Commercial Law

doi:10.5771/9783845276564

Commercial Law

Article-by-Article Commentary

Reihe: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

1. Auflage 2018

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doi.org/10.5771/9783845276564
ISBN print: 978-3-8487-3315-6
ISBN online: 978-3-8452-7656-4
Nomos, Baden-Baden Nomos, Baden-Baden

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Zusammenfassung

Handel und Wandel

sind seit jeher international und grenzüberschreitend. Sie erheben sich über nationale Grenzen und brauchen daher internationale Rechtsrahmen. Viele Akteure bemühen sich darum, solche Rechtsrahmen zu schaffen. Einige Regelwerke davon sind wirklich bedeutsam geworden und prägen den Welthandel seit Jahrzehnten.

Kauf und Transport

sind die wichtigsten Zweige des Welthandels, für die es akzeptierte internationale Regelwerke gibt. Dienstleistungen, Finanzierung und Kreditsicherheiten befinden sich auf einem guten Weg dorthin. Soft law und Handelsklauseln ergänzen völkerrechtliche Verträge. Internationale Regelwerke verlangen nach einer internationalen Sicht und einer internationalen Handhabung. Auch sie müssen nationale Grenzen hinter sich lassen. Ihr Zusammenspiel ist geprägt durch die wirtschaftlichen Zusammenhänge.

Der neue Kommentar

analysiert Artikel für Artikel

UN-Kaufrecht samt VerjährungsÜbk. (CISG)

UNIDROIT-Prinzipien

Incoterms ©

CMR

CIV / CIM

Montrealer Übereinkommen

Budapester Übereinkommen (CMNI)

HandelsvertreterRL

VerzugsRL

Cape Town Convention

UCP/ERA 600)

Besonders charakteristisch

ist das Zusammenspiel von Praxis und internationaler Perspektive. Der Blick gilt besonders Dynamik und Fortentwicklung.

Der Kommentar vereint

vieles, was sonst getrennt gesehen wird und doch Teil einer wirtschaftlichen Gesamttransaktion ist. Das ist ein neuer Anspruch. Mit einem Griff hat man alles, was man braucht.

(Fast) Alles in einer Hand!

Schlagworte

Europarecht Internationales Wirtschaftsrecht Corporate Law

Kapitel Ausklappen | EinklappenAutorenSeiten
I–XLVI Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis I–XLVI
1–8 Introduction Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 1–8
9–417 I. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON CONTRACTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS 9–417
418–461 II. CONVENTION ON THE LIMITATION PERIOD IN THE INTERNATIONAL SALE OF GOODS (LIMITATION PERIOD CONVENTION – LPC) 418–461
- 418–422 Introduction 418–422
  - 418–421 Introduction Introduction LPC 418–421
  - 422–422 PREAMBLE 422–422
- 422–453 Part I Substantive provisions 422–453
  - 422–433 SPHERE OF APPLICATION 422–433
    - 422–424 Article 1 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 422–424
    - 425–426 Article 2 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 425–426
    - 427–428 Article 3 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 427–428
      - I. Scope of application
      - II. Exclusion by party agreement
    - 429–430 Article 4 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 429–430
    - 431–432 Article 5 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 431–432
    - 433–433 Article 6 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 433–433
    - 433–433 Article 7 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 433–433
  - 434–438 THE DURATION AND COMMENCEMENT OF THE LIMITATION PERIOD DURATION AND COMMENCEMENT 434–438
    - 434–434 Article 8 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 434–434
    - 435–435 Article 9 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 435–435
    - 435–436 Article 10 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 435–436
    - 437–437 Article 11 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 437–437
    - 437–438 Article 12 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 437–438
  - 439–446 CESSATION AND EXTENSION OF THE LIMITATION PERIOD 439–446
    - 439–439 Article 13 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 439–439
    - 440–440 Article 14 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 440–440
    - 441–441 Article 15 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 441–441
    - 442–442 Article 16 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 442–442
    - 442–442 Article 17 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 442–442
    - 443–443 Article 18 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 443–443
    - 444–444 Article 19 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 444–444
    - 445–445 Article 20 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 445–445
    - 446–446 Article 21 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 446–446
  - 447–447 MODIFICATION OF THE LIMITATION PERIOD BY THE PARTIES 447–447
    - Article 22 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski
  - 448–448 GENERAL LIMIT OF THE LIMITATION PERIOD 448–448
    - Article 23 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski
  - 448–451 CONSEQUENCES OF THE EXPIRATION OF THE LIMITATION PERIOD CONSEQUENCES OF THE EXPIRATION 448–451
    - 448–448 Article 24 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 448–448
    - 449–449 Article 25 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 449–449
    - 450–450 Article 26 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 450–450
    - 451–451 Article 27 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 451–451
  - 451–452 CALCULATION OF THE PERIOD 451–452
    - 451–451 Article 28 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 451–451
    - 452–452 Article 29 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 452–452
  - 453–453 INTERNATIONAL EFFECT 453–453
    - Article 30 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski
- 454–455 Part II Implementation 454–455
  - 454–454 Article 31 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 454–454
  - 455–455 Article 32 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 455–455
  - 455–455 Article 33 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 455–455
- 455–458 Part III Declarations and reservations 455–458
  - 455–455 Article 34 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 455–455
  - 456–456 Article 35 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 456–456
  - 456–456 Article 36 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 456–456
  - 456–456 Article 36bis (Article XII of the Protocol) Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 456–456
  - 457–457 Article 37 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 457–457
  - 457–457 Article 38 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 457–457
  - 458–458 Article 39 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 458–458
  - 458–458 Article 40 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 458–458
- 459–461 Part IV Final clauses 459–461
  - 459–459 Article 41 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 459–459
  - 459–459 Article 42 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 459–459
  - 459–459 Article 43 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 459–459
  - 459–459 Article 43bis (Article X of the Protocol) Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 459–459
  - 460–460 Article 43ter (Article VIII (2) of the Protocol) Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 460–460
  - 460–460 Article 44 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 460–460
  - 460–460 Article 44bis (Article XI of the Protocol) Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 460–460
  - 461–461 Article 45 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 461–461
  - 461–461 Article 45bis (Article XIII (3) of the Protocol) Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 461–461
  - 461–461 Article 46 Peter Mankowski Peter Mankowski 461–461
462–827 III. UNIDROIT PRINCIPLES 462–827
828–897 IV. INCOTERMS® 2010 Christoph Oertel Christoph Oertel 828–897
- A. Introduction
- B. The individual Incoterms® rules
  - E-Terms
    - EXW
  - F-Terms
    - FCA
    - FAS
    - FOB
  - C-Terms
    - CPT
    - CFR
    - CIP
    - CIF
  - D-Terms
    - DAT
    - DAP
    - DDP
898–989 V. CONVENTION ON THE CONTRACT FOR THE INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY ROAD (CMR) 898–989
- 898–900 Introduction Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 898–900
- 901–909 Chapter I Scope of application 901–909
  - 901–905 Article 1 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 901–905
    - I. Background
    - II. Contracts covered by the CMR
      - 1. Factual scope of CMR
        a) Contract of carriage
        b) Contracts for reward
        c) Transport by road in vehicles
        d) Carriage of goods / Excluded goods
        aa) Excluded goods – transports performed under an International Postal Convention
        bb) Human remains
        cc) Furniture removal
      - 2. Territorial scope
        a) International contracts
        b) Place of taking over of the goods or place designated for delivery in a contracting country
        c) Special agreements of contracting parties
  - 906–909 Article 2 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 906–909
- 910–910 Chapter II Persons for whom the carrier is responsible 910–910
  - Article 3 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich
- 911–937 Chapter III Conclusion and performance of the contract of carriage 911–937
  - 911–911 Article 4 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 911–911
    - I. Background
    - II. Purpose of the Consignment Note
  - 912–913 Article 5 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 912–913
  - 914–915 Article 6 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 914–915
    - I. Background
    - II. Content of the consignment note
  - 916–917 Article 7 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 916–917
  - 918–920 Article 8 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 918–920
  - 921–921 Article 9 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 921–921
    - I. Background
    - II. Prima-facie evidence
  - 922–923 Article 10 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 922–923
  - 924–925 Article 11 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 924–925
    - I. Background
    - II. Liability of the carrier
  - 926–928 Article 12 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 926–928
  - 929–930 Article 13 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 929–930
  - 931–932 Article 14 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 931–932
  - 933–934 Article 15 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 933–934
  - 935–937 Article 16 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 935–937
- 938–962 Chapter IV Liability of the carrier 938–962
  - 938–942 Article 17 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 938–942
  - 943–944 Article 18 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 943–944
    - I. Background
    - II. Presumption of liability and counter-proof
  - 945–945 Article 19 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 945–945
    - I. Background
    - II. Delay in delivery
  - 946–946 Article 20 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 946–946
    - I. Background
    - II. Presumption of loss
  - 947–948 Article 21 Peter Csoklich Peter Csoklich 947–948
    - I. Background
    - II. Cash on Delivery – COD
  - 949–950 Article 22 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 949–950
    - 1. Duty to inform
    - 2. Consequences of failure to inform
  - 951–954 Article 23 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 951–954
  - 955–955 Article 24 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 955–955
  - 955–956 Article 25 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 955–956
  - 957–957 Article 26 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 957–957
  - 958–959 Article 27 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 958–959
    - I. Overview
    - II. Art. 27 para. 1 CMR
  - 960–960 Article 28 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 960–960
  - 961–962 Article 29 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 961–962
- 963–974 Chapter V Claim and actions 963–974
- 975–984 Chapter VI Provisions relating to carriage performed by successive carriers 975–984
  - 975–977 Article 34 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 975–977
    - I. Introduction to Chapter VI
    - II. Prerequisites of successive carriage
  - 978–978 Article 35 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 978–978
  - 979–979 Article 36 979–979
  - 979–980 Article 37 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 979–980
  - 981–981 Article 38 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 981–981
  - 981–983 Article 39 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 981–983
  - 984–984 Article 40 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 984–984
- 984–986 Chapter VII Nullity of stipulation to the Convention 984–986
  - Article 41 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt
- 987–989 Chapter VIII Final provisions 987–989
  - 987–987 Article 42 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 987–987
  - 988–988 Article 43 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 988–988
  - 988–988 Article 44 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 988–988
  - 988–988 Article 45 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 988–988
  - 988–988 Article 46 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 988–988
  - 988–988 Article 47 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 988–988
  - 988–988 Article 48 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 988–988
  - 989–989 Article 49 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 989–989
  - 989–989 Article 50 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 989–989
  - 989–989 Article 51 Tobias Eckardt Tobias Eckardt 989–989
990–1075 VI. BUDAPEST CONVENTION ON THE CONTRACT FOR THE CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY INLAND WATERWAY (CMNI) 990–1075
1076–1127 VII. COTIF UNIFORM RULES CONCERNING THE CONTRACT OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF PASSENGERS (CIV UR) AND GOODS (CIM UR) 1076–1127
- 1076–1083 Introduction Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1076–1083
- 1084–1127 COTIF APPENDIX A REGARDING THE UNIFORM RULES CONCERNING THE CONTRACT OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF PASSENGERS BY RAIL (COTIF/CIV) 1084–1127
  - 1084–1089 Title I General Provisions 1084–1089
    - 1084–1086 Article 1 Scope Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1084–1086
      - § 1
      - § 2
      - § 3
      - § 4
      - § 5
      - § 6
      - § 7
    - 1087–1087 Article 2 Declaration concerning liability in case of death of, or personal injury to, passengers Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1087–1087
      - § 1
      - § 2
    - 1088–1088 Article 3 Definitions Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1088–1088
    - 1088–1088 Article 4 Derogations Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1088–1088
      - § 1
      - § 2
      - § 3
      - § 4
    - 1089–1089 Article 5 Mandatory law Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1089–1089
  - 1090–1095 Title II Conclusion and Performance of the Contract of Carriage 1090–1095
    - 1090–1090 Article 6 Contract of carriage Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1090–1090
    - 1091–1092 Article 7 Ticket Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1091–1092
      - § 1
      - § 2
      - § 3
      - § 4
      - § 5
    - 1093–1093 Article 8 Payment and refund of the carriage charge Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1093–1093
      - § 1
      - § 2
    - 1094–1094 Article 9 Right to be carried. Exclusion from carriage Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1094–1094
      - § 1
      - § 2
    - 1095–1095 Article 10 Completion of administrative formalities Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1095–1095
    - 1095–1095 Article 11 Cancellation and late running of trains. Missed connections Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1095–1095
  - 1096–1104 Title III Carriage of Hand Luggage, Animals, Registered Luggage and Vehicles Carriage (Luggage/Animals/Vehicles) 1096–1104
    - 1096–1097 Chapter I Common Provisions 1096–1097
      - 1096–1096 Article 12 Acceptable articles and animals Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1096–1096
        § 1
        § 2
        § 3
        § 4
      - 1097–1097 Article 13 Examination Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1097–1097
        § 1
        § 2
      - 1097–1097 Article 14 Completion of administrative formalities Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1097–1097
    - 1098–1098 Chapter II Hand Luggage and Animals 1098–1098
      - Article 15 Supervision Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova
    - 1098–1102 Chapter III Registered Luggage 1098–1102
      - 1098–1098 Article 16 Consignment of registered luggage Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1098–1098
        § 1
        § 2
        § 3
        § 4
      - 1099–1099 Article 17 Luggage registration voucher Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1099–1099
        § 1
        § 2
        § 3
      - 1100–1100 Article 18 Registration and carriage Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1100–1100
        § 1
        § 2
        § 3
      - 1100–1100 Article 19 Payment of charges for the carriage of registered luggage Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1100–1100
      - 1101–1101 Article 20 Marking of registered luggage Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1101–1101
      - 1101–1101 Article 21 Right to dispose of registered luggage Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1101–1101
        § 1
        § 2
      - 1101–1102 Article 22 Delivery Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1101–1102
        § 1
        § 2
        § 3
        § 4
        § 5
        § 6
        § 7
        § 8
    - 1103–1104 Chapter IV Vehicles 1103–1104
      - 1103–1103 Article 23 Conditions of carriage Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1103–1103
      - 1103–1103 Article 24 Carriage voucher Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1103–1103
        § 1
        § 2
        § 3
        § 4
      - 1104–1104 Article 25 Applicable law Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1104–1104
  - 1104–1119 Title IV Liability of the Carrier 1104–1119
    - 1104–1107 Chapter I Liability in case of Death of, or Personal Injury to, Passengers Liability in case of Death or Injury 1104–1107
      - 1104–1105 Article 26 Basis of liability Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1104–1105
        § 1
        § 2
        § 3
        § 4
        § 5
      - 1106–1106 Article 27 Damages in case of death Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1106–1106
        § 1
        § 2
      - 1106–1106 Article 28 Damages in case of personal injury Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1106–1106
      - 1107–1107 Article 29 Compensation for other bodily harm Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1107–1107
      - 1107–1107 Article 30 Form and amount of damages in case of death and personal injury Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1107–1107
        § 1
        § 2
      - 1107–1107 Article 31 Other modes of transport Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1107–1107
        § 1
        § 2
        § 3
    - 1108–1109 Chapter II Liability in case of Failure to Keep to the Timetable 1108–1109
      - Article 32 Liability in case of cancellation, late running of trains or missed connections Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova
        § 1
        § 2
        § 3
    - 1110–1116 Chapter III Liability in respect of Hand Luggage, Animals, Registered Luggage and Vehicles Liability (Hand Luggage, Animals, Registered Luggage, Vehicles) 1110–1116
    - 1117–1119 Chapter IV Common Provisions 1117–1119
      - 1117–1117 Article 48 Loss of right to invoke the limits of liability Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1117–1117
      - 1117–1117 Article 49 Conversion and interest Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1117–1117
        § 1
        § 2
        § 3
        § 4
        § 5
      - 1118–1118 Article 50 Liability in case of nuclear incidents Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1118–1118
      - 1118–1118 Article 51 Persons for whom the carrier is liable Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1118–1118
      - 1119–1119 Article 52 Other actions Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1119–1119
        § 1
        § 2
  - 1119–1119 Title V Liability of the Passenger 1119–1119
    - Article 53 Special principles of liability Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova
  - 1120–1124 Title VI Assertion of Rights 1120–1124
    - 1120–1120 Article 54 Ascertainment of partial loss or damage Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1120–1120
    - 1120–1120 Article 55 Claims Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1120–1120
    - 1121–1121 Article 56 Carriers against whom an action may be brought Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1121–1121
      - § 1
      - § 2
      - § 3
      - § 4
      - § 5
      - § 6
      - § 7
    - 1122–1122 Article 57 Forum Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1122–1122
      - § 1
      - § 2
    - 1123–1123 Article 58 Extinction of right of action in case of death or personal injury Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1123–1123
      - § 1
      - § 2
    - 1124–1124 Article 59 Extinction of right of action arising from carriage of luggage Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1124–1124
      - § 1
      - § 2
    - 1124–1124 Article 60 Limitation of actions Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1124–1124
      - § 1
      - § 2
      - § 3
      - § 4
      - § 5
      - § 6
  - 1125–1127 Title VII Relations between Carriers 1125–1127
    - 1125–1125 Article 61 Apportionment of the carriage charge Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1125–1125
      - § 1
      - § 2
    - 1126–1126 Article 62 Right of recourse Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1126–1126
      - § 1
      - § 2
    - 1126–1126 Article 63 Procedure for recourse Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1126–1126
      - § 1
      - § 2
      - § 3
      - § 4
      - § 5
      - § 6
    - 1127–1127 Article 64 Agreements concerning recourse Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tetyana Payosova 1127–1127
1128–1178 VIII. COTIF APPENDIX B REGARDING THE UNIFORM RULES CONCERNING THE CONTRACT OF INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY RAIL (COTIF/CIM) 1128–1178
- 1128–1134 Title I General Provisions 1128–1134
  - 1128–1131 Article 1 Scope Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1128–1131
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
    - § 6
    - § 7
  - 1132–1132 Article 2 Prescriptions of public law Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1132–1132
  - 1132–1132 Article 3 Definitions Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1132–1132
  - 1133–1133 Article 4 Derogations Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1133–1133
  - 1134–1134 Article 5 Mandatory law Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1134–1134
- 1134–1154 Title II Conclusion and Performance of the Contract of Carriage 1134–1154
  - 1134–1138 Article 6 Contract of carriage Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1134–1138
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
    - § 6
    - § 7
    - § 8
    - § 9
  - 1139–1139 Article 7 Wording of the consignment note Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1139–1139
  - 1140–1140 Article 8 Responsibility for particulars entered on the consignment note Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1140–1140
  - 1141–1141 Article 9 Dangerous goods Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1141–1141
  - 1141–1141 Article 10 Payment of costs Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1141–1141
    - § 1
    - § 2
  - 1142–1142 Article 11 Examination Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1142–1142
  - 1143–1144 Article 12 Evidential value of the consignment note Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1143–1144
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
  - 1145–1145 Article 13 Loading and unloading of the goods Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1145–1145
    - § 1
    - § 2
  - 1145–1145 Article 14 Packing Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1145–1145
  - 1146–1146 Article 15 Completion of administrative formalities Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1146–1146
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
    - § 6
    - § 7
    - § 8
  - 1147–1147 Article 16 Transit periods Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1147–1147
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
  - 1148–1149 Article 17 Delivery Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1148–1149
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
    - § 6
  - 1150–1151 Article 18 Right to dispose of the goods Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1150–1151
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
  - 1152–1152 Article 19 Exercise of the right to dispose of the goods Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1152–1152
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
    - § 6
    - § 7
  - 1153–1153 Article 20 Circumstances preventing carriage Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1153–1153
    - § 1
    - § 2
  - 1153–1153 Article 21 Circumstances preventing delivery Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1153–1153
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
  - 1154–1154 Article 22 Consequences of circumstances preventing carriage and delivery Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1154–1154
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
    - § 6
- 1155–1170 Title III Liability 1155–1170
  - 1155–1156 Article 23 Basis of liability Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1155–1156
  - 1157–1157 Article 24 Liability in case of carriage of railway vehicles as goods Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1157–1157
    - § 1
    - § 2
  - 1158–1158 Article 25 Burden of proof Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1158–1158
  - 1159–1159 Article 26 Successive carriers Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1159–1159
  - 1160–1160 Article 27 Substitute carrier Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1160–1160
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
    - § 6
  - 1161–1161 Article 28 Presumption of loss or damage in case of reconsignment Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1161–1161
  - 1162–1162 Article 29 Presumption of loss of the goods Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1162–1162
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
  - 1162–1163 Article 30 Compensation for loss Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1162–1163
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
  - 1164–1164 Article 31 Liability for wastage in transit Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1164–1164
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
  - 1164–1164 Article 32 Compensation for damage Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1164–1164
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
  - 1165–1165 Article 33 Compensation for exceeding the transit period Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1165–1165
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
    - § 6
  - 1166–1166 Article 34 Compensation in case of declaration of value Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1166–1166
  - 1167–1167 Article 35 Compensation in case of interest in delivery Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1167–1167
  - 1167–1167 Article 36 Loss of right to invoke the limits of liability Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1167–1167
  - 1167–1167 Article 37 Conversion and interest Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1167–1167
  - 1168–1168 Article 38 Liability in respect of rail-sea traffic Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1168–1168
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
  - 1169–1169 Article 39 Liability in case of nuclear incidents Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1169–1169
  - 1169–1169 Article 40 Persons for whom the carrier is liable Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1169–1169
  - 1170–1170 Article 41 Other actions Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1170–1170
    - § 1
    - § 2
- 1170–1175 Title IV Assertion of Rights 1170–1175
  - 1170–1170 Article 42 Ascertainment of partial loss or damage Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1170–1170
  - 1171–1171 Article 43 Claims Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1171–1171
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
    - § 6
  - 1172–1172 Article 44 Persons who may bring an action against the carrier Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1172–1172
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
    - § 6
  - 1172–1172 Article 45 Carriers against whom an action may be brought Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1172–1172
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
    - § 6
    - § 7
  - 1173–1173 Article 46 Forum Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1173–1173
    - § 1
    - § 2
  - 1174–1174 Article 47 Extinction of right of action Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1174–1174
  - 1175–1175 Article 48 Limitation of actions Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1175–1175
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
- 1176–1178 Title V Relations between Carriers 1176–1178
  - 1176–1176 Article 49 Settlement of accounts Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1176–1176
    - § 1
    - § 2
  - 1177–1177 Article 50 Right of recourse Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1177–1177
    - § 1
    - § 2
  - 1177–1177 Article 51 Procedure for recourse Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1177–1177
    - § 1
    - § 2
    - § 3
    - § 4
    - § 5
    - § 6
  - 1178–1178 Article 52 Agreements concerning recourse Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova 1178–1178
1179–1246 IX. CONVENTION FOR THE UNIFICATION OF CERTAIN RULES FOR INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE BY AIR OF 1999 (MONTREAL CONVENTION) 1179–1246
- 1179–1183 Introduction Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1179–1183
- 1184–1188 Chapter I General Provisions 1184–1188
  - 1184–1187 Article 1 Scope of Application Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1184–1187
    - Overview
  - 1188–1188 Article 2 Carriage Performed by State and Carriage of Postal Items Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1188–1188
- 1188–1198 Chapter II Documentation and Duties of the Parties Relating to the Carriage of Passengers, Baggage and Cargo Documentation and Duties of the Parties 1188–1198
  - 1188–1189 Article 3 Passengers and Baggage Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1188–1189
  - 1190–1190 Article 4 Cargo Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1190–1190
  - 1191–1191 Article 5 Contents of Air Waybill or Cargo Receipt Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1191–1191
  - 1191–1191 Article 6 Document Relating to the Nature of the Cargo Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1191–1191
  - 1192–1192 Article 7 Description of Air Waybill Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1192–1192
  - 1192–1192 Article 8 Documentation for Multiple Packages Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1192–1192
  - 1193–1193 Article 9 Non-compliance with Documentary Requirements Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1193–1193
  - 1193–1193 Article 10 Responsibility for Particulars of Documentation Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1193–1193
  - 1194–1194 Article 11 Evidentiary Value of Documentation Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1194–1194
    - I. Overview
    - II. The rules of evidence
  - 1195–1195 Article 12 Right of Disposition of Cargo Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1195–1195
    - Overview
  - 1196–1196 Article 13 Delivery of Cargo Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1196–1196
    - The consignee’s rights upon arrival of the cargo
  - 1197–1197 Article 14 Enforcement of the Rights of Consignor and Consignee Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1197–1197
  - 1197–1197 Article 15 Relations of Consignor and Consignee or Mutual Relations of Third Parties Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1197–1197
  - 1198–1198 Article 16 Formalities of Customs, Police or Other Public Authorities Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1198–1198
- 1198–1235 Chapter III Liability of the Carrier and Extent of Compensation for Damage Liability of the Carrier 1198–1235
  - 1198–1205 Article 17 Death and Injury of Passengers – Damage to Baggage Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1198–1205
    - I. Overview
    - II. Liability for passenger death or injury
      - 1. The term “accident”
        a) No definition of the term “accident” in either the Warsaw Convention or the Montreal Convention
        b) Can inaction constitute an accident?
        c) Definition of “accident” by courts in Germany
        d) Causal nexus required between accident and operation of the aircraft?
        e) Own opinion
    - III. Death or bodily injury
    - IV. Operation of embarking or disembarking
    - V. Persons entitled to claim (the plaintiff)
    - VI. The defendant
    - VII. The amount of liability and the scope
    - VIII. Liability for damage to baggage
  - 1206–1212 Article 18 Damage to Cargo Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1206–1212
    - I. Overview
    - II. The terms “damage”, “destruction” and “loss”
    - III. The damage-causing event
    - IV. The period of carrier’s liability
    - V. Exoneration
    - VI. Carriage by several modes of transport (combined carriage or multimodal carriage)
      - 1. Loading, delivery, transhipment
      - 2. Substitute carriage
    - VII. Who may sue and who might be sued in cargo cases?
      - 1. The plaintiffs
      - 2. The defendants
  - 1213–1214 Article 19 Delay Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1213–1214
    - I. Overview
    - II. The term “delay”
    - III. Exoneration of the carrier
    - IV. The damage
    - V. Persons entitled to claim
    - VI. Delay under Article 19 of the Montreal Convention and Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No. 261/2004
  - 1215–1215 Article 20 Exoneration Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1215–1215
    - Overview
  - 1216–1216 Article 21 Compensation in Case of Death or Injury of Passengers Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1216–1216
    - I. Overview
    - II. The two-tier liability
    - III. The term servants or agents
  - 1217–1220 Article 22 Limits of Liability in Relation to Delay, Baggage and Cargo Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1217–1220
    - I. Overview
    - II. Limits for delay of passengers (Article 22 paragraph 1)
    - III. Limits for damages to baggage (Article 22 paragraph 2)
    - IV. Breach of limits
    - V. Limits for damages to cargo (Article 22 paragraph 3)
    - VI. The special declaration of interest in delivery at destination (paragraphs 2 and 3)
    - VII. Unbreakability of the limits
  - 1221–1221 Article 23 Conversion of Monetary Units Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1221–1221
  - 1222–1222 Article 24 Review of Limits Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1222–1222
  - 1223–1223 Article 25 Stipulation on Limits Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1223–1223
  - 1224–1224 Article 26 Invalidity of Contractual Provisions Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1224–1224
  - 1224–1224 Article 27 Freedom to Contract Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1224–1224
  - 1224–1224 Article 28 Advance Payments Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1224–1224
  - 1225–1226 Article 29 Basis of Claims Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1225–1226
    - I. Overview
    - II. Preemption of State law causes of action
    - III. German jurisprudence
    - IV. The person entitled to claim in passenger liability cases
    - V. Punitive damages
  - 1227–1227 Article 30 Servants, Agents – Aggregation of Claims Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1227–1227
  - 1228–1229 Article 31 Timely Notice of Complaints Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1228–1229
    - I. Overview
    - II. The person entitled to delivery
    - III. Damaged vs destroyed or lost goods
    - IV. Format and contents of the notice of complaint
  - 1230–1230 Article 32 Death of Person Liable Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1230–1230
  - 1230–1231 Article 33 Jurisdiction Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1230–1231
    - Overview
  - 1232–1232 Article 34 Arbitration Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1232–1232
  - 1233–1233 Article 35 Limitation of Actions Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1233–1233
    - I. Overview
    - II. Claims against the carrier and the carrier’s servants and agents
    - III. Application of Article 35 to third-party claimant?
  - 1234–1234 Article 36 Successive Carriage Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1234–1234
  - 1235–1235 Article 37 Right of Recourse against Third Parties Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1235–1235
- 1236–1236 Chapter IV Combined Carriage 1236–1236
  - Article 38 Combined Carriage Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin
- 1237–1241 Chapter V Carriage by Air Performed by a Person other than the Contracting Carrier Carriage by Air Performed by another Person 1237–1241
  - 1237–1237 Overview Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1237–1237
  - 1237–1237 Article 39 Contracting Carrier – Actual Carrier Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1237–1237
    - I. The contracting carrier
    - II. The actual carrier
  - 1238–1238 Article 40 Respective Liability of Contracting and Actual Carriers Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1238–1238
  - 1238–1238 Article 41 Mutual Liability Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1238–1238
  - 1239–1239 Article 42 Addressee of Complaints and Instructions Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1239–1239
  - 1239–1239 Article 43 Servants and Agents Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1239–1239
  - 1239–1239 Article 44 Aggregation of Damages Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1239–1239
  - 1240–1240 Article 45 Addressee of Claims Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1240–1240
  - 1240–1240 Article 46 Additional Jurisdiction Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1240–1240
  - 1240–1240 Article 47 Invalidity of Contractual Provisions Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1240–1240
  - 1241–1241 Article 48 Mutual Relations of Contracting and Actual Carriers Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1241–1241
- 1241–1243 Chapter VI Other Provisions 1241–1243
  - 1241–1241 Article 49 Mandatory Application Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1241–1241
  - 1241–1241 Article 50 Insurance Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1241–1241
  - 1242–1242 Article 51 Carriage Performed in Extraordinary Circumstances Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1242–1242
  - 1243–1243 Article 52 Definition of Days Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1243–1243
- 1243–1246 Chapter VII Final Clauses 1243–1246
  - 1243–1243 Article 53 Signature, Ratification and Entry into Force Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1243–1243
  - 1244–1244 Article 54 Denunciation Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1244–1244
  - 1244–1244 Article 55 Relationship with Other Warsaw Convention Instruments Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1244–1244
  - 1245–1245 Article 56 States with More than One System of Law Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1245–1245
  - 1246–1246 Article 57 Reservations Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1246–1246
  - 1246–1246 Final clause Wolf Müller-Rostin Wolf Müller-Rostin 1246–1246
1247–1302 X. DIRECTIVE 86/653/EEC ON THE COORDINATION OF THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATES RELATING TO SELF-EMPLOYED COMMERCIAL AGENTS 1247–1302
- 1247–1264 Introduction Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1247–1264
- 1265–1271 Chapter I Scope 1265–1271
  - 1265–1265 Article 1 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1265–1265
  - 1266–1271 Article 2 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1266–1271
- 1272–1274 Chapter II Rights and obligations 1272–1274
  - 1272–1272 Article 3 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1272–1272
  - 1272–1273 Article 4 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1272–1273
  - 1274–1274 Article 5 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1274–1274
- 1275–1282 Chapter III Remuneration 1275–1282
  - 1275–1276 Article 6 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1275–1276
  - 1277–1278 Article 7 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1277–1278
    - Article 7 para. 1
    - Article 7 para. 2
  - 1279–1279 Article 8 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1279–1279
  - 1280–1280 Article 9 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1280–1280
  - 1281–1281 Article 10 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1281–1281
  - 1282–1282 Article 11 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1282–1282
  - 1282–1282 Article 12 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1282–1282
- 1283–1300 Chapter IV Conclusion and termination of the agency contracts Conclusion and termination of contracts 1283–1300
  - 1283–1283 Article 13 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1283–1283
  - 1284–1284 Article 14 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1284–1284
  - 1284–1285 Article 15 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1284–1285
  - 1286–1286 Article 16 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1286–1286
  - 1287–1295 Article 17 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1287–1295
  - 1296–1298 Article 18 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1296–1298
  - 1299–1299 Article 19 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1299–1299
  - 1300–1300 Article 20 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1300–1300
- 1301–1302 Chapter V General and final provision 1301–1302
  - 1301–1301 Article 21 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1301–1301
  - 1301–1301 Article 22 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1301–1301
  - 1302–1302 Article 23 Raimond Emde Raimond Emde 1302–1302
1303–1362 XI. DIRECTIVE 2011/7/EU ON COMBATING LATE PAYMENT IN COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS 1303–1362
- 1303–1304 Correlation Table Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1303–1304
- 1305–1306 Introduction Introduction Dir. 2011/7/EU Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1305–1306
  - I. General Remarks
  - II. Genesis of the Directive
- 1307–1310 Article 1 Subject matter and scope Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1307–1310
- 1311–1320 Article 2 Definitions Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1311–1320
- 1321–1333 Article 3 Transactions between undertakings Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1321–1333
- 1334–1338 Article 4 Transactions between undertakings and public authorities Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1334–1338
- 1339–1339 Article 5 Payment schedules 1339–1339
- 1340–1341 Article 6 Compensation for recovery costs Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1340–1341
- 1342–1349 Article 7 Unfair contractual terms and practices Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1342–1349
- 1350–1350 Article 8 Transparency and awareness raising Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1350–1350
- 1351–1352 Article 9 Retention of title Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1351–1352
- 1353–1356 Article 10 Recovery procedures for unchallenged claims Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1353–1356
- 1357–1357 Article 11 Report Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1357–1357
- 1358–1360 Article 12 Transposition Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1358–1360
  - I. Transposition obligation
  - II. Current developments
- 1361–1361 Article 13 Repeal Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1361–1361
  - I. Repeal
  - II. References
- 1361–1361 Article 14 Entry into force Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1361–1361
- 1362–1362 Article 15 Addressees Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber 1362–1362
1363–1415 XII. CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL INTERESTS IN MOBILE EQUIPMENT (CAPE TOWN CONVENTION) 1363–1415
- 1363–1366 Introduction Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1363–1366
- 1367–1373 Chapter I Sphere of application and general provisions 1367–1373
  - 1367–1368 Article 1 Definitions Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1367–1368
  - 1369–1369 Article 2 The international interest Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1369–1369
  - 1370–1370 Article 3 Sphere of application Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1370–1370
  - 1371–1371 Article 4 Where debtor is situated Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1371–1371
  - 1371–1372 Article 5 Interpretation and applicable law Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1371–1372
  - 1373–1373 Article 6 Relationship between the Convention and the Protocol Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1373–1373
- 1373–1373 Chapter II Constitution of an international interest 1373–1373
  - Article 7 Formal requirements Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti
- 1374–1382 Chapter III Default remedies 1374–1382
  - 1374–1374 Article 8 Remedies of chargee Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1374–1374
  - 1375–1375 Article 9 Vesting of object in satisfaction; redemption Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1375–1375
  - 1375–1377 Article 10 Remedies of conditional seller or lessor Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1375–1377
  - 1378–1378 Article 11 Meaning of default Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1378–1378
  - 1379–1379 Article 12 Additional remedies Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1379–1379
  - 1379–1380 Article 13 Relief pending final determination Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1379–1380
  - 1381–1381 Article 14 Procedural requirements Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1381–1381
  - 1382–1382 Article 15 Derogation Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1382–1382
- 1382–1382 Chapter IV The international registration system 1382–1382
  - Article 16 The International Registry Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti
  - Article 17 The Supervisory Authority and the Registrar Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti
- 1383–1388 Chapter V Other matters relating to registration 1383–1388
  - 1383–1383 Article 18 Registration requirements Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1383–1383
  - 1384–1384 Article 19 Validity and time of registration Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1384–1384
  - 1384–1384 Article 20 Consent to registration Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1384–1384
  - 1385–1385 Article 21 Duration of registration Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1385–1385
  - 1386–1386 Article 22 Searches Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1386–1386
  - 1386–1386 Article 23 List of declarations and declared non-consensual rights or interests Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1386–1386
  - 1386–1386 Article 24 Evidentiary value of certificates Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1386–1386
  - 1387–1387 Article 25 Discharge of registration Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1387–1387
  - 1388–1388 Article 26 Access to the international registration facilities Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1388–1388
- 1388–1388 Chapter VI Privileges and immunities of the Supervisory Authority and the Registrar 1388–1388
  - Article 27 Legal personality; immunity Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti
- 1388–1388 Chapter VII Liability of the Registrar 1388–1388
  - Article 28 Liability and financial assurances Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti
- 1389–1394 Chapter VIII Effects of an international interest as against third parties Effects of an international interest 1389–1394
  - 1389–1390 Article 29 Priority of competing interests Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1389–1390
  - 1391–1394 Article 30 Effects of insolvency Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1391–1394
- 1395–1400 Chapter IX Assignments of associated rights and international interests; rights of subrogation Assignments of associated rights 1395–1400
  - 1395–1395 Article 31 Effects of assignment Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1395–1395
  - 1395–1395 Article 32 Formal requirements of assignment Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1395–1395
  - 1396–1396 Article 33 Debtor’s duty to assignee Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1396–1396
  - 1396–1396 Article 34 Default remedies in respect of assignment by way of security Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1396–1396
  - 1396–1396 Article 35 Priority of competing assignments Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1396–1396
  - 1397–1397 Article 36 Assignee’s priority with respect to associated rights Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1397–1397
  - 1397–1399 Article 37 Effects of assignor’s insolvency Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1397–1399
  - 1400–1400 Article 38 Subrogation Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1400–1400
- 1400–1402 Chapter X Rights or interests subject to declarations by Contracting States Rights or interests subject to declarations 1400–1402
  - 1400–1401 Article 39 Rights having priority without registration Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1400–1401
  - 1402–1402 Article 40 Registrable non-consensual rights or interests Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1402–1402
- 1403–1403 Chapter XI Application of the Convention to sales 1403–1403
  - Article 41 Sale and prospective sale Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti
- 1403–1407 Chapter XII Jurisdiction 1403–1407
  - 1403–1403 Article 42 Choice of forum Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1403–1403
  - 1404–1405 Article 43 Jurisdiction under Article 13 Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1404–1405
  - 1406–1406 Article 44 Jurisdiction to make orders against the Registrar Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1406–1406
  - 1407–1407 Article 45 Jurisdiction in respect of insolvency proceedings Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1407–1407
- 1408–1408 Chapter XIII Relationship with other Conventions 1408–1408
  - Article 45 bisRelationship with the United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti
  - Article 46 Relationship with the UNIDROIT Convention on International Financial Leasing Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti
- 1408–1415 Chapter XIV Final provisions 1408–1415
  - 1408–1408 Article 47 Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1408–1408
  - 1409–1409 Article 48 Regional Economic Integration Organisations Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1409–1409
  - 1409–1409 Article 49 Entry into force Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1409–1409
  - 1410–1410 Article 50 Internal transactions Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1410–1410
  - 1410–1410 Article 51 Future Protocols Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1410–1410
  - 1411–1411 Article 52 Territorial units Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1411–1411
  - 1412–1412 Article 53 Determination of courts Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1412–1412
  - 1412–1412 Article 54 Declarations regarding remedies Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1412–1412
  - 1412–1412 Article 55 Declarations regarding relief pending final determination Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1412–1412
  - 1412–1412 Article 56 Reservations and declarations Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1412–1412
  - 1413–1413 Article 57 Subsequent declarations Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1413–1413
  - 1413–1413 Article 58 Withdrawal of declarations Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1413–1413
  - 1413–1413 Article 59 Denunciations Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1413–1413
  - 1413–1413 Article 60 Transitional provisions Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1413–1413
  - 1414–1414 Article 61 Review Conferences, amendments and related matters Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1414–1414
  - 1415–1415 Article 62 Depositary and its functions Gilles Cuniberti Gilles Cuniberti 1415–1415
1416–1531 XIII. UNIFORM CUSTOMS AND PRACTICES FOR LETTERS OF CREDIT 1416–1531
- 1416–1419 Introduction Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1416–1419
  - 1. Practical use of letters of credit
  - 2. Parties involved in a letter of credit transaction
  - 3. The UCP and other relevant provisions
  - 4. Legal nature of the UCP
  - 5. Content and structure of the UCP
  - 6. Terminology
- 1420–1421 Article 1 Application of UCP Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1420–1421
- 1422–1426 Article 2 Definitions Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1422–1426
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Definitions provided
- 1427–1429 Article 3 Interpretations Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1427–1429
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Selected Interpretations
- 1430–1432 Article 4 Credits v. Contracts Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1430–1432
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. The Independence Principle: Article 4 (a)
  - 3. Drafting advices in Article 4 (b)
  - 4. The fraud exception
- 1433–1433 Article 5 Documents v. Goods, Services or Performance Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1433–1433
- 1433–1435 Article 6 Availability, Expiry Date and Place for Presentation Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1433–1435
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Place at which credit is available
  - 3. Means by which a credit is available
  - 4. Expiry date
- 1436–1439 Article 7 Issuing Bank Undertaking Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1436–1439
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Undertaking towards beneficiary
  - 3. Undertaking towards nominated bank
- 1440–1441 Article 8 Confirming Bank Undertaking Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1440–1441
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Article 8 (a)
  - 3. Article 8 (b)
  - 4. Article 8 (c)
  - 5. Article 8 (d)
- 1442–1443 Article 9 Advising of Credits and Amendments Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1442–1443
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Article 9 (c)
  - 3. Article 9 (d)
  - 4. Article 9 (e)
  - 5. Article 9 (f)
- 1444–1445 Article 10 Amendments Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1444–1445
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Article 10 (a)
  - 3. Article 10 (b)
  - 4. Article 10 (c)
  - 5. Article 10 (d)
  - 6. Article 10 (e)
  - 7. Article 10 (f)
- 1446–1446 Article 11 Teletransmitted and Pre-Advised Credits and Amendments Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1446–1446
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Article 11 (a)
  - 3. Article 11 (b)
- 1447–1448 Article 12 Nomination Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1447–1448
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Article 12 (a)
  - 3. Article 12 (b)
  - 4. Article 12 (c)
- 1449–1450 Article 13 Bank-to-Bank Reimbursement Arrangements Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1449–1450
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Article 13 (a)
  - 3. Article 13 (b)
  - 4. Article 13 (c)
- 1451–1455 Article 14 Standard for Examination of Documents Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1451–1455
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Article 14(a)
  - 3. Article 14 (b)
  - 4. Article 14(c)
  - 5. Article 14 (d)
  - 6. Article 14 (e)
  - 7. Article 14 (f)
  - 8. Article 14 (g)
  - 9. Article 14 (h)
  - 10. Article 14 (i)
  - 11. Article 14 (j)
  - 12. Article 14 (k)
  - 13. Article 14 (l)
- 1456–1456 Article 15 Complying Presentation Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1456–1456
- 1457–1463 Article 16 Discrepant Documents, Waiver and Notice Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1457–1463
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Article 16 (a)
  - 3. Article 16 (b)
  - 4. Article 16 (c)
  - 5. Article 16 (d)
  - 6. Article 16 (e)
  - 7. Article 16 (f)
  - 8. Art. 16 (g)
- 1464–1465 Article 17 Original Documents and Copies Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1464–1465
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Rules as to the need for originals
  - 3. The concept of “original”
  - 4. Article 17(d): Copies
- 1466–1468 Article 18 Commercial Invoice Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1466–1468
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Scope of application
  - 3. Article 18 (a): Minimum requirements
- 1469–1473 Article 19 Transport Document Covering at Least Two Different Modes of Transport Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1469–1473
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Article 19 (a)
- 1474–1475 Article 20 Bill of Lading Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1474–1475
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Information concerning carrier, status of the goods and shipment
  - 3. Other provisions
  - 4. Transhipment
- 1476–1476 Article 21 Non-Negotiable Sea Waybill Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1476–1476
- 1477–1478 Article 22 Charter Party Bill of Lading Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1477–1478
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Article 22 (a)
  - 3. Article 22 (b)
- 1479–1480 Article 23 Air Transport Document Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1479–1480
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Article 23 (a)
  - 3. Article 23 (b) and (c)
- 1481–1482 Article 24 Road, Rail or Inland Waterway Transport Documents Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1481–1482
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Identification of Carrier, date, place and destination of shipment
  - 3. Submission of Originals
  - 4. Transhipment
- 1483–1483 Article 25 Courier Receipt, Post Receipt or Certificate of Posting Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1483–1483
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Courier Receipts
  - 3. Post receipt or certificate of posting
- 1484–1484 Article 26 On Deck, Shipper's Load and Count, Said by Shipper to Contain and Charges Additional to Freight Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1484–1484
- 1485–1485 Article 27 Clean Transport Document Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1485–1485
- 1486–1488 Article 28 Insurance Document and Coverage Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1486–1488
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Issuance and signature requirements (Article 28 (a))
  - 3. Originals
  - 4. Presentation of a different type of insurance document
  - 5. Coverage
  - 6. Other acceptable clauses
- 1489–1489 Article 29 Expiry Date Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1489–1489
- 1490–1490 Article 30 Tolerance in Credit Amount, Quantity and Unit Prices Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1490–1490
- 1490–1491 Article 31 Partial Drawings or Shipments Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1490–1491
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Article 31(a): Permission of partial shipment
  - 3. Concept of partial shipment
- 1492–1492 Article 32 Instalment Drawings or Shipments Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1492–1492
- 1492–1492 Article 33 Hours of Presentation Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1492–1492
- 1493–1493 Article 34 Disclaimer on Effectiveness of Documents Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1493–1493
- 1494–1495 Article 35 Disclaimer on Transmission and Translation Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1494–1495
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Article 35 (1): general regime of transmissions
  - 3. Article 35 (2): loss of compliant documents
  - 4. Article 35 (3): Translation and interpretation of technical terms
- 1496–1497 Article 36 Force Majeure Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1496–1497
  - 1. Article 36 (1): Exclusion of liability for force majeure
  - 2. Article 36 (2): Non-extension of time limits
- 1498–1498 Article 37 Disclaimer for Acts of an Instructed Party Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1498–1498
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Risk-allocation for instructions and compliance therewith
  - 3. Charges
  - 4. Indemnification against foreign law
- 1499–1503 Article 38 Transferable Credits Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1499–1503
  - 1. Introduction
  - 2. Transfer: Concept and Requirements
  - 3. Terms of the transferred credit and admissible deviations from the original credit
  - 4. Partial and successive transfers: Article 38 (d)
  - 5. Amending transferred credits: Article 38 (e) and (f)
  - 6. Substitution of documents: Article 38 (h) and (i)
  - 7. Presentations
- 1504–1531 Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds Stefan Kröll Stefan Kröll 1504–1531

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