Developing a Carbon Market
EU ETS Implementation in Germany and its Transfer Potential for Brazil
Zusammenfassung
Die Ausweitung von Initiativen zur Bepreisung von Kohlenstoff ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, insbesondere in Zeiten eines fragmentierten Klimaregimes und der wachsenden Notwendigkeit, die Ambitionen zu erhöhen und die Treibhausgasemissionen zu reduzieren. Dieses Buch beginnt mit dem internationalen Klimarahmen und untersucht die Gestaltungselemente und die wichtigsten rechtlichen Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung des Emissionshandelssystems in Europa, insbesondere in Deutschland, sowie die positiven Elemente, die auf andere Länder, insbesondere Brasilien, bei der Strukturierung übertragen werden können.
Abstract
Scaling up carbon pricing initiatives is essential, especially in times of a fragmented climate regime, carbon border adjustment mechanisms, and a growing need to increase ambition and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This book starts with the international climate framework and explores the design elements and main legal challenges of implementing the emissions trading system in Europe, particularly in Germany, as well as the positive elements that could be transferred to other countries, especially Brazil, when structuring this kind of carbon pricing initiative.
Schlagworte
- Kapitel Ausklappen | EinklappenSeiten
- I–XVIII Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis I–XVIII
- 1–4 Introduction 1–4
- 5–30 Chapter 1. International Architecture: The Climate Change Legal Regime and Carbon Markets 5–30
- 1.1. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
- 1.2. The Kyoto Protocol (KP)
- 1.2.1 Joint Implementation and Clean Development Mechanism
- 1.2.2. Emissions Trading and Use of Offsets
- 1.2.3. Units Accepted under the KP Framework
- 1.2.4. Compliance Framework Outside the Kyoto Protocol
- 1.3. The Paris Agreement and the New Climate Regime
- 31–72 Chapter 2. European Framework: Design Elements of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) 31–72
- 2.1. Institutional and Regulatory Framework at Union Level
- 2.1.1. Institutions: Executive, Judicial, Legislative Branches
- 2.1.2. The Legislative Procedure
- 2.1.3. Competence in Environmental Matters
- 2.2. General Framework and Design Elements of the EU ETS
- 2.2.1. Definition of Coverage and Scope
- 2.2.2. Setting the Cap: From Member States to the Union Registry
- 2.2.3. Allocation Method: From Free Allocation to Auctioning
- 2.2.4. Legal Nature of Allowances
- 2.2.5. Compliance Flexibility: Offsets, Banking, and Borrowing
- 2.2.6. Enforcement: Monitoring, Reporting, Verification
- 2.2.7. Reform of the EU ETS: Back-loading of Allowances and Market Stability Reserve
- 2.3. Court Cases
- 2.3.1. Court of Justice of the European Union
- 2.3.2. Rulings of the CJEU related to the Functioning of the EU ETS
- A. The NAPs and the Principle of Equal Treatment
- B. Enforcement and Penalties for noncompliance
- C. Allocation and Legal Certainty
- 73–94 Chapter 3. Germany: Implementation of the EU ETS Directive 73–94
- 3.1. Institutional and Regulatory Framework at Member State Level
- 3.1.1. Powers: Legislative, Executive, Judicial Branches
- 3.1.2. Competences: Environmental and Climate Matters
- 3.1.3. State and National Climate Laws
- 3.2. Transposing the EU ETS Directive into National Action and Court Cases
- 3.2.1. Preparing the Ground for the EU ETS
- 3.2.2. The German Greenhouse Gas Emission Allowance Trading Act (TEHG)
- 3.2.3. The German Allocation Acts and Ordinances (ZuG / ZuV)
- 3.3. German National Emissions Trading System (nEHS)
- 95–124 Chapter 4. Brazil: General Framework on Climate Change and Voluntary GHG Emission Reduction Targets 95–124
- 4.1. Institutional and Regulatory Framework
- 4.1.1. Institutions: Legislative, Executive, Judicial Branches
- 4.1.2. Competence in Environmental Matters
- 4.1.3. From International Negotiations to the National Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
- 4.2. General Framework and the National Policy on Climate Change
- 4.2.1. The Institutional Framework at Federal Level
- 4.2.2. GHG Emissions and Targets at National Level
- 4.2.3. Pilot Projects and State Initiatives
- 4.3. The Brazilian Emissions Reduction Market (MBRE)
- 4.4. Instruments: Sectoral Plans and Funding
- 4.5. Mandatory Targets and Biofuels: RenovaBio
- 4.6. Court Cases
- 125–140 Chapter 5. Path Forward: Cooperation in a Fragmented Framework 125–140
- 5.1. Compliance vs. Voluntary Carbon Markets: Similarities and Differences
- 5.1.1. What drives Demand and Supply?
- 5.1.2. What are the Units that can be Traded?
- 5.1.3. Which Is the Role Played by Registry Systems?
- 5.2. Pos-2020: The Consolidation of a Fragmented Framework with Carbon Border Adjustments
- 141–144 Conclusions 141–144
- 145–164 References 145–164
- 165–170 References of Regulations / Decisions 165–170
- International (UNFCCC / KP)
- European Union
- Germany
- Brazil
- 171–172 References of Court Cases 171–172
