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Judicial Activism in a Comparative Perspective

Fabian Schusser

Series: Moderne Südasienstudien - Modern South Asian Studies

Volume 7 2019

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Judiciary S. 40-47

„… an analysis of the judiciary’s power. 3.1. Constitutional courts It was the U.S. Supreme Court with …” „… 40 3. Judiciary Before going into the analysis of two concrete institutions, one has to ask …” „… what the role of the judiciary in general is. Where is judicial decision making located in the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-22

„… both judicial integrity and the comprehensive attention of the judiciary to the full range of …” „… framework. In modern political systems, it is the judiciary that occupies the key role of adjudicator, and …” „… supreme judiciary has the responsibility of ensuring a level playing field for competing political forces …”

Bibliography S. 153-164

„… ; accessed 10/09/2018 Dhavan, R. (2007). “Governance by Judiciary. Into the Next Millenium [sic]”. In: Dua …” „… , B.D., Sing, M.P., Saxena, R. Saxena (eds.). Indian Judiciary and Politics. The Changing Landscape …” „… Judiciary and Politics. The Changing Landscape. New Delhi: Manohar. Dua, B.D. 2007. “Introduction”. In …”

Comparison and contrast of the two courts S. 129-143

„… and fragile. Many of the newly elected politicians knew of the problems with the judiciary which had …” „… division of competences between the legislative/executive and the judiciary. In a healthy system, there …” „… state bodies. The following figures show that in both countries the judiciary enjoys a high reputation …”

Conclusion S. 144-152

„… functioning democratic state would be less dependent on a strong constitutional judiciary than a dysfunctional …” „… or weak one. But it is precisely because they have a functioning constitutional judiciary that …” „… India the judiciary itself is the deciding body. What they have in common is that only professional …”

The Supreme Court of India S. 48-89

„… 48 4. The Supreme Court of India The S.C. is part of a single integrated judiciary (Chaudhary …” „… shall be a Supreme Court of India”. The Indian constitution foresees a system of a unified judiciary, in …” „… with suggestions and recommendations regarding changes of the central judiciary after the independence …”

The German Bundesverfassungsgericht S. 90-128

„… , i.e. the executive, the judiciary and the legislative; in order to exert this control function, it has …” „… complaint against a judgement is a way to control the judiciary. If a citizen thinks that the last resort’s …” „… , where a proceeding can be opened as a PIL, the German judiciary and especially the BVerfG do not allow …”

Introduction S. 23-29

„… on the role of the judiciary in a political system, constitutional courts and judicial activism, the …” „… the political systems of India and Germany and the structure and role of their respective judiciary …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845297446

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The Israeli Legal System

Christian Walter (ed.), Barak Medina (ed.), Lothar Scholz (ed.), Heinz-Bernd Wabnitz (ed.)

2019

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Shimon Shetreet § 2 Courts and Judiciary S. 27-38

„… Courts and Judiciary Shimon Shetreet IntroductionI. 27 Competence and jurisdiction of the courtsII …” „… of Judicial Independence in Israel: Substantive and Institutional Aspects of the Judiciary in …” „… different elements and issues regarding the Israeli courts and Judiciary. It will begin by delineating the …”

Ron Harris § 1 History and Sources S. 15-26

„… Commissioner, the Legislature, composed of 10 officials and 12 elected members, and the Judiciary.13 The …” „… Judiciary's lowest layer was a Magistrate Court, based on the Ottoman Court of Peace. Its second layer was …” „… . The structure of the Judiciary was hybrid. It embodied Ottoman and British 9 British Government, ‘The …”

Suzie Navot § 3 Constitutional Law S. 39-68

„… judiciary joined other basic laws concerning the president, the army and the state comptroller. Still, the …” „… impartial powers that generally characterise the judiciary and, to some extent, also the executive branch …” „… position by law’. Although this section formally grants the judiciary the right to intervene in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… ConclusionVII. 25 Courts and Judiciary Shimon Shetreet § 2 27 IntroductionI. 27 Competence and jurisdiction of …”

Ram Rivlin § 8 Family Law S. 137-154

„… of the judiciary. I will say a few words about the Arab minority in section VII below. II. 1. 1 See …” „… Israeli society.11 For that rea‐ son, it was mostly the judiciary that was eagerly active in an attempt to …”

Emanuel Gross § 14 Criminal Procedure S. 231-240

„… the proceedings in court, conducted in front of the judiciary.11 4 Basic Law: Human Dignity and …”

Edo Eshet § 11 Labor Law S. 177-188

„… involvement is necessary and the law cannot be adjusted by the judiciary. See, for exam‐ ple, HCJ 1678/09 …”

Rifat Azam § 12 Tax Law S. 189-204

„… judiciary, in several cases, overcame this question by assuming infringement of property, but ruling that …”

Ronen Perry § 5 Law of Torts S. 87-112

„… somewhat overlapping procedural defence was recognized by the judiciary. Un‐ der a time-honored rule of the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845290232

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Konflikt und Koexistenz

Gerd Bender (ed.), Michael Stolleis (ed.), Jani Kirov (ed.)

Series: Studien zur europäischen Rechtsgeschichte

Volume 292 2015

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T. Parveva The Establishment of the Modern Bulgarian Judiciary S. 825-858

„… judiciary’s independence. While making observations on the definitions and scope of the concept, and looking …” „… The Establishment of the Modern Bulgarian Judiciary: The Transfer of Western Principles and their …” „… authors do not use the concept of independence of the judiciary uniformly,2 there is a grouping of basic …”

A.Y. Kaja The Reorganization of the Ottoman Legal Administration in the Balkans in the 19th Century S. 61-102

„… of the Ottoman Sharia Judiciary in the Tanzimat Period, in: Colin Imber, Keiko Kiyotaki (eds …”

A. Florin Sora The History of Penal Law in Romania S. 575-632

„… proper functioning of an autonomous judiciary.The Prince no longer had the right to intervene in the …” „… to achieve the same success in reforming the organisation of Moldavia’s judiciary that he had …” „… of the judiciary branch from the executive one (and particularly from the central and local …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-VIII

„… ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 795 Teodora Parveva The Establishment of the Modern Bulgarian Judiciary: The Transfer of Western …”

M. Belov Establishment of Modern Constitutional Principles in Bulgaria S. 859-896

„… pressure over the judiciary. The separation of powers and democracy itself were, therefore purely nominal …” „… patronage power over the judiciary. He appointed people to the most important judicial positions on the …”

M. Stolleis Transfer normativer Ordnungen S. 1-20

„… Bulgarian Judiciary: The Transfer of Western Principles and their Implementation (s. u. 825–857); Ralitsa …”

M. Guțan Legal Transplant as Socio-Cultural Engineering in Modern Romania S. 481-530

„… law. Romanian legal scholars and judiciary did nothing else for years but faithfully import French …” „… constitutional postulation of three classical powers – legislative, executive and judiciary – fulfilled the …”

C. Turliuc Constitutional Law as a Political Program in Romania 1856-1914 S. 531-574

„… legislature, executive and judiciary to each other and to the citizens.1 A constitution is also generally …” „… was proposed as well as different laws concerning the judiciary. But all these projects were put …”

B. Iancu Constitutionalism between Transplant and Irritation S. 459-480

„… at change with recourse to constitutional arguments (independence of the judiciary, rule of law …”

Y. Terzibaşoĝlu Ottoman 'Legal Revolution' in the Ninteteenth-Century Balkans S. 103-140

„… sharia judiciary in the Tanzimat period.« Frontiers of Ottoman studies: state, province, and the West 1 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783465142461

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Internationale Verwaltung im Kosovo

Ursel Reich

Series: Studien zum europäischen und internationalen Verwaltungsrecht

Volume 2 2012

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Justizwesen: „administration of the judiciary“ S. 98-103

„… : „administration of the judiciary“Das Mandat der UNMIK umfasst nach der Auslegung des SRSG in der erstenUNMIK …” „… judiciary).4283.4.III.427 Legal Officer der UNMIK.428 UNMIK/REG/1999/01, Abschnitt 1.98Gerichtsorganisation …”

Verwaltungsvollzug: „subsidiary instruments issued thereunder” S. 94-98

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-22

„… Justizwesen: „administration of the judiciary“III. 98Abkommen der UNMIK mit anderen StaatenIV. 103Ergebnis …” „… subsidiary instruments4. 98Justizwesen: „administration of the judiciary“III. 98Gerichtsorganisation im …”

Ergebnis S. 57-58

„… administration of the judiciary, will,therefore, be vested in UNMIK.” SG Report to the SC v. 12.07.1999, UN Doc …”

Organisation der Wahlen S. 81-82

„… , executive authority and administrationof the judiciary unterteilt werden.318Normsetzung: „issue legislative …”

Normsetzung: „issue legislative acts“ S. 82-94

„… drei Bereiche legislative, executive authority and administrationof the judiciary unterteilt werden.318 …” „… Administration of the Judiciary and Prosecution Service; UNMIK/REG/1999/07, On the Appointment and Removal From …”

Der allgemeine Sprachgebrauch des Begriffs administration in der UN S. 54-57

„… administration of the judiciary, will,therefore, be vested in UNMIK.” SG Report to the SC v. 12.07.1999, UN Doc …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 303-318

„… ofKosovo and the Lessons- Learned in Efforts to Establish a Judiciary and Rule of Law, MichiganJournal of …” „… Judiciary and Its Role in the Protection of HumanRights under UN Administration Using the Case of Kosovo …”

Sicherheitsratsresolution 1244(1999) S. 41-46

„… the judiciary, is vested in UNMIK and is exercised by the Special Representative of …”

Kritik an bestehenden Kontroll- und Rechtsschutzmechanismen S. 258-265

„… )1331 S. oben, Justizwesen: „administration of the judiciary“, S. 98; Rahmenverfassung UNMIK/REG …”

Kritik an bestehenden Rechtsgrundlagen S. 251-258

„… the judiciary“, S. 98; Rahmenverfassung UNMIK/REG/2009/01.1332 S. oben, Staatliche und kosovarische …”

Zivilverwaltung S. 58-65

„… with respect to Kosovo, including the administrationof the judiciary, is vested in UNMIK and is …”

Externe Kontrollmechanismen - Rechtsschutz S. 232-245

„… : „administration of the judiciary“, S. 98.1178 Wörtlich: „from any legal process“, UNMIK/REG/2000/47 v. 18.08.2000 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845236377

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Rule of Law and the Judiciary

Katja Meier (ed.), Astrid Lorenz (ed.), Mattias Wendel, Maitre en droit (ed.)

2023

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Jan Němec Judicial independence in the Czech Republic – Walking on a tightrope S. 79-98

„… , especiallyfrom the media, on the functioning of the judiciary.Table 1: Overview of powers to appoint judicial …” „… independence of the judiciaryare indeed easier to launch if the judiciary does not enjoy significant …” „… processes within the judiciary.A relatively high and stable level of public confidence in the judiciary …”

Anne Sanders Judgments and recommendations S. 143-164

„… judiciary.While this suggestion was not convincing because it overlooked the contextof the German system,84 it …” „… ofan independent judiciary.Other bodies such as the Venice Commission and the CCJE take amore systemic …” „… 2010(12), para 11.6 See Vilfan-Vospernik, Report on the ECHR case law on the Independence of theJudiciary …”

Astrid Lorenz, Mattias Wendel Rule of law challenges as integration booster, learning from resilient actors and ambiguities of rule of law by design S. 15-34

„… trust in the judiciary’s impartiality.Rule of law challenges as integration booster25However, Reutter …” „… take adequate measures to protect therule of law in general and the independence of the judiciary in …” „… judiciary within the frameworkof the separation of powers into a vertical relationship by curtailing …”

Ivo Šlosarčík The future of rule of law in the European Union beyond Polish and Hungarian controversies S. 61-76

„… before EU accession2.1 Continuity and discontinuity of the judiciary within democratictransformationThe …” „… transformation of the Czech judiciary in the 1990s combined elementsof continuity and discontinuity. The general …” „… court pursued less formalisticpositions in the interpretation of Czech laws than the general judiciary.4 …”

Klaus Rennert Keynote speech S. 181-186

„… person‐nel decisions by entrusting them to the judiciary itself. This will lead to asituation in which these …” „… whe‐ther it is based on the criterion of professional excellence.A system of scrutiny by the judiciary …” „… , the participation of judiciary representatives in judicial personneldecisions provides further …”

Bettina Limperg, Joachim Herrmann, Wojciech Piątek, Ivo Šlosarčík Panel discussion S. 187-206

„… reviewof measures by the judiciary was of course called for, but the judiciarymust also accept certain …” „… of newtechnologies that could be used in the judiciary.Bettina Limperg, Joachim Herrmann, Wojciech …” „… judiciary must be constantly strengthened be‐cause it is not given forever. It is easy to lose but much more …”

Mattias Wendel Enforcing the independence of national courts by means of EU law S. 123-142

„… judiciaryIn simplified terms, this made EU law look like a toothless tiger. Althoughit proclaimed that the …” „… branch of government, the judiciary, that is caughtin the crosshairs of populist or illiberal plans to …” „… specific areas, however, EU law did not seemto have any grip on the national organization of the judiciary …”

Astrid Lorenz, Lisa H. Anders Conceptions and perceptions of the rule of law and how studying them can help to resolve the EU rule of law crisis S. 37-60

„… , debates about the rule oflaw should refer to these elements. The independence of the judiciary,for example …” „… enforcement as well as anindependent judiciary are the key elements of the rule of law.The most important …” „… House, for example, measures the rule of law by checking forthe existence of an independent judiciary …”

Adam Bodnar The role of Polish civil society in supporting EU activities as regards protection of judicial independence and other elements of the rule of law S. 167-180

„… . Institutionalchanges concerning the National Council of the Judiciary and the SupremeCourt, as well as disciplinary …” „… judiciary.9 As a resultof this judgment, Polish authorities cannot depart and claim non-enforce‐ment. Such …” „… independence should not be taken forgranted. In the case of populist motivations, the judiciary could becomethe …”

Werner Reutter German state constitutional courts: the justices S. 99-122

„… judiciary(table 3). Due to a lack of information, it is impossible to tell whetherthe “most obvious difference” is …” „… independent judiciary, the second should favor democratic legitimacy.21We find similar considerations with …” „… been elected by a state parliament but ratherappointed by a minister of the judiciary. My analysis …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… Rule of Law and the JudiciaryKatja Meier | Astrid Lorenz | Mattias Wendel (Hrsg.)Katja Meier …” „… | Astrid Lorenz | Mattias Wendel (Hrsg.)Rule of Law and the JudiciaryOnlineversionNomos eLibraryDie …” „… actors as exemplified by the crisis of thePolish judiciary 123Anne SandersJudgments and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748940999

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The Party Leads All

Jacques deLisle (ed.), Guobin Yang (ed.)

2022

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The Party’s Control over the Judiciary S. 157-186

„… 157SIXThe Party’s Control over the JudiciaryXIN HE This chapter explores how the party has …” „… have touched the issue of extralegal influence on the courts, let alone the judiciary’s role in China’s …” „… judiciary’s loyalty to the party and the need to avoid the pernicious influence of “Western” rule-of-law …”

Preface S. i-x

„… and Chinese Communist Party Power 137 melanie manionSIX The Party’s Control over the Judiciary 157 xin …”

Assessing the Chinese Communist Party and Its Many Changing Roles S. 1-42

„… party’s relationship with a distinctive state insti-tution: the judiciary. He provides a brief overview of …” „… to create a more professional and competent judiciary and a more formal institutionalized legal …” „… institutions, includ-ing the hierarchical judiciary) in politically sensitive cases (including those affecting …”

Ideology for Organization: Xi Jinping’s Party-Building in Historical Perspective S. 109-136

„… equal with the state Procuratorate, the judiciary, and the State Council. It has jurisdiction over all …”

doi.org/10.5771/9780815739524

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Relationship between the Legislature and the Judiciary

Jan von Hein (ed.), Hanno Merkt (ed.), Sonja Meier (ed.), Alexander Bruns (ed.), Yuanshi Bu (ed.), Silja Vöneky (ed.), Michael Pawlik (ed.), Eiji Takahashi (ed.)

Series: Recht in Ostasien

Volume 17 2017

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Seongwook Heo Recent Issues and Trends of Environmental Law and Policy in Korea – Legislature vs. Judiciary S. 263-272

„… Recent Issues and Trends of Environmental Law and Policy in Korea – Legislature vs. Judiciary1 …” „… against BAU until 2030. An Overview of CO2 Emission Trading Act in Korea and its insights on judiciary …” „… ? “Green Growth” in the judiciary Following questions should be raised in dealing with ETA litigations. (1 …”

Jan von Hein The Relationship between the Legislature and the Judiciary in DevelopingGeneral Principles of Private International Law S. 137-168

„… The Relationship between the Legislature and the Judiciary in Developing General Principles of …” „… Legislature and the Judiciary”, I will look at how the current acquis of European private international law …” „… sign of a strong degree of trust in its own judiciary, the limited German approach must be …”

Sang Won Lee The Influence of the Judiciary on the Criminal Legislation and Its Impact on the Transformation of Models: An Analysis of the Korean Experience S. 169-194

„… The Influence of the Judiciary on the Criminal Legislation and Its Impact on the Transformation of …” „… cooperation between the judiciary and the legislature in the midst of the raging waves of political and social …” „… Influence of the Judiciary on the Criminal Legislation 171 only allowed when the accused establishes that no …”

Dongjin Lee A Dynamic between the Legislature and the Judiciary in Korean Health Law: examplified by End-of-Life Decision-making and Health Care Financing Issues S. 273-294

„… A Dynamic between the Legislature and the Judiciary in Korean Health Law: examplified by …” „… address these issues in a timely manner. The Korean judiciary often reacts to this legislative lag by bold …” „… judiciary interact with one another to resolve these conflicts. It will also contribute to improving our …”

Un Jong Pak Of Judicial Justice S. 11-24

„… politics, but still have hope towards the judiciary? What is the most certain is that, for ordinary people …” „… between the legislature, judiciary, and civil society, I will propose the principle of division of justice …” „… : legislature, judiciary, civil society. On the very top is the stable instance(legislature) which lays down the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Recht in Ostasien | 17 Relationship between the Legislature and the Judiciary Hein | Merkt | Meier …” „… Judiciary Contributions to the 6th Seoul-Freiburg Law Faculties Symposium Nomos BUT_Hein_3736-9.indd 3 …” „… Relationship between the Legislature and the Judiciary Contributions to the 6th Seoul-Freiburg Law Faculties …”

Frank L. Schäfer Judge-made Law beyond the German Civil Code S. 89-108

„… , grand inquisitor of German jurisprudence, argues that the German judiciary has shifted the balance of …” „… contra legem], 1992; Ralf Poscher, Rechtsprechung und Verfassungsrecht [Judiciary and Constitutional Law …” „… Rechtsquellen: Europarecht und nationales Recht [The Importance of the Judiciary within the System of Legal …”

Jinsu Yune The Decision of the Korean Supreme Court on the Contingent Fee Agreement in Criminal Cases – General Clause, Judicial Activism, and Prospective Overruling S. 109-136

„… judiciary. In other words, the separation of power principle matters in both cases. 26 See, Stephanie A …” „… the written law; to find it and to actualize in decisions is the task of the judiciary.40 General …” „… between the legislature and the judiciary, but that between the Federal Constitutional Court and ordinary …”

Kye Joung Lee Tension and Conflict between Laws Made by a Judge and Legislations by the National Assembly in Private Law S. 69-88

„… Separation of powers among the executive branch, the legislature and the judiciary can be said to be the key …” „… judiciary is not endowed with power of creating the law but endowed with power of enforcing the law enacted …”

Matthias Jestaedt The Constitution Conformant Interpretation – Norm Compatibilisation Through Harmonisation by Way of Interpretation S. 25-40

„… remarkable –all levels and in all branches of the judiciary. It is, from the point of view of legal …”

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Festschrift Elisabeth Lovrek

Andreas Konecny (ed.), Gottfried Musger (ed.), Matthias Neumayr (ed.), Martin Spitzer (ed.)

Series: Festschrift

Volume 2024

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Stefan Weber Hang all judges! – The independence of the judiciary and its enemies S. 869-884

„… governments or legislatures to achieve domination over the judiciary.This study analyses selected governmental …” „… balance of power between the judiciary and the executive. The proposal seeks to curb the judiciary’s …” „… Hang all judges!The independence of the judiciary and its enemiesStefan Weber, ViennaDedicated to a …”

Anna Gamper Die Mitwirkung der Judikative an derBestellung von Höchstrichtern S. 197-216

„… Oxford Handbook of Comparative Con stitutional Law (2012) 831; Smilov, The Judiciary: The Least Dangerous …” „… to a Fair Trial or an Attack on the Independence of the Judiciary? Access to Justice in Eastern …” „… , Federalist No. 78: The Judiciary Department (1788); zuletzt etwa Gamper, Argument 20 ff. Vgl dazu auch die …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVIII

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 861Stefan WeberHang all judges!The independence of the judiciary and its enemies …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783214257736

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Constitution-Building in Africa

Community Law Centre, University of the Western Cape

Series: Recht und Verfassung in Afrika - Law and Constitution in Africa

Volume 26 2015

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Melizsa Mugyenyi The Judiciary: Emerging Vanguard of Kenya’s New Constitution S. 161-181

„… than ever before. Against this backdrop, the chapter investigates the extent to which the judiciary’s …” „… against this backdrop that the present chapter investigates the extent to which the judiciary’s newfound …” „… the affairs of the courts. Section 4 critically analyses the judiciary’s capacity to preserve in the …”

Jaap de Visser, Nico Steytler, Derek Powell, Ebenezer Durojaye Constitution-building in Africa: introductory remarks S. 9-18

„… process of constitution-making; designing the structure of the state; the judiciary and constitutionalism …” „… : introductory remarks 13 The judiciary and constitutionalism Constitutionalism is a precondition for successful …” „… judiciary in this regard. Mugyenyi examines the role of the judiciary in Kenya’s efforts to build and …”

Solomon Ayele Dersso More than Enacting a Just Constitution: Lessons from Kenya on the Challenges of Establishing a Rule-Based Democratic Politics S. 271-292

„… violence. In 2007, the judiciary’s lack of independence from the president and its resultant loss of …” „… changes. The constitution provided for an independent judiciary and a number of independent commissions …” „… to the legal and political system. It provided for an independent judiciary and a number of …”

Linda Musumba Pre-Testing Proposed Constitutions through Intelligent Scenario-Building as a Means of Promoting Their Viability: A Case Study of Kenya S. 75-103

„… the stable framework of a democratic culture characterised by tolerance and a robust judiciary …” „… of altering the balance of power between the executive, legislature and judiciary. As a result …” „… from institutions like the police service, prisons, judiciary, political Pre-Testing Proposed …”

Sauda Nabukenya Why Do Constitutions in Africa Not Stand the Test of Time? Lessons and Perspectives from Uganda S. 293-334

„… operationali- 11 Weingast BR & Mittal S ‘Symposium: The judiciary and the popular will: Constitutional …” „… independent judiciary and the notion of the supremacy of law work together to ensure that the letter and the …” „… investment or environmental protection; there were also several proposals for curbing the judiciary. 61 …”

Assefa Fiseha Legislative–Executive Relations in the Ethiopian Parliamentary System: Towards Institutional and Legal Reform S. 239-270

„… relations were rendered as a triangle, the legislature would occupy the apex and the executive and judiciary …” „… occupying the apex of a triangular hierarchy and the legislature and judiciary, the bottom corners. The …” „… executive free to fill in whatever amount it pleases – and, as a bonus, parliament even ousted the judiciary …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Amar Roopanand Mahadew The Judiciary: Emerging Vanguard of Kenya’s New Constitution 161 Melizsa …”

Enoch MacDonnell Chilemba They Keep Saying, ‘My President, My Emperor, and My All’: Seeking an Antidote to the Perpetual Threat to Constitutionalism in Malawi S. 200-238

„… respect of the judiciary, the president appoints the chief justice (who has to be confirmed by parliament …” „… promotes constitutionalism. The courts’ judicial powers of review The judiciary plays the crucial role of …” „… , parliament and judiciary by, inter alia, establishing mechanisms to limit presidential interference in the …”

Laurent Sermet Reflections on Transitional Constitutional Law in the Light of the Jurisprudence of the Constitutional Courts of the Comoros and Madagascar S. 182-199

„… , national sovereignty and of the independence of judiciary systems of the country …. However, from a …”

Tabeth Masengu Standing on the Sidelines Watching: Women and Zambia’s Constitutional Processes S. 48-74

„… bodies and the judiciary,37 the NCC had merely 131 women, which equated to 26 per cent of the members of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845254609

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Economic Liberties and the Judiciary

James A. Dorn, Henry G. Manne

1988

doi.org/10.5771/9781461737797

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Constitutionalism and Good Governance

Dirk Ehlers (ed.), Henning Glaser (ed.), Kittisak Prokati (ed.)

Series: CPG Series of Comparative Constitutional Law, Politics and Governance

Volume 1 2014

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Björn Dressel Transformation of Constitutionalism in Asia: The Role of the Judiciary S. 369-392

„… Transformation of Constitutionalism in Asia: The Role of the Judiciary Björn Dressel Introduction …” „… been neither clearcut nor consistent. For instance, while the judiciary has often been empowered by a …” „… Judicialization,” 2009. Björn Dressel 370 political interference with the judiciary and even reinforce tendencies …”

Andreas Føllesdal Federalism and Human Rights in Nepal’s Constitutional Design: Challenges for the Judiciary S. 195-206

„… Federalism and Human Rights in Nepal’s Constitutional Design: Challenges for the Judiciary* Andreas …” „… particular interest to consider how the Nepal judiciary will and must use it, since such expectations should …” „… strategies of the judiciary in Nepal. The new constitution will challenge the Nepal judiciary in several ways …”

Hassavut Vititviriyakul Democracy, Elections and the Constitutional Governance S. 361-368

„… control the judiciary and independent agencies in order to lessen the burdens associated with the scrutiny …” „… consequence, the judiciary was criticized for its failure to curb corruption and for being submissive to …” „… political influences. In the following period, when the judiciary exercised extensive scrutinizing powers …”

Yueh-sheng Weng Interpretations of the Constitutional Court and the Developments of Rule of Law and Democratic Constitutionalism in Taiwan S. 319-360

„… duty of the judiciary in modern rule of law countries is to protect human rights. The changing …” „… to confront and crossexamine their witnesses; the separation of the judiciary and prosecution; trials …” „… , 2000, arguing that “to realize the principle of judicial independence, the judiciary shall preserve …”

Ingwer Ebsen Democracy and Majority Rule S. 163-182

„… legislation, • division of powers which provides the judiciary in particular with independence vis-à-vis the …” „… for elections and legislation, the independence of the judiciary including constitutional jurisdiction …” „… and its protection by a working judiciary. Democracy and Majority Rule 165 balances” such as the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Federalism and Human Rights in Nepal’s Constitutional Design: Challenges for the Judiciary 195 Andreas …” „… Transformation of Constitutionalism in Asia: The Role of the Judiciary 369 Björn Dressel List of Contributors 393 …”

Dirk Ehlers Federalism and Decentralization S. 183-194

„… the legislative, administrative and judiciary competencies as well as the fiscal sovereignty are …” „… Court and the constitutional courts of the states, the judiciary is split into different levels of …”

List of Contributors S. 393-396

„… the Judiciary in the Global Order, University of Oslo Henning Glaser DAAD Expert-Lecturer at the …”

Henning Glaser Multiple Constitutionalizations – ‘Constitutionalism and Good Governance in European-Asian Perspectives’ S. 11-62

„… containment of electoral democracy particularly by a more active role of the judiciary as the most important …” „… contrasting constitutional rulings by the judiciary.51 This view is complemented by the interesting claim of …” „… relations between judiciary and the governing political majority concerning the question of social rights …”

Bodo Pieroth The Notion of the “Rule of Law” and its Development in German Constitutional History S. 105-126

„… executive and judiciary to the law and constitution. Its comprehensive and sophisticated catalogue of basic …” „… the state infringes their basic rights. With the exception of the judiciary, this right extends to all …”

Jörg Menzel Constitutionalism as Development S. 81-104

„… legal system and chapters on the judiciary. If taken seriously, most modern constitutions adopted in …” „… , separated powers of the legislature, executive and judiciary, as well as provide for some vertical structure …”

Warawit Kanithasen Some Critical Observations on the Freedom of Assembly in Thailand S. 243-254

„… , administration, and the judiciary are given guidelines and inspiration (Richtlinien und Impulse) by it …”

Dieter Grimm Levels of the Rule of Law – On the Possibility of Exporting a Western Achievement S. 141-152

„… kind of judicial scrutiny. Generally speaking, it took enormous efforts until the judiciary regained …”

Rainer Grote Constitutionalization of Political Rule in Europe: Freedom of Speech, Press and Assembly S. 303-318

„… confidential information, or the maintenance of the authority and impartiality of the judiciary. Within this …”

Albert H.Y. Chen Western Constitutionalism in Southeast Asia: Some Historical and Comparative Observations S. 63-80

„… communitarian interests over individual rights. In Malaysia, the independence of the judiciary was perceived to …”

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The Independence of International Courts

Dominik Zimmermann

Series: Successful Dispute Resolution

Volume 1 2014

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Chapter C: The International Judiciary – Defining the Object of Investigation S. 89-123

„… judicialindependence originates. In other words, why does independence matter forthe international judiciary?As we saw …” „… Chapter C: The International Judiciary – Defining the Object ofInvestigationI. IntroductionThe …” „… delimitation, the historical development of theinternational judiciary will be outlined briefly to set the …”

Chapter B: The Notion of Judicial Independence – The Analytical Framework S. 47-88

„… totalitarian ethos, inherently alien to a fair judiciary of westerncomplexion, to demand the judiciary’s …” „… unpretentious yetpractically relevant example of the judiciary’s financing may be drawn from.Were courts not …” „… and necessitates the substantial evaluationof what is the judiciary’s central task, i.e. from what the …”

Chapter A: Introduction S. 33-46

„… International Judiciary(Study Group of the International Law Association on the Practice and Procedure …” „… international judiciary:(I) What is the content of the principle of judicial independence appliedin …” „… to be emphasized that the international judiciary is but one of anumber of mechanisms that may be …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-32

„… Judiciary to a Fundamental Value of the Administration of JusticeSuccessful Dispute Resolution 1 …” „… Adherence of the International Judiciary to a Fundamental Value of the Administration of …” „… DataZimmermann, DominikThe Independence of International CourtsThe Adherence of the International Judiciary to a …”

Chapter I: Summary of Conclusions and Outlook S. 512-522

„… independent functioning of a court.III. The Prospects of an Independent International JudiciaryWhen analysing …” „… International Judiciary – BalancingIndependence and Courts’ Political NatureThe multiplication of international …” „… international judiciary since the individual judge is the guarantor of judicial independence; it is in his mind …”

Bibliography S. 539-598

„… Appointment and Accountability ofthe English Judiciary (North-Holland Publishers Amsterdam 1976).Simpson, John …” „… Independence ofthe "International Judiciary"' (2003) 2 The Law and Practice of International Courtsand …” „… , Accountable Judiciary– Keynote Address to: The Annual Conference of the Australian Institute of …”

Chapter G: Judicial Independence in the Ad Hoc International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda S. 343-424

„… Judiciary,Draft Universal Declaration on the Independence of Justice (“Singhvi Declaration”) (1989) E/CN.4/Sub …” „… independent judiciary, even if it was to function under the control of the international community. The fact …” „… Principles on the Independence of theJudiciary.1432 For an overview see Bassiouni, M. Cherif, 'Human Rights …”

Chapter D: Judicial Independence in the International Court of Justice S. 124-211

„… “a place similar to that occupied in manyStates by the Judiciary”.340Beyond these statements a glance …” „… the Judiciary”; PCIJ, Acts and Documents concerningthe Organisation of the Court: No. 2 Preparation of …” „… Nijhoff The Hague 1997), 63-64.428 Mosler, 'The International Judiciary from the Point of View of an …”

Chapter H: Judicial Independence in the European Court of Human Rights S. 425-511

„… detail establishes the various components of an independent andimpartial judiciary bears witness to the …”

Chapter F: Judicial Independence in the International Criminal Court S. 284-342

„… such crimes from the national judiciary, whichhad proven unsuccessful after the First World War, it was …”

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Judicial Reforms in Luxembourg and Europe

Burkhard Hess (ed.)

Series: Studies of the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law

Volume 1 2014

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de Groot-van Leeuwen Leny E. Judicial Reform in the Netherlands: Perception and Reception in the Judiciary S. 173-180

„… the Judiciary Act. Netherlands Council for the Judiciary/Conseil de la magistrature des Pays-Bas. 2 …” „… Judicial Reform in the Netherlands: Perception and Reception in the Judiciary Leny E. de Groot-van …” „… establishment of the Council for the Judiciary. The composition and competences of the council are discussed …”

Voet Stefaan, Storme Marcel Institutional Judicial Reform Experiences in Belgium: New Bodies Governing the Judiciary S. 147-172

„… Institutional Judicial Reform Experiences in Belgium: New Bodies Governing the Judiciary Stefaan …” „… Justice) designed to protect the independence of the judiciary and the good administration of justice.2 3 …” „… judiciary; and making recommendations to improve this functioning. The council will consist of magistrates …”

Menétrey Séverine The Good Administration of Justice S. 119-132

„… Conseil National de la Justice in Luxembourg is designed to protect the independence of the Judiciary as …” „… (ministries, councils for the judiciary etc.). But there has to be a compromise between this first approach …” „… administration of justice? While some argue that Councils for the Judiciary are not necessary, I will assume that …”

Caponi Remo Judicial Independence in Italy – The Role of the Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura S. 133-146

„… influences all aspects of the governance of the judiciary in Italy and has promoted an impressive expansion …” „… disciplinary proceedings, the Minister of Justice has no decisional powers in governing the judiciary. The CSM …” „… is in charge of the governance of the judiciary and entrusted with the task of protecting judicial …”

Hess Burkhard, Dimitropoulos Georgios Judicial Reforms in Luxembourg and Europe: International and Comparative Perspectives S. 9-40

„… indirectly towards the general public. The primary proposed accountability mechanisms are judiciary-internal …” „… organisation of the judiciary by establishing a “Conseil national de la Justice” (CNJ) and a “Cour suprême”.1 …” „… Judiciary, in this volume; L. de Groot-van Leeuwen, Judicial Reform in the Netherlands: Perception and …”

Index S. 181-182

„… – Appointment of magistrates 152-153, 159 – Commission for the Modernisation of the Judiciary 159, 163-164 …” „… – Constitutional Court 36 – General Council of the Partners of the Judiciary 163, 165 – Judicial discipline 114 …” „… Institute 158-161 Constitutional review 26, 57-59, 64 Council of the Judiciary – Belgium 148-158 – Denmark …”

Seibert-Fohr Anja Judicial Independence and Judicial Accountability S. 105-118

„… and the Judiciary: The Accountability Function of Courts in New Democracies (2004); R. Kiener …” „… Accountability of the Judiciary – Two Sides of a Coin: Some Observations on the Rule of Law in Central Europe, in …” „… , and the Judiciary (2006); M. Cappelletti, Who Watches the Watchmen?: A Comparative Study on Judicial …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… judiciary, to compare the infrastructures of judicial systems. In addition, this topic has constitutional …” „… Judiciary 147 Stefaan Voet, Marcel Storme Judicial Reform in the Netherlands: Perception and Reception in …” „… the Judiciary 173 Leny E. de Groot-van Leeuwen Index 181 Contents 8 …”

Turenne Sophie Judicial Reform in Luxembourg: Avenues and Opportunities S. 53-66

„… executive and the judiciary. Our inquiry aims to reveal some of the assumptions behind some of the key …” „… of separation between the legislature and judiciary. Many civil law systems in Europe adopted this …” „… areas of competences assumed by con- D. 13 G. Schyff, Structuring the Judiciary to Conduct …”

Heuschling Luc Avis sur l’Avant-projet de loi portant organisation du Conseil national de la justice S. 67-104

„… Councils for the Judiciary (ENCJ) vont dans ce sens. 12 …” „… http://www.americanbar.org/groups/committees/federal_judiciary/ratings.html (last accessed on 12 March 2014). Avis sur l’Avant-projet de loi portant organisation du Conseil …” „… rapport Councils for the Judiciary Report 2010-2011, le Réseau européen des Conseils de la Justice (RECJ …”

Rozakis Christos L. The Compatibility of the Luxembourgish Draft Law on Judicial Reform with the European Convention on Human Rights S. 43-52

„… misinterpreted as subsuming the judiciary to the executive power, with all the effects that this interpretation …”

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Transition 2.0

Michal Bobek (ed.), Adam Bodnar (ed.), Armin von Bogdandy (ed.), Pál Sonnevend (ed.)

Series: Beiträge zum ausländischen öffentlichen Recht und Völkerrecht

Volume 320 2023

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Poland After Elections in 2023: Transition 2.0 in the Judiciary S. 299-322

„… III.Reestablishing the JudiciaryPoland After Elections in 2023: Transition 2.0 in the JudiciaryAdam …” „… , without the necessity of changing the Constitution.National Council of JudiciaryThe major constitutional …” „… proceedings.Administration of judiciaryTransition 2.0 also requires implementation of changes concerning organization and …”

Authoritarianism, Judicial Independence and Democratic Transition S. 91-112

„… prevent corruption and human rights’ abuses than to rely on independent judiciary.A Growing Threat of …” „… members of the judiciary.One of the recommended measures is adopting a code of conduct for members of the …” „… context of corrupted judiciaryThis problem—or challenge—has to do, obviously, not only with the situation …”

Centralized Judicial Review and the Problem of its ‘Over-Centralization’ S. 277-296

„… judiciary; democratic backsliding; rise of authoritarian democracies; centralized judicial review …” „… 1990s saw a shift towards judicialization and the creation of a conflict society. The judiciary had its …” „… potential of some constitutional courts in Zdenek Kühn, The Judiciary in Central and Eastern Europe …”

The Constitutional Trap S. 227-248

„… Internet portals from a foreign investor operating in Poland.Deformation of judiciaryAnother element in the …” „… cannot be recognized as courts under European law.Scope of deformation of judiciaryAnd there is another …” „… 2372. Freedom of media 2393. Deformation of judiciary 2394. Scope of deformation of judiciary 240 …”

Defective Judicial Appointments and their Rectification under European Standards S. 425-470

„… confidence in the judiciary.Indeed, it is the criterion of the gravity of a breach of law in the judicial …” „… unconstitutional nature of the National Council of the Judiciary (NCJ). The changes in the NCJ in 2018 were part …” „… argument of exclusive State competence in the organisation of the judiciary: see Commission v. Poland …”

Court-Unpacking: A Preliminary Inquiry S. 323-360

„… Israeli judiciary6 and Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Government stepped up its pressure on the Indian …” „… Supreme Court.7I.2 Ergun Özbudun, ‘Turkey’s Judiciary and the Drift Toward Competitive Authoritarianism …” „… either lack “just cause” for such sweeping interference with the judiciary or suffer from grave …”

EU Values as Constraints and Facilitators in Democratic Transitions S. 113-142

„… includes the entire Member State judiciary.Many celebrated this decision as a constitutional moment …” „… develop our argument.The Polish case: Restoring an independent judiciaryAny new Polish government will …” „… Democratic Transitions 1231. The Polish case: Restoring an independent judiciary 1232. The Hungarian case …”

Asymmetric Rupture: Stabilizing Democratic Transitions 2.0 with Transnational Law S. 249-276

„… government that has disabled its Constitutional Tribunal, compromised its independent judiciary and now …” „… Poland, these judgments primarily concern the structure and independence of the judiciary.32 For …” „… of the judiciary (in the case of both Hungary and Poland)43 and specific changes to domestic law and …”

What Role for Courts in Transforming a Society? A Central European Cautionary Tale S. 361-382

„… Kühn, The Judiciary in Central and Eastern Europe: Mechanical Jurisprudence in Transformation? (Leiden …” „… ‘Juger sous Vichy’, Le genre human, No 28, November 1994. With regard to the administrative judiciary …” „… ‘collective memory’ of the judiciary, nonetheless advises them to be very careful with openly projecting value …”

The Role of the Court of Justice of the EU in Transition 2.0 S. 471-494

„… of the judiciary in other Member States, namely Poland. Barely a month after ASJP was rendered, the …” „… , that democratic recovery, at the very least, to the extent that it affects the judiciary, falls within …” „… Judges came to the Rescue of the Polish Judiciary’, European Constitutional Law Review (14) 2018, 622–643 …”

Approaching Transition 2.0 in a Realist, Structural, Principled and Inclusive Constitutional Manner S. 13-32

„… have opposed this illegal tempering with the independence of the judiciary have been subject to …” „… independence of the judiciary in the longer run.10Similar measures have been adopted in relation to other …” „… Kriszta Kovács and Kim Lane Scheppele, The fragility of an independent judiciary: Lessons from Hungary and …”

How to Make Article 10 TEU Operational? The Right to Influence the Exercise of State Power and Cardinal Laws in Hungary S. 563-584

„… could not justify touching upon the independence of the judiciary, a principle central to the operation …” „… respecting the independence of the judiciary, there is no independence any more.The issue with the …” „… committees; the President; autonomous regulatory bodies; the Constitutional Court; the judiciary …”

The Liberation of Illiberal Democracy: On Limits of Democratization after the Authoritarian Backlash S. 33-58

„… enough because it can paradoxically lead to the judiciary’s corruption and pursuit of corporate …” „… State based on the protection of human rights protected by an independent judiciary.Transformative …” „… cultivation of the judiciary expert knowledge — doxa, therefore remains as important as during post-communist …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… ‘Over-Centralization’ 277Reestablishing the JudiciaryIII. 297Adam BodnarPoland After Elections in 2023: Transition 2.0 …” „… in the Judiciary 299David Kosař and Katarína ŠipulováCourt-Unpacking: A Preliminary Inquiry 323Michal …”

Reversing a Member State’s Regression and Restoring (its) Union Membership S. 497-534

„… Constitution, as well as measures to realign the operation of the Polish judiciary with the rule of law …” „… rules which would undermine the independence of the judiciary [as essential element of the rule of law …” „… until they restored the independence of their judiciary, in line with the requirements of the Charter of …”

EU Law and Judicial Decisions of National Judges Appointed in Breach of European Standards S. 383-424

„… Polish judiciary’, European Constitutional Law Review 14 (2018), 622–643; Luke Dimitrios Spieker …” „… judiciary.20 The process of appointing judges has been changed so that the political II.1.20 The Court of …” „… attacked and “packed”.22 Then the composition of the National Council of the Judiciary (“NCJ”), which …”

The Venice Commission and Constitutional Dilemmas S. 585-0

„… the Judiciary in Poland, would become ineffective.’; Venice Commission CDL-AD(2021)027, para. 91: ‘As …” „… where the Court held that it was an ‘inescapable conclusion’ that the National Council of the Judiciary …”

Transition 2.0 and Rule of Law-Mainstreaming in the European Union S. 535-562

„… or of the independence of the judiciary etc.33 Also, the Court has used the value of the rule of law …” „… Union rule of law cannot be reduced to the situation of the judiciary but includes formal elements and …”

Reversing Authoritarianism in the EU: Transformative Politics and the Role of Opposition S. 59-90

„… began -to varying degrees- to purge key institutions, such as the judiciary, electoral authorities …”

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Exporting the Acquis Communautaire through European Union External Agreements

Roman Petrov

Series: Heidelberger Schriften zum Wirtschaftsrecht und Europarecht

Volume 64 2011

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Adoption of the acquis communautaire by the Ukrainian judiciary S. 241-247

„… judiciary have achieved some de*gree of success.183 The recent Ukrainian court system provides better …” „… , establishing administrative courts). The Ukrainian law en*forcement institutions and judiciary have embarked …” „… have not helped to change the reputation of the Ukrainian judiciary as one of the most corrupted …”

The European Neighbourhood Policy and its impact on the adoption of the acquis communautaire by the judiciary in Ukraine S. 238-241

„… 238 3.5. Adoption of the acquis communautaire by judiciary in Ukraine. Case study This case study …” „… judiciary in Ukraine The ENP was devised as a framework policy to export democracy, stability and security …” „… judiciary as a prerequisite of the correct and efficient application of the rule of law.174 Judiciary …”

Concluding remarks S. 247-249

„… traditions of the Soviet past. The example of Ukraine shows that national judiciary recognises the …” „… legal force the Ukrainian judiciary displayed sometimes aston*ishing favourability in using this …” „… different policy objectives in its relations with Ukraine, in order to reform its judiciary. The impact of …”

Introduction S. 187-188

„… policies cause positive results in adoption of the acquis communautaire by judiciary in Ukraine. This …”

Europe Agreements (EAs) S. 115-125

„… national judi!ciary.150 For instance, the Polish Constitutional Tribunal stated the following: “Of course …” „… 321!359 (2000). Also see A. Ta!tham, “Constitutional Judiciary in Central Europe and the Europe Agreement …”

Concluding remarks S. 236-238

„… ). 238 3.5. Adoption of the acquis communautaire by judiciary in Ukraine. Case study This case study …”

European Economic Area Agreement (EEA) S. 93-105

„… and judiciary to revise their traditional methods of application of international law within their …” „… ” interpretation of the relevant EU acquis by the EFTA Member States’ legislature and judiciary.53 Overall, the …”

The “accession acquis” S. 73-86

„… reform of the judiciary and the development of anti corruption measures.217 Eventually, the adoption of …” „… ) judiciary and fundamental rights; 21) justice free dom and security; 22) science and research; 23) education …”

Introduction S. 21-25

„… study on the adoption of the acquis communautaire by judiciary in Ukraine. The objective of this case …”

The impact of common institutions set up under EU external agreements on the export of the acquis into the legal orders of third countries S. 230-236

„… the Ukrainian legislature and judiciary to ap*ply and implement selected elements of the acquis …”

Bibliography S. 255-262

„… ) Tatham, A., “Constitutional Judiciary in Central Europe and the Europe Agreement: Decision 30/1998 (VI.25 …”

Partnership and Cooperation Agreements (PCAs) S. 151-162

„… democracy and the rule of law, the reform of the judiciary and the fight against corruption and organised …”

The nature and scope of the “fundamental acquis” S. 42-65

„… full effect to human rights and fundamental freedoms; b) an independent judiciary; c) effective and …”

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