The internet - or more generally cyberspace - is an essential part of modern societies, civil life, and directly as well as indirectly a crucial economic factor. The underlying technologies are an increasing target for economic or intelligence espionage and military activities. The access to this new domain “cyberspace”, the control of its technologies, as well as the possibilities of its protection become more and more key for societal participation, economic and national welfare and, therefore, an integral part of internal and foreign security policies. The specific characteristics of cyberspace are major challenges for the application of established norms such as human rights, international cooperation and peace-keeping. Cyberspace is a completely man-made domain, and computer sciences are the essential designers of this domain. By means of historical examples, this article discusses the emerging role of computer sciences and the necessity to recognize its accountability. It aims to illustrate possibilities to actively take on this responsibility and to shape technological advancements for a peaceful and non-military application of cyberspace.
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