …” „… been re-peated in art. 151 TFEU.A precise development of the same prospect is also contained in arts …”

Iacopo Senatori Directive 2009/38/EC on the establishment of a European Works Council S. 1601-1636

„… Article 138 of the Treaty (nowart 154 TFEU).The formation of the SNB and the rules on decision-makingThe …” „… consulta-tion procedure under art 154 (formerly art 138) TFEU has been very limited, due in partto the openly …”

Marta Otto Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (General Data Protection Regulation – GDPR) S. 958-981

„… Member States when adopted pursuant to Art288 (2) TFEU. National courts and authorities will not resort …” „… EuropeanCourt is competent to interpret under the preliminary ruling procedure (Art 267 (1) (b)TFEU).’6II …”

Silvia Borelli Article 33 CFREU Family and professional life S. 225-234

„… Document, Second-stage consultation of the social partners at Europeanlevel under Article 154 TFEU on …”

Etienne Pataut Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I) – Articles 8 and 9 S. 664-674

„… Treaty in 1999. The Amsterdam Treatyadded to the EC Treaty article 65 (now article 81 TFEU) which gave …”

Edoardo Ales Directive 91/383/EEC supplementing the measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of workers with a fixed-duration employment relationship or a temporary employment relationship S. 1242-1252

„… TEC (now Article 153(4) TFEU), it shall not prejudice the existenceor the introduction of national …”

Jean-Philippe Lhernould Directive 2008/104/EC on temporary agency work S. 894-906

„… ordinary pro-cedure laid down in Article 294 TFEU. Council Directive (EC) No. 2008/104 of 19November 2008 …”

Alexandre Defossez Directive 2014/67/EU on the enforcement of Directive 96/71/EC concerning the posting of workers in the framework of the provision of services S. 677-692

„… envisioned in article 291 TFEU. It ismore of a complementary instrument that should be read in parallel with …”

Sylvaine Laulom Directive 2001/23/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the safeguarding of employees’ rights S. 996-1012

„… consultation of So-cial Partners under Article 154 TFEU on a consolidation of the EU Directives on infor-mation …”

Iacopo Senatori Directive 2003/72/EC supplementing the Statute for a European Cooperative Society with regard to the involvement of employees S. 1567-1592

„… companies and firms under the meaning of art 54 TFEU, i.e. those “con-stituted under civil or commercial law …”

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European State Aid Law

Frank Montag (ed.), Franz Jürgen Säcker (ed.)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2017

Results in this title

ARTICLE 108 TFEU S. 1510-1553

„… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH o:/Beck/Montag_Saecker/3d/014_PART IX_Article 108 TFEU.3d from …” „… 22.07.2016 14:23:22 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm PART IX ARTICLE 108 TFEU 1. The Commission …” „… 108 TFEU.3d from 22.07.2016 14:23:22 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Ludwigs …”

ARTICLE 109 TFEU S. 1650-1665

„… Reemers Publishing Services GmbH o:/Beck/Montag_Saecker/3d/016_PART XI_Article 109 TFEU.3d from …” „… 22.07.2016 14:25:12 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm PART XI ARTICLE 109 TFEU The Council, on a …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 1. Article 103 TFEU …”

ARTICLE 107 TFEU S. 52-295

„… 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm PART II ARTICLE 107 TFEU Content A. Basic principles …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 II. Relationship with other provisions of the Treaty (except Article 106 TFEU …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 1. Special conditions in comparison with Articles 107 et seqq. TFEU 19 a) Provisions relating to …”

SERVICES OF GENERAL ECONOMIC INTEREST (SGEI) S. 296-383

„… . Application of Article 107 TFEU to compensation granted for the provision of SGEI …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 C. Exemptions pursuant Article 106(2) TFEU and the SGEI Framework . . . 59 I. Purpose of Article …” „… 106(2) TFEU within State aid law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 II. Scope of applicability …”

JUDICIAL PROTECTION AT EU-LEVEL S. 1666-1717

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 II. Action for annulment, Articles 263 and 264 TFEU (ex Articles 230, 231 TEC …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 III. Actions for failure to act, Articles 265 and 266 TFEU (ex Articles 232 and 233 TEC …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 IV. Action for damages, Article 340(2) TFEU (ex Article 288(2) TEC) . . . 155 1. Introduction …”

RULES FOR EXAMINING AID IN SPECIFIC SECTORS S. 1164-1509

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 a) Article 107(1) TFEU: Presence of aid …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 b) Article 106 (2) TFEU: Service of general economic interest. . . . 22 c) Article 52 GBER …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 d) Article 107(3) TFEU: Compatibility with the internal market . 24 2. NGA networks …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XXXVIII

„… et seq. of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and their predecessors. Through …” „… ................................. 48 PART II ARTICLE 107 TFEU …” „… ................................................................................................................... 59 II. Relationship with other provisions of the Treaty (except Article 106 TFEU …”

FINANCIAL TRANSFERS AND TRANSACTIONS S. 978-1109

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 e) Legal Basis and the Relationship to Art. 109 TFEU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 C …” „… undertakings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 a) State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU …” „… . Existence of aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU. . . . . . 215 a) General …”

INTRODUCTION S. 2-51

„… based on the fundamental market freedoms laid down in the TFEU.1 In order for markets to function …” „… not merely by a private undertaking, as is the case with State aid law.2 3 Articles 101 et seq. TFEU …” „… and Articles 107 et seq. TFEU are mutually exclusive. Only where Member States have not been involved …”

TAX MEASURES S. 1110-1163

„… of EU market integration as enshrined in the various provisions of the TFEU’s internal market chapter …” „… , distortion of competition, effect on trade) of Article 107(1) TFEU, they are automatically rendered illegal …” „… tax). 7 Cf. Article 108 TFEU; Reg. 659/1999, OJ 1999 L 83/1. 8 Cf. e. g. ECJ, Cases C-387/92 – Banco …”

COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) NO 659/1999 S. 1554-1649

„… 109(1) TFEU—and therefore the Procedural Regulation—could not change primary Union law.33 The ruling …” „… Regulation1 was adopted on the basis of Article 109 TFEU and entered into force on 11 June 1999. The …” „… Article 108 TFEU and developed by case law and Commission practice until the Procedural Regulation was …”

COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) NO 651/2014 S. 384-887

„… subject to the notification obligation pursuant to Article 108(3) TFEU.4 2 The Group Exemption Regulation …” „… applies to State aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU without defining the respective State aid …” „… ) compatible with the Common Market and not subject to the notification requirement under Article 108(3) TFEU …”

RESCUE AND RESTRUCTURING AID S. 888-977

„… aid is typically assessed and approved under Article 107(3)c TFEU, which allows to aid to ‘facilitate …” „… measure must aim at an objective of common interest in accordance with Art. 107 para. 3 TFEU (No. 38 lit …” „… application of Article 107 TFEU (then Article 92 EEC-Treaty). 72 Com., OJ 2005 L 150/24, No. 24 et seq …”

Index S. 1718-1749

„… other provisions of the Treaty II 654 et seq. Arbitrary allocation of costs V 61 Article 109 TFEU XI 1 …” „… . – relationshipt to other provisions of TFEU II 18 et seq. – State commercial monopoly II 53 – territorial scope …” „… insurance 2012 VI 429 et seq. – concept of aid within the meaning of Article 107(1) TFEU VI 443 et seq …”

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EU Social Security Law

Maximilian Fuchs (ed.), Robertus Cornelissen (ed.)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2015

Results in this title

Article 45 TFEU Rose Langer S. 38-51

„… scope of EC law is defined in Art. 52 TEU and Art. 355 TFEU.Community law applies, for example, in the …” „… Parliament elections in a State otherthan the State of origin (Art. 22 TFEU).Third-party effectThe right to …” „… social legislation in the light of theaims of Art. 45 TFEU in as far as there are no clear provisions in …”

Article 48 TFEU Rose Langer S. 51-58

„… general prohibition of discrimination (Art. 18 TFEU).For this reason a student whose right to residence …” „… to the core area of publicservices, he/she enjoys the same rights deriving from Art. 45 TFEU in the …” „… possibleharmonisation of social security legislation (Art. 153 TFEU). However, this pos-Part 1: Articles 45 and 48 TFEU …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-17

„… : Articles 45 and 48 TFEU – WorkersOverview …” „… ........................................................................................... 19TFEU .................................................................................Article 45 21 …” „… TFEU .................................................................................Article 48 34Part …”

Overview Rose Langer S. 36-38

„… Part 1:Articles 45 and 48 TFEU – WorkersConsolidated versions of the Treaty on European Union …” „… Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Together with thefreedom of establishment and freedom to provide …” „… TFEU). In addition Art. 45 of the Charter of the Fundamental Rights of theEuropean Union includes an …”

Introduction Maximilian Fuchs/Rob CornelissenIntroduction S. 18-36

„… require-ment of Art. 48 TFEU. The legal sources commented upon are therefore:– Regulation (EC) 883/2004 of the …” „… the governments concerned.Since Art. 51 of the EEC Treaty (now Art. 48 TFEU = Art. 42 EC) set out …” „… out in Art. 48 TFEU. Accord-ing to the explicit wording of the Article, the concern is to adopt …”

Article 4 Equality of treatment Bettina Kahil-Wolff S. 118-135

„… Article, however, is broader. The provision iterates thecontent of Art. 18 and 45 TFEU (ex-Art. 12 and 39 …” „… discrimina-tion based on nationality” Art. 45 TFEU), such as discrimination related to liv-ing and working …” „… TFEU “in all situa-tions” falling within the scope ratione materiae of EU law (Case C-184/99(Grzelczyk …”

Part 3: Association Agreements S. 553-571

„… to the Coordination of Social Security . . . . . . 12I.OverviewPursuant to Article 217 TFEU (ex-Art …” „… now part of the very broad action of the Union on theinternational scene described by Art. 205 TFEU …” „… basis of Art. 79 TFEU (ex-art. 63 TEC) related to theArea of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ). In …”

Article 36 Right to benefits in kind and in cash Maximilian Fuchs S. 317-327

„… TFEU,provided this concerns medical treatment and the procurement of medicines,remedies and adjuvants.Conditions …” „… TFEU (CJEU, Case C-205/05 (Nemec), EU:C:2006:705). Itpointed out that the protected freedom of movement …” „… movement conferred on them by the TFEU. The Courtpoints out that a national legislation that only wishes to …”

Overview Karl-Jürgen Bieback S. 209-226

„… . 56 TFEU/Directive 2011/24/EU. However, as such groups of persons enjoy complete free-dom of movement …” „… TFEU/Directive 2011/24/EU, which for the most part refutes the regulations ofArt. 20 (see para. 10 et seq.and 18 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5III. Two-tier approach: rights deriving from Reg. No. 883/2004 anddirectly from Art 56 TFEU and …”

Article 63 Special provisions for the waiving of residence rules Maximilian Fuchs S. 400

„… . 7 – in fulfilmentof the objective of Art. 48 (b) TFEU. At the same time the provision includes …” „… (= Art. 21 TFEU), because the residence clause was objectively justified.The Case Petersen involved the …” „… assessed this bene-fit in the light of Art. 30 EC (now Art. 45 TFEU). It justified this with the argu-ment …”

Article 9 Declaration of the Members States on the scope of this Regulation S. 156-159

„… and the TFEU as well entered into force; meaning a point in time in which theemployee could not avail …” „… of Art. 45 TFEU (= Art. 39 EC Treaty) in the statewhere he was working. The Court stated that the …” „… , Art. 45 TFEU (= Art. 39 EC Treaty) precludes a national provision by aMember State that grants …”

Article 3 Material Scope Maximilian Fuchs S. 94-118

„… workers, the Council has not fully discharged its obligation under Art. 48TFEU.Inclusion of civil servants …” „… .1408/71.PrinciplesPursuant to Art. 48 TFEU, which is intended to protect the legal position ofworkers with …” „… thereforebe attributed to the fact that the goal of free movement pursued by the TFEU isintended as the basis …”

Article 7 Waiving of residence rules Rolf Schuler S. 146-150

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11I. Spirit and PurposeArt. 7 realises the coordination task of Art. 48 TFEU, whereby payment …” „… workers and Unioncitizens under Community law (Art. 45, 21(1) TFEU) and to prevent the legaldisadvantage …” „… ) TFEU. However, the resi-dence requirement can also be regarded as an indirect or covert form of …”

Overview Maximilian Fuchs S. 313-317

„… monopoly position is compatible with the TFEU.This question first emerged in connection with the Italian …” „… undertaking within the mean-ing of Art. 101 TFEU.Referring directly to the principles developed in the Case …” „… the Italian accident insurance monopoly was compatible with the provi-sions of the TFEU concerning …”

Overview S. 353-357

„… law, which arise as a result of pro-tecting freedom of movement in accordance with Art. 45 TFEU (= Art …” „… than one Member State (Art. 46 (1)), the taskof Art. 48 TFEU (= Art. 42 EC) was honoured and periods in …” „… to the coordination of thepension schemes in the Member States Art. 48 TFEU (ex Art. 42 EC …”

Article 70 General provision S. 432-440

„… reason it is embodied in Art. 48 (b) TFEU.However, para. 4 puts this principle aside. This raises the …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18a) Compatibility with Art. 48 TFEU …” „… question as to whetherthis provision is in tune with Art. 48 TFEU. The CJEU has answered thisquestion in …”

Article 23 Right to benefits in kind under the legislation of the Member State of residence Rolf Schuler S. 284-286

„… in Section 2 do not fall directly under the coordina-tion task of Art. 48 TFEU, because this refers …” „… )(d)TFEU at the end of their working lives migrant workers and migrant self-em-ployed persons have a right …” „… of stay plus rights deriving from Union citizenshipin accordance with Art. 21 TFEU or rather …”

Article 72 Tasks of the Administrative Commission Rob Cornelissen S. 441-453

„… level (Art. 154 TFEU)Article 71Composition and working methods of the AdministrativeCommission(1) The …” „… theframework of the TFEU from a constitutional point of view (see below).II. CommentaryNatureIn spite of its …” „… . 267 TFEU. Until now theCourt has never been approached with a request for such interpretation. In …”

Overview Bettina Kahil-Wolff S. 58-67

„… repeat the rules laid down in Art. 48 TFEU; theyare as old as the European Communities. The rule provided …” „… of the Regulations which apply to the territories of the MemberStates (Art. 355 TFEU = ex-Article 299 …” „… that it is applicable only to transnation-al situations (cf. Art. 45 TFEU), that it is binding and …”

Article 2 Persons covered S. 87-94

„… Reg. No. 987/2009 is alegal act within the meaning of Art. 288 (2) TFEU and thus equally as bindingand …” „… coordination it was not possible to include third country nationals al-ready in Art. 2 as Art. 48 TFEU was …” „… these persons and Art. 79(2)(b) TFEU had to be used which necessitateda separated Regulation (CJEU …”

Article 6 Aggregation of periods Rolf Schuler S. 141-146

„… of aggregation is laiddown in Art. 48 TFEU. It prevents periods relevant for the acquisition or …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11I. Spirit and PurposeArt. 7 realises the coordination task of Art. 48 TFEU, whereby payment …” „… workers and Unioncitizens under Community law (Art. 45, 21(1) TFEU) and to prevent the legaldisadvantage …”

Overview Maximilian Fuchs S. 388-391

„… theEEC Treaty (now Art. 45 et seq. TFEU).The first pillar of social law in this respect was the objective …” „… assigned inArt. 48 TFEU to establish a European coordination law with the key principlesof aggregation of …” „… Reg. (ECC) No. 1612/68), enacted due to the legal basis inArt. 46 (d) TFEU. Cross-border unemployment …”

Overview Rolf Schuler S. 281-284

„… coordina-tion task of Art. 48 TFEU, because this refers to the freedom of movement ofworkers. There are however …” „… consequences. In accordance with Art. 45 (3)(d)TFEU at the end of their working lives migrant workers and …” „… accordance with Art. 21 TFEU or rather Directive 2004/38 EC, provided theyfulfil the conditions laid down …”

Article 8 Relations between this Regulation and other coordination instruments S. 150-156

„… TFEU =Art. 39-42 EC Treaty, if workers who avail of this right would lose benefits thatwere granted to …” „… TFEU as well entered into force; meaning a point in time in which theemployee could not avail of Art …” „… . 45 TFEU (= Art. 39 EC Treaty) in the statewhere he was working. The Court stated that the situation …”

Article 64 Unemployed persons going to another Member State Maximilian Fuchs S. 400-406

Article 62 Calculation of benefits Maximilian Fuchs S. 396-400

„… objective of Art. 48 (b) TFEU. At the same time the provision includes aproviso whereby provisions in the …” „… , how-ever, it did not recognise a violation of the freedom of movement rule in Art. 18EC (= Art. 21 TFEU …” „… in the light of Art. 30 EC (now Art. 45 TFEU). It justified this with the argu-ment that the case in …”

Article 87 a Transitional provision for application of Regulation (EU) No 465/2012 Rob Cornelissen S. 528-541

„… . 48 TFEU. In theRönfeldt judgment the Court referred to the so-called Petroni principle, accord-ing to …” „… which the application of an EU regulation based on Article 48 TFEU can-not have as an effect that a …” „… occurred before the introductionof the free movement of non-active persons according to Art. 21 TFEU …”

Article 75 Advisory Committee for the Coordination of Social Security Systems Rob Cornelissen S. 460-462

„… context it isworthwhile mentioning that the predecessor of the current Art. 154 and 155TFEU, namely Art …” „… socialsecurity systems”. This wording also covers the regulations adopted on the basisof Art. Art. 79(2)(b) TFEU …”

Article 52 Award of benefits Rolf Schuler S. 365-373

„… September 2009) amended para. 4 andadded para. 5.The regulatory task of Art. 48 TFEU (= Art. 42 EC …” „… TFEU(= Art. 42 EC) is expressly extended to cover pension calculation. However, thisrequires or relates …” „… aggregation of child-rearing periods according toArt. 21 TFEU (see Case C-135/99 (Elsen), EU:C:2000:647; Case …”

Article 38 Benefits for an occupational disease where the person suffering from such a disease has been exposed to the same risk in several Member States Maximilian Fuchs S. 328-331

„… not constitute immediately applicable law in the Member States(Art. 288 TFEU). So they do not confer …” „… awhole. This also realised the principle of aggregation embodied in Art. 48 (a)TFEU. Reg. No. 883/2004 …”

Article 20 Travel with the purpose of receiving benefits in kind – authorisation to receive appropriate treatment outside the Member State of residence Karl-Jürgen Bieback S. 255-269

„… be asserted pursuant toArt. 56 TFEU and to Directive 2011/24/EU in addition to via Art. 20. Please …” „… costs in addition to the provi-sion of the benefits in kind.Art. 20 Reg. No.883/2004Art. 56 TFEU and …” „… .883/2004Art. 56 TFEU and Directive2011/24/EUType of provision: bene-fit in kind/cost reim-bursement/direct …”

Article 76 Cooperation Rob Cornelissen S. 464-473

„… gives rise to unforeseen consequenceswhich are incompatible with the aims of Art. 45-48 TFEU. In such …” „… means at their disposal to achieve the aim of freedom of movementestablished in Art. 45-48 TFEU. This …” „… the principle of equal treatment withinthe meaning of Art. 18 TFEU. Some Member States, for instance …”

Article 13 Pursuit of activities in two or more Member States Heinz-Dietrich Steinmeyer S. 191-201

„… work-ers (Art. 45 TFEU = Art. 39 EC), the freedom of establishment (Art. 49 TFEU =Art. 43 EC) or the …” „… requirements of Art. 48 TFEU (= Art. 42 EC) if that legisla-tion does not place that worker at a disadvantage …”

Article 61 Special rules on aggregation of periods of insurance, employment or self-employment Maximilian Fuchs S. 391-396

„… . 48 (a) TFEU. This objective is now fulfilled by aspecific provision of coordination law, namely Art …” „… to the unemployment benefit cannot be derived from Art. 61 (2) nor fromArt. 48 TFEU if the periods in …”

Article 1 Definitions S. 67-87

„… Kahil-Wolff1(see above “Whereas: 1-45”) are part of the act (Art. 296 (2) TFEU = ex-Art. 253 TEC). The …” „… and self-employed persons benefit from the free movement ofpersons (Art. 45 and Art. 49 TFEU …” „… by Reg. No. 883/2004 is mucholder and broader than the terminology in Art. 78 TFEU concerning the …”

Article 11 General rules Heinz-Dietrich Steinmeyer S. 167-180

„… derives this priority fromArt. 45 TFEU. This applies not only to persons that are employed but also …” „… ) (b))According to Art. 45 (4) TFEU (former Art. 39 (4) EC), the obligation to es-tablish the freedom of movement …” „… ac-tivities as a frontier worker. This results out of a clear demarcation and Art. 45TFEU does not require a …”

Overview S. 526

„… . 883/2004, based on Article 48 TFEU). Art. 90 and 96 IR stipulate, withsome exceptions, the repeal of the …”

Article 17 Residence in a Member State other than the competent Member State Karl-Jürgen Bieback S. 226-240

„… Barth), EU:C:2004:413).Personal and material scopePersonal scopeContrary to Art. 45-48 TFEU(= Art. 39-42 …” „… . Pursuant tothe general case law of the CJEU pertaining to Art. 45 TFEU (= Art. 39 EC; seeCase 249/83 …” „… against Art. 45 et seq. and Art. 4 and 7 TFEU. For this reason the CJEUdenies such place of residence or …”

Article 19 Stay outside the competent Member State Karl-Jürgen Bieback S. 242-255

„… .): there are other entitle-ments in addition to those pursuant to Reg. No. 883/2004. Art. 56 TFEU in …” „… freedom of citizens to provide services in Art. 56 TFEU. See abovePreamble to Art. 17 para. 10).II …” „… institution. Art. 56 TFEU therefore gives rise to an enti-tlement to reimbursement of the rates of the Member …”

Article 71 Composition and working methods of the Administrative Commission Rob Cornelissen S. 441

„… level (Art. 154 TFEU)Article 71Composition and working methods of the AdministrativeCommission(1) The …”

Article 89 Implementing Regulation Rob Cornelissen S. 542

„… procedure foreseen by Art. 48 TFEU.Article 89Implementing RegulationA further Regulation shall lay down the …”

Article 68 Priority rules in the event of overlapping Franz Marhold S. 424-431

„… regulations of Reg. No.1408/71 were to be interpreted in the light of the purpose of Art. 48 TFEU,which is to …” „… ruled that the provisions of the TFEU must beinterpreted as precluding the application of a rule of …”

Article 21 Cash benefits Karl-Jürgen Bieback S. 269-277

„… Articles 18 and 20 TFEU and impedefreedom of movement (Art. 45 TFEU). This is the case if, for example, net …”

Overview Rob Cornelissen S. 440-441

„… . 154 TFEU)Article 71Composition and working methods of the AdministrativeCommission(1) The …”

Article 86 Bilateral agreements Rob Cornelissen S. 525-526

„… . 883/2004, based on Article 48 TFEU). Art. 90 and 96 IR stipulate, withsome exceptions, the repeal of the …”

Article 88 Updating of the Annexes Rob Cornelissen S. 541-542

„… the legis-lative procedure foreseen by Art. 48 TFEU.Article 89Implementing RegulationA further …”

Article 54 Overlapping of benefits of the same kind Rolf Schuler S. 375-376

„… interpretedas anti-overlapping rules. In the same vein Art. 45 TFEU (= Art. 39 EC) pro-hibits the competent …”

Special rules of the IR Rob Cornelissen S. 544-553

Article 83 Implementation of legislation Rob Cornelissen S. 495-496

„… procedures foreseen by Art. 48 TFEU. The purpose ofeach entry in Annex XI is to ensure that the regulation …”

Article 90 Repeal Rob Cornelissen S. 542-543

„… procedure foreseen by Art. 48 TFEU.Article 89Implementing RegulationA further Regulation shall lay down the …”

Article 10 Prevention of overlapping of benefits Rolf Schuler S. 159-161

„… . Prevention of overlapping is not men-tioned in Art. 48 TFEU, but is a traditional principle of co-ordination …”

Article 39 Aggravation of an occupational disease Maximilian Fuchs S. 331-333

„… Art. 48 (a)TFEU. Reg. No. 883/2004 has made no change to this legal necessity. The legalnecessity of …”

Article 53 Rules to prevent overlapping Rolf Schuler S. 373-375

„… interpretedas anti-overlapping rules. In the same vein Art. 45 TFEU (= Art. 39 EC) pro-hibits the competent …”

Overview S. 462-464

„… socialsecurity systems”. This wording also covers the regulations adopted on the basisof Art. Art. 79(2)(b) TFEU …”

Article 87 Transitional provisions Rob Cornelissen S. 526-528

„… . 883/2004, based on Article 48 TFEU). Art. 90 and 96 IR stipulate, withsome exceptions, the repeal of the …”

Article 46 Persons subject either only to type B legislation or to type A and B legislation Rolf Schuler S. 345-348

„… disadvantageous aims of Art. 45 and Art. 48 ofthe TFEU (= Art. 39 and Art. 42 EC) as interpreted by the CJEU, this …”

Article 48 Conversion of invalidity benefits into old-age benefits Rolf Schuler S. 348-352

„… , strict application of Art. 157 TFEU (= Art. 141 EC) does not allowthe different age limits in the …”

Article 16 Exceptions to Articles 11 to 15 Heinz-Dietrich Steinmeyer S. 205-209

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5III. Two-tier approach: rights deriving from Reg. No. 883/2004 anddirectly from Art 56 TFEU and …”

Article 5 Equal treatment of benefits, income, facts or events Rolf Schuler S. 135-141

„… nationality (Art. 18, 45 (2) TFEU) as well as from the ensuring offreedom of movement and Union citizenship …”

Overview Heinz-Dietrich Steinmeyer S. 161-167

„… - financed and tax-financed. As itaims to execute Art. 45 et seq. TFEU, it is, in principle, limited to …”

Article 82 Medical examinations Rob Cornelissen S. 489-495

„… and aretherefore adopted via the procedures foreseen by Art. 48 TFEU. The purpose ofeach entry in …”

Article 65 Unemployed persons who resided in a Member State other than the competent State Maximilian Fuchs S. 406-417

„… that paid by the Bel-gian authorities, constitutes a violation of Art 45 TFEU and the right to …”

Article 12 Special rules Heinz-Dietrich Steinmeyer S. 180-191

„… worker. This results out of a clear demarcation and Art. 45TFEU does not require a different treatment …”

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Big Data and the Abuse of Dominance by Multi-Sided Platforms

Noby Thomas Cyriac

Series: Schriftenreihe des EUROPA-KOLLEGS HAMBURG zur Integrationsforschung

Volume 85 2022

Results in this title

INTRODUCTION S. 17-25

„… ‘TFEU’ or ‘Treaty’)21: (a) Article 101 TFEU prohibits agreements between two or more independent market …” „… ) Article 102 TFEU prohibits any market operator that holds a dominant position on a given market from …” „… of the applicability of Art,102 TFEU has 18 Monopolkommission, Report on The Challenges of Digital …”

CONCLUSION S. 279-288

„… application of Art. 102 TFEU to online platforms, it is pertinent to assess the transactional relevance of Big …” „… abuse of dominance investigation under Art. 102 TFEU has been carried out. Each step involved in the Art …” „… . 102 TFEU analysis primarily involving traditional markets is examined in the light of the existing EU …”

CHAPTER V. ABUSE OF DOMINANCE S. 186-278

„… legislation prohibiting the abuse is clear from the wording of Art. 102 TFEU:“Any abuse by one or more …” „… exclusionary towards competitors, the said conduct will still constitute an abuse of Art. 102 TFEU.Types of …” „… the application of Art. 102 TFEU.Apart from the effects-based analysis, the application of Art. 102 …”

CHAPTER III. LEGAL BASIS FOR THE CONTROL OF ABUSE OF DOMINANT UNDERTAKINGS S. 89-136

„… this control are laid down under Art. 102 TFEU.Article 102 TFEU provides:“Any abuse by one or more …” „… according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts.”Art. 102 TFEU applies …” „… prohibition under Art. 102 TFEU are :(a) The relevant entity must be an ‘undertaking’,(b) market dominance,(c …”

CHAPTER I. THE CONCEPT OF BIG DATA S. 26-39

„… , particularly Art. 102 TFEU will be tested. Before dealing with the transactional relevance of Big Data and …” „… testing the principles of Art. 102 TFEU to the new economy powered by Big Data, it is pertinent to discuss …” „… existing EU competition law jurisprudence based on Art. 102 TFEU, only dominant firms are obligated not to …”

BIBLIOGRAPHY S. 289-322

„… Commission, Regulation (EU) No 330/2010 of 20 April 2010 on the application of Article 101(3) TFEU to …” „… Position and its Impact on Article 102 TFEU’, Discussion Paper No 7/15, Europa-Kolleg Hamburg, September …” „… . Colomo P, ‘Exclusionary Discrimination under Article 102 TFEU’, Common Market Law Review, Vol. 51, 2014 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… CyriacBig Data and the Abuse of Dominance by Multi-Sided Platforms An Analysis of Art. 102 TFEUNomosThe …” „… Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentOrs. OthersR&D Research and DevelopmentSec SectionTFEU …” „… . 102 TFEUSchriftenreihe desEUROPA-KOLLEGS HAMBURGzur Integrationsforschung85NomosSchriftenreihe …”

CHAPTER II. TRANSACTIONAL RELEVANCE OF BIG DATA S. 40-88

„… proposition of applying Art. 102 TFEU to online platforms in the upcoming Chapters. As a result, the primary …”

CHAPTER IV. ESTABLISHING DOMINANCE S. 137-185

„… said to have “substantial market power”.527According to the Guidance Paper on Article 102 TFEU, an …”

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Legal limits of the fight against tobacco consumption in multi-level governance

Torsten Stein, Markus Rauber

Series: Schriften des Europa-Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes - Rechtswissenschaft

Volume 85 2011

Results in this title

Markus Rauber, Torsten Stein Prerequisites of art. 114 TFEU S. 18-22

„… regulation of art. 114 TFEU comes into consideration as a legislativebasis.Prerequisites of art. 114 TFEUIt …” „… exist for each situation covered by a measure based on art. 114 TFEU,provided the measure improves …” „… previous art. 152 of the EC Treaty (and thus the current art. 168 TFEU)as a criterion in established case …”

Markus Rauber, Torsten Stein New competences in the health sector due to the Treaty of Lisbon? S. 15-18

„… regulation of art. 114 TFEU comes into consideration as a legislativebasis.Prerequisites of art. 114 TFEUIt …” „… . 95 TFEC, art, 114 TFEU. The complex analysis of internal marketcompetence15 would, however, be …” „… ' legislative and administrativeprovisions."Art. 152 TFEC resurfaces in modified form in art. 168 TFEU after …”

Markus Rauber, Torsten Stein Legal situation before the Treaty of Lisbon came into force S. 14-15

„… successive toart. 95 TFEC, art, 114 TFEU. The complex analysis of internal marketcompetence15 would, however …” „… . 168 TFEU after theTreaty of Lisbon came into force. Today's text version already found itsway into …” „… . 207TFEU, is therefore immaterial with respect to the issues of the present analysis. Apart fromthat …”

Markus Rauber, Torsten Stein Criteria of the principle of subsidiarity S. 25-28

„… as one of the main areas of divided competence in art.4 par. 2 letter a TFEU.Therefore, the upcoming …” „… applicable only if the above-mentioned legalbasis of art. 14 TFEU does not originate from the Union's area of …” „… to the legal situation in terms of competencies sinceart. 114 TFEU provides the European legislative …”

Markus Rauber, Torsten Stein Display ban and vending machine ban S. 28-31

„… competition as factual characteristics ofart. 114 TFEU in its case law (see above), the Court of Justice …” „… . 114TFEU as a legal basis must necessarily result in the incorporation of thedisplay ban and the …”

Markus Rauber, Torsten Stein Compatibility of the guidelines for implementing art. 11 with global trade law S. 64-74

„… regulated in Union law by art. 34TFEU.155 The so-called same-effect measures such as quantitative …” „… in all, the regulations onthe free movement of goods and services in the TFEU are modeled on the GATT …” „… the jurisdiction of the European Court of Justice on art. 34TFEU,167 however, the trademark …”

Markus Rauber, Torsten Stein Compatibility of the guidelines for implementing art. 11 with European regulations S. 48-64

„… compatible with art. 34TFEU. Plain packaging in particular would be subject to objections in thiscase. The …” „… verdict in the Keck and Mithouard case,103 which limits the scopeof art. 34 TFEU, has no effect on the …” „… TFEU and, furthermore,is assigned to the so-called overriding requirements within the meaning ofthe …”

Markus Rauber, Torsten Stein Curtailment of assessment criteria due to the Treaty of Lisbon? S. 23-25

„… subsidiarity is applicable only if the above-mentioned legalbasis of art. 14 TFEU does not originate from the …”

Markus Rauber, Torsten Stein Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… Prerequisites of art. 114 TFEUc) 18Display ban and vending machine banaa) 19Plain packaging and warningsbb) 21 …”

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Court of Justice of the EU

Bertrand P. Wägenbaur

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2013

Results in this title

Applications pursuant to Articles 280 TFEU and 299 TFEU and Article 164 TEAEC S. 529

Requests under Article 269 TFEU S. 572-573

„… Article 269 TFEU1. Four certified copies shall be submitted of a request under Article 269 TFEU.The …” „… legal remedy (“request”)provided by Art. 269 TFEU, which enables a Member State to request the ECJ …” „… TFEU and after consultation with theGovernments concerned, the Court shall adopt supplementary rules …”

[Jurisdictions] S. 219-221

„… with Art. 340 TFEU.Title IV. General Court Art. 51 Stat145Reemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck …” „… remedies referred to in Art. 251et seq. TFEU757, unless the GC or the CST (to date the only specialised …” „… Court), hasexclusive jurisdiction within the meaning of Art. 256 TFEU, or unless the ECJ andthe GC have …”

INTRODUCTION S. 76-85

„… Arts. 251 to 281 TFEU.aa) Court of Justice (hereafter: ECJ)7Art. 251–281 TFEU emphasize the ECJ’s …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658 See also the heading of Art. 251 to 281 TFEU.Statute of the Court of Justice of the EUStat Art …” „… fact that while the vast majorityof legal remedies are established in the TFEU, a single piece of …”

[Deprivation of office] S. 96-100

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Six years, see Art. 253 (1) and Art. 254 (2) TFEU.Title I. Judges and Advocates General Art. 6 …” „… relative importance has been reduced.103 See Art. 253 (2) TFEU.Title II. Organisation of the Court of …” „… consultative body within the meaning of Article 255TFEU to verify the suitability of the person proposed by a …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-75

„… ..................................................................................................... 453Article 165 Applications pursuant to Articles 280 TFEU and 299 TFEU and Article 164TEAEC …” „… 206 Requests under Article 269 TFEU …” „… .................... Treaty on the European UnionTFEU ................. European Treaty on the Functioning of the European …”

[Staff of the GC] S. 221-222

„… which the Council adopts on the basis ofArt. 108 (2), sub-paragraph 3 TFEU with respect to state aid …” „… ; decisions whichimplement a regulation based on Art. 207 TFEU; and those cases in which theCouncil did not …” „… “comitology”- procedure(see Art. 290, 291, (2) to (4) TFEU)).3. Referral for preliminary rulings8 The ECJ has …”

[Term in office] S. 94-96

„… having heard the consultative body within themeaning of Art. 255 TFEU.Statute of the Court of Justice of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Six years, see Art. 253 (1) and Art. 254 (2) TFEU.Title I. Judges and Advocates General Art. 6 …” „… office.It is clear from Art. 5 Statute ECJ and Art. 253 (1), 254 (2) TFEU, that whileMember States may …”

Scope S. 391-401

„… referral forpreliminary ruling212 defined in Art. 267 TFEU, Art. 23 and 23 a Statute ECJ andimplemented in …” „… damages. Art. 267 TFEU establishes212 See B. Arnull, ELR 1990, p. 375 et seq. and Barnard/Sharpston, CMLR …” „… TFEU to request the ECJto interpret EU law, or to verify the validity of secondary legislation224 (not …”

[Appointment of Judges] S. 262-264

„… Civil Service Tribunal.942 Art. 253.1 TFEU and Art. 254.2 TFEU.The EU Civil Service Tribunal Art. 3 CST …” „… States have to date always appointed their “own”nationals as Judges.943 Art. 257.4 TFEU and Art. 3 of the …” „… Annex Statute ECJ.944 Art. 20 TFEU.945 In any case, with regard to the officials and temporary …”

Application pursuant to Article 81 TEAEC S. 529-530

„… Articles 280 TFEU and 299 TFEU andArticle 164 TEAEC1. The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to …” „… European Commission or the European Central Bank, submitted pursuant toArticles 280 TFEU and 299 TFEU or …” „… sub-paragraph TFEU, Art. 56 to 61 Statute ECJ, and Art. 167 to 190 RP ECJ, whichhave substantially enlarged the …”

[Judges and Advocates-General] S. 584-586

„… concerned followed by “TFEU”;– provisions of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Communityare …” „… . 2RP GC.42 Art. 252 TFEU.43 Art. 254 (1), 2nd sentence TFEU, Art. 49 Statute ECJ and Art. 2 (2) RP GC …” „… [1991] ECR p. II-867.46 See e.g. Art. 2 RP European Court for Human Rights.47 Art. 253 (1) TFEU …”

c [Specialised courts] S. 257-259

„… mechanism set in place by Art. 28(11) TFEU. SeeOpinion 1/09 of the Full Court, [2011] (not yet published in …” „… interface between the primary framework-provi-sions found in the relevant chapter of the TFEU929 and the …” „… , practice directions for the attention of the928 See also Art. 253.6 TFEU (Art. 223.6 TEC) and Art. 224.5 …”

[Assignment, Judge-Rapporteur] S. 594-596

„… brought pursuant to Article 270 TFEU;(b) cases brought pursuant to the fourth paragraph of Article 263 …” „… TFEU, thethird paragraph of Article 265 TFEU and Article 268 TFEU, that raise onlyquestions already …” „… and of which one has already beenfinally decided;(c) cases brought pursuant to Article 272 TFEU.(2 …”

INTRODUCTION S. 576-584

„… time-limits enshrined in the TFEU, as well as theStatute ECJ and the Rules of Procedure, on the other hand.2 …” „… seq. RP ECJ.5 Art. 256 (1) TFEU and Art. 51 (1) lit. a), 1st-3rd indent Statute ECJ.Rules of Procedure …” „… “Treaty on the Functioning of theEuropean Union” (TFEU)8 and the “Statute of the Court of Justice of the …”

[Amicable settlement] S. 855-856

„… the matter.This provision shall not apply to proceedings under Articles 263 TFEU and 265TFEU.I …” „… (paragraph 2)3Since such an agreement is excluded in cases of actions for annulment (Art. 263TFEU) and …” „… actions for failure to act (Art. 265 TFEU), the scope of Art. 98 is ratherlimited, meaning that in such …”

INTRODUCTION S. 276-282

„… European Union arereferred to by the number of the article concerned followed by ‘TFEU’,(c) provisions of …” „… implementing and supplementing theTreaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)7 and the Treaty on …” „… necessary, the relevant provision in the TFEU or TEU.2. Supplementary Rules7In addition, the ECJ has adopted …”

[Rules of Procedure] S. 259-260

„… outlines the interface between the primary framework-provi-sions found in the relevant chapter of the TFEU …” „… Registrar, practice directions for the attention of the928 See also Art. 253.6 TFEU (Art. 223.6 TEC) and Art …” „… . 224.5 TEC (now Art. 254.5 TFEU).929 Art. 251–281 TFEU (former Art. 220–245 TEC).930 Art. 40 Statute ECJ …”

New application S. 528-529

„… Art. 163 RP ECJ applies to allparties.Article 165 Applications pursuant to Articles 280 TFEU and 299 …” „… TFEU andArticle 164 TEAEC1. The provisions of this Chapter shall apply to applications to suspend …” „… European Central Bank, submitted pursuant toArticles 280 TFEU and 299 TFEU or Article 164 TEAEC.2. The …”

[Suspension of enforcement of judgments or decisions] S. 899-900

„… , submitted pursuant to Articles 280 TFEU and 299 TFEU andArticle 164 TEAEC.The order granting the application …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171857 Art. 280 TFEU.1858 Art. 256 TFEU.1859 Case T-77/91 R, Hochbaum v Commission [1991], ECR p. II-1285 …”

[Provisions applicable to the GC] S. 222-223

„… thepossibility provided by Art. 256 (3) TFEU to grant the GC jurisdiction to hear and763 Annex I Art. 6 Statute …” „… (5) TFEU, i.e. the legal basis foradopting the Rules of Procedure of the GC. Its wording (“further …” „… legal framework set by the Statute ECJ and, ultimately, the TFEU. This does notmean that the Statute ECJ …”

Content of the request for a preliminary ruling S. 401-407

„… within the meaning of Art. 28 TFEU or a restriction withinthe meaning of Art. 56 TFEU. Likewise, those …” „… national Judge to reflect on the interpretation of e.g. Articles 54and 59 of the TFEU329. However, unclear …” „… unclear330.e) Question(s) referred11Pursuant to Art. 267 TFEU, the national Court or Tribunal must decide …”

Settlement of the disputes referred to in Article 35 TEU in the version in force before the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon S. 571-572

„… submitted of a request under Article 269 TFEU.The request shall be accompanied by any relevant document and …” „… procedure from the referrals for preliminaryrulings within the meaning of Art. 267 TFEU, which relate to the …” „… cooperation in criminal matters.Article 206 Requests under Article 269 TFEU1. Four certified copies shall be …”

[Substantive criteria] S. 872-890

„… seq.1664 Art. 278 and 279 TFEU.1665 Case C-7/04 P(R), Commission v Akzo and Akrcos [2004] ECR p. I …” „… relevant provisions include:* Art. 278 and 279 TFEU1668,* Art. 39 Statute ECJ,* Art. 1041669 to 109 RP GC …” „… aninstitution, made pursuant to Article 278 TFEU and Article 157 of the TEAEC,shall be admissible only if the …”

[Written and oral procedure] S. 130-136

„… of the Statute ECJ.245 Art. 263 TFEU.246 Art. 266 TFEU.247 Art. 267 TFEU.Statute of the Court of …” „… ), para. 306.273 See also Art. 252 (2) TFEU.Title III. Procedure Art. 21 Stat61 …” „… part to the successive jurisdictional enlargements provided forin the TFEU, the legislature has …”

[Publication in the OJ] S. 866-871

„… the meaning of Art. 263 (6) TFEU1632.1625 http://eur-lex.europa.eu.1626 Case T-139/01, Comafrica and …” „… ) TFEU provides that the application needs to be lodged withthe Registry within two months “of the …” „… ) General. Pursuant toArt. 263 (6) TFEU, the criterion of the date when a measure came to the …”

[Plenary session, Grand Chamber and Chambers] S. 596-600

[Periods of time] S. 860-866

„… includethose which are enshrined in primary EU law, whether the TFEU or the Statute of1592 Case C-73/10 P …” „… . 263 TFEU have a time-limit of two months1607 to do so1608, while officials andtemporary agents of the …” „… EU making use the legal remedy, albeit based on a differentprovision (Art. 270 TFEU), benefit from a …”

[Contents of a written application] S. 136-139

„… ), para. 306.273 See also Art. 252 (2) TFEU.Title III. Procedure Art. 21 Stat61Reemers Publishing Services …” „… CST.279 Art. 251 to 281 TFEU.280 For instance, according to the well-established case law the EU …” „… . 46 RP GC, Art. 39 RP CST.286 Art. 263 TFEU, Art. 265 TFEU and Art. 148 EAEC-Treaty.287 See e.g. Art …”

[New appointments] S. 100

„… RP ECJ) and thus theirrole’s relative importance has been reduced.103 See Art. 253 (2) TFEU.Title II …” „… .99 See Arts. 253 (2) and 254 (2) TFEU.100 Pursuant to Art. 252 (1) TFEU the Judges at the ECJ are …”

[Advocates-General] S. 100

Written part of the procedure S. 565-566

„… part of the procedure1. In accordance with Article 218(11) TFEU, a request for an Opinion may bemade by …” „… upon the TFEU concerning the validity ofthe agreement concerned908.III. Procedure3The European …” „… Opinion, as wasthe case under the previous RP ECJ.904 See Art. 218 TFEU.905 Opinion 2/92 of the Court of …”

Designation of the Judge-Rapporteur and of the Advocate General S. 566-567

„… raisesprocedural or substantive doubts based upon the TFEU concerning the validity ofthe agreement concerned908.III …” „… handing down the Opinion, as wasthe case under the previous RP ECJ.904 See Art. 218 TFEU.905 Opinion 2/92 …” „… Agreement (Art. 204 RP ECJ), the TEU (Art. 205) and theTFEU (see the new Art. 206 RP ECJ).Article 201 …”

[Modalities of payment] S. 854-855

„… and 265TFEU.I. Definition1 Such amicable settlement before the GC leads to a “consensual …” „… rejection of expedited proceedings). This provisionillustrates that the TFEU and the Statute of the ECJ …” „… made by the parties on the matter.This provision shall not apply to proceedings under Articles 263 TFEU …”

[Extension of time-limits] S. 871-872

„… the legislature. a) Rule. The time-limits set by thelegislature, whether in the TFEU, e.g. the two …” „… anintervener1662, cannot be extended.1660 Art. 263 (6) TFEU.1661 Art. 56 Statute ECJ.1662 Art. 115 (1) RP …” „… or moral1667 prejudice.1663 B. Wägenbaur, EuZW 1996, p. 327 et seq.1664 Art. 278 and 279 TFEU.1665 …”

[Time bar in case of non-contractual liability] S. 212-216

„… liability of the European Central Bank”.726 See Art. 268 and 340 (2) TFEU.727 Joined Cases 256/80, 257/80 …” „… . 12.730 Case T-140/04, Ehcon v Commission [2005] ECR II-3287, para. 57.731 Art. 340 (2) TFEU.732 Case …” „… time-limits deter-mined by reference to Art. 263 TFEU or Art. 265 TFEU, depending on the case741.b) No …”

[Referring an action and staying proceedings] S. 223-227

„… sentence of paragraph 2 echoes Art. 254 (5) TFEU, i.e. the legal basis foradopting the Rules of Procedure …” „… of the GC must remain withinthe legal framework set by the Statute ECJ and, ultimately, the TFEU …” „… the TFEU includes an implicit basis for a particularprocedure (in the case of taxation of costs, said …”

[Number of Judges and term in office] S. 261-262

„… establishing the EuropeanUnion Civil Service Tribunal.942 Art. 253.1 TFEU and Art. 254.2 TFEU.The EU Civil …” „… Court” within themeaning of Art. 257 TFEU, has exclusive jurisdiction for “disputes between theUnion and …”

Judgment on the substance of the case after a decision to review S. 564-565

„… hearand determine requests for preliminary rulings under Art. 267 TFEU have not beendetermined, which …” „… is subject to review wasgiven under Article 256(2) TFEU, the Court of Justice shall make a decision …” „… procedure.TITLE VIIOPINIONSArticle 196 Written part of the procedure1. In accordance with Article 218(11) TFEU, a …”

[Replacing of Judges] S. 100-101

Information and communication of decisions which may be reviewed S. 560-561

„… COURTIntroduction1. Purpose1The special review within the meaning of Art. 256 (2) and (3) TFEU, as detailedin Art …” „… Article 256(2) or (3) TFEU is fixed, the Registry of the General Court shallinform the Registry of the …” „… theGeneral Court given under Article 256(2) TFEU shall be forwarded to thePresident of the Court of Justice …”

[No suspensory effect] S. 249-250

„… Art. 278, 1st sentence TFEU, which states that“actions”, including appeals, shall not have an …” „… 279 TFEU. The intention of these two somewhat contrasting concepts is toprevent parties from lodging …” „… meaning of Art. 278 TFEU, regardless of whether ornot he makes an appeal. Such a request must be lodged …”

Review of preliminary rulings S. 563-564

„… decision of theGeneral Court given under Article 256(3) TFEU shall be forwarded to thePresident of the …” „… under Art. 267 TFEU have not beendetermined, which requires an amendment of the Statute ECJ.Article 195 …” „… . Where the decision of the General Court which is subject to review wasgiven under Article 256(2) TFEU …”

Other provisions applicable to appeals S. 558-560

„… ) (2) TFEU and Art. 58 (1) Statute ECJ.898 Art. 151 RP ECJ.899 Art. 152 RP ECJ.900 Case C-245/95 P …” „… ) and (3) TFEU, as detailedin Art. 62 to 62 b of the Statute ECJ, is not a classical legal remedy, since …” „… signature of a decision to be givenunder Article 256(2) or (3) TFEU is fixed, the Registry of the General …”

[Manifestly inadmissible or unfounded] S. 900-905

„… 2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmanother institution, submitted pursuant to Articles 280 TFEU …” „… and 299 TFEU andArticle 164 TEAEC.The order granting the application shall fix, where appropriate, a …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171857 Art. 280 TFEU.1858 Art. 256 TFEU.1859 Case T-77/91 R, Hochbaum v Commission [1991], ECR p. II-1285 …”

Assignment of cases to formations of the Court S. 357-359

„… at the request of the Court of Auditors(Art. 286 (6) TFEU).Title II. Common Procedural Provisions Art …” „… European Ombudsman (Art. 228 (2) TFEU), decision on an early andcompulsory retirement or deprivation of …” „… rights of a member of the Commission (Art. 245 (2) and247 TFEU) or of a Member of the Court of auditors …”

[Instructions to the Registrar] S. 606-608

„… from any of these Instructions”. This is in contrast to theTFEU, the Statute ECJ and the RP GC, which …” „… 277 TFEU. Copies of thosedocuments shall likewise be sent to the European Parliament to enable it …” „… being invoked under Article 277 TFEU.118 Case C-112/09 P, SGAE v Commission [2010] ECR p. I-0000, paras …”

Procedure provided for by Article 111(3) of the EEA Agreement S. 569-571

„… provision which either largely corresponds to or is identical witha provision of the TFEU and if the matter …” „… meaning of the TFEU. The Registrar notifies the request for interpreta-tion to the addressees mentioned in …” „… procedure from the referrals for preliminaryrulings within the meaning of Art. 267 TFEU, which relate to the …”

[Oath] S. 85-88

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658 See also the heading of Art. 251 to 281 TFEU.Statute of the Court of Justice of the EUStat Art …” „… .66 Not to be confused with the professional secrecy laid down in Art. 339 TFEU.Statute of the Court …” „… Tech [2009] ECR I-10035, para. 62 and thecase law quoted.64 Arts. 253 (1), 254 (2) and 257 (4) TFEU.65 …”

[Referral for preliminary rulings] S. 139-159

„… equivalent in most Member States, are laid down in Art. 267 TFEU291, 23Statute ECJ and Art. 93 to 104 RP ECJ …” „… consistent with the TFEU andgeneral principles305.11b) Primary EU law. aa) Included. Primary EU law is …” „… comprised of not only theTFEU, the TEU, and the EAEC-Treaty, but also includes a broad variety of …”

Reviewing Chamber S. 560

Supplementary rules S. 573

„… the provisions of Article 253 TFEU and after consultation with theGovernments concerned, the Court …” „… rules for the implementationof these Rules.Primary law (Art. 19 of the TEU and Art. 260 to 267 TFEU and …”

[Term in office] S. 586

„… . 253 (1) TFEU regarding the ECJ and Art. 254 (1) TFEU in the case of the GC. By contrastthe Judges of …”

Implementing rules S. 573-574

Publication in the Official Journal of the European Union S. 390-391

Amicable settlement S. 493-494

„… the matter.2. This provision shall not apply to proceedings under Articles 263 TFEU and265 TFEU.I …”

Procedure for payment S. 492-493

„… apply to proceedings under Articles 263 TFEU and265 TFEU.I. General1 Unlike the withdrawal of an …”

Definitions S. 282-283

„… arereferred to by the number of the article concerned followed by ‘TFEU’,(c) provisions of the Treaty …” „… complemented by areference to Article 13 (1) of the TFEU, in which all EU institutions are named. It22 OJ …”

Appeals against decisions of the arbitration committee S. 567-568

„… . 204 RP ECJ), the TEU (Art. 205) and theTFEU (see the new Art. 206 RP ECJ).Article 201 Appeals against …” „… suspensory effect, unlike all otherlegal remedies provided in the TFEU, an appeal.II. Parties2The appeal may …”

Annexes to the application S. 450-451

„… of the Statute.2. An application submitted under Article 273 TFEU shall be accompanied by acopy of …” „… jurisdiction for applications based onArt. 273 TFEU concerning special agreements concluded between Member …”

Procedures for dealing with cases S. 338-344

„… of the TFEU(Art. 107 to 114 RP ECJ). More importantly, they provide that the rules in chapter 4apply …” „… . This is due to the fact that infringement proceedings withinthe meaning of Art. 258 TFEU presuppose an …” „… mmillustrated by Art. 260 TFEU, which enable the ECJ to impose penalty payments incase the Member State …”

[Taking the oath] S. 586-587

„… . 253 (1) TFEU regarding the ECJ and Art. 254 (1) TFEU in the case of the GC. By contrastthe Judges of …”

[Obligation to attend] S. 760-761

„… 280 TFEU and 299 TFEU and Article 164TEAEC.The GC has concluded that, in the rare cases in which the …”

[Binding judgment] S. 785-786

„… under the provisions ofArticle 268 TFEU in conjunction with the second paragraph of Article 340 TFEU …”

[Appeals procedure] S. 248-249

„… Paragraph 1 merely confirms Art. 278, 1st sentence TFEU, which states that“actions”, including appeals …” „… found in Arts.278 and 279 TFEU. The intention of these two somewhat contrasting concepts is toprevent …”

[Transmitting cases, suspension] S. 270-271

„… within the meaning of Art. 263 TFEU960. In the past this advantage forparties to CST cases was more …” „… appeals to points of law. The legislature did not make use ofthe possibility foreseen in Art. 257 (3) TFEU …”

[Review by the ECJ] S. 252-254

„… meaning of Art. 256 (2) TFEU911,which, to date, only applies to decisions of the CST. On the 17 December …” „… pertaining to referrals for preliminary rulings within themeaning of Art. 256 (3) TFEU913. While this law …”

[President and Chambers] S. 264-266

„… . 254.2 TFEU.948 Art. 253.1 TFEU.949 This does not seem to be limited to lawyers admitted to the bar in …”

[Discontinuing the proceedings] S. 856-858

„… cases of actions for annulment (Art. 263TFEU) and actions for failure to act (Art. 265 TFEU), the scope …”

[Judgment of interpretation] S. 196-198

„… TFEU,where they, unlike third parties, do not need to prove any legal interest in the case.II. Admissibility1 …” „… Court annuls an act of an institution. Pursuantto Art. 266 TFEU, in order to comply with the ECJ’s …”

Review of decisions given on appeal S. 561-563

„… First Advocate General to review a decision of theGeneral Court given under Article 256(2) TFEU shall be …” „… review a decision of theGeneral Court given under Article 256(3) TFEU shall be forwarded to thePresident …”

[Register] S. 608-610

„… invoked under Article 277 TFEU. Copies of thosedocuments shall likewise be sent to the European Parliament …” „… the Council is being invoked under Article 277 TFEU.118 Case C-112/09 P, SGAE v Commission [2010] ECR …”

[Intervention] S. 181-193

„… States and EU institutions517 have a privi-leged status: in direct challenges (Art. 263 TFEU) they do not …” „… concerned by acomplaint for breach of Art. 102 TFEU550. An application to intervene was acceptedin the case …” „… and thus would have had an autonomous right ofchallenge as provided by Art. 263 (2) TFEU. The fact …”

[Appeal limited to points of law] S. 237-248

„… ), sub-para. 2 TFEU.Title IV. General Court Art. 58 Stat163Reemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck …” „… ) TFEU.820 Art. 11 (1) of annex I to the Statute of the ECJ; Ordinance of 4 April 2011, Case T-239/09 …” „… . 296 TFEU), or secondary EU law and/or general principlesof law due to insufficient827 or contradictory …”

[Appeal] S. 228-235

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28I. Introduction1. Legal basis1 Art. 256 (1), 2nd sub-paragraph TFEU, Art. 56 to 61 Statute ECJ, and …” „… ] (not published in the ECR).798 Art. 263 TFEU.799 Para. 10 of the Practice Directions to Parties.Statute …” „… status according toStatute ECJ and the TFEU, it is not clear why the intention of a Member State …”

[Exclusion of other occupation] S. 91-94

„… engagement (i.e., an academic post).77 See Art. 253 (1) TFEU and Art. 254 (2) TFEU.Title I. Judges and …”

[Appeals limited to points of law] S. 273-275

„… , which generally concern971 Art. 256.1.2 TFEU and Art. 58.1 Statute ECJ.972 Art. 257.3 TFEU.973 Art. 11 …”

Application for suspension or for interim measures S. 517-526

„… TFEU or Article 157 TEAEC, shall beadmissible only if the applicant has challenged that measure in an …” „… in Article 279 TFEU shall be admissible only if it is made by a partyto a case before the Court and …” „… institution inexceptional circumstances738.734 Art. 278 and 279 TFEU.735 Case C-180/96 R, United Kingdom v …”

Content of the defence S. 451-454

„… whether theinapplicability of one of their acts is being invoked under Article 277 TFEU.The ex officio …” „… provision takes account of the ECJ’s jurisdiction for applications based onArt. 273 TFEU concerning special …”

[Expert’s report] S. 761-764

„… ordered under this Article shall beenforced in accordance with Articles 280 TFEU and 299 TFEU and Article …”

[Chambers] S. 106-110

„… (paragraphs 4 and 5)1. Exceptions13 In all cases explicitly foreseen in the TFEU (see paragraph 4 of Statute …” „… European Court ofJustice, 2011 edition, http://curia.europa.eu.131 The TFEU specifies that the ECJ must sit …”

[Measures of organisation and inquiry] S. 163-167

„… -321/05, AstraZeneca v Commission [2010] ECR II-02805. para. 25.471 Art. 346 (1) litera a) TFEU.Title III …” „… Art. 27 Statute ECJ.469 But see the exception in Art. 339 TFEU (secret of profession).470 Case T …”

Revision S. 513-517

[Rectifying judgments] S. 786-790

„… aclaim for damages brought against the European Union under the provisions ofArticle 268 TFEU in …” „… conjunction with the second paragraph of Article 340 TFEU1055.62. Individual cases. a) Beyond a reasonable …”

[Contents of the application] S. 950-954

„… Iran v Council [2008] (notpublished in the ECR), para. 10.2161 Art. 266 TFEU.2162 Case T-284/08 INTP …” „… within the meaningof Art. 263 TFEU and do not include any referrals for preliminary rulings in thearea of …”

a [Expedited and urgent procedures] S. 159-163

„… Art. 263 TFEU) the Court of Justice has always emphasised thatwhere natural or legal persons cannot …” „… urgente”).450 Art. 267 TFEU and Art. 23 Statute ECJ.451 Arts. 105 to 106 RP ECJ.Title III. Procedure Art …”

Lodging of the appeal S. 530-534

„… sub-paragraph TFEU, Art. 56 to 61 Statute ECJ, and Art. 167 to 190 RP ECJ, whichhave substantially enlarged the …” „… -07885.802 See Art. 190 RP ECJ.803 See Art. 256 (1) (2) TFEU and Art. 58 (1) Statute ECJ.Rules of Procedure …”

[Contents of an application] S. 659-682

„… submitted under Article 272 TFEU pursuant to an arbitra-tion clause contained in a contract governed by …” „… “uncoordinated way”367. Thus, merely referring to Art. 102 TFEU withno precise submissions as to the market …” „… Communityjudicature is called upon to exercise under Art. 190 TFEU430.bb) Staff cases57In staff cases there needs to …”

[Legal framework] S. 85

Hearing S. 567

„… . 204 RP ECJ), the TEU (Art. 205) and theTFEU (see the new Art. 206 RP ECJ).Article 201 Appeals against …”

Time-limit for delivering the Opinion S. 567

„… . 204 RP ECJ), the TEU (Art. 205) and theTFEU (see the new Art. 206 RP ECJ).Article 201 Appeals against …”

Delivery of the Opinion S. 567

„… . 204 RP ECJ), the TEU (Art. 205) and theTFEU (see the new Art. 206 RP ECJ).Article 201 Appeals against …”

[Scope of jurisdiction] S. 261

„… Court” within themeaning of Art. 257 TFEU, has exclusive jurisdiction for “disputes between theUnion and …”

Service of the application S. 451

„… provision takes account of the ECJ’s jurisdiction for applications based onArt. 273 TFEU concerning special …”

[Terminology] S. 584

„… concerned followed by “TFEU”;– provisions of the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Communityare …”

Transmission of documents S. 454

„… being invoked under Article 277 TFEU.The ex officio communication of applications and statements of …”

[Contents of the statement of defence] S. 682-690

„… TFEU.Rules of Procedure of the General Court of the EURP GC Art. 46612Reemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck …” „… GC.523 Art. 263 (6) TFEU.524 Case F-121/07, Strack v Commission [2011] (not yet published in the ECR …”

[Election of the President] S. 590

„… Judges shall, immediately after the partial replacement provided for inArticle 254 TFEU, elect one of …”

[Language of the procedure] S. 260-261

„… Court” within themeaning of Art. 257 TFEU, has exclusive jurisdiction for “disputes between theUnion and …”

[Secrecy of deliberations] S. 173-174

„… been criticised for the493 Art. 296 TFEU contains analogous obligations for legal acts of the EU …”

Commencement of the term of office of Judges and Advocates General S. 283-284

„… Judges of some international Courts28.26 Art. 3 RP ECJ.27 Art. 19(2) TEU and 253(1) TFEU. Middeke, in …”

Taking of the oath S. 284-285

„… international Courts28.26 Art. 3 RP ECJ.27 Art. 19(2) TEU and 253(1) TFEU. Middeke, in …”

Delivery and service of the judgment S. 388-389

„… of the judgment shall be served on the parties and,209 See Art. 296 TFEU.210 See Everling, EuR 1994 …”

[Third party proceedings] S. 195-196

„… legal remedies such as applications within the meaning of Art. 263 TFEU,where they, unlike third parties …”

Order of seniority S. 286-287

„… provided for inthe second paragraph of Article 253 TFEU, elect one of their number as Presidentof the Court …”

Content of a judgment S. 387-388

„… of the judgment shall be served on the parties and,209 See Art. 296 TFEU.210 See Everling, EuR 1994 …”

Procedure under Article 103 TEAEC S. 568-569

„… effect, unlike all otherlegal remedies provided in the TFEU, an appeal.II. Parties2The appeal may be …”

[Costs of enforcement of a judgment] S. 805-806

„… . 90 RP CST is identical.1176 Art. 280 and Art. 299 TFEU.1177 Art. 91 and 92 RP GC.Rules of Procedure …”

[Chambers, full Court, single Judge and Grand Chamber] S. 218-219

„… 08:13:313B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm1This Art. implements Art. 254 (1) TFEU, which states that …”

Election of the President and of the Vice-President of the Court S. 287-288

„… partial replacement provided for inthe second paragraph of Article 253 TFEU, elect one of their number as …”

Information relating to service S. 449-450

„… submitted under Article 273 TFEU shall be accompanied by acopy of the special agreement concluded between …”

[Powers of the President] S. 590-591

„… Judges shall, immediately after the partial replacement provided for inArticle 254 TFEU, elect one of …”

[Notification of decisions] S. 227-228

„… jurisdiction12 In case of two competing actions for annulment within the meaning of Art. 263TFEU, the GC may …”

[Order of seniority] S. 589-590

„… , immediately after the partial replacement provided for inArticle 254 TFEU, elect one of their number as …”

[Advocate General] S. 217-218

„… ) TFEU, which states that the Statute maycontain provisions allowing the GC to be supported by …”

[Modalities of service] S. 858-860

„… includethose which are enshrined in primary EU law, whether the TFEU or the Statute of1592 Case C-73/10 P …”

[Interim proceedings and suspending enforcement] S. 179-181

„… echoes the legal basis in the TFEU and theEAEC-Treaty regarding a suspension of the execution of a …”

Reply and rejoinder S. 454-456

„… being invoked under Article 277 TFEU.The ex officio communication of applications and statements of …”

Decision on applications to intervene S. 465-467

„… include those562 See Art. 346 TFEU.Title IV. Direct Actions Art. 131 RP ECJ391Reemers Publishing Services …”

[Revocation] S. 587-589

„… ) TFEU.Title I. Organisation of the General Court Art. 5 RP GC513Reemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck …”

[Appeal well founded] S. 250-252

„… 08:13:413B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mminterim proceedings within the meaning of Art. 278 TFEU …”

[Appeal] S. 271-273

„… appeals to points of law. The legislature did not make use ofthe possibility foreseen in Art. 257 (3) TFEU …”

[Staff cases] S. 803-805

„… .1176 Art. 280 and Art. 299 TFEU.1177 Art. 91 and 92 RP GC.Rules of Procedure of the General Court of …”

Use of the language of the case S. 317-320

„… theCourt pursuant to Article 259 TFEU. This provision shall apply both to writtendocuments and to oral …”

[Statement of reasons] S. 174-177

„… been criticised for the493 Art. 296 TFEU contains analogous obligations for legal acts of the EU …”

Calculation of time-limits S. 333-336

„… defined either in the TFEU, in the Statute ECJ, orin the RP ECJ. These time-limits are ordre public, which …”

[Specific procedure] S. 851-854

„… rejection of expedited proceedings). This provisionillustrates that the TFEU and the Statute of the ECJ …”

[Applicable rules of the Statute] S. 267-270

„… within the meaning of Art. 263 TFEU960. In the past this advantage forparties to CST cases was more …”

[Application for revision] S. 198-202

„… Court annuls an act of an institution. Pursuantto Art. 266 TFEU, in order to comply with the ECJ’s …”

Expedited procedure S. 420-425

„… enshrined in anumber of Articles of the TFEU420 or the validity of a piece of secondarylegislation421, e.g …”

[Reply and rejoinder] S. 690-696

„… must,however, give reasons for the delay in offering it.577 See e.g. Art. 263 (6) TFEU.578 Art. 91 (2) Staff …”

[Further evidence; no new pleas in law] S. 696-704

„… it.577 See e.g. Art. 263 (6) TFEU.578 Art. 91 (2) Staff Regulations of the EU officials.579 Art. 46 …”

a [Conditions] S. 766-776

„… control: 7961, 8962, 9963, 10964, and 20965 months;Competition (Art. 102 TFEU): 12 months966;Public …”

[Subsequent procedure] S. 923-932

„… Elektronisch Gebied andTechnische Unie v Commission [2003] ECR p. II-5761, para. 418.2060 Art. 277 TFEU.2061 …”

[Periods of grace, unforeseeable circumstances and force majeure] S. 202-212

„… exceptions provided in Art. 45 (2) Statute ECJ by claimingthat e.g. Art. 263 (6) TFEU (ex-Art. 230 (5) EC) is …”

[Taxation] S. 830-841

„… , which are notmentioned in the Statute ECJ, let alone in the TFEU. Art. 92 RP GC provides fewparameters …”

[General rules for pleadings] S. 643-659

„… Commission docu-ments, which implements Art. 15 (3) TFEU232. The ECB has adopted a specificlegislation …”

Index S. 980-997

„… pursuant Arts. 280, 299TFEU, 164 TEAEC RP ECJ 165– Change in circumstances RP ECJ163– Content of …”

[Recoverable costs] S. 809-830

„… Mio1337,– if the case is about a serious infringement of Art. 102 TFEU1338,– if a case concerns …”

[Assistant Registrars] S. 605-606

„… laiddown in the primary law (essentially the chapter re. the ECJ of the EU in the TFEUand the Statute ECJ …”

[Substitute] S. 606

„… laiddown in the primary law (essentially the chapter re. the ECJ of the EU in the TFEUand the Statute ECJ …”

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Enforcement of FRAND Commitments under Article 102 TFEU

Tuire Anniina Väisänen

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 9 2011

Results in this title

The Objectives of Article 102 TFEU S. 27-32

„… ensuring that competition in the internal market is not distorted” and the new Article 3(3) TFEU states …” „… competition actions under Article 352 TFEU if necessary. The real effect of this change may be limited …” „… TFEU In the past, courts have had a tendency to limit the application of competition law within the …”

Excessive Pricing Under Article 102 (a) TFEU S. 37-41

„… ” each time Article 102 TFEU is to be applied. Accordingly, the European Commission cannot automatically …” „… principles described above, the restrictions set out in Article 102 TFEU would seem to apply also to FRAND …” „… commitments. 3.3 Abusive Conducts in a Standard-setting Context The concept of abuse under Article 102 TFEU …”

Price Discrimination under Article 102 (c) TFEU S. 41-44

„… 41 3.3.2 Price Discrimination under Article 102 (c) TFEU On its face, Article 102 (c) TFEU …” „… important because Article 102 (c) TFEU does not require licensors to treat licensees in the exact same way …” „… ” requirement under Article 102 (c) TFEU. The requirement under Article 102 (c) TFEU for competitive …”

Conclusion on the Applicability of Article 102 TFEU on FRAND Commitments S. 45-46

„… 45 Interestingly, as Mr. Drexl points out in his article, deception under Article 102 TFEU may …” „… Article 102 TFEU on FRAND Commitments In conclusion, when applying Article 102 TFEU and its …” „… interpretation of Article 102 TFEU in order to apply it to FRAND commitments. If not, competition authorities in …”

The Meaning of FRAND Commitments under Article 102 (a) and (c) TFEU - Possible Doctrinal Solutions Based on Established EC Case Law S. 50-55

„… market. Further, Qualcomm claims that the complainants are seeking to use Article 102 TFEU in order to …” „… . 51 during the standardization process are subject to the limitations set out in Article 102 TFEU …” „… Commitments under Article 102 (a) and (c) TFEU - Possible Doctrinal Solutions Based on Established EC Case …”

Deceptive Conduct in the Standard-Setting Process - Is the AstraZeneca “Doctrine” Applicable to FRAND Commitments? S. 55-60

„… Article 102 TFEU because of its exclusionary effect. However, under the flexible approach, described in …” „… Article 102 TFEU to dominant patent holders, it is of particular interest to analyse whether deceptive …” „… on the application of Article 102 TFEU to allegedly deceptive conduct or misuse of procedures in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-6

„… 102 TFEU The Nature of FRAND Defence in Patent Litigation Nomos 1. Auflage 2011 © Nomos …” „… Objectives of Article 102 TFEU 30 3. The Applicability of Article 102 TFEU to Enforce FRAND Commitments 33 …” „… Conducts in a Standard-setting Context 37 3.3.1 Excessive Pricing Under Article 102 (a) TFEU 38 3.3.2 …”

Market Definition in Technology Markets S. 33-35

„… 33 3. The Applicability of Article 102 TFEU to Enforce FRAND Commitments Most often licensors …” „… ) and (c) TFEU. In the absence of precedents defining the exact meaning of FRAND commitments, some …” „… Article 102 (a) and (c) TFEU. Article 102 (a) TFEU requires that dominant companies refrain form imposing …”

The Misuse of Intellectual Property Rights S. 44-45

„… types of abusive conduct under the FRAND regime in which Article 102 TFEU may come into a play. One …” „… European Union recently have interpreted abuse under Article 102 TFEU broadly and have not required that …” „… . For the purposes of establishing an infringement under Article 102 TFEU, it is thus sufficient to …”

Introduction S. 11-14

„… may amount to abuse of dominant position under Article 102 TFEU (former Article 82 EC) 3 have been …” „… Article 102 TFEU. 9 In January 2009, Nokia has further lodged a formal complaint with the European …” „… enforce FRAND commitments by invoking Article 102 TFEU. 11 Particular emphasis will be put on the …”

What is the Object of the European Commission’s Decision to Initiate Proceedings in the Qualcomm case? S. 47-50

„… 47 4. Case Studies Related to the Enforcement of FRAND Commitments under Article 102 TFEU In …” „… under Article 102 TFEU lies at the heart of the tension between intellectual property rights and …” „… dominant position on a certain market under Article 102 TFEU by refusing to license its patents to third …”

Abstract S. 7-10

„… be assessed under Article 102 TFEU. Throughout Mrs Neelie Kroes’ time as European Commissioner for …” „… the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (“TFEU”). The various licensing practices that …” „… may amount to abuse of dominant position under Article 102 (a) and (c) TFEU such as excessive pricing …”

Dominance in Technology Markets S. 35-37

„… actions in the Microsoft case, there is arguably a legitimate desire and need to use Article 102 TFEU to …” „… , which the European Commission must assess with “fresh eyes” each time Article 102 TFEU is to be …” „… 102 TFEU would seem to apply also to FRAND commitments. 3.3 Abusive Conducts in a Standard-setting …”

Need for a Precedent from the European Commission S. 60-64

„… practices with regard to the WDCMA standard do violate Article 102 TFEU the 173 Speech by Ms. Magdalena …” „… also important to maintain the role of Article 102 TFEU as preventive and keep in mind that solutions …” „… the European Commission will apply Article 102 TFEU in an inconsistent manner when essential patents …”

The IPCom v Nokia Case S. 69-72

„… Commission decides to open formal proceedings under Article 102 TFEU based on Nokia’s complaint against IPCom …” „… 102 TFEU. According to the European Commission, AstraZeneca imposed major competitive harm on its …” „… clearly demonstrated an abuse within the meaning of Article 102 TFEU. 212 To conclude, it is evident that …”

Conclusion S. 73-74

„… FRAND commitments under Article 102 TFEU remain unsolved. In essence, this paper argues, that even …” „… standard-essential patents. However, when determining the impact of FRAND commitments under Article 102 TFEU, it …”

Royalty Stacking S. 23-26

„… commitments will be assessed under Article 102 TFEU. In EC competition law the concept of fairness …” „… part of well established in case law, particularly case law related to Article 102 TFEU. Cases …”

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The More Economic Approach under Article 102 TFEU

Marta Zalewska-Glogowska

Series: Schriften des Europa-Instituts der Universität des Saarlandes - Rechtswissenschaft

Volume 105 2017

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Chapter: Development of the More Economic Approach under Article 102 TFEU S. 61-101

„… 61 II. Chapter: Development of the More Economic Approach under Article 102 TFEU The roots of …” „… Article 102 TFEU lie in the adoption of the Treaty of Rome signed in 1957, therefore Article 102 TFEU …” „… , obviously, Article 102 TFEU has not stayed rooted in its historical origins. Quite the contrary, Article …”

Chapter: Challenges and Implications of the More Economic Approach under Article 102 TFEU S. 167-203

„… 167 V. Chapter: Challenges and Implications of the More Economic Approach under Article 102 TFEU …” „… On the basis of the previous chapters, it follows that an effects-based approach to Article 102 TFEU …” „… approach applied under Article 102 TFEU seems to be expressed in the fact that it recognizes that …”

Chapter: The More Economic Approach in Judicial Review S. 127-166

„… General Court, which hears Article 102 TFEU cases at first instance in accordance with Article 256(1 …” „… ) TFEU and the Court of Justice, which hears 102 TFEU cases at second instance. The Civil Service …” „… interpretation of Article 102 TFEU.532 The Commission, for its part, is charged with the task of implementing …”

Conclusions S. 232-238

„… 232 Conclusions The legal analysis of the more economic approach under Article 102 TFEU provided …” „… , and also Article 102 TFEU cases. As early as the beginning of the new millennium, the European …” „… the Commission’s practice in the field of Article 101 TFEU. Only later did it spread towards merger …”

Chapter: Origins and Definition of the More Economic Approach S. 16-60

„… interpretation of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU is commonly described as a ‘form-based’ approach. As the next …” „… integration.48 Articles 85 and 86 EEC Treaty (now Articles 101 and 102 TFEU) were among the first provisions …” „… TFEU) and Article 90 EEC Treaty (now Article 106 TFEU). In recent years, the intense discussion became …”

Chapter: The More Economic Approach in the Commission’s Practice S. 102-126

„… competition in the European Union.411 In recent Article 102 TFEU cases, such as Microsoft and Telefónica,412 …” „… Objective(s) of Article 102 TFEU 103 approach to exclusionary conduct under Article 102 TFEU.413 The 2009 …” „… decisions. 1. Economic Objective(s) of Article 102 TFEU The Commission’s 2000 Guidelines on Vertical …”

Introduction S. 13-15

„… Articles 119(1), 127(1) TFEU)2 and on constitutional principles such as the rule of law and legal …” „… ) TFEU require EU economic policy to be “conducted in accordance with the principle of an open market …” „… in Articles 101 and 102 TFEU, such as ‘restriction of competition’, ‘dominant position’, ‘abuse’ or …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… The More Economic Approach under Article 102 TFEU Marta Zalewska-Głogowska A Legal Analysis and …” „… Article 102 TFEU A Legal Analysis and Comparison with US Antitrust Law Nomos BUT_Zalewska-Glogowska_3960-8 …” „… Cataloging-in-Publication Data Zalewska-Głogowska, Marta The More Economic Approach under Article 102 TFEU A Legal Analysis …”

Chapter: The More Economic Approach to Abuse of Dominant Position: EU versus US S. 204-231

„… not created specifically on account of Article 102 TFEU-related cases, as the new unit was occupied …” „… application of EU competition rules. This trend is especially visible in regard to Article 101 TFEU and EU …” „… economic power (Article 102 TFEU). Although the 2009 Priorities Paper and the Commission’s announcement …”

Bibliography S. 239-252

„… Law (2012). Akman P, The European Commission’s Guidance on Article 102 TFEU: From Inferno to …” „… Context of Article 102 TFEU, 7 Competition Law Journal (2014). Allan W, The Effects-Based Approach Under …” „… Article 102 TFEU: History and State of Play in Bourgeois J & Waelbroeck D (eds), Ten years of …”

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Conflicts of Jurisdiction in Criminal Matters in the European Union

Martin Böse, Frank Meyer, Anne Schneider

2014

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The legal basis (Art. 82 TFEU) (Böse) S. 367-380

„… 367 Chapter 9: The legal basis (Art. 82 TFEU) Martin Böse According to the principle of conferral …” „… legislative powers in the field of cooperation in criminal matters (Art. 82 et seq. TFEU). These powers …” „… explicitly address conflicts of jurisdiction. According to Art. 82 para. 1 subpara. 2 lit. b TFEU, “the …”

Fundamental freedoms of the Union (Böse) S. 43-106

„… fundamental freedoms: the free movement of goods (Art. 34 TFEU); the free movement of workers (Art. 45 TFEU …” „… ) and freedom of establishment (Art. 49 TFEU); the free movement of services (Art. 56 TFEU) and the free …” „… movement of capital (Art. 63 TFEU). As the integration process evolved from a primarily economic …”

An Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (Meyer) S. 169-216

„… States, Art. 67 para. 1 TFEU. The TFEU recognises the area of freedom, security and justice (hereafter …” „… TFEU appear to assign specific tasks to each sub-policy. In the field of cooperation in criminal and …” „… . 82 para. 1 TFEU announces that judicial cooperation in criminal matters in the Union shall be based …”

Fundamental Rights of the EU-Charter (Böse) S. 107-168

„… applied the Charter in a case where the right to free movement (Art. 21 TFEU) was at stake.371 As …” „… (Art. 21 TFEU),474 and reflects – even beyond this right – the emergence of a single area of freedom …” „… corresponds to the findings of the analysis of Art. 21 TFEU.531 Nevertheless, recourse to the protective …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… (Art. 18 TFEU) 44 I. The passive personality principle 45 1. Scope of application 45 2. (Illegitimate …” „… (jurisdiction to adjudicate) 69 C. Freedom of movement (Art. 21 TFEU) 72 I. Extraterritorial jurisdiction as a …” „… basis (Art. 82 TFEU) (Böse) 367 A. Scope and limits of Art. 82 TFEU 367 I. Conflict of criminal laws …”

Model Rules and Explanation (Böse/Meyer/Schneider) S. 381-438

„… on Art. 82 para. 1 subpara. 2 lit. b TFEU.1601 Art. 82 para. 1 subpara. 2 lit. b TFEU allows for …” „… within the European Union. Because Art. 82 para. 1 subpara. 2 lit. b TFEU only refers to “conflicts of …” „… realisation that all the ____________________ 1602 Cf. also Art. 82 para. 2 TFEU. 1603 See …”

Introduction (Böse/Meyer/Schneider) S. 21-42

„… fundamental rights of EU citizens, which are set out in the EU Treaties (TEU, TFEU), and the Charter of …” „… sanctions. Art. 83 TFEU authorizes the Parliament and the Council, by means of directives, to establish …” „… punishment, as enshrined in Art. 82 et seq. TFEU, are autonomous concepts of Union law. Their interpretation …”

Models and instruments for solving conflicts of jurisdiction (Böse) S. 335-366

„… Public Prosecutor (Art. 86 TFEU). In July 2013, the Commission launched a proposal for regulating the …” „… to the national courts of the Member States (cf. Art. 86 para. 2 sent. 2 TFEU), it will have to take …” „… law (Art. 101 and Art. 102 TFEU).1370 However, because the Commission may, by initiating proceedings …”

The basic approach to jurisdiction in private and criminal law (Schneider) S. 217-266

„… TFEU to harmonise the law on criminal jurisdiction. The Framework Decision 2009/948/JHA on the …” „… could also stem from European law, cf. Art. 82 para. 2 subpara. 2 lit. b TFEU. 841 Staubach, Die …” „… (e.g., in Art. 83 TFEU).844 This means that the EU has the right to create criminal law rules that are …”

Bibliography S. 447-473

„… . 425-427 Herrnfeld, Hans-Holger, Art. 67 TFEU, in: Schwarze, Jürgen (ed.), EU Kommentar, 3rd edition …”

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Europäische Prüfsteine der Herrschaft und des Rechts

Ernst-Joachim Mestmäcker

Series: Wirtschaftsrecht und Wirtschaftspolitik

Volume 287 2016

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How does Regulation 1/2003 give effect to the principles set out in Art. 101, 102 TFEU? S. 409-422

„… , 102 TFEU? Landmarks? The Commission in a stock taking report after five years of Regulation 1/2003 …” „… to establish a preliminary and separate assessment of dominance.” You notice that Art. 102 TFEU is …” „… jurisprudence of the Court of Justice. I refer to the application of competition rules, of Art. 101 TFEU as well …”

Towards a Concept of Workable European Competition Law S. 515-532

„… implementation of the competition rules through a Regulation under Article 87 EEC (now Article 103 TFEU). What …” „… purpose of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU is to protect not only the interests of individual competitors or …” „… of a political compromise. Article 222 EEC (now Article 345 TFEU) stated that: “This Treaty shall in …”

Quellenverzeichnis S. 649-652

„… does Regulation 1/2003 give effect to the principles set out in Art. 101, 102 TFEU?; in: Neue …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… 1/2003 give effect to the principles set out in Art. 101, 102 TFEU? 1. 411 Antitrust, State Aid, and the …”

Economic and Legal Foundations of Constitutional Liberty S. 615-644

„… requirements, based on Art. 49 and Art. 2 TFEU, stand for the constitutional ability of a potential Member …” „… member states. The Treaty of Rome appears to sidestep or to ignore the issue. Section 345 TFEU provides …”

Antitrust, State Aid, and the Governance of Public Undertakings S. 423-438

„… Bruges 1969). 2. Antitrust, State Aid, and the Governance of Public Undertakings 425 TFEU) included …”

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Intellectual Property Related Generic Defense Strategies in the European Pharmaceutical Market

Marc P. Philipp

Series: Munich Intellectual Property Law Center - MIPLC Studies

Volume 11 2011

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Legal Basis and General Art. 102 TFEU Principles S. 22-25

„… and General Art. 102 TFEU Principles As outlined in Art. 3.1 (b) of the Treaty on the Functioning of …” „… the European Union (TFEU), competition law prohibits behavior and practices that restrict the …” „… functioning of the free internal market environment. More precisely, Art. 101 TFEU bans certain restrictive …”

Legal Protection of Pharmaceutical Products S. 19-22

„… jurisprudence, to which this chapter is dedicated. Legal Basis and General Art. 102 TFEU Principles As outlined …” „… in Art. 3.1 (b) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), competition law …” „… precisely, Art. 101 TFEU bans certain restrictive multilateral business practices, while Art. 102 TFEU makes …”

Extension of Exclusivity Terms S. 58-70

„… practices prohibited by Art. 101 TFEU. Priddis and Constantine observe that the final report “calls into …” „… discussed above: In contrast to the abuse of a dominant position under Art. 102 TFEU, Art. 101 TFEU cases …” „… outlined in Regulation 772/2004/EC regarding the application of Art. 81.3 EC Treaty (today 101.3 TFEU) to …”

The Intersection of IP and Competition Law S. 25-27

„… TFEU abuse, but only under ‘exceptional circumstances’.65 In these special situations, IP rights may be …” „… the application of Arts. 101 and 102 TFEU.67 Nevertheless, Drexl observes that competition authorities …” „… . Beck 2009) (emphasizing that also restrictive business practices in the sense of Art. 101 TFEU do not …”

Restriction of the Freedom to Operate Through Blocking/Defensive Patenting S. 46-51

„… when such conduct could be regarded as an abuse of a dominant position under Art. 102 TFEU. 153 See …” „… with Art. 82 EC Treaty (now Art. 102 TFEU). These cases however can be considered exceptions in line …” „… based on Art. 102 TFEU. As already generally expressed by the EU Commission prior to the sector inquiry …”

Creation of Deterring Effects S. 51-58

„… cases of foreclosure based on Art. 102 TFEU. As already generally expressed by the EU Commission prior …” „… product may already constitute a substantial economic disadvantage in conflict with Art. 102 TFEU.175 …” „… sufficient. An associated issue can be found in the Art. 102 TFEU prerequisite of a dominant position: At the …”

Business Model Convergence S. 76-77

„… established products. Under such a situation, an originator’s market dominance according to Art. 102 TFEU may …” „… an abusive manner according to Art. 102 TFEU: If a generic product competes convincingly over safety …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… under Arts. 101 and 102 TFEU. An evaluation framework called PACE is developed and serves as the …” „… Inquiry2.2. 22 Legal Basis and General Art. 102 TFEU Principles2.2.1. 22 The Intersection of IP and …”

Disentanglement of the Value Chain S. 71-73

„… restrictive agreements according to Art. 101 TFEU. Determining the abuse of a dominant position under Art. 102 …” „… TFEU in such a disentanglement scenario may also be affected: Originators may lose important arguments …”

Product Portfolio Shift Towards ‘Nichebuster’ S. 73-75

„… to Art. 101 TFEU. Determining the abuse of a dominant position under Art. 102 TFEU in such a …”

Conclusion & Managerial Recommendation S. 78-82

„… proving Art. 101 TFEU compared to Art. 102 TFEU cases and the associated high priority for investigations …”

The ‘More Economic Approach’ to EU Competition Law S. 27-28

„… discussion paper on the application of Art. 82 of the EC Treaty (now Art. 102 TFEU) as also supporting this …”

Horizontal Scalability S. 75-76

„… originator’s market dominance according to Art. 102 TFEU may be more difficult to satisfy, which would allow …”

The Sector Inquiry as an EU Competition Law Instrument S. 28-30

„… in the regulation on the application of Art. 101.3 TFEU to categories of technology transfer …”

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Reforming the EU Treaties

Darren Harvey (ed.), Madlen Karg (ed.), Janine Prantl (ed.), Clara Rauchegger (ed.), Bernadette Zelger (ed.)

2023

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Pavlina Hubkova Getting Rid of Historic Relics – A Proposal to Modify Article 263 TFEU S. 101-124

„… preliminary rulings procedure (Article267 TFEU) and the plea of illegality (Article 277 TFEU).The plea of …” „… would a recommendation be challengeableunder Article 263 TFEU.The test to reveal ’true soft law’, which …” „… procedural avenue underArticle 267 TFEU.It would therefore be desirable to get rid of historic relics and to …”

Karol Piwoński How Much is Too Much? On the Need to Regulate the CJEU’s Power to Order Financial Penalties Under Article 279 TFEU S. 125-148

„… relationshipwith proceedings aimed at violations of EU Treaties (Art. 258–260 TFEU).For that reason, a legislative …” „… Financial Penalties under Art. 279 TFEU in Light of ItsRelationship with Art. 260 TFEUDue to some …” „… or 259 TFEU.A failure to respect the Court’s order imposing interim measures wouldnormally constitute …”

Mark Konstantinidis What Elephant? The Principle of Autonomy in Article 21 TEU S. 173-200

„… Article 267TFEU.In Opinion 2/13, the Court rejected the proposed agreement on the EU’saccession to the …” „… Article 344 TFEU rather than, say, Article 267 TFEU.Similarly, in paragraph 202, the CJEU reiterated that …” „… the Courtseems to associate it with both Articles 344 and 267 TFEU.III. The Normative Function of …”

Marjan Kos Differentiation in EU law as an Alternative to Addressing Crises by Treaty Reform S. 203-227

„… follow a coordinated economicpolicy25 and the whole Chapter 4 of Title VIII of the TFEU is dedicatedto …” „… . 136–138 TFEU.27 Also see: Protocol 14.28 cf Closa (n 23) 16–17.Marjan Kos208differentiation is enhanced …” „… . 114 TFEU34. Secondary-law differentiation also results from min‐imum harmonization,35 allowing MS to …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-18

„… Amendments to the TEU, TFEU and the Charter by Young Scholars of European LawDiese Publikation wurde mit …” „… TreatiesProposals for Amendments to the TEU, TFEU and the Charter by Young Scholars of European LawThe Deutsche …” „… Treaties Proposals for Amendments to the TEU, TFEU and the Charter by Young Scholars of European LawDarren …”

Laura Ablondi, Laia Guardiola Constitutionalising the Global Aspirations of the European Green Deal: Human Rights as a Blueprint? S. 151-172

„… in Art. 191(1) TFEU:‘promoting measures at international level to deal with regional or world‐wide …” „… relevantprovisions in the TEU3 and the TFEU4 provisions, specifically through anevaluation of their enabling and …” „… Consolidated Version of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union [2012]OJ C326/47 (TFEU).151 …”

Robert Böttner The Commission as a European Government S. 21-50

„… ) TFEU).While the Council’s presidency is rotating among the Member States, theEuropean Council has a full-time …” „… Stateson the basis of a system of strictly equal rotation (Article 244 TFEU).As regards the number of …” „… actions (seeRobert Böttner22Article 7 TFEU).2 This requires efficient institutions and a clear …”

Patrick Abel “Sustainable Legislation”: New Legislative Institutions in Reformed EU Treaties as a Building Block for Sustainable Development? S. 51-78

„… independent aswell (Art 285 and 287 TFEU).An SD institution can apply ‘checks and balances’ more effectively …” „… TFEU.Patrick Abel66to a single term.79 Indeed, this prevents the respective office holder fromorienting the …” „… rulings (Art 267 TFEU).This systemic feature of the European judiciary in environmental mattersmight …”

Šejla Imamović Continued Ambivalence in the Relationship between EU Law and the ECHR: Revision of the EU Charter as a Way Forward? S. 81-100

„… , ECLI:EU:C:2017:253, para123.64 As required under the terms of Art. 258 TFEU. The CJEU found for the first …” „… reference constitutes an infringement of Art. 258 TFEU in Case C-416/17,Commission v France, ECLI:EU:C …”

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Differentiated Integration at Work

Funda Tekin

Series: Studies on the European Union

Volume 6 2012

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Completion of the Picture of Differentiated Integration at Work: Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU S. 280-281

„… exclusionof Denmark from any measure that finds its legal base in Title V TFEU threatensto continuously and …” „… 18: Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU: Acceleration, Consolidation, Fragmenta-tionUK Ireland …” „… agree-ments / growingexclusion underTFEU European integration consolidation consolidationfuture fragmenta-tion …”

Flexibility Tools: Uniform Primary Law and Differentiated Secondary Law S. 93-114

„… (e.g.Art. 22 TFEU; Art. 23 TFEU).Furthermore, there are a substantial number of legal provisions in the …” „… Council isto make sure that all Member States have appropriate access to the results(Art. 184 TFEU).In …” „… . 92 TFEU,Art. 108(2) TFEU.3.1 Legal Framework: Delineation of Flexibility and Differentiation107action …”

Differentiated Integration Tools: Actual Differentiation in Primary Law S. 114-125

„… to as ‘Member States whose currency is the euro’ (Part VIII Chapter 4TFEU).While this division among …” „… ; Art. 140(1)TFEU) and participating Member States (Art. 139(1) TFEU; Art. 136-138 TFEU;Protocols No …” „… ) TFEU).Additionally, they define the coordination of the fiscal and economic policy(Art. 121(2) TFEU; Art. 126(9), (11 …”

The United Kingdom and Ireland: Knocking on Open Doors? S. 220-226

„… TFEUProtocolSource: Own compilation based on protocols annexed to the treaties.5.2 The Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU …” „… , TEU/TFEUSource: Own compilation, based on protocols annexed to the treaties.The Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU …” „… regime are summarised in Table 15.Table 15: Implementation of Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU-Differentiation …”

Intergovernmental and Supranational Policy-/Decision-Making and the Question of Access S. 166-175

„… TFEU).Thus, in consideration of the treaty provisions and the Commission’s proclamationthat substantial …” „… unanimity) (Art. 294 TFEU).Having said that, given the rather short period of time that has passed since …” „… Lisbon Treaty that introduces the OLP to the Title V TFEU.In spite of the restricted competences of the …”

Effects of Structural Differentiation: A History of Abuses, Kick-Outs, and Spill-Overs S. 256-273

„… participation in the Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU measures, andDenmark has recently been offered to apply a …” „… : Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU257making and preparatory bodies (see chapter 6). Thus, in general the …” „… Implementation of Differentiated Integration: Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU259dition that the provisions are …”

Denmark: Preservation of the Intergovernmental Character of the Schengen Cooperation S. 217-220

„… , TEU/TFEUSource: Own compilation, based on protocols annexed to the treaties.The Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU …” „… (Art. 5(2) Protocol on thePosition of Denmark, TEU/TEC; Art. 4(2) Protocol No. 22 TEU/TFEU). Yet …” „… TFEU on the AFSJ actually decreased Denmark’s influencein terms of the Schengen-related policies of the …”

The Abolition of the Opt-Outs: Rather Low Chances to Terminate Differentiation? S. 227-229

„… : Implementation of Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU-Differentiation: Den-mark’s Guiding Principlescore principles legal …” „… well asprotocol individually.The provisions of the Title IV TEC and the Title V TFEU protocol …” „… ), a so-called “escape clause” (Duff 2007:par. 23) has been included in the Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU …”

List of Graphs, Tables and Charts S. 15-16

„… Guiding Principles 219Table 15 Implementation of Title IV TEC/Title V TFEU-Differentiation: The United …” „… TFEU-Differentiation: Denmark’s Guiding Principles 227Table 17 Schengen: Acceleration, Consolidation, Fragmentation 255 …” „… Treaties 164Graph 15 Article 5 Schengen Protocol, TEU/TFEU 213Graph 16 Title IV TEC Protocol: the British …”

Catching a Structuring Glimpse on the Policies of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice S. 141-145

„… Treaty(exclusive competences Art. 3 TFEU; shared competences Art. 4 TFEU; coordination ofeconomic policy Art. 5 …” „… TFEU; actions to coordinate, support or supplement Member Stateactions Art. 6 TFEU). The Nice Treaty …” „… thenew provisions of the TEU-L and the TFEU till they are entirely and fully applicable.3 …”

Policy Participation: Cherry Picking but Still Coherent Participation S. 275-280

„… Agency that represents a TFEU-measure andhence will exclude Denmark, albeit it participated in all three …” „… of the institutionalised TitleIV TEC / Title V TFEU opt-in regimes of the UK and Ireland (see Graph …” „… Differentiated Integration: Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU275tures of differentiated decision-making lack the …”

The United Kingdom and Ireland: Legal Rights to Participate in the Schengen Acquis in Spite of the Maintenance of Borders S. 208-217

„… TEU/TFEU = Lisbonwill be given.220 The respective enabling clause in the Amsterdam Treaty used the term …” „… . Article 5 of the Schengen Protocol, TEU/TFEU clarifies the criteria for an opt-in requirement or an opt-in …” „… based on the Schengen Protocol, TEU/TFEU.within 3 monthstimelinedecision on theextent of …”

Finding a Compromise within a Tailor-Made Opt-In S. 273-275

„… TFEU-measure andhence will exclude Denmark, albeit it participated in all three IT systems269 thatare to be …” „… Regulation policy.(2) The Commission proposal simply states in recurrence to Art. 1 Protocol No.21, TEU/TFEU …” „… TFEU273submit their notification of participation. Consequently, this particular auto-matic exclusion …”

Ireland and the United Kingdom: Time Pressure and Parliamentary Scrutiny S. 238-243

„… organisation and practice of eachMember State” (Protocol No. 1, TEU/TFEU). Whether parliamentary control …” „… from the Commission (Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU Protocol).This time limit might cause the UK and/or …” „… ).242 To thisend, the British government forwards within two weeks any given Title IV TEC /Title V TFEU …”

Denmark: Knocking on Closed Doors? S. 226-227

„… TEC / Title V TFEU-Differentiation: Den-mark’s Guiding Principlescore principles legal basegeneral …” „… of avisa is exempt from this opt-out (Art. 6 Protocol No. 22, TEU/TFEU). However, apossibility to …” „… implement particular provisions of Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU underinternational law similar to the …”

Patterns of Differentiated Integration at Work in the AFSJ S. 284-292

„… more volatileas regards the Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU acquis. Structural differentiation isdiminished …” „… legislative procedure (Art. 3(2) Title V TFEU Protocol), to theend of precluding that this country blocked the …” „… ).Thus, as regards the Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU opt-in regime, implementationof the differentiated …”

Ireland: The Pragmatist S. 195-201

„… acquis and the supranational Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU is complementedby a substantial although complex …” „… political commitment to take part in the Title V TFEU “to themaximum extent possible” (Declaration No. 56 …” „… , TEU /TFEU) and of keeping the4.3 Outsider Member States' Positions in Light of Centripetal Effects197 …”

Domestic Conditions: Referendum as Key to Joining the European Fold? S. 138-141

„… Title IV TEC /Title V TFEU measures via bilateral agreements which requires additional national …” „… UK fulfils the necessary conditions(Art. 9 (b) Protocol No. 15, TEU/TFEU) – provisions on the …” „… TFEU requires an amendment of the Protocol No. 21, TEU/TFEU, andhence of primary law, the UK is …”

Acceleration Consolidation Fragmentation: What is it Going to Be? S. 292-297

„… abrogation of the UK’s opt-out/opt-in as re-gards Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU requires a treaty amendment and …” „… abrogate their derogationsby a unilateral act – Ireland in terms of the Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU …” „… acquisand Denmark in terms of the Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU as well as the Schengenacquis. The domestic …”

Denmark: Veto Points Determined by the Question of Sovereignty Transfer S. 243-245

„… regards the Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU, this time span seems sufficientto prepare their general interest …” „… (seeArt. 8 Protocol No. 22 TEU/TFEU).248 It remains hence to be observed whetherthe very “efficient …” „… and Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU derogationregimes generate a substantial scope of costs of exclusion …”

The Schengen Agreement as Backbone of Differentiation: Helpful Laboratory or Trauma? S. 151-166

„… cooperation (Art. 20 TEU-L, Art. 329 TFEU), or an individual MemberState to pull the so-called emergency brake …” „… ) TFEU). However, thepotential of such flexibility tools to retain cooperation of Member States within …” „… IV TEC / Title V TFEU as well as of the implementation of such dif-ferentiated integration structures …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… Characterof the Schengen Cooperation5.1.2217The Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU Protocol: Freedom of Choice …” „… TFEU7.2256Effects of Structural Differentiation: A History of Abuses,Kick-Outs, and Spill-Overs7.2.1256 …” „… / Title V TFEU7.2.4280Conclusions and Outlook8. 282Differentiated Integration at Work: How to Close the …”

The Institutional Design: Determination of the Relevance of Access Points for the ‘Outs’ in Differentiated Decision-Making S. 126-131

„… initiate legislation with the Member States (Art. 76 TFEU).The right to initiate legislation, alone, does …” „… differentiation needs to be assessed in terms of theSchengen area and the Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU as well as …” „… of implementing the treaties”(Art. 225 TFEU). The facts elaborated so far give evidence of the EU’s …”

The United Kingdom: A Stranger in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice? S. 185-195

„… TEC and Title V TFEU (seechapter 4.1.2). The eventual requirement to adapt the general principles of …” „… the explanation of the British opt-out from the comple-mentary policies, Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU …” „… supranational Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU is complementedby a substantial although complex opt-in regime. The …”

The Full Circle of ‘Freedom’, ‘Security’ and ‘Justice’ S. 175-178

„… via the accelerator mechanism (Art. 82 83, 86,87 TFEU).Thus, a balance between the preservation of …” „… Member States(Art. 329 TFEU). However, if a given Member State pulls the emergency brakewithin a …”

List of Abbreviations S. 17-18

„… TreatyTFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the European UnionQMV Qualified Majority VotingUK United Kingdom of …”

Research Design: The Case, Variables, Assumptions, Methodology S. 27-36

„… European Union1.2 Research Design: The Case, Variables, Assumptions, Methodology29(TFEU).16 The …” „… TFEU and the former Title IV TEC arequoted without the indication of ‘Part III’.17 For further readings …”

A Conclusive Assessment of the Institutionalisation of Opt-Outs in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice as Independent Variable S. 125-126

„… differentiation needs to be assessed in terms of theSchengen area and the Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU as well as …”

Completion of the Picture of Differentiated Integration at Work: Schengen S. 254-256

„… with a broad framework to pick-and-choose their participation in the Title IV TEC / Title V TFEU …” „… TEC / TitleV TFEUThe opt-out/opt-in regimes that relate to the AFSJ policies that do not form part …”

Guiding Assumptions Refined: Yardsticks for Patterns of Differentiated Integration at Work S. 145-150

„… assumed that the likelihood137 See for example Article 5(3) Schengen Protocol, TEU/TFEU.138 The Hague …”

The Commission: The Neutral Broker in the Paths of Differentiated Integration at Work S. 230-234

„… Protocol and Title IVTEC / Title V TFEU Protocol).As regards the implementation of differentiated …”

The Council Working Structures: Everyone on Board S. 234-238

„… of eachMember State” (Protocol No. 1, TEU/TFEU). Whether parliamentary control re-presents “more an …”

The Stickiness of Structures of Differentiated Policy-/Decision-Making S. 61-66

„… , Art. 76TFEU). The Court of Justice of the European Union can be assumed to applya similar unitarian …”

Externalities: The Pressure for Circumvention of Differentiated Integration S. 131-138

„… can be rather substantial: e.g. Denmark having to implement Title IV TEC /Title V TFEU measures via …”

Denmark: In Defence of Intergovernmental Cooperation S. 201-207

„… the AFSJ in the TFEU, Denmark, to a certain extent,is going to face extradition from the European …”

Effects of Structural Differentiation in Schengen: Either in or Out? S. 246-252

„… the Schengen area and the Title IV TEC / TitleV TFEU in view of the three yardsticks of the analysis …”

A Structuring Approach to Differentiated Integration: State of the Art, Key Aspects and Core Research Questions S. 19-27

„… the former third pillar of Justice and Home Affairs(JHA) cooperation into Title V TFEU on the Area of …”

The Inter-linkage of Individual Policies and Policy Measures S. 178-185

„… such offences” (Art. 86 TFEU).Thus, this presentation of the main policy measures and instruments of …”

Theoretical Findings on Differentiated Integration as Second-Best Solution and Its Rationale S. 50-61

„… clarification of the informal meetings of the Euro Group bythe Lisbon Treaty (Protocol No. 14, TEU/TFEU).2 …”

Primary Sources S. 301-309

„… /jan/uk-report-on-tfeu-jha.pdf, (24 June 2011).Working Group X “Freedom, Security and Justice” (2002): Summary of the meeting …”

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Innovation Competition

Kurz

Series: Europäisches Wirtschaftsrecht

Volume 73 2022

Results in this title

III) Innovation Competition and the scope of its application in EU Competition Law S. 173-258

„… 101 and 102 TFEU as well. A) Restrictive Agreements according to Article 101 TFEU One may think of …” „… applying the Commissions rationale in Dow/DuPont to restrictive agreements under Article 101 TFEU. As an …” „… additional seven years being exempted from Article 101 (1) TFEU. As a result, two of the most important …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… the Dow/DuPont merger and its application in the scope of Article 101 and 102 TFEU NomosC.H. Beck …” „… of harm in the Dow/DuPont merger and its application in the scope of Article 101 and 102 TFEU Nomos …” „… in the Dow/DuPont merger and its application in the scope of Article 101 and 102 TFEU Katrin Silja …”

I) Introduction S. 21-23

„… of European competition law – prohibition of restrictive agreements according to Article 101 TFEU …” „… , prohibition of abuse of dominance according to Article 102 TFEU and merger control – seem to rest upon the …” „… innovation competition approach in Dow/DuPont into the setting of Article 101 and 102 TFEU. With respect to …”

IV) Summary S. 259-280

„… . Innovation is one of the objectives of the TEU and TFEU. Innovation and competition are both pillars of the …” „… ) Restrictive agreements according to Article 101 TFEU (a) Starting points for an assessment under Article 101 …” „… TFEU The Commissions innovation competition approach in Dow/DuPont affects the position of an …”

II) Innovation Competition: The Dow/DuPont Decision S. 24-172

„… European Union (“TFEU”), the “internal market shall comprise an area without internal frontiers in which …” „… of the Treaties.” Article 26 TFEU concretizes Article 3 TEU12 and emphasizes that realizing these …” „… “Union policies and internal actions” in the TFEU and as the first aim in Article 3 15 (3) TEU underlines …”

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Exploring the Uncharted Waters of European Competition Law 4.0

Hendrik Schulze

Series: Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen (ZERP)

Volume 81 2021

Results in this title

H. The immanence of data processing by online platforms – an extension of the so-called “Immanenztheorie” to Art. 102 TFEU S. 129-133

„… “Immanenztheorie” to Art. 102 TFEU The previous chapter has shown that the competition authorities have both the …” „… platforms like Facebook might escape the application of Art. 102 TFEU, nonetheless. More precisely, it shall …” „… could be realized is an extension of the so-called immanence theory (“Immanenztheorie”) to Art. 102 TFEU …”

F. The interplay between big data and data protection considerations and Art. 102 TFEU in order to regulate “platform power” – the Bundeskartellamt`s Facebook case in the context of European competiti... S. 86-121

„… The interplay between big data and data protection considerations and Art. 102 TFEU in order to …” „… normative yardstick, especially for Art. 102 TFEU. In the following section, this possibility as seen in the …” „… internalized by or incorporated within Art. 102 TFEU and is such an approach – by which data protection and …”

D. The relation between data protection and competition law S. 56-69

„… Art. 102 TFEU. Nevertheless, in some areas privacy concerns do play a role when it comes to …” „… parallels in particular between the GDPR and Art. 102 TFEU will be elaborated (more under II. 2.). Lastly …” „… TFEU is one of the competition rules necessary for the functioning of the internal market.193 Thus …”

C. Overview of the core legal framework S. 41-55

„… consists of data protection and competition law. More precisely, the European GDPR and Art. 102 of the TFEU …” „… constitute the core legal framework for this work. The following part will first elaborate Art. 102 TFEU …” „… the Functioning of the European Union Generally speaking, Art. 102 TFEU deals with the unilateral …”

A. Introduction S. 13-19

„… Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), on which this dissertation will be focused, came …” „… . 102 TFEU was the former Art. 86 of Treaty establishing the European Economic Community signed March 25 …” „… of Lisbon from 2007. The wording of Art. 86 (nowadays Art. 102 TFEU) remained essentially the same …”

J. Final conclusion and future prospects S. 153-158

„… more precisely Art. 102 TFEU faces new challenges due to the data-driven business models in the digital …” „… aimed to answer the question as to whether Art. 102 TFEU should receive normative guidance from rules …” „… . 102 TFEU. With regard to the assessment of dominance, access to big data can constitute a barrier to …”

G. Competence and expertise of competition authorities to enforce compliance with data protection law through competition law sanctions S. 122-128

„… (EC) No. 1/2003,446 based on its abusive character in the sense of Art. 102 TFEU, could in principle …” „… sense of Art. 102 TFEU cannot in itself be sufficient to sanction the behaviour under the competition …” „… have the power to bring infringements of Art. 101 and 102 TFEU to an end. Hence, once a certain 446 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… data protection considerations and Art. 102 TFEU in order to regulate “platform power” – the …” „… Protection Regulation as a normative yardstick for Art. 102 TFEU I. 87 Big data and data protection …” „… considerations as criteria for the establishment of dominance under Art. 102 TFEU 1. 88 The extent of data …”

E. The Facebook case of the Bundeskartellamt S. 70-85

„… required under Sec. 19 ARC – the German equivalent to Art. 102 TFEU.307 Especially fundamental rights such …” „… German Federal Court of Justice 83 of Art. 267 TFEU.309 The ECJ shall now clarify whether a violation of …” „… “core provision” of European competition law – meaning Art. 102 TFEU – will be discussed next. 316 See …”

Bibliography S. 159-178

„… , “Testing Art. 102 TFEU in the Digital Marketplace“, Journal of European Competition Law and Practice 2018 …” „… Article 102 TFEU”, available on the internet under https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id …”

B. Big data and the digital economy S. 20-40

„… contractual performance, this behavior might be classified as abusive under Art. 102 (2) (a) TFEU. Behind this …” „… as abusive under Art. 102 (2) (a) TFEU. On this basis it must then be seen as equally abusive, if the …”

I. The classification of online platforms like Facebook as a natural monopoly sui generis and the problems arising from it S. 134-152

„… theory to Art. 102 TFEU. However, besides regulating dominant internet platforms through an …”

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