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Probleme und Perspektiven der Internationalisierung des Wettbewerbsrechts

Thilo Reimers

Series: Völkerrecht und Außenpolitik

Volume 74 2007

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Das North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) S. 71-73

„… Agreement (NAFTA)1. Aufgaben, Inhalte und institutionelle StrukturDas North American Free Trade Agreement …” „… relevant sind, wird hierauf an anderer Stelle zurückzukommen sein.II. Das North American Free Trade …” „… vorerst nicht zu erwarten.235III. Die Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)1. Aufgaben, Inhalte und …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 25-28

„… del SurMSG Merger Streamlining GroupNAFTA North American Free Trade AgreementNGAs Non-governmental …” „… WirtschaftsgemeinschaftF. 2nd Federal Reporter Second Series FA Foreign Affairs (Zeitschrift)26FTAA Free Trade Area of the …” „… AmericasFTC Federal Trade CommissionFusKVO FusionskontrollverordnungGATT General Agreement on Tariffs and …”

Verzeichnis der zitierten Literatur S. 301-316

„… – 48.Barfield, Claude E.: Free Trade, Sovereignty, Democracy – The Future of the World Trade …” „… , Report on the second Annual Conference of the ICN.Free Trade Area of the Americas: FTAA-Free Trade Area …” „… , Paris, 2001.– The Relationship between Regional Trade Agreements and the Multilateral Trading …”

Vorbemerkung: Grundformen regionaler Handelsübereinkommen S. 69-71

„… - bzw. Mitgliedstaaten gehören hierzu dasNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), das (ursprünglich …” „… anderer Stelle zurückzukommen sein.II. Das North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)1. Aufgaben, Inhalte …” „… und institutionelle StrukturDas North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) wurde am 17.12.1992 …”

Die Diskussion über die Weiterentwicklung bilateraler Kooperationsabkommen S. 67-69

„… - bzw. Mitgliedstaaten gehören hierzu dasNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), das (ursprünglich …” „… ) für 2005 geplante Übereinkommen zur Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), der Mercado Común del Sur …” „… between Regional Trade Agreements and the Multilateral Trading System: Competition (TP/TC/WP(2002)19/FINAL …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-24

„… Agreement (NAFTA) 71III. Die Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) 73IV. Der Mercado Común del Sur …” „… Handelsübereinkommen 69II. Das North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) 711. Aufgaben, Inhalte und institutionelle …” „… Handelsübereinkommen 69I. Vorbemerkung: Grundformen regionaler Handelsübereinkommen 69II. Das North American Free Trade …”

Die Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) S. 73-78

„… Regelungen des NAFTA sind daher vorerst nicht zu erwarten.235III. Die Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)1 …” „… . Aufgaben, Inhalte und institutionelle StrukturDie Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) sollte …” „… Mexiko und Venezuela auf Geschäftsträgerebene zurückgestuft. 238 FTAA-Free Trade Area of the …”

Einleitung S. 29-33

„… Trade Agreement(NAFTA),4 auf das (ursprünglich) für 2005 geplante Übereinkommen zur Free4 Abgedruckt in …” „… Handels ausgerichteten Übereinkommen gefunden.Zu verweisen ist insbesondere auf das North American Free …” „… : ILM 32 (1993), S. 289ff. 31Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA),5 auf den Mercado Común del Sur …”

Zur »Konstitutionalisierung« des WTO-Rechts S. 279-281

„… , Verfassungsperspektiven und Legitimation, passim sowie Barfield, Free Trade, Sovereignty,Democracy, passim.1336 Siehe …” „… Verhandlungsperspektiven im Bereich »Trade Facilitation«siehe nur Woolcock, Intereconomics, Vol. 38 (2003), S. 254f. Zu den …” „… Petersmann, The Transformation of the WorldTrading System through the 1994 Agreement Establishing the World …”

Zur Entwicklung des WTO-Rechts S. 248-279

„… Barfield, Free Trade, Sovereignty, Democracy, S. 143ff.). 1310 108th Congress, 1st Session, S. 676. Eine …” „… , Verfassungsperspektiven und Legitimation, passim sowie Barfield, Free Trade, Sovereignty,Democracy, passim.1336 Siehe …” „… (Committee on Trade andEnvironment) errichtet.1198 Mittlerweile wurden sogar formelle Verhandlungenüber die …”

Inhaltliche Probleme S. 167-215

„… theTRIPS Agreement and Prospects for its further Development, JIEL Vol. 1 (1998), S. 523-536 (insbesondere …” „… S. 527ff.) sowie Geuze/Wager, WTO Dispute Settlement Practice Relating to the TRIPS agreement, JIEL …” „… Waincymer, WTO Litigation, S. 135ff. sowie Palmeter/Mavroidis, Dispute Settlement in the World Trade …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845200644

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Israel's European policy after the Cold War

Stefan Ahlswede

Series: Düsseldorfer Schriften zu Internationaler Politik und Völkerrecht

Volume 6 2009

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The 1975 Free Trade and Cooperation Agreement S. 125-127

„… formed and implemented, why, and by whom. 4.1. The 1975 Free Trade and Cooperation Agreement The main …” „… , and general rules of trade. Trade in services was not addressed in the agreement.336 Israel-EC free …” „… EC. For Israel, the importance of the 1975 free trade agreement had not primarily lain in the …”

Confusion over Israel’s goal S. 146-153

„… an agreement aiming at liberalisation of international trade in services.434 Even so, free trade in …” „… : Now is time to ask for an updated free trade pact, 1992. 423 Ahlswede, 1998x. 424 Neue Verhandlungen …” „… , some very e?ective non-tari? barriers would be removed that have hindered bilateral trade so far. Free …”

The dispute on rules of origin S. 160-164

„… between Israel and the PA, just as the EU itself signed a free trade agreement with the Palestinian …” „… Authority form a customs union in any case. The EU signed a free trade agreement with the PA, very much to …” „… accept cumulative rules of origin of Israel and the Palestinian areas, the EU demanded a trade agreement …”

Abbreviations S. 11-12

„… Free Trade Association EMA Euro-Mediterranean Agreement EMBL European Molecular Biology Laboratory EMBO …” „… Cooperation FTA Free Trade Area GAFTA Greater Arab Free Trade Area GATT General Agreements on Tari? and Trade …” „… GATS General Agreements on Trade in Services GDR German Democratic Republic GDP gross domestic product …”

The causes and implications of the trade deficit with the EC S. 127-130

„… Hirsch’s 1996 analysis suggest that any of Israel’s free trade area agreements (with the EU, EFTA and the …” „… goods, but not in an inadequacy of Israel’s free trade agreements.347 Generally speaking, a partial …” „… , the pattern of Israel’s trade with the EC changed over time. Since the 1975 agreement had vastly …”

The role of private interest groups S. 212-215

„… the mid 70s, before the 1975 agreement, there had been virtually no pressure group against free trade …” „… insurances had reservations about free trade in financial services with the EU.677 The analysis strongly …” „… this so? For one thing, the EMA did not create a free trade area where none had been before, like the …”

An assessment after ten years S. 106-108

„… text of the Agadir Agreement, see The Agreement for the Establishment of a Free Trade Zone between the …” „… , given that the Euro-Mediterranean free trade area had been envisioned for 2010. Even so, it can boast a …” „… produced in the MNMs already entered the EU free from duties before the EMP, but trade barriers on EU …”

The dispute on public procurement S. 164-166

„… in the negotiations, simply for the lack of Israeli-Jordanian and Jordanian-EU free trade agreements …” „… last issues to delay the signing of the agreement.513 Israel has a persistent trade deficit with the EU …” „… influenced by existing GATT and WTO agreements on the global level, predominantly the 1994 WTO Agreement on …”

Nature and aims of the EMP S. 104-106

„… countries (MNMs) and amongst the MNMs, thereby gradually establishing a free trade area. Thirdly, the EMP …” „… Mediterranean partners themselves, leading to an integrated Euro-Mediterranean free trade area in the Barcelona …” „… free trade area had been envisioned for 2010. Even so, it can boast a remarkable record in dismantling …”

Reference List S. 285-322

„… . (1994). The role of the free trade agreement between Israel and the EEC: The legal framework for trading …” „… . (1980). Israel and the European Common Market: An appraisal of the 1975 Free Trade Agreement. Tübingen …” „… envoy: Now is time to ask for an updated free trade pact (1992, July 31). Jerusalem Post (Jerusalem), 11 …”

Aims in detail S. 153-160

„… enter the EC from Israel will be granted the preferences granted in an EC-Israel free trade agreement …” „… companies. Secondly, it was expected that free trade in financial services with the EU would facilitate …” „… the new agreement be called an “association agreement”: the term is reserved for European agreements …”

Index S. 323-331

„… , 90, 98 General Agreements on Tari? and Trade (GATT) 145, 164, 166, 193, 214 General Agreements on …” „… Free Trade Area (GAFTA) 107 Greece 34, 44, 62, 63, 127, 128, 129, 177 Gulf war 38, 137, 192, 210 …” „… Mediation 30, 101, 104 Mediator 31, 101, 102, 103, 104, 112, 241, 274 Mediterranean Arab Free Trade …”

Rhetoric S. 186-193

„… valid trade agreements. “Unfair discrimination” by the EC against Israel boils down to the fact that …” „… . Rather we can assume it was declaratory policy, invoking the ethics of free trade as a tactic to counter …” „… in matters “outside its field of professional expertise”, causing grave damage to trade relations by …”

The dynamics of further European integration S. 130-132

„… products. Also, even if the extension of free trade in services to EFTA did not create new sorts of …” „… and the European Economic Area, the existing trade agreement had to be updated. This was exactly what …” „… 130 a fixation on reducing the trade deficit with the EC and sought to balance Israel’s foreign …”

Exploratory talks S. 144-146

„… Israel suggests, from an EC point of view the free trade of services and scientific cooperation would be …” „… its lack of interest.421 The Uruguay round of the World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) General Agreements …” „… these terms imply? 422 EC envoy: Now is time to ask for an updated free trade pact, 1992. 423 Ahlswede …”

The internal dispute on Israel’s goal S. 170-174

„… negotiation team, the Ministries of Finance, of Industry and Trade and the Foreign Ministry. The Ministry of …” „… . The Ministry of Industry and Trade, whilst being the only trade professionals in the negotiation team …” „… Trade came to the negotiations with a mere list of demands.534 After all, the Foreign Ministry, heading …”

Internal operational environment S. 42-48

„… World Trade Organisation (WTO) and has signed free trade agreements with its most important trading …” „… trade policy has therefore aimed to achieve free trade since the mid-1980s.65 Israel is a member of the …” „… of final status talks. In 1995 Israel and the PLO concluded an interim agreement commonly known as …”

Use the EU’s good services S. 247-250

„… followed: that the MNMs first conclude free trade agreements amongst themselves before the EU granted such …” „… In the negotiations for the upgrading of the 1975 Trade and Cooperation Agreement, Israel did not …” „… tried to motivate the EC to help bring about a peace agreement with Jordan in the late 1980s. Jordan …”

The dispute on agricultural products S. 166-167

„… to delay the signing of the agreement.513 Israel has a persistent trade deficit with the EU when it …” „… trade in services had not been addressed in the 1975 TCA. Israel’s 1985 agreement with the US, too, did …” „… Uruguay round’s General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). Due to its immigration policy, Israel …”

Has Israel achieved its aims? S. 215-218

„… only country outside of Europe that has established a free trade area with the EU based on full …” „… trade agreements with Mediterranean and Eastern European countries too, the 1995 agreement clearly …” „… achievements are remarkable. Israel set out to achieve more favourable rules of origin in its trade relations …”

Remarks on Israel’s policy style S. 221-225

„… , to say the least. Economists have contested that modifications of the EU-Israel free trade area were …” „… long list of non-prioritised demands of the Ministries of Industry and Trade and of Agriculture and an …” „… . At the same time, Israel itself is in a seriously inferior position, crucially dependent on trade …”

Motivation of the European Parliament S. 59-65

„… Israel’s trade agreement with the EC was not to be adapted, Israel’s market share in the EC might well …” „… and were free to choose their commercial partners. On the face of it, this was a technicality and may …” „… agreement on how to adjust the 1975 TCA to the increased competition Israel faced from Spain and Portugal …”

External operational environment S. 29-42

„… 1994. 2.1.1.2.2. The greater EU system Through its 1975 and 1995 trade and association agreements with …” „… . Its interests are oriented towards the free trade areas in the Americas, Europe and South-West Asia …” „… trade agreement with the EEC. In 1964 an initial three-year commercial agreement was signed,52 followed …”

Incompatible visions: European or Middle Eastern? S. 268-270

„… did not imply that Israel should trade its European fixation – let alone the US connection – for a …” „… than look at the fairly low potential for intra-regional trade to understand that point. Also, the …” „… EU insisted the 1995 agreement should be called a Euro-Mediterranean Agreement, just as any other …”

Further measures S. 195-202

„… enhanced EU trade status, 1995. 642 Harish to demand delay on vote on EU Agreement, 1995; Kohl meets Rabin …” „… , US$ 9,000 million may not be something to be sneezed at indeed, but after all, the EU’s trade with …” „… Israel is still just a mere 1 per cent of the EU’s total foreign trade. Israel may have made some threats …”

Israel’s perspective S. 108-113

„… all countries concerned and free trade agreements amongst all of these are implemented. This meant …” „… , of course, is market access: by 2010, the Euro-Mediterranean free trade area is envi- 286 See e. g …” „… 1998. 109 sioned, removing trade barriers to Israeli exports into the other MNM partner countries …”

Background of Israel’s counterproductive behaviour S. 66-70

„… December 1987 agreement with the EC. When Peres reiterated Israel’s wish-list 129 Ahlswede, 1998o. 130 …” „… agreement in the cabinet and amongst the ministerial o?cials to not really implement the December 1987 …” „… Ministry of Industry and Trade. Sharon, the Minister, tried to put the brakes on the Treasury’s e?orts to …”

Excursion: the EC agrees to negotiations – a success of Israeli policy? S. 134-144

„… a free trade area agreement in early 1992, and according to Israeli o?cials the EC applied pressure …” „… agreement. The Minister of Industry and Trade, intent to portrait himself as protector of Israeli jobs and …” „… expectations would be from a renewed EC-Israeli agreement: rules of origin more favourable to Israeli products …”

Israel’s motivation to agree S. 77-85

„… EC-Israel Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) and accordingly discussed only economic matters and such …” „… was that the EC would have to update the 1975 Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) in any case. In …” „… Israel’s aspirations for a new and improved economic agreement. Gianni de Michelis, the Italian foreign …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… . The 1975 Free Trade and Cooperation Agreement 125 4.2. The situation in the early 90s 127 4.2.1. The …” „… 3.2.4. Conclusion 88 3.3. A European role in the Grapes of Wrath agreement 89 3.3.1. Israel’s motivation …” „… causes and implications of the trade deficit with the EC 129 4.2.2. The dynamics of further European …”

Sanctions, threats and retaliation S. 193-195

„… particular Rabin launched a number of rhetorical attacks against the Europeans. “Europe talks about the free …” „… trade relations. When Israel had made peace with the PLO and progress still remained sluggish, Rabin …” „… punish the EU by not signing the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement, which would open up Israeli …”

State of research S. 15-16

„… Monetary System. Herman, 2005 analyses the potential of an EU-Israel free trade in services agreement …” „… aspects of Euro-Israeli relations: Einhorn, 1994 analyses how the 1975 Israel-EC Cooperation Agreement has …” „… Agreement. Another specialised study, by Laufer, 1997, lays open the EU’s institutional infrastructure …”

A third leg – Counterbalance a possible decrease of American commitment S. 113-119

„… collection of Israel’s motivations to pursue upgrading its outdated 1975 Free Trade and Cooperation Agreement …” „… restraint over deportees issue, 1993; EC vows funds for PLO, more trade for Israel, 1993; [Peres: Nur Europa …” „… economy had always set itself squarely with the US preference of free-marketism. More than that, years of …”

The case studies S. 16-18

The EU as the facilitator of peace S. 243-247

„… followed: that the MNMs first conclude free trade agreements amongst themselves before the EU granted such …” „… prospective agreement 720 Dayan schlägt Marshall-Plan für den Nahen Osten vor, 1979. 721 See e. g. Peres …” „… Grapes of Wrath. Last, but certainly not least, Peres and Rabin regarded upgrading the 1975 trade …”

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Tomorrow's Silk Road

Jacques Pelkmans, Joseph Francois

2018

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Part I. The Global and Bilateral Context S. 35-64

„… Agreement, it is under negotiation; China is ‘in’. TOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE …” „… afford to experience discrimination. TOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT …” „… FTAs. TOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 41 highly dynamic nature of …”

Preface S. i-xviii

„… . Tomorrow’s Silk Road Assessing an EU-China Free Trade Agreement CEPS Team Jacques Pelkmans (Study Leader …” „… Invested Enterprise (in China) FIPA Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement FTZ Free Trade …” „… Telecommunication Union JV Joint Venture KORUS United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement M&A Merger and Acquisition …”

Part II. Design and Substance of an EU-China FTA S. 65-242

„… so-called ‘living agreement’). Clearly, all this is rather different from the original idea of a free trade …” „… AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 67 a significant degree of commitment. The broad scope implies …” „… ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 69 6. Market access in industrial goods: An …”

References S. 288-296

„… International Economics, Washington, D.C. TOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 289 …” „… ). Copenhagen Economics (2011), Ex-post assessment of six EU free trade agreements: An econometric assessment of …” „… / dealing-chinese-investment-wave-overhauling-western-response). TOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 295 Roland, G. (2000 …”

Executive Summary S. 1-32

„… a strong emphasis on concluding Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) with dynamic East Asian economies …” „… study attempts to provide a solid analytical basis for negotiations on an EU-China Free Trade Agreement …” „… TOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 3 out of steam. Higher productivity …”

Part III. Potential Economic Impact: A CGE-based simulation of effects of the FTA S. 243-281

„… underlying the graphs that follow. TOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 245 …” „… FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 247 from column A, $28.4 billion in business and ICT services were included in …” „… . TOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 249 Figure 17.1 EU 2014 imports of mass …”

Annex V. Technical Overview for CGE Modelling S. 315-325

„… j z jTOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 317 output and the …” „… Framework TOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 319 Table A6. Table of key …” „… EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 321 Armington preferences, we can define a CES composite good in terms of …”

Introduction S. 33-34

„… that would form a possible free trade agreement (FTA) between China and the EU and made every effort to …” „… comprehensive free trade area.1 This idea was catapulted to the near-future agenda when President Xi Jinping …” „… Commissioner Cecilia Malmström (2016) clearly stated that a free trade area with China would be subject to two …”

Part IV. Conclusions and Policy Implications S. 282-287

„… preferably together. The partnership TOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 283 …” „… not going to be TOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 285 possible in …” „… effects and their TOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 287 repercussions …”

Annex II. Public Procurement in China and the EU S. 303-310

„… ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 305 as a prerequisite for government procurement in …” „… 3.182. TOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 307 aircraft purchasing and …” „… Works [1982] E.C.R.I-457. TOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 309 On the …”

Annex I. European TRQs S. 297-302

„… TOMORROW’S SILK ROAD: ASSESSING AN EU-CHINA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 299 0405 Butter and other fats and oils …” „… FREE TRADE AGREEMENT │ 301 65/67/92/94/96/98 and -4000) 1007 Grain sorghum 1 0 €94/t 30,000 1008 Buck …”

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Europäisches Organisations- und Verfassungsrecht

Armin Hatje (ed.), Peter-Christian Müller-Graff (ed.)

Series: Enzyklopädie Europarecht

Volume 2022

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Miklós Király § 38 Mitteleuropäisches Freihandelsabkommen (Central European Free Trade Agreement – CEFTA) S. 1683-1706

„… Mitteleuropäisches Freihandelsabkommen (Central European Free Trade Agreement – CEFTA) Miklós …” „… , Roberto/Vicarelli, Claudio, Hub-and- Spoke or else? Free trade agreements in the ‘enlarged’ European Union, The …” „… , Nermin/Paczyński, Wojciech, Regional Free Trade Agreements of Bosnia and Herzegovina: analysis and policy …”

Siniša Rodin § 32 Stabilisierungs- und Assoziierungsabkommen Südosteuropa S. 1533-1548

„… Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA 2006), abrufbar unter http://www.stabilitypact.org/trade/CEFTAMAINTEXT2006 …” „… Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA 2006), abrufbar unter http://www.stabilitypact.org/trade/ceftamaintext2006 …” „… , April 2003; Bebr, Gerhard, Agreements Concluded by the Community and their Possible Direct Effect: From …”

Astrid Epiney § 37 Europäische Freihandelszone (EFTA) S. 1661-1682

„… www.efta.int/free-trade/free-trade-agreements.aspx. 104 Vgl. die Informationen auf www.efta.int/free-trade/fta-map.aspx. 105 Die aus …” „… , Zürich/Basel/Genf 2005; Tschäni, Hanspeter/Tuusvuori, Ossi (Hrsg.), Principles and elements of free trade relations …” „… Freihandelszone (European Free Trade Association, EFTA) ist eine primär auf die Erleichterung des Warenverkehrs …”

Pieter Van Vaerenbergh, Bianca Böhme § 45 Organisation für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit und Entwicklung (OECD) S. 1875-1914

„… Übereinkommen zur Errichtung der Europäischen Freihandelsassoziation (European Free Trade Association, EFTA …” „… of International Environmental Bureaucracies, Massachusetts, 2009; Blair, David J., Trade …” „… Struggle for a Multilateral Agreement on Investment – an Assessment of the Negotiation Process in the OECD …”

Friedemann Kainer § 31 Die Beziehung der Europäischen Union zum Vereinigten Königreich S. 1443-1532

„… information under the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement S. 6, abrufbar unter …” „… /uk/politics/arlene-foster-good-friday-agreement-brexit-deal-dup-northern-ireland-a8564551.ht ml; Buesa, Alejandro et alt., The EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA), Banco de …” „… the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, abrufbar unter: https://europeanlawblog.eu /2021/01/14 …”

Till Müller-Ibold § 12 Das Recht der Außenbeziehungen S. 559-638

„… ; ähnlich Art. 16.16 des Free Trade Agreement Between the European Union and the Republic of Singapore, ABl …” „… Trade Agreement (CETA) between Canada and the European Union and its Member States), ABl. 2017 L 11/23 …” „… Implementation of Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (Antidumping-Agreement …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-64

„… Mitteleuropäisches Freihandelsabkommen (Central European Free Trade Agreement – CEFTA) (Király …” „… .......................................................................................C. 1680 Mitteleuropäisches Freihandelsabkommen (Central European Free Trade Agreement – CEFTA …”

Wolfgang Heusel § 46 Europäische Forschungs- und Bildungsorganisationen S. 1915-1976

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 6. Europäische Freie-Elektronen- Laseranlage (European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility …” „… . Europäisches Gewerkschaftsinstitut (European Trade Union Institute) ETUI …” „… Konsortialvertrag ersetzt das von 1999–2013 laufende European Fusion Development Agreement, an dem auch die …”

Allgemeines Literaturverzeichnis S. 2141-2199

„… Free Trade Agreement 31 111 ff. – Einheitlichkeit des Binnenmarktes 31 32 ff. – Gestaltungsoptionen 31 …” „… executive power 17 40 Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement 31 111 ff. Computerkriminalität 36 60, 61 …” „… Union 12 246 ff. – supranationale Verfahren 12 186 – Trade policy review 12 5 – Verfahren zum …”

Thomas Eger, Hans-Jürgen Wagener § 3 Die wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der europäischen Integration S. 129-180

„… an die EU verloren hat, sowie das North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Zollunion Bei einer …” „… Freihandelszonen sind die European Free Trade Association (EFTA), die inzwischen den größten Teil ihrer Mitglieder …” „… , Yves/ Persson, Maria, Completing the EU Customs Union. The Effects of Trade Procedure Harmonization …”

Peter-Christian Müller-Graff § 9 Das Recht des Binnenmarktes: Grundfreiheiten und Wettbewerbsordnung S. 401-468

„… , Prohibiting Restrictions on Trade within the EEC. The Theory and Application of Articles 30–36 of the EEC …” „… Kapital- und Zahlungsverkehrsfreiheit, Heidelberg/Berlin 2002; Oliver, Peter (Hrsg.), Free Movement of …”

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Europäisches Organisations- und Verfassungsrecht

Armin Hatje (ed.), Peter-Christian Müller-Graff (ed.)

2014

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Miklós Király § 27 Mitteleuropäisches Freihandelsabkommen (Central European Free Trade Agreement – CEFTA) S. 1125-1148

„… Mitteleuropäisches Freihandelsabkommen (Central European Free Trade Agreement – CEFTA) Miklós …” „… or else? Free trade agreements in the ‘enlarged’ European Union, The European Journal of Comparative …” „… , Nermin/Paczyński, Wojciech, Re gional Free Trade Agreements of Bosnia and Herzegovina: analysis and policy …”

Siniša Rodin § 21 Stabilisierungs- und Assoziierungsabkommen Südosteuropa S. 985-1000

„… of and Accession to the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA 2006), abrufbar unter …” „… . 34 Agreement on Amendment of and Accession to the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA 2006 …” „… , April 2003; Bebr, Gerhard, Agreements Concluded by the Communi ty and their Possible Direct Effect …”

Vorwort der Herausgeber S. 7-30

„… (Central European Free Trade Agreement – CEFTA) (Király …” „… .......................................................................................C. 1123 Inhaltsverzeichnis 24 Mitteleuropäisches Freihandelsabkommen (Central European Free Trade …” „… Agreement – CEFTA) ....................................................................... § 27 1125 …”

Astrid Epiney § 26 Europäische Freihandelszone (EFTA) S. 1105-1124

„… auf www.efta.int/free-trade/free-trade-agreements.aspx. 104 Vgl die Informationen auf …” „… , Zürich/Basel/Genf 2005; Tschäni, Hanspeter/Tuusvuori, Ossi (Hg.), Principles and elements of free trade relations …” „… (European Free Trade Association, EFTA) ist eine pri mär auf die Erleichterung des Warenverkehrs …”

Thomas Eger, Hans-Jürgen Wagener § 3 Die wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der europäischen Integration S. 113-162

„… verloren hat, sowie das North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). II. 1. 20 Blank/Clausen/Wacker, S. 31 …” „… European Free Trade Association (EFTA), die inzwischen den größten Teil ihrer Mitglieder an die EU …” „… , Baden-Baden 2007; Bourdet, Yves/Persson, Maria, Completing the EU Cust oms Union.The Effects of Trade …”

Peter-Christian Müller-Graff § 9 Grundfreiheiten und Wettbewerbsordnung S. 477-542

„… Wirtschaftssubventionen, München 1966; Gormley, Laurence William, Prohibiting Restrictions on Trade within the EEC. The …” „… , Europäische Kapital- und Zahlungsverkehrsfreiheit, Heidelberg/Berlin 2002; Oliver, Peter (Hrsg.), Free …”

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Explaining Failed Free Trade Agreement Negotiations

Leslie Wehner

Series: Weltwirtschaft und internationale Zusammenarbeit

Volume 9 2010

Results in this title

Internet Pages S. 261-287

„… . (16/01/2002). Fact Sheet—U.S.- Central America free Trade Agreement. For Immediate release. Washington: Office …” „… 361 B. San José, Costa Rica. Campbell, C. (2006). “Rough trade: the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement …” „… US-Korea free trade agreement. (16 October 2004) Incheon: Inha University. Chile-European Community …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… Failed Free Trade Agreement NegotiationsNomosLeslie Wehner1. Auflage 2010© Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft …” „… Deutschen Akademischen Austauschdienstes. 5 Foreword from the Editor Bilateral free trade agreements have …” „… . Most free trade agreement negotiations have come to successful conclusions. This is not surprising …”

Panama S. 109-118

„… for 29 products produced within the Duty Free Zones of each country (Preferential Trade Agreement …” „… . However, these negotiations involved a restricted set of products. In addition, other trade agreements …” „… agreements in its trade negotiations. The main aspect is that Panama was neither inexperienced nor …”

The Process: Internal and External Dimensions S. 66-78

„… their multinationals partners to lower tariffs.27 Whereas free trade groups lobby and organise …” „… purpose of making an agreement that creates trade between the parties. 3.2.2 Domestic Actors’ and …” „… process is likely to be. 73One specific negative effect of liberalising or pursuing a free trade agenda …”

Domestic Factors S. 177-202

„… Rica. Costa Rica proposed immediate free trade for all its products (FTA Costa Rica-Panama’s draft text …” „… Panama’s eventual position for immediate free trade on these products, Costa Rica’s milk producers went for …” „… free trade, but they clearly stated to the trade negotiators that the rules of origin would have to be …”

Acronyms and Abbreviations S. 17-20

„… Free Trade Agreement DTO Decreto / Decree ECLAC Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean …” „… Nacional/ Sandinista National Liberation Front FTA Free Trade Agreement FTAA Free Trade Association of the …” „… industrialisation KJFTA Korea-Japan Free Trade Agreement KOPA Korean People’s Action against FTA & WTO LAILA/ALADI …”

Chile S. 95-102

„… . Moreover, the bilateral path also gives Chile the possibility of making trade agreements in which its own …” „… Accords Chile’s first step on its bilateral path was to negotiate low scope trade agreements or trade …” „… they were also seen as a stepping stone to negotiate more complex trade agreements such as the FTAs. In …”

Reasons to Study Stalled Negotiations S. 26-28

„… economics -and partly in political science- scholars advocate free trade as the optimal policy. If free …” „… trade is the optimal policy in economics, and agreement the main goal in the theory of negotiation, why …” „… hold free trade as their optimal policy; if the case were otherwise, these governments would not risk …”

Conditions to Stall a Negotiation S. 79-86

„… effect of liberalising or pursuing a free trade agenda is a sense of job insecurity among some domestic …” „… agreement with the counterpart domestic trade partners, or with other external trade partners. Potentially …” „… countries, putting aside the eventual commitment to a free trade ideology that the structural powers might …”

Operationalisation S. 86-92

„… explanatory factor “defence of protected inter-trade issue-areas” is defined here as: a process where domestic …” „… . However, in an FTA they seek to increase the benefits by assuring a ruled-binding agreement (governance …” „… lobby groups will create the formation of endogenous preferences (or interests) for either freer trade …”

Domestic Factors S. 122-145

„… translation. 130it has been argued “Free trade policies create winners and losers”, and in an FTA negotiation …” „… studies are technically written, they are politically used to justify the need of opening trade …” „… it was modified in order to adapt it to their respective economic contexts and trade relation …”

Empirical Puzzle, Aims and Questions S. 23-25

„… bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Agreements (FTA) that countries from different continents have signed …” „… such as the European Union (EU), European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the Common Market of the …” „… ), US-Thailand (stalled), EU-MERCOSUR (stalled), Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA: stalled), ASEAN-India …”

Intergovernmental Factors S. 203-226

„… calendar to hold the bilateral negotiations between both countries as part of the Free Trade Agreement …” „… a free trade zone between Panama and these countries. The FTAA was conceived as ‘one agreement …” „… US. Non-agreement with the US would have increased the costs of actualising Panama’s external trade …”

Common Aspects of the Two Failed FTA Negotiations S. 231-237

„… change Panama’s position without granting deep access on financial services and insurance. Trade …” „… negotiations the economic relationships were governed by comparative advantages or an inter-trade logic. The …” „… possibilities for developing intra-trade were limited. Perhaps the reason for having limited possibilities for …”

Intergovernmental Factors S. 147-168

„… traditionally open their negotiations stating that ‘Chile wants free trade in all items without any exclusion …” „… claiming free trade on all issues at the outset of the negotiations in order to exclude the most sensitive …” „… final agreement would be possible in the short-run. These trade diplomats sustained this perception due …”

Concepts and Definitions S. 21-22

„… from Viner 1950; Baldwin 2006) Trade deviation: means that a free trade area diverts trade away from …” „… for a policy option of its preference. BATNA: Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement is the …” „… reach an outcome of agreement. BATNA can also be the status quo ex ante, if the gains of the negotiation …”

Costa Rica S. 102-109

„… two essential goals: to improve the working of the free trade zone and to use these Common Market to …” „… criteria of a partial trade agreement. This low scope is evidenced by that fact that the FTA negotiation …” „… regulations; and transport conditions for goods in transit (Costa Rica-Panama preferential trade agreement …”

Theories of International Relations/International Political Economy S. 43-48

„… policy option with regards to free trade. This implies that a possible agreement over an FTA is a …” „… changes in international trade for domestic groups that advocate more or less free trade (Rogowski 1989 …” „… preference of domestic actors for freer trade and their impact on governments’ decisions have often been used …”

An Overview of the Negotiation Process S. 171-177

„… countries signed a preferential trade agreement in 1973. However, the scope of this agreement is very …” „… those that needed careful attention and those becoming the institutional pillars for a free trade zone …” „… This chapter presents the domestic dimension of the trade negotiation between Costa Rica and Panama. It …”

The Two Failed FTA Negotiations vis-à-vis Other Cases S. 240-245

„… sense for Korea and also for Japan to promote a trilateral free trade zone with China. In fact, the …” „… the P4 agreement (Salazar 2005), Canada-EFTA (see www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca), and Chile-Guatemala …” „… negotiations with an outcome of agreement. The impact of these failed experiences on Panama’s FTA negotiation …”

Delimitation of the Study S. 28-29

„… economic issues are at stake. Most of the theoretical frames to analyse free trade policy are within the …” „… protectionism for free trade in an imperfect market i.e. TB and NTB. Regarding explanations within the field of …” „… field of economics, particularly new trade theory. Although they do not directly assess FTA negotiation …”

The Negotiation Process S. 119-122

„… negotiations be concentrated on free trade agreements with countries or existing FTA’s, as Chile has done …” „… economic integration in Latin America beyond the extant low scope trade agreements (Fermandois 2005). This …” „… Affairs with regards to trade issues. The Ministry of Finances wanted to concentrate on an accession to …”

The Different Force of the Conditions to Explain Failure S. 237-240

„… ; Mario Matus, DIRECON, 28/02/2008). Moreover, the presence of the US in the Americas to launch trade …” „… high divergence of interests means that the initial zone of agreement is narrow, and the convergence of …” „… interests implies that there is an initial broad zone of agreement for the negotiators to work with …”

Answering the questions through the process S. 248-251

„… 248cannot account on their own for the outcome of non-agreement in these FTA talks. Therefore, this …” „… understand the result of non-agreement in these two negotiations. 10.2 Answering the questions through the …” „… agreement and restricts the number of possible win-sets. The governments in these two FTA negotiations …”

The Field of Economics S. 41-43

„… option with regards to free trade. This implies that a possible agreement over an FTA is a difficult …” „… more damaging for free trade i.e. quotas are worse than tariffs (Bhagwati 1965). Moreover, new trade …” „… international trade for domestic groups that advocate more or less free trade (Rogowski 1989; Frieden and …”

The Literature on the Case Studies S. 56-63

„… introduced in 1996, and the functions of the Commission of Free Trade and Consumer Affairs. This commission …” „… delimit the zone of agreement, but they are also there to be manipulated by the negotiators either to …” „… will reduce their gains due to the trade deviation effect that other bilateral FTAs produce. However …”

Concluding Remarks S. 145-147

„… their business association to shape the trade agenda. This trade agenda is overall convergent with that …” „… role of the elections. These factors encouraged the pro-FTA groups to free ride. Yet the free riding …” „… to manoeuvre and use the access points to bloc an agreement that jeopardised their specific interest …”

The Argument S. 25-26

„… , contrasted and compared. 1.2. The Argument In a nutshell, I argue that the outcome of non-agreement in FTA …” „… negotiating FTAs and in most of these negotiation processes they reached an outcome of agreement. This is also …” „… pro-FTA groups (exporters and consumers). In this latter group, agents tend to free ride (Olson 1965). 1.3 …”

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The Transatlantic Agreement

Melanie Goergmaier

2024

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Chapter 3: Why a US-EU Free Trade Agreement? S. 77-90

„… requires first of allunderstanding the meaning, purpose and impact of free trade agreements(FTAs) and …” „… and combination130.3.2 Free Trade AgreementsNeoclassical theories conclude that free trade leads to …” „… Trade AgreementsThis final sub-chapter on the meaning, purpose and operation of free tradeagreements is …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-26

„… Free Trade Agreement?Chapter 3: 77Foreign Trade Theories3.1 77Free Trade Agreements3.2 78Advantages of …” „… Development of RegionalTrade Agreements and Trade Policy Considerations3.381Impact of Existing Free Trade …” „… 88Role Model Effects in the Negotiation Process of Free TradeAgreements3.589TTIP (Transatlantic Trade …”

Chapter 8: TTIP Standards as Benchmark for Future Trade Deals S. 209-262

„… free trade as well as from tradeand investment agreements. The understanding of why we trade and …” „… the TTIP free trade agreement. More than half of theeconomics professors fear negative impact on the …” „… for the highest office in the US. Trump:"We want control back. Free trade agreements are “the number …”

Chapter 2: History and Literature Review on (Transatlantic) Trade S. 46-76

„… System: How Preferential AgreementsUndermine Free Trade. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press …” „… Bhagwati, Jagdish. Termites in the Trading System: How Preferential Agreements Un‐dermine Free Trade …” „… policyas it pertains to trade. There are two types of PTA’s: Customs Union andFree Trade Agreements. CU’s …”

Chapter 1: Introduction S. 27-45

„… vision for TTIPis to create more than just a free trade agreement, according to the leadnegotiators. The …” „… trade agreement negotiations.There is a lot of publicly accessible information available for free on …” „… EU-US Free Trade Agreement: Freer trade –without sacrificing Europe’s standards “. Accessed May 10, 2016 …”

Chapter 6: ISDS with Qualitative Reorientation S. 156-161

„… ". More than any other free trade agreement, the focus of TTIPis on breaking down the "behind the border …” „… imple‐ment as "regulatory clusters". TTIP is a much more difficult agreement incomparison to other free trade …” „… theestablishment of an International Arbitration Court within the frameworkof further free trade agreements in …”

Chapter 10: Consequences of TTIP and Policy Recommendations S. 273-286

„… trade agreements.For instance, many aspects of TTIP can be found in the free Comprehen‐sive Economic …” „… ever with the TTIP standards, even beyondthe character of a pure free trade agreement. As an Atlantic …” „… , “some exceptions are allowed” in the form ofa free trade agreement, for instance827. Fact is that there …”

Chapter 5: Environmental Analysis in the Automotive and Pharmaceutical Industries regarding Transatlantic Trade S. 99-155

„… consequences of free trade presented. The most important factors withtheir respective consequences are …” „… important political factors is differentiated taxlegislation. Different VAT rates are opposed to free trade …” „… effects.At the beginning of this work, trade diversion effects were presentedas a disadvantage of free trade …”

Chapter 7: Assessment of the EU NGO Hearings: TTIP Angst and Fears in Germany, Austria and the UK S. 162-208

„… America440. So far, the EU has con‐cluded free trade agreements with more than 50 trading partners …” „… steppingstone to a free trade agreement with all21 member states of the Asia-Pacific Economic Community (APEC …” „… and healthprotection in international free trade agreements in general. Environmen‐tal policy …”

Bibliography S. 314-329

„… Agreements Under‐mine Free Trade. Oxford University Press, 2008.314Bhagwati, Jagdish. "Why PTAs Are a Pox on …” „… http://ec.europa.eu/trade/trade-policy-and-youEuropean Commission. “A balanced EU-US Free Trade Agreement: Freer trade –without sacrificing Europe’s …” „… . http://ec.europa.eu/priorities/balanced-eu-us-free-trade-agreement_enEuropean Commission. “Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA”.EU-Canada Trade Agreement. Accessed …”

Chapter 9: Signals for Resumption of Transatlantic Trade Agreement Negotiations in 2019 and 2020 S. 263-272

„… 2017, it was not clear whether, when and how negotiations on a transat‐lantic free trade agreement …” „… Chapter 9: Signals for Resumption of Transatlantic TradeAgreement Negotiations in 2019 and 2020In …” „… analysis by the EuropeanCommission” demonstrated “significant gains” from a US-EU agreement785.EU-US Trade …”

Core Sources/ Primary Sources S. 308-313

„… EU-US Free TradeAgreement”-Sweden in Focus, 2012.Leibnitz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der …” „… .BooksBartels, Lorand and Ortino, Federico. Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO legalSystem, Oxford, 2007 …” „… Economic and Trade Agreement der EU und Kanada (CETA)”, Octo‐ber 2014, Munich.Fiorentiho, Verdeja …”

Chapter 12: Conclusion S. 298-301

„… world trade and can thus set standards. In theevent that the agreement enters into force, subsequent …” „… comprehensive transatlantic trade agreement must be considered to benegligible.Separated from the direct …” „… negotiators, the timing of a transatlantic agree‐ment becoming an integral part of global trade links is …”

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International Investment Law

Marc Bungenberg (ed.), Jörn Griebel (ed.), Stephan Hobe (ed.), August Reinisch (ed.)

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2015

Results in this title

Vivienne Bath, Luke Nottage C. The ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement and ‘ASEAN Plus’ – The Australia–New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA) and the PRC–ASEAN Investment Agreement S. 283-303

„… http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/117601.pdf.24 North America Free Trade Agreement, 17 December 1992, 32 ILM 296, entered into force …” „… free to enter into other agreements betweenthemselves regarding trade or investment.The PRC–ASEAN …” „… benefits than these more general treaties. For example, the PRC–NewZealand Free Trade Agreement43 provides …”

Andreas R. Ziegler X. Investment Law in Conflict with WTO Law? S. 1784-1801

„… ’ (2008)17 FYIL 91, 93.6 North American Free Trade Agreement Between the Government of Canada, the …” „… Experience in Lumber IV’ (2009) 12 J. Int’l Econ. L. 115–151.18 USA–Canada Free Trade Agreement, 2 January …” „… other recent agreements like the ones con-cluded by European Free Trade Association (EFTA).40In certain …”

Andrea K. Bjorklund B. NAFTA’s Contributions to Investor-State Dispute Settlement S. 261-282

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Literature: Henri C. Alvarez, ‘Arbitration Under the North American Free Trade Agreement’(2000) 16 …” „… and President Bush to commence negotiations for a free trade agreement(FTA) between the United States …” „… University Press, 2000) 65–66.2 Free Trade Agreement between Canada and the United States of America (1988 …”

Armand de Mestral III. Pre-Entry Obligations under International Law S. 685-699

„… American Free TradeAgreement (NAFTA). There is also a tendency in recent years for those majorbilateral …” „… free trade agreements (FTAs) which contain investment provisions toinclude some limited pre-entry …” „… . 268–311.12 Free Trade Agreement between the Government of New Zealand and the Government of thePeople’s …”

Carsten Kern VI. Transfer of Funds S. 870-886

„… Framework of Multi- andSupranational AgreementsThere is no rule in general international law on the free …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40d) Free Transfer Subject to Measures Taken in Accordance withthe IMF and/or WTO Agreement …” „… restrictions are also recognised under the General Agreement onTariffs and Trade (GATT) 199413 and the General …”

Michael Hahn II. EU Rules and Obligations Related to Investment S. 671-684

„… Economic Partnership, the EU–Korea Free Trade Agreement, the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agree-ment …” „… FTA (Free Trade Agreement between the European Unionand its Member States, of the one part, and the …” „… for a large portionof the WTO Agreements, such as all agreements on trade in goods), and itsmember …”

Jörn Griebel D. The New EU Investment Policy Approach S. 304-325

„… See for the launch of free trade agreement negotiations with Japan the Commission’s pressrelease of 25 …” „… detailedness and speci-fication of treaty provisions? (c), stand-alone BITs or free trade agreements in-cluding …” „… Commission for negotiations of invest-ment chapters within free trade agreements involving Canada, India and …”

Marc Bungenberg, Manjiao Chi C. Chinese Investment Law S. 221-239

„… note that this investment80 China-Singapore Free Trade Agreement, signed 23 October 2008 (entry into …” „… chapter.84 Agreement on the Early Harvest Program for the Free Trade Agreement between China andPakistan …” „… http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/pakistanarticle/chpakistan/pakhwmy/200809/467_1.html (accessed 14March 2014).85 Free Trade Agreement Between The Government of the …”

August Reinisch IV. The Likely Content of Future EU Investment Agreements S. 1884-1903

„… treatment. In a number of free trade agreements, the ECadopted such a GATS-inspired market access approach …” „… Sec-tion C of Chapter 7 of the EU–Korea FTA, Free Trade Agreement between the EuropeanUnion and its Member …” „… European Invest-ment Agreements’, supra (n. 1) 73, referring to Article 15.9 of the EU–Korea FTA, FreeTrade …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XLVIII

„… ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement and ‘ASEAN Plus’ –The Australia–New Zealand Free Trade Area …” „… ASEAN–Australia–New Zealand Free Trade AgreementAAPPI ASEAN Agreement for the Promotion and Protection ofInvestmentsAC …” „… Law Reports, Appeal CasesACFTA ASEAN–China Free Trade AgreementACHPR African Commission on Human and …”

Marc Bungenberg, Stephan Hobe II. The Relationship of International Investment Law and European Union Law S. 1602-1628

„… factor and its free transfer stimulates trade in goods.8Given that Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) are no …” „… for ongoing and future free trade agreement negotiations withthird countries that include an …” „… longer ‘purely trade-oriented’instruments but broader ‘international economic agreements’ that also …”

Chester Brown I. The Evolution of the Regime of International Investment Agreements: History, Economics and Politics S. 153-185

„… (footnotes omitted).200 North American Free Trade Agreement, signed 17 December 1992, 32 ILM 289 (entered …” „… , Thai-land and Vietnam), and the ASEAN–Australia–New Zealand Free Trade Agree-ment.203 Other multilateral …” „… the context of the GeneralAgreement on Tariffs and Trade, which had been negotiated and opened for …”

Karsten Nowrot Chapter 10: Obligations of Investors S. 1154-1185

„… (Oxford University Press, 2013) 15, 21.42 Albania–EFTA Free Trade Agreement, 17 December 2009, available …” „… %20Trade%20Agreement.pdf. See also, e.g., the Preamble of the Free Trade Agreement between theEFTA …” „… http://www.efta.int/~/media/Documents/legal-texts/free-trade-relations/peru/EFTA-Peru%20Free%20Trade%20Agreement%20EN.pdf.43 Canada–Colombia Free Trade Agreement, 15 August 2011 …”

August Reinisch IV. Most Favoured Nation Treatment S. 807-845

„… TreatmentAugust Reinisch 817383940in the course of the negotiations for the Free Trade of the Americas Agreement …” „… itsparticipation in: – a free trade area; – a customs union; – a common market; – a regional inte-gration agreement …” „… customs unions, free trade organisations and similar regionaleconomic integration organisations (REIOs).59 …”

Index S. 1913-1952

„… treatmentChapter 4 III D 36– foreign direct investmentChapter 13 II 22– free trade agreement negotiationsChapter 4 …” „… Free Trade Agreement– NAFTA Chapter 13 XII 16North-South relations Chapter 13 XIII 3Norwegian …” „… Regional Trade AgreementsChapter 13 X 2registration of intellectual propertyChapter 6 II A 148regulatory …”

John P. Gaffney, Zeynep Akçay A. European Bilateral Approaches S. 186-201

„… States, Canada, India and Singaporeon comprehensive trade agreements that would each include an …” „… with regard to changes in tariff rates, the conclusion of tariff and trade agreementsrelating to trade …” „… forerunners of BITs. FCNs contained provi-sions on foreign property and aimed mainly at facilitating trade.1In …”

Joachim Karl F. The Negotiations on the OECD Multilateral Agreement on Investment S. 342-360

„… Investment Report 1996, Investment, Trade and International PolicyAgreements (United Nations, 1996); UNCTAD …” „… Agreement on Investment (MAI) in the WTO’ in Chris Milner and Robert Read (eds),Trade Liberalisation …” „… . Relationship to Other International AgreementsObligations under the Articles of Agreement of the International …”

Marc Bungenberg, Catharine Titi VIII. Precedents in International Investment Law S. 1505-1516

„… treaties. To take another example, accord-ing to Article 1136(1) of the North American Free Trade Agreement …” „… have been proposed, such as the use of interpretative state-ments by States and free trade committees …” „… dis-pute settlement (ISDS) mechanism in international investment agreements(IIAs). Part of this discussion …”

Yun-I Kim I. Investment Law and the Individual S. 1585-1601

„… free trade agreement between Australia and the Republic ofSouth Korea, signed on 8 April 2014. The ISDS …” „… countermeasures inthe context of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). These alldealt with a dispute …” „… trade agreements negotiated between the European Unionand e.g. the US, Canada, or Singapore, it is …”

Bruno Simma, Dirk Pulkowski I. Two Worlds, but Not Apart: International Investment Law and General International Law S. 361-371

„… investmentchapters, such as the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) or the North-American FreeTrade Agreement (NAFTA). There …” „… parties, forming theFree Trade Commission, resolved that ‘[t]he concepts of “fair and equitabletreatment …” „… Chapter 5: International Investment Agreements and the General Bodyof Rules of Public International …”

August Reinisch V. National Treatment S. 846-869

„… mini-mum standard. National treatment provisions in trade and investment agree-ments, however, seek …” „… the product.’).14 Art. XV of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), Marrakesh Agreement …” „… ILM 1167; Art. 3 of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellec-tual Property Rights (1994 …”

Michael Hahn I. WTO Rules and Obligations Related to Investment S. 653-670

„… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61. Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) . . . . . . 7a) Overview …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132. General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14a) Coverage …” „… on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property 405. The Plurilateral Agreement on Government …”

Marc Bungenberg, Jörn Griebel , Stephan Hobe, August Reinisch Chapter 1: General Introduction to International Investment Law S. 1-5

„… free trade agreements which have investment chapters.It is the wealth of arbitral jurisprudence based …” „… Agreements:History, Economics and Politics’, ch. 4.I., 153–185 in this volume.4 See Stephan Hobe, ‘The Development of …” „… on bi- and multilateral invest-ment agreements as well as investment contracts that has solidified …”

Ralph Alexander Lorz II. Protection and Security (Including the NAFTA Approach) S. 764-789

„… : The NAFTA ApproachArt. 1105(1) of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) grantsto investments …” „… September 2006. On the Notes of Interpretation of the NAFTA Free TradeCommission, see below B.5.20 2004 US …” „… exhibits a particular feature which does not exist under a normalBIT: its Free Trade Commission (FTC) has …”

August Reinisch II. The Interpretation of International Investment Agreements S. 372-410

„… benefits granted as a result of preferentialtrade agreements like customs unions and free trade agreements …” „… Interpretation of the International Investment Agreements’ (2005) 6Journal of World Investment and Trade 751–772 …” „… II. The Interpretation of International Investment Agreements*August ReinischA. Introduction …”

Pierre-Marie Dupuy, Jorge E. Viñuales VIII. Human Rights and Investment Disciplines: Integration in Progress S. 1739-1767

„… North American Free Trade Agreement, 17 December 1992, 32 ILM 296.93 See Grand River v. USA (n. 2) paras …” „… Agreements,UNCTAD/WEB/ITE/IIT/2005, 30 August 2005.12 UN, Charter of the United Nations, 24 October 1945, (1946/47) 1 UNTS XVI …” „… favour of the respective na-tionals of the State parties to the agreement. The investor’s nationality …”

Gabriel Bottini, Veronica Lavista, Mariana Lozza E. MERCOSUR and CAFTA S. 326-341

„… Disputes under the Central America – Dominican Republic – UnitedStates Free Trade Agreement’ (2009) 6 TDM …” „… the Mercado Común del Sur (MER-COSUR) and the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA …” „… Free Trade Agreement (DR–CAFTA) was signed, which added the Do-minican Republic to the original parties …”

Kaj Hobér, Joshua Fellenbaum I. Political Risk Insurance and Investment Treaty Protection S. 1517-1551

„… and the protection thereof, in-cluding the Energy Charter Treaty and the North American Free Trade …” „… agency or State in an agreement relating to investment, such agreementsto be approved by special majority …” „… domestic investments andfrom international trade transactions. The international nature of an …”

Andrew Newcombe B. The Americas S. 202-220

„… Calvo Doctrine.In 1992, Canada, Mexico and the US concluded the North American FreeTrade Agreement …” „… AmericasAndrew Newcombe 20334free trade agreements (FTAs) with the United States, all of which contain …” „… 197710 and over the past 35 years hasconcluded over 45 BITs and 11 free trade agreements (FTAs) with …”

Catharine Titi IX. International Investment Law and Good Governance S. 1768-1783

„… transparency facilitates monitoring and helpsdeter corruption; some free trade agreements (FTAs) include …” „… the Canadian Model BIT (2012).114 See Annex III, EU–Canada Free Trade Agreement Investor-to-State …” „… Free TradeAgreement Investor-to-State Dispute Settlement Text (n. 114).131 Article 11 of the EU …”

Michael Waibel II. Investment Arbitration: Jurisdiction and Admissibility S. 1212-1287

„… narrow terms, such as in Articles 1116 and1117 of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). These …” „… settlement in trade matters under the WTO agree-ments.Admissibility: The Conditions for the Exercise of …” „… Michael Waibel3456Jurisdiction: The Consent-Based Mandate of Investment TribunalsStates are free to …”

Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan VI. Investment Law and Intellectual Property Rights S. 1692-1713

„… Analysis of Definitions in a Sample of Bilateral Investment Treaties and Free TradeAgreements’ (2009) 6 TDM …” „… covered investments are not exhaustive.17 Australia–US Free Trade Agreement, 18 May 2004, (2004) 43 ILM …” „… 1248.18 The United States–Central America–Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement, 28 January2004, (2004 …”

Ursula Kriebaum VIII. Expropriation S. 959-1030

„… treaties, special chapters in free trade agreements and human rightstreaties have contained norms …” „… regionalmultilateral treaties such as the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT)16 and the NorthAmerican Free Trade Agreement …” „… . 1110 of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), 17 December 1992 (entryinto force 1 January …”

Irmgard Marboe III. Valuation in Cases of Expropriation S. 1057-1081

„… )3 and the NorthAmerican Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).4 There are also older bilateraltreaties on …” „… American Free Trade Agreement of 17 December 1992, in force since 1 January1994, (1993) 32 ILM 289 UNTS …” „… .’53 See Chester Brown, ‘The Evolution of the Regime of International Investment Agreements:History …”

Jan Asmus Bischoff, Richard Happ A. The Notion of Investment S. 495-544

„… , ‘Investment Protection in Bilateral and Free TradeAgreements, Implications for the Granting of Compulsory …” „… Analysis of Definitions in a Sample of Bilateral Investment Treaties and Free TradeAgreements’ (2009) 6 TDM …” „… 2007 or theUnited States-Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) of 2007.33 Article11.28 of the KORUS …”

Richard Happ A. The Energy Charter Treaty S. 240-260

„… found in the BITs of other States as well as in FreeTrade or Economic Cooperation Agreements.47 They are …” „… Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures.41 Anthony Sinclair, ‘Umbrella Clauses’, ch. 8.VII …” „… athttp://tcc.export.gov/Trade_Agreements/All_Trade_Agreements/exp_005539.asp. See alsoRichard Happ, ‘Denial of Benefit Clauses and other Mechanism that Limit the …”

Monique Sasson III. Investment Arbitration: Procedure S. 1288-1372

„… theNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA,), which provides for a ‘cool-ing-off’ period of six months …” „… International TradeLaw (UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules) are the standard option. On the institution-al side, one or …” „… points of contrast be-tween investment and commercial arbitration. The United Nations Conferenceon Trade …”

Stephan Hobe I. The Development of the Law of Aliens and the Emergence of General Principles of Protection under Public International Law Stephan HobeThe Development of the Law of Aliens S. 6-22

„… States particu-larly under Ch. XI of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) aswell as under the …” „… agreements. The provisionally applied General Agreement onTariffs and Trade (GATT) did not contain a specific …” „… in-ternational trade agreements. As is discussed in this volume this protection wasdone on a bilateral basis …”

Stephan W. Schill XII. Multilateralization: An Ordering Paradigm for International Investment Law S. 1817-1838

„… investment chapters in bilateral or regional free trade agree-ments,21 including the North American Free …” „… significantly from the emergence of multilateral institutions, suchas the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade …” „… Trade Agreement, and in sectoraltreaties, such as the Energy Charter Treaty. This bilateral form of …”

Marc Jacob, Stephan W. Schill I. Fair and Equitable Treatment: Content, Practice, Method S. 700-763

„… and multilateral treaties, including Article 1105(1) of theNorth American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA …” „… multilateral agreements see North American Free Trade Agreement of 17 December1992, in force since 1 January …” „… )(a) of the Dominican Republic–Central America–United States FreeTrade Agreement, for instance …”

Sabine Konrad B. Protection of Investments Owned by States S. 545-554

„… or naturalpersons from outside the European Union and outside the European Free TradeAgreement, that …” „… 1(b) (emphasis added). See also Article 2(e) of the ASEAN–Aus-tralia–New Zealand Free Trade …” „… claimant’s claims).Chapter 6: The Scope of Application of International Investment Agreements546 Sabine …”

Jan K. Schäfer I. Alternatives to Investment Arbitration S. 1186-1211

„… agreement on the settlement oftheir dispute with the assistance of a mediator.For ease of reference, in the …” „… tailored to the needs of the parties. Agreements resulting from mediation are morelikely to be complied …” „… Mediation Directive, namely the enforceabili-ty of agreements resulting from mediation (Article 6);13 …”

Ralph Alexander Lorz, Manuel Busch E. Investment in Accordance with the Law – Specifically Corruption S. 577-589

„… http://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/countryreportsontheimplementationoftheoecdanti-briberycon-vention.htm. The tribunal in World Duty Free Company Ltd. v. Kenya, ICSID Case No. ARB/00/7, Award, 4 October …” „… July 2003 (entry into force 5August 2006), 43 ILM 5 (2004).3 World Duty Free Company Ltd. v. Kenya (n …” „… : The Scope of Application of International Investment Agreements578 Ralph Alexander Lorz/Manuel Busch23 …”

Christina Knahr F. The Territorial Nexus between an Investment and the Host State S. 590-597

„… Chapter 11. In Bayview v. Mexico1 in 2007and Canadian Cattlemen for Fair Trade v. United States2 in 2008 …” „… Trade v. United States, (NAFTA/UNCITRAL), Award on Juris-diction, 28 January 2008, available at …” „… date of entryinto force of this Agreement as well as to investments made or acquired thereafter by such …”

Markus Perkams B. Protection for Legal Persons S. 638-652

„… persons, International Investment Agreements (IIAs) protectalso legal persons1 as investors. The …” „… the protection of legal per-sons. The case law resulting therefrom is not free from controversy. It …” „… Investment Agreements640 Markus Perkams5The Definition of Corporate NationalityThe second part of the …”

Christoph Schreuer V. The Future of International Investment Law S. 1904-1912

„… investments. More re-cently States have started to replace BITs by free trade agreements (FTAs). De-spite …” „… their name, these treaties combine the regulation of trade and investmentthrough separate chapters with …” „… terminate their BITs by agreement, including the sur-vival clauses, at any time. This has actually happened …”

Giorgio Sacerdoti, Matilde Recanati XIII. Approaches to Investment Protection outside of Specific International Investment Agreements and Investor-State Settlement S. 1839-1862

„… agreement between the European Community and the EuropeanFree Trade Area (EFTA) countries, where the issue …” „… XIII. Approaches to Investment Protection outside of Specific InternationalInvestment Agreements …” „… .621–704; Kenneth G. Vandevelde, ‘A Brief History of International Investment Agreements’(2005) 12 UC Davis …”

Anne K. Hoffmann G. Denial of Benefits S. 598-613

„… invest-ment treaties as well as many Free Trade Agreements concluded by the UnitedStates. The 1994 US Model …” „… investment agreements which regularly are of interest to investorsand host States, many of those agreements …” „… provides, forexample, in Art. 10 that a party may deny the benefits of the agreement to in-vestors and …”

Jorge E. Viñuales VII. Investment Law and Sustainable Development: The Environment breaks into Investment Disputes S. 1714-1738

„… American Free Trade Agreement, 17 December 1992, 32 ILM. 296 (NAFTA).36 Energy Charter Treaty, 17 December …” „… UNTS 120,Art. 4(1).79 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 30 October 1947, 58 UNTS 187 …” „… , incorporated intothe General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 15 April 1994, 1867 UNTS 219 (GATT), Art.XX(b) and …”

Anthony Sinclair VII. Umbrella Clause S. 887-958

„… . 79–82, considering Article 12(1) of the 1998 Framework Agreement on theASEAN Investment Area.6 SGS …” „… , 9 March 1998, paras. 25, 29.Similarly, IBM World Trade Corporation v. Ecuador, ICSID Case No. ARB …” „… Pre-Shipment InspectionAgreement (PSI Agreement) entered into between SGS, an airport and customsservices …”

Ursula Kriebaum III. Arbitrary/Unreasonable or Discriminatory Measures S. 790-806

„… prominent multilateral treaty lacking such a provision is the NAFTA (North AmericanFree Trade Agreement …” „… homepage, available at http://tcc.export.gov/Trade_Agreements/All_Trade_Agreements/exp_002809.asp, and the …” „… , 1992, (1993) 32 ILM 289). For BITs lacking such a provision see e.g.the Austria–Croatia BIT (Agreement …”

Kaj Hobér II. Does Investment Arbitration have a Future? S. 1873-1878

„… importantmultilateral investment treaties: the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT) and the NorthAmerica Free Trade Agreement …” „… Commission, were incompatible, or overlapped,with EU law, agreements and policy. The Commission has asked EU …” „… awaiting the preliminary ruling. Such a systemwould also require agreement on the establishment and the …”

Morris Besch II. Typical Questions Arising within Negotiations S. 93-152

„… Stabilisation Clauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97a) Explicit Agreement …” „… Effects in the Absence of Express Agreement on LegalConsequences …” „… Agreement? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142(3 …”

Christina Binder IV. Circumstances Precluding Wrongfulness S. 442-480

„… under Chapter Eleven of the North American Free TradeAgreement (NAFTA) and operated under ICSID …” „… B.–D. for case references and details on the jurisprudence.Chapter 5: Investment Agreements and General …” „… „Staatsnotstand“’ (2008) 68 ZaöRV 3–34.13 ILC Articles, n. 2.Chapter 5: Investment Agreements and General …”

Arno Gildemeister V. Investment Law and Taxation S. 1677-1691

„… 1678 Arno Gildemeister1234aspects of a given case are covered by the arbitration agreement. This …” „… to this agreement (…)’).3 See Annex to 2010 UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules (http://www.uncitral.org); the …” „… to invokethe breach of an investment agreement, see e.g., Article 24(1) of the US model BIT 2012.This …”

Lars Markert, Helene Bubrowski B. National Setting Aside Proceedings in Investment Arbitration S. 1460-1481

„… Courts . . . . . . . . . . . . 4a) Lack or Invalidity of the Agreement to Arbitrate …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12(2) Assuming Jurisdiction over Issues outside the Scope of theArbitration Agreement …” „… Katia Yannaca-Small (ed), Arbitration under Interna-tional Investment Agreements (Oxford University …”

Stefan Kröll VII. Enforcement of Awards S. 1482-1504

„… the execution ofthe award. Under some treaties, such as the North American Free Trade Agree-ment …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20b) The Need for an Agreement in Writing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 …” „… Gaillardand Domenico Di Pietro (eds), Enforcement of Arbitration Agreements and International Ar-bitral Awards …”

Lucy F. Reed, Jonathan E. Davis A. Who is a Protected Investor? S. 614-637

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7a) The Scope of Protection of Natural Persons under Interna-tional Investment Agreements …” „… Protected InvestorsThe Scope of Protection of Natural Persons under International InvestmentAgreements …” „… RC 331–410, 360–361.Chapter 6: The Scope of Application of International Investment Agreements616 …”

Joachim Steffens II. Excursus: German Political Risk Insurance S. 1552-1568

„… 161718192021– other rights qualifying as assets such as production sharing agreements forcrude oil and natural …” „… re-quest. PwC offers expert advice, free of charge, on all aspects and issues con-cerning the investment …” „… 130 BITs in force, more than any other country.The conclusion of these agreements, particularly with …”

Stephan Wittich V. Investment Arbitration: Remedies S. 1391-1430

„… 10.25.1of the United States–Chile and the United States–Singapore Free Trade Agree-ments. Similarly …” „… specificremedies. If the applicable primary norms, such as bilateral investment treatiesor multilateral agreements …” „… States Model BIT; Article 44 of the Canadian Model Foreign invest-ment Protection and Promotion Agreement …”

Rainer Hofmann III. The Protection of Individuals under Public International Law S. 46-63

„… a BIT (or a multilateraltreaty such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) or the …” „… the individual con-cerned. Moreover, States are no longer free to choose the means by which theywish …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845258997

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Fairen Wettbewerb in der Europäischen Union sichern

Alexander Heger (ed.), Sascha Gourdet (ed.)

Series: Schriften zur Europäischen Integration und Internationalen Wirtschaftsordnung

Volume 59 2022

Results in this title

Frank Hoffmeister Securing a Level Playing Field Through EU Free Trade Agreements – from traditional competition chapters to a dedicated title in the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement S. 127-144

„… Securing a Level Playing Field Through EU Free Trade Agreements – from traditional competition …” „… unilateral action (Article 207(2) TFEU) or concludes free trade agreements (hereinafter, FTAs) with third …” „… and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreements” (hereinafter, DCFTAs) concluded since 2006 is the fact that …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Hans-Georg Kamann/Philipp Rackevei Securing a Level Playing Field Through EU Free Trade Agreements – from …” „… traditional competition chapters to a dedicated title in the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement 127 Frank …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748929024

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Trade Relations after Brexit

Friedemann Kainer (ed.), René Repasi (ed.)

2019

Results in this title

René Repasi Free Trade Agreements as a Means to Maintain and to Establish Integrated Markets S. 117-148

„… Free Trade Agreements as a Means to Maintain and to Establish Integrated Markets Dr. René Repasi1 …” „… _between_the_United_Kingdom_and_the_European_Union.pdf. Free Trade Agreements as a Means to Maintain and to Establish Integrated Markets 119 European …” „… free trade agreement.9 The policy documents will form the basis for the following assessment of what …”

Gavin Barrett Brexit and the Free Movement of Services: Challenges and Regulatory Solutions S. 213-246

„… EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement signed on 30.10.2016. Brexit and the Free Movement of …” „… of a free trade area. Free trade areas involve agreements to cooperate to reduce trade barriers and …” „… . But any comprehensive free trade agreement could target trade in services as well. Free trade …”

Christoph Herrmann Brexit, WTO and EU Trade Policy S. 95-116

„… wide reaching, bold and ambitious free trade agreement and will seek a mutually beneficial new customs …” „… cannot agree on the conclusion of a comprehensive free trade agreement, a partly massive – increase of …” „… policy is also bound by numerous international free trade agreements and customs union agreements which …”

Armin Cuyvers Balancing sovereignty, trade and Northern-Irish peace: Free movement of goods post-Brexit S. 179-212

„… scope of a possible agreement on goods. Balancing sovereignty, trade and Northern-Irish peace: Free …” „… . More problematic is that a second option, that of a CETA style Free Trade Agreements (FTA), also falls …” „… tes/beta-political/files/draft_agreement_coloured.pdf. Balancing sovereignty, trade and Northern-Irish peace: Free movement of goods post-Brexit 205 The …”

Friedemann Kainer Market Access and Standards in the Future Relation between the EU and the UK S. 149-178

„… Kainer Introduction For the future free trade agreement between the European Union and the United Kingdom …” „… education. Any proposal for a trade agreement which would not guarantee free trade in services would …” „… is an innovative trade agreement whose guarantees for free trade go far beyond the WTO‑rules (which …”

Friedemann Kainer, René Repasi Trade Relations after Brexit: An Introduction S. 7-14

„… present solutions and arguments for the negotiations. What could be the basis for a free trade agreement …” „… towards more integrated markets between the UK and the EU will require a tailor-made free trade agreement …” „… . René Repasi doubts, however, that any free trade agreement between the EU and the UK can uphold the …”

Patrick Minford Understanding the UK negotiating position on Brexit S. 43-58

„… setting our own tariffs against major world exporters of these products at zero via Free Trade Agreements …” „… free trade by signing agreements with the non-EU world, the key effect is to lower UK prices of food …” „… free trade agreements around the world this would ensure that all goods from anywhere reach UK …”

Peter-Christian Müller-Graff Legal protection and legal uniformity: Procedural and institutional rules in European-British trade relations after Brexit S. 397-415

„… the WTO (as presented by Christoph Herrmann), but see a need for a bilateral free trade agreement …” „… estimations. But in the case of a future Free Trade Agreement (FTA) the main driving factors for legal …” „… pattern of negotiating Accession or Pre-Accession Treaties, Association Agreements, enhanced Free Trade …”

Albert Sanchez-Graells EU-UK procurement-based trade relations after Brexit: Some thoughts S. 379-396

„… of a rules-based system. On this basis, I suggest that a future EU-UK Free Trade Agreement covering …” „… Procurement Agreement, GPA, UK, EU, Regulatory Reform, International Trade, Free Trade Agreements …” „… will have to set the blueprint for a future EU-UK free trade agreement (the ‘EU-UK FTA’), which should …”

Jürgen Matthes Economic Implications of leaving the EU for the United Kingdom S. 59-94

„… benefits of Brexit for the UK are realised – i.e. deregulation, new free trade agreements (FTAs) and an end …” „… (such as CGE models) tend to significantly underestimate trade effects of free trade agreements.11 …” „… Analyses of the impact of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) show, for instance, that the …”

Florian Wagner-von Papp Brexit: Challenges and Regulatory Solutions in the field of Competition Policy and State Aid S. 331-378

„… to the EEA Agreement. These cooperation agreements, be they separate or part of free trade agreements …” „… the free trade agreements, the Secretary for International Trade Dr Liam Fox had been certain in 2017 …” „… , ‘Competition Law in EU Free Trade and Cooperation Agreements (and What the UK Can Expect After Brexit)’ (2017 …”

Wolf-Georg Ringe Brexit and Financial Regulation S. 247-292

„… free trade agreement (‘Canada option’) are variants of a soft Brexit, whereas ‘hard’ Brexit would mean …” „… appears critical of accepting a potential UK membership in the European Free Trade Agreement (EFTA).29 The …” „… ’ that the UK cannot get a free trade agreement if it ends free movement for EU workers. Wolf-Georg Ringe …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… Herrmann Free Trade Agreements as a Means to Maintain and to Establish Integrated Markets 117 René Repasi …” „… Specific Issues of Future Trade Agreements between the EU and the UK Part 3 Balancing sovereignty, trade …” „… Trade Relations after Brexit Friedemann Kainer/René Repasi (eds.) Nomos BUT_Kainer_5133-4_HC.indd …”

Elmar Brok, Anne Liekenbrock Brexit – The Negotiation Position of the EU 27 S. 15-42

„… relationship could be done in the form of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA), as the EU has with Canada or Japan …” „… ] unless there is a free trade agreement between the EU and the third country. The important British …” „… trade agreements to the full integration of accession to the EU. Task force 50, the Commission’s …”

Menelaos Markakis Citizens’ Rights after Brexit: The Withdrawal Agreement and the Future Mobility Framework S. 293-330

„… (such as a deep and comprehensive Free Trade Agreement), and/or ‘topped up’ through more favourable …” „… in the Agreement on the European Economic Area, the bilateral agreement with Switzerland on free …” „… Citizens’ Rights after Brexit: The Withdrawal Agreement and the Future Mobility Framework Menelaos …”

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Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements

Rainer Hofmann (ed.), Stephan Schill (ed.), Christian J. Tams (ed.)

Series: Schriften zur Europäischen Integration und Internationalen Wirtschaftsordnung

Volume 31 2013

Results in this title

Irmgard Marboe Bilateral Free Trade and Investment Agreements: ‘Stumbling Blocks’ or ‘Building Blocks’ of Multilateralism? S. 229-242

„… 229 Bilateral Free Trade and Investment Agreements: ‘Stumbling Blocks’ or ‘Building Blocks’ of …” „… . How Preferential Trade Agreements Undermine Free Trade (OUP 2008). 3 The term has been used by …” „… regional free-trade agreements which are WTO-compatible according to GATT Article XXIV. The European Union …”

Eric De Brabandere Co-existence, Complementarity or Conflict? Interaction between Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements and Bilateral Investment Treaties S. 37-70

„… Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) and Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs), either in the form of Free …” „… Trade Agreements or Free Trade Areas (FTAs), and Custom Unions (CUs), the difference being that in the …” „… System: How Preferential Trade Agreements Undermine Free Trade (OUP 2008) 1-14 and UNCTAD, (n 5) 13-19 …”

Marc Bungenberg Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements and Regionalism S. 269-288

„… the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)1 and, notably, on the role of Chapter 11 (on …” „… E). Part F will conclude. 1 North American Free Trade Agreement, signed 17 December 1992 (1993 …” „… ” strategy of 2006, that “Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), if approached with care, can build on WTO and other …”

Adrian M. Johnston, Michael J. Trebilcock The Proliferation of Preferential Trade Agreements: The Beginning of the End of the Multilateral Trading System? S. 243-268

„… Matsushita, ‘Legal Aspects of Free Trade Agreements: In the Context of Article XXIV of the GATT 1994’ in …” „… Bhagwati (n 30) 87. 92 Jeffrey J Schott, Free Trade Agreements: US Strategies and Priorities (Institute …” „… , particularly with re- 124 Mitsuo Matsushita and Yong-Shik Lee, ‘Proliferation of Free Trade Agreements and …”

Tillmann Rudolf Braun Investment Chapters in Future European Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements: Two Universes or an Integrated Model? S. 129-156

„… being carried out in the form of investment chapters within the free trade agreements of the European …” „… negotiating mandate for such chapters in the ongoing negotiations concerning free trade agreements with Canada …” „… Comprehensive Free Trade Agreements’ with Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Jordan; and free trade negotiations with …”

Michele Potestà From Mutual Supportiveness to Mutual Enforcement? The Contribution of US Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements to the Effectiveness of Environmental Norms S. 167-186

„… PTIA (as is the case with the North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA),5 or they are more often …” „… Other U.S. Free Trade Agreements’ (2011) 42 U Miami Inter-Am L Rev 297, 298 (noting that environmental …” „… provisions in PTIAs other than those concluded by the US are rare). 5 North American Free Trade Agreement …”

Anna Joubin-Bret Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements and Regionalism: A Stepping Stone Towards a Multilateral Set of Investment Rules or Another Type of Noodles in the Spaghetti Bowl? S. 289-296

„… countries of the free trade agreement. UNCTAD’s methodology to classify an agreement as a PTIA and not only …” „… beyond a commitment to negotiate investment rules in a separate agreement or at a later stage. Free Trade …” „… 289 Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements and Regionalism: A Stepping Stone Towards a …”

Marc Jacob Technique and Contents of International Investment Treaties: Can the Form Affect the Substance? S. 81-90

„… “other” international investment agreements, ie free trade agreements with investment provisions …” „… tend to have a broader scope, e.g. the North American Free Trade Agreement or the Energy Charter …” „… (cooperation agreements, preferential trade areas, free trade areas, customs unions, common markets, economic …”

Anna G. Tevini Regional Investment Protection and Liberalization within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations S. 335-354

„… Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). 3 It is true that the original five ASEAN members established an “ASEAN …” „… economic initiatives including the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services …” „… regarded ASEAN as a means jointly to 5 The new ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement, which was adopted on the …”

Andreas R. Ziegler Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements (PTIAs) and the Bilateralism/Multilateralism Divide S. 187-210

„… ), Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO (OUP 2007) 407-418. 40 European Free Trade Association. 41 …” „… In North America it is in particular Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA …” „… these instruments. The Central American Free Trade Agreement of 2003 (CAFTA, since the accession of …”

Raúl Emilio Vinuesa Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements: A Practitioner’s Perspective S. 25-36

„… and services. The North-American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was one of the first free trade …” „… preferential trade and investment treaty clauses are expressed as part of free trade agreements, custom unions …” „… and objectives of trade in goods and services. At present, in most free trade agreements in force …”

Rainer Hofmann, Stephan W. Schill, Christian J. Tams Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements: From Recalibration to Reintegration S. 9-24

„… World Investment Report 2012: “Other IIAs”, which include agreements such as free trade agreements or …” „… ) accessed 5 February 2013. 13 Ibid 84. 14 North American Free Trade Agreement …” „… through preferential trade agreements, free trade areas, etc., is often seen as a threat to the …”

Freya Baetens Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements and the Trade/Investment Divide: Is the Whole More than the Sum of Its Parts? S. 91-128

„… international arrangements, including free trade agreements, regional trade agreements, economic framework …” „… agreements, agreements for establishing a free trade area and closer economic partnership arrangements. PTIAs …” „… ; Chapter XI of the North American Free Trade Agreement, adopted 17 December 1992 (1993) 32 ILM 289 (NAFTA …”

Axel Berger Investment Rules in Chinese PTIAs – A Partial “NAFTA-ization” S. 297-334

„… Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and include market access provisions in addition to comprehensive …” „… Strategy for Free Trade Agreements: Political Battle in the Name of Trade’ in Ross Buckley, Richard Hu and …” „… - 10 MOFCOM and MFTA, A Joint Study Report on a Free Trade Agreement Between China and New Zealand …”

Christina Binder International Law Approach to Interactions between Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements and the BIT World S. 71-80

„… Free%20Trade%20Agreement.pdf> accessed 30 September 2012: “The provisions of this Agreement shall be …” „… .” 28 See eg Art 5 of Chapter 17 (Final Provisions) of the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement …” „… context of BITs and PTIAs see Mohamed Ramadan Hassanien, United States Bilateral Free Trade Agreements …”

Peter Muchlinski The Role of Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements in International Investment Law: From Unforeseen Historical Developments to an Uncertain Future S. 211-228

„… 211 The Role of Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements in International Investment Law …” „… ), Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements (PTIAs) and Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), and by …” „… ‘additive’ to the international minimum standard.41 The NAFTA Free Trade Commission issued a Note of …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-8

„… 211 Bilateral Free Trade and Investment Agreements: ‘Stumbling Blocks’ or ‘Building Blocks’ of …” „… . Christian J. Tams (eds) Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements From Recalibration to Reintegration …” „… Trade and Investment Agreements (PTIAs). These agreements integrate investment protection and …”

Jorge Albites-Bedoya The Internal Consistency of PTIAs: Overlapping Trade and Investment Obligations and Dispute Resolution Mechanisms S. 157-166

„… American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the WTO,14 but also under the investment protection provisions …” „… development in international law, as traditional trade agreements reserved access to dispute settlement to …” „… agreements.5 The EC-Bananas case was in principle only concerned with trade restrictions of a single good …”

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South Africa's Reintegration into World and Regional Markets

Regine Qualmann

Series: Entwicklungstheorie und Entwicklungspolitik

Volume 3 2008

Results in this title

Implications of South Africa's Free Trade Agreements with SADC and the EU S. 169-171

„… countries are, however, imperative for such an evolution. 12.5 Implications of South Africa's Free Trade …” „… from scale effects following a free trade area in the region – but these gains are also prone to be …” „… indications that in these industries, the share of intra-industry trade has risen, that is, both imports and …”

Regional Integration and Bilateral Preferential Trade Agreements S. 41-47

„… were in principle free to negotiate individual trade agreements with third countries as long as these …” „… 41 2.2 Regional Integration and Bilateral Preferential Trade Agreements Multilateral commitments …” „… these being the Trade and Development Cooperation Agreement (TDCA) with the EU, signed in 1999, and the …”

Abbreviations S. 13-14

„… Direct Investment FOB Free On Board FPE Factor Price Equalization FTA Free Trade Agreement GATT General …” „… Agreement on Tariffs and Trade GDFI Gross Domestic Fixed Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product GEAR Growth …” „… MIIT Marginal Intra-Industry-Trade MTEF Medium-Term Expenditure Framework NAFTA North American Free …”

Multilateral Liberalization of Trade S. 34-41

„… preferential trade arrangements concluded in the late 1990s. The most important bilateral free trade agreement …” „… approximately 70 % of South Africa's total imports duty free during the next 5 to 10 years. These agreements …” „… Regional Integration and Bilateral Preferential Trade Agreements Multilateral commitments have very …”

Trade Creation, Trade Diversion, and Potential Dynamic Effects of Trade Agreements: Review of Previous Literature and Implications S. 163-167

„… recent literature survey, whether or not a preferential or regional free trade agreement benefits its …” „… simulate the potential effects of the recent free trade agreement between South Africa and the EU. Their …” „… be expected from the free trade area? Is there consequently a high risk of diverting trade from third …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… of Industries 167 12.5 Implications of South Africa's Free Trade Agreements with SADC and the EU 169 …” „… and Bilateral Preferential Trade Agreements 41 2.2.1 Regional Integration in SADC 42 2.2.2 The …” „… Bilateral Trade Agreement with the EU 45 2.3 Conclusions on the Implications of Recent Shifts in Trade …”

Trade Diversion, Trade Creation and Beyond S. 92-96

„… and APEC, but potentially also those free trade agreements that the EU has recently committed to like …” „… more advanced. Typical examples of such trade agreements are NAFTA, APEC and the various free trade …” „… horizontally differentiated goods. 7 Regional Trade Integration and Free Trade Arrangements: Potential Effects …”

Bibliography S. 181-196

„… Industrial Policy Secretariat Lewis, J. D. / S. Robinson / K. Thierfelder (2002): Free Trade Agreements and …” „… of the EU-South Africa Free Trade Arrangement, Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission …” „… ): Free Trade and Wages of the Unskilled – Is Marx Striking Again?, in: J Bhagwati / M. Kosters (eds …”

Introduction S. 104-105

„… shifts in the trade pattern are likely in view of the recent implementation of free trade agreements with …” „… of the recently implemented free trade agreements are explored in the light of predictions from …” „… trade regime, the end of sanctions, the country’s accession to the WTO, and negotiations of free trade …”

Summary S. 15-22

„… free-trade agreement with the EU As regards regional integration, the study comes to the conclusion that the …” „… another. Its free-trade agreement with the EU is of outstanding significance for South Africa, because it …” „… comparative advantage. Here in particular, and disappointingly, the free-trade agreement with the EU has not …”

The Role of Comparative Advantages, Scale Economies, and Implications for the Location of Industries S. 167-169

„… . 12.5 Implications of South Africa's Free Trade Agreements with SADC and the EU To consider the …” „… (2001) studied the dynamic effects of increasing trade openness in South Africa and of the free trade …” „… time series estimates of the former analysis to simulate the potential effects of the recent free trade …”

Different Types of Trading Blocs and Potential Implications of 'Hub-and-Spoke' Arrangements S. 96-97

„… agreements are NAFTA, APEC and the various free trade agreements that the EU has signed, for instance with …” „… Eastern Europe or the Euro-Maghreb Agreement. These trade relations can probably best be described as …” „… integrate with countries or trade-blocs that are economically more advanced. Typical examples of such trade …”

Implications of the Emerging Pattern of Specialization for the Labour Market S. 176-178

„… . Finally and importantly it must be noted that the EU – even in the context of the free trade agreement …” „… SADC free trade agreements have been important steps in the transformation of South Africa's pattern of …” „… . Moreover, bilateral levels of IIT were found to be larger than expected for trade with Mozambique and …”

Summary of Findings on South Africa's Emerging Pattern of Trade and Specialization S. 172-176

„… the context of the free trade agreement – is highly protective of its agricultural sector and food …” „… SADC as a regional free trade area is positively impacting on the trade performance of its members, it …” „… will be zero in that case. Preferential trade agreements with the EU on the one hand and with SADC on …”

Stylised Facts on Trade and Production in the SADC Region S. 159-160

„… Implications of South Africa's Free Trade Agreements with SADC and the EU 12.1 Stylised Facts on Trade and …” „… reductions of tariffs and non-tariff barriers within a regional free trade area (Yeats 2000; Ng and Yeats …” „… capital-intensive products within two-way trade flows. 11.4.3 Conclusions and Implications for the Emerging Pattern …”

Problem Statement, Objectives and Structure of the Analysis S. 32-34

„… bilateral free trade agreement is the one concluded with the EU. As this agreement affects over 40 % of …” „… steps to reintegrate the country into the global market and to stimulate trade-led growth. Yet …” „… itself in the international division of labour. How much trade potential is there, and what does it take …”

Introduction S. 65-67

„… move towards free trade agreements with the EU and within SADC. As theory suggests that such …” „… problem common to most disciplines, it does not free trade theory from the widespread scepticism that …” „… 65 II The Impact of Trade Openness on the Pattern of Specialization: What Theory Predicts 4 …”

Recent Shifts in the Regional Pattern of Trade and Specialization S. 160-163

„… within a regional free trade area (Yeats 2000; Ng and Yeats 2000; World Bank 2000b). However, a notable …” „… be expected from the free trade area? Is there consequently a high risk of diverting trade from third …” „… implementation of preferential trade liberalization within SADC. However, trade flows have evolved with a clear …”

Changing Patterns of Inter- and Intra-Industry Trade S. 150-159

„… in the Maghreb countries following the implementation of the Mediterranean Free Trade Agreement …” „… Specialization and Potential Implications of South Africa's Free Trade Agreements with SADC and the EU 12.1 …” „… index (i.e. RCA1 in the present analysis) in the analysis of trade patterns. As the index uses the …”

Shifts in the Pattern of Trade as Indicated by Revealed Comparative Advantage S. 139-150

„… concluded bilateral free trade agreements in recent years which have given the countries and regions …” „… following the implementation of the Mediterranean Free Trade Agreement. Similar constraints relate to the …” „… 139 11.2.2 Trade in Manufactures by Factor-Usage and Trading Partners Based on an international …”

Policy Implications and Outlook S. 178-180

„… SADC free trade agreements have been important steps in the transformation of South Africa's pattern of …” „… Africa. 15 Policy Implications and Outlook Opening up to trade and reintegrating the economy into global …” „… need to be taken. These policies would need to go beyond macroeconomic stabilization and trade …”

The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Relative Factor Prices S. 67-73

„… move towards free trade agreements with the EU and within SADC. As theory suggests that such …” „… that of the abundant factor. The FPE theorem in its original reading predicts that free trade equalises …” „… advantages provides the natural starting point for the analysis of trade and specialization patterns. Among …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845205922

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Gerichte und ihre Äquivalente

Tatjana Hörnle (ed.), Christoph Möllers (ed.), Gerhard Wagner (ed.)

Series: Recht im Kontext

Volume 7 2020

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Steffen Hindelang Parallel Administration of Justice and the Court of Justice of the European Union – The Case of Investor-State Dispute Settlement Provisions in EU Comprehensive Free Trade Agreements and CJEU’s Concep... S. 45-72

„… of Investor-State Dispute Settlement Provisions in EU Comprehensive Free Trade Agreements and …” „… other comprehensive free trade agreements8 – if and once entered into force – will break new ground. For …” „… ). 8 Cf. especially Draft EU-Singapore Free Trade Agreement, Chapter 9 – Investment …”

Tatjana Hörnle, Christoph Möllers, Gerhard Wagner Vorwort S. 7-12

„… – The Case of Investor-State Dispute Settlement Provisions in EU Comprehensive Free Trade Agreements …”

Antoine Duval Towards a Transnational Solange: The Court of Arbitration for Sport and EU Law S. 13-44

„… resolution mechanisms in international trade agreements. I do not intend to revisit these extremely rich and …” „… economically relevant sporting competitions available worldwide. This lack of a free choice was at the centre …” „… the Arbitral Tribunal in Sports Matters: Arbitration Agreement Incorporated by Reference to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845281582

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Economic and Political Cooperation between Asia and Europe in the Age of Globalisation

Harald Bergbauer (ed.), Young-Ryeol Park (ed.)

2013

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Wulfdiether Zippel The Free Trade Agreement EU-South Korea: General Economic Implications on EU’s Single Market and on the German Economy S. 99-113

„… Wulfdiether Zippel The Free Trade Agreement EU-South Korea: General Economic Implications on EU’s …” „… Single Market and on the German Economy Although each Free Trade Agreement (FTA) or Preferential Trade …” „… conference. Free Trade Agreements as a common factor in international economic relations Since the …”

Chun-Kyung Paulus Suh The EU Going Global: With a New Generation FTA to a New Era of World Trade Liberalization S. 113-126

„… Liberalization The Free Trade Agreement between the European Union and the Republic of Korea presents …” „… . New Generation The EU-Korea FTA is the most comprehensive free trade agreement that the EU ever …” „… , the Council mandated the European Commission for bilateral negotiations of a Free Trade Agreement with …”

Ku-Hyun Jung Korea’s FTAs with two Economic Giants and Regionalism in East Asia S. 85-99

„… Korea-EU free trade agreement (FTA) became effective on July 1, 2011. The deal was agreed in 2009 after two …” „… years of negotiation starting in 2007. The Korea- U.S. free trade agreement or the KORUS FTA, as it is …” „… TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement). The Korea-EU Free Trade Agreement It seems quite reasonable …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-16

„… the “North American Free Trade Agreement” (NAFTA), the “Mercado Commun del Cono Sur” (Mercosur), the …” „… this context is the free trade agreement that the European Union and Korea concluded in 2011. Three of …” „… having free trade agreements (FTA) with the US and the EU, and therefore with the two largest markets in …”

Young-Ryeol Park Economic Cooperation between Korea and Germany: Trade and FDI Relations S. 65-85

„… Asia The historic Korea-EU free trade agreement (FTA) became effective on July 1, 2011. The deal was …” „… agreed in 2009 after two years of negotiation starting in 2007. The Korea- U.S. free trade agreement or …” „… ASEAN+3, ASEAN+6 and the TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement). The Korea-EU Free Trade Agreement It …”

Gottfried-Karl Kindermann Changing Patterns of Relations between Taiwan, China, and the USA S. 53-64

„… free trade agreements with other countries in East Asia such as Japan or Singapore. Being wary 29 …” „… 's historic mission was to serve as a last voice and bastion of a free and authentic China in the storm tide …” „… democratization, Chiang Ching-kuo had also initiated travel and trade between Taiwan and the China Mainland. In …”

Jong-Yun Bae North Korea’s Dilemma and Its Influence on Inter-Korean Relations S. 17-33

„… Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Mercado Commun del Cono Sur (Mercosur), the Southern African Development …” „… Korea’s nuclear crisis and the nutritional support for North Korea. But, 14 days after this agreement …” „… amount of South Korea’s trade was 213 times bigger than that of North Korea.1 Regarding the political …”

Doowon Lee The Green Growth Strategy of Korea S. 127-157

„… / R Jurenas / MD Platzer / ME Manyin, ‘The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement and Its Implications …” „… [http://gem.sciencespo.fr/content/publications/pdf/AHN_KOREU% 20FTA%20201010.pdf] visited on [21.3.2012] L Bartels, ‘Regional Trade Agreements’ in: R Wolfrum …” „… version, available at [www.mpepil.com] CM Brown, ‘The European Union and Regional Trade Agreements’, 2 …”

Dalchoong Kim The September 19 Joint Statement of the Six Party Talks and Prospect for Multilateral Security Mechanism in Northeast Asia S. 43-53

„… years ago. The key agenda at the summit will be most likely, other than the Korea-US Free Trade …” „… 6 PT On September 19, 2005, an agreement known as the September 19 Joint Statement was adopted at …” „… Northeast Asia. Implementing the September 19 Joint Statement, the 6 PT adopted another important agreement …”

Andreas Wilhelm “Regionalism Matters”: East Asian Regionalism and the two Koreas S. 33-43

„… institutions, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the Mercado Commun del Cono Sur …” „… Cooperation (APEC) trade forum, the rest arose as ASEAN-led initiatives and bear its imprimatur, notably the …” „… Party Talks continue to enlarge and deepen regional trade and security cooperation, and are venues in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845245126

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Japan in a Dynamic Asia

Yoichiro Sato (ed.), Satu Limaye (ed.)

2006

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3 Japan and the Emerging Free Trade Agreements in the Asia-Pacific: An Active Leadership? Yoichiro Sato S. 37-68

doi.org/10.5771/9780739156698

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