Towards an Ever More Differentiated Union? – Exit Strategies from Differentiated Integration

Sebastian Zeitzmann

doi:10.5771/1435-439X-2022-4-859

Contents
- Chapter Expand | CollapseAuthorsPage
- 687–688 Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis 687–688
- 689–690 Geleitwort 689–690
- 691–708 AUKUS, Quad und ANZUS – Neues und Altes zur Sicherheitsarchitektur Australiens Jürgen Bröhmer Jürgen Bröhmer 691–708
- 709–732 Funktionswandel von Grundfreiheiten und Grundrechten im Recht der Europäischen Union als Legitimationsproblem Christian Calliess Christian Calliess 709–732
- 733–754 25 Jahre europäischer Beitrittsprozess von Osterweiterung über Stillstand zu notwendigen Reformen Mareike Fröhlich, Anja Trautmann Mareike Fröhlich, Anja Trautmann 733–754
- 755–772 European AI Regulation: Brussels Effect versus Human Dignity? Oskar J. Gstrein Oskar J. Gstrein 755–772
- 773–790 Die Russland-Sanktionen der EU – die Kraft, die aus der Krise kommt? Robin van der Hout Robin van der Hout 773–790
- 791–802 The EU Energy Sector in Turmoil. Legal Aspects of the Role of Gas as a Bridge towards the Net-Zero: A Concise Outlook Maria Meng-Papantoni Maria Meng-Papantoni 791–802
- 803–818 On the Lack of a General Part for EU Private International Law Zlatan Meškić Zlatan Meškić 803–818
- 819–842 Der Grundsatz der Energiesolidarität als unionsverfassungsrechtlicher Rechtmäßigkeitsmaßstab: Besprechung der unionsgerichtlichen Entscheidungen in den Rechtssachen T-883/16 und C-848/19 P Kristina Müller Kristina Müller 819–842
- 843–858 The EU’s Commitment to Social and Environmental Standards in its Modernised Trade Defence Instruments Pieter Van Vaerenbergh Pieter Van Vaerenbergh 843–858
- 859–874 Towards an Ever More Differentiated Union? – Exit Strategies from Differentiated Integration Sebastian Zeitzmann Sebastian Zeitzmann 859–874
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ZEuS Zeitschrift für Europarechtliche Studien , page 859 - 874

Towards an Ever More Differentiated Union? – Exit Strategies from Differentiated Integration

Autoren

Sebastian Zeitzmann

DOI
- doi.org/10.5771/1435-439X-2022-4-859
- ISSN: 1435-439X
- ISSN online: 2942-3589
Abstract

In the past 25 years, differentiated policies and mechanisms of differentiated decision-making have rapidly gained prominence and relevance on EU level. It is not only well-known EU policies such as the euro currency or the Schengen area of borderless travel which fall within the scope of EU activity in which not all Member States participate in. Rather, also lesser known instruments exist, such as constructive abstention in Common Foreign and Security Policy, the enhanced cooperation procedure, or Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO). A rapidly less homogenous circle of EU members and either the unwillingness or the unpreparedness on part of some of them to fully participate - if at all - in certain EU activity has resulted in an ever more differentiated EU. Is the Union destined to become one of ‘bits and pieces’? Or is there a solution to the conundrum of the incompatibility of simultaneously enlarging and deepening the EU, an incompatibility which has been one of the driving factors behind differentiations? In other words: Do strategies exist to eventually truly create the ever closer Union of fully integrated Member States?
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