Digital & Diaspora
Intertwined Frontiers of Contemporary Jainism
Zusammenfassung
Auf der Grundlage von umfangreicher ethnografischer Feldforschung in Großbritannien, den USA und Belgien sowie der Analyse einer Vielzahl digitaler Quellen stellt dieser Band das Digitale und die Diaspora als getrennte, aber miteinander verflochtene Grenzräume dar, in denen religiöser Wandel zu erwarten ist. Der Band berührt eine Vielzahl von Aspekten der sozioreligiösen Erfahrung und Praxis der Jains und schafft es, die Vielfalt jainistischer Erfahrungen und Praktiken in der Diaspora zu beleuchten. Er unterstreicht die verschiedenen Rollen, die digitale Medien bei der individuellen Religiosität und Identitätsbildung, beim Aufbau von Gemeinschaften und bei der Verbreitung traditioneller wie auch innovativer Ideen spielen können.
Schlagworte
- 1–16 Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis 1–16
- 17–24 Introduction: Frontiers as Spaces for Creative Adaptation 17–24
- The digital frontier
- Diasporic borderlands
- Intertwined frontiers
- Overview of the book
- 25–78 Part I: Explorations of Digital Jainism 25–78
- Chapter 1 Let Me Google that
- Classifying digital media by use
- Gathering information
- Doctrine
- Practical information
- Social interaction
- Religious activities
- Online resources for use in offline religious praxis
- Live darśan
- Online pūjā or ārtī
- Classifying digital media by content
- Developing an ‘organic’ search-strategy
- Chapter 2 Exploring the World of Jain Websites
- Building a corpus
- Structural analysis
- The corpus at a glance
- Language
- Location
- North American digital bias?
- Link popularity
- Content analysis
- Organizations
- Academic
- Personal pages
- Portals
- Social groups
- Activist & humanitarian
- Vegetarian & vegan
- Media
- Tools and services
- Files and social media
- Subcorpora
- Subcorpus: websites presenting Jain content
- Subcorpus: diasporic websites
- Subcorpus: the periphery
- A shift towards social media
- Chapter 3 Jainism for Mobile Phones
- Finding Jain apps
- Exploring the world of Jain mobile apps
- Location and language
- (Un)helpful categories
- Apps about Jainism
- Apps facilitating Jain religious practice
- Themes in app development motivation
- Education
- Modernity
- Beyond the corpus
- 79–154 Part II: Diasporic Borderlands 79–154
- Chapter 4 Moving the Jina – Jain Communities Outside India
- Fieldwork design and method
- Diaspora as an arena for change in Jainism
- Implications of international migration
- Jain mendicants and lay-people: different mobilities
- The epistemologies of migration
- Scholars, pandits, and teachers
- Digital technologies to reach out to ‘authorities’ in India
- Jain textbooks and websites
- Challenges of climate and context
- Reorganization in a new location
- Patterns of community building
- Unity and internal diversity
- Community size and density
- Interactions with local majority culture
- Local legislation and custom
- Interaction with non-Jain peers
- Building bridges and co-producing culture
- The next generation
- Chapter 5 Diaspora Jainism in Different Contexts
- Jains in the UK – London
- History and development of the UK Jain community
- The East African connection
- Recent developments
- UK Jain institutions
- Oshwal Association UK [OAUK]
- Navnat Vanik Association
- Mahavir Foundation and Derāsar, Kenton
- JainNetwork and Jain Centre, Colindale
- Jain Vishva Bharati London
- Young Jains UK (YJUK)
- SDJA
- Śrīmad Rājcandra: Shrimad Rajchandra Mission Dharampur
- Śrīmad Rājcandra: Shree Raj Saubhag Satsang Mandal UK
- Bhakti Mandal
- Institute of Jainology
- SCVP School / Veerayatan
- General trends in the UK Jain community
- Unity and diversity in Jain London
- Demographic challenges
- Language policy
- UK Jains Online
- Websites and social media
- Digital presence and information
- Jains in North America
- History and development of the North American Jain community
- Early development and key figures
- JAINA and the present day American Jains
- North American Jain institutions
- JAINA
- Local organizations within JAINA
- Other Jain organizations in North America
- Digambar Organizations in North America
- Jain Vishva Bharati in North America
- Śrīmad Rājcandra traditions in North America
- Field sites visited during this research
- Michigan: Ann Arbor and Detroit
- Ohio: Columbus
- Georgia: Atlanta
- Florida: Miami
- American Jains online
- General overview and portals
- Jain organizations online
- Jains in Belgium - Antwerp
- History and development of the Belgian Jain community
- The Antwerp diamond trade
- Religious organization
- Contact with other communities
- Belgian Jain institutions
- JCCA and the Shankheswar Parsvanath Jain temple
- Śrīmad Rājcandra Mission Dharampur in Antwerp
- Belgian Jains online
- Comparison of field sites
- 155–200 Part III: Digital Media Use in the Jain Diaspora 155–200
- Chapter 6 Finding Info, Seeking Guidance
- Introduction: the one source of information?
- Types of information
- Practical
- Doctrine
- Access to other sources
- Access to mendicants’ teachings
- Digital media in the process of doctrinal knowledge transfer
- Methods of searching for information online
- Objections to digital media as a source of information
- Bias and error in content
- Questions on authorship and authority
- Problems with the Jain internet user
- Chapter 7 Building Jain Communities
- Introduction: seeking connection
- When does communication become community?
- Defining community
- Community meets religion and migration
- Digital connections in the social lives of diaspora Jains
- Sustaining (or resuscitating) the old
- Enabling the new
- Creating the virtual
- Emphasising the global
- Online activity and communitas
- The usual suspects for digital community-building
- Social media and CMC
- Engaging with community narratives online
- Beyond the usual suspects
- Objections to digital socialization and digital communities
- Conclusion: digital diaspora communities and communitas
- Chapter 8 Practicing Jainism Online
- Digitally mediated religious praxis and ritual
- Elements of Jain ritual praxis
- Helpful hints from ritual studies
- A typology of digitally mediated Jain ritual praxis
- Online resources for use in offline religious praxis
- Devotional music and audio
- Devotional images and videos
- Ritual texts
- Online resources for use in online religious praxis
- Online pūjā and ārtī
- Live darśan
- Reception of online ritual in Jainism
- Ritual uses of digitally mediated ritual in Jainism
- Alternate uses of digitally mediated ritual in Jainism
- Education
- Contemplative practice
- Social connection
- Objections to digital religious praxis
- Lack of context
- Bhāv and the internet
- 201–214 Conclusion: Frontiers and the Future 201–214
- A double context shift
- Digital Jainism in the hands of the diaspora?
- Digital media to mitigate some of the diasporic losses
- Structuring factors of digital media use
- Affordances and mediaswitching
- Ethical considerations: dilution vs. diffusion
- Diasporic differences
- Looking forward
- Socio-religious developments and digital media use in other diasporic locations
- The changing perceptions of mendicants and media
- The popularity of reform movements in the Jain diaspora
- Rapid development and COVID 19
- Looking back
- 215–232 Bibliography 215–232
- Websites referred to
- Mobile applications referred to
- 233–240 Glossary 233–240
