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International Law and Litigation / Cyber Espionage in Inter-State Litigation
International Law and Litigation / Cyber Espionage in Inter-State Litigation
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1–4
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
1–4
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5–18
Introduction
Hélène Ruiz Fabri, Edoardo Stoppioni
Hélène Ruiz Fabri, Edoardo Stoppioni
5–18
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I. Towards a history of international procedural law: six authors in search of a field
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1. Bernhard Windscheid (1817-1892)
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2. Max Huber (1874-1960)
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3. Nicholas Politis (1872-1942)
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4. Gaetano Morelli (1900-1990)
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5. Shabtai Rosenne (1917-2010)
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6. Elihu Lauterpacht (1928-2017)
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II. International Procedural Law: between Unity and Diversity
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19–36
Procéduralisation et transformation de l’idée de justice
Jean-Marc Sorel
Jean-Marc Sorel
19–36
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I. Introduction
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II. La lame de fond du mouvement de procéduralisation
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A. Un exemple récent et topique en droit interne français
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B. La procéduralisation devant les juridictions internationales
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III. Les mille visages de la procédure selon les acteurs du procès
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IV. La confusion entre la procéduralisation et la légitimation
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V. La transformation progressive de l’idée de justice à travers la procéduralisation
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37–64
Substantive and Procedural Rules in International Adjudication: Exploring their Interaction in Intervention before the International Court of Justice
Matina Papadaki
Matina Papadaki
37–64
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I. Introduction
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II. Distinguishing Substantive and Procedural Rules in International Adjudication
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III. Points of Entry to the Interaction Between Substance and Procedure
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IV. Examples of Modes of Interaction
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A. Intervention in the ICJ – Procedure as House-Keeping
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B. Procedure as Transmission of Substance – The Case of the ‘Legal Interest’
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V. Conclusions
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65–90
The Dual Role of Procedure in International Water Law
Tamar Meshel
Tamar Meshel
65–90
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I. Introduction
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II. The Procedural Principles of International Water Law
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III. The Dual Role of Procedural Obligations under International Water Law
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A. Facilitation of compliance with the substantive principles of equitable and reasonable utilization and no significant harm
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B. Eliciting cooperation between states in the management of shared fresh water resources
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IV. Conclusion
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91–98
Brief Remarks on the Effect of Judgments on International Law
Yves Daudet
Yves Daudet
91–98
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99–106
Advisory Opinions: An Alternative Means to Avoid the Development of Legal Conflicts?
Rüdiger Wolfrum
Rüdiger Wolfrum
99–106
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I. Introduction
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II. Advisory Opinions by the International Court of Justice
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III. Advisory Opinions in the Context of the Dispute Settlement Regime under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
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107–146
The Use of Ex Curia Experts in International Litigation: Why the WTO Dispute Settlement Cannot Serve to Improve ICJ Practice
Andrea Hamann
Andrea Hamann
107–146
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I. Introduction
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II. The power to seek expert advice
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A. Identification and status of experts
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B. Due process rights
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III. The exercise of the power to seek expert advice
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A. Discretionary recourse to experts
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1. Positive exercise of discretionary power: addressing the need for expert advice
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2. Negative exercise of discretionary power: circumventing the need for ex curia experts
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B. Mandatory recourse to experts
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C. Seeking expert advice as a requirement of the judicial function?
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IV. The utilisation of expert evidence
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A. Authority of expert evidence
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B. Assessment of expert evidence
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147–182
L’accès direct de la personne privée à la juridiction internationale : Une comparaison entre l’arbitrage d’investissement et le contentieux de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme
Edoardo Stoppioni
Edoardo Stoppioni
147–182
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I. Introduction
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II. La perspective diachronique
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A. Une diversité éclipsée
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1. La question de l’accès direct éclipsée par le débat sur la subjectivité
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2. Une généalogie idéologique différente
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B. Une diversité sous-jacente
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1. Une diversité résultant des travaux préparatoires
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2. Une diversité dépendant de la relation de l’individu à l’État
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III. La perspective synchronique
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A. Un contentieux révélateur de la nature du recours
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1. Un droit fondamental au recours devant la juridiction européenne
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2. Le débat sur la titularité des droits et les contre-mesures touchant l’investisseur
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B. Un contentieux préliminaire portant l’empreinte de la nature du recours
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1. Deux analyses différentes de la place de l’État
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2. Deux analyses différentes de l’origine de la protection internationale
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183–204
The Procrustean Bed of Colonial Laws: A Case of the British Empire in India
Parvathi Menon
Parvathi Menon
183–204
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I. Introduction
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II. The Primitiveness of the Other?: A Study of the Pre-Colonial Indian Legal Systems
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A. Hindu Law and Its Practices
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B. Mohammadan Law and Its Practices
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III. A Turn to the Modern?: The Colonial Recalibration
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A. From Deference to Displacement: The Evolution of the Colonial Strategy
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B. A Procedural Alteration of Substantive Laws
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IV. The Myth of the Procrustean Bed of Colonial Laws
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205–232
Evidence Requirements before 19th Century Anti-Slave Trade Jurisdictions and Slavery as a Standard of Treatment
Michel Erpelding
Michel Erpelding
205–232
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I. Introduction: Treatment as a key component of 19th century legal instruments for the international suppression of the slave trade
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II. The preeminence of treatment over individual emancipation certificates
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A. Emancipated individuals treated as servants and sailors are not slaves: the Uniao case (1844)
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B. Emancipated individuals deported overseas against their will are slaves: the Sénégambie case (1840)
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III. The preeminence of treatment over legal abolition
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A. Even an abolitionist state can be found guilty of treating people as slaves: the Regina Cœli and Charles-et-Georges cases (1857-1858)
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B. Toward freedom from slavery as a universal human right: the Maria Luz case (1872-1875)
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233–270
La qualité étatique accordée par le juge interne : Une reconnaissance procédurale de l’État ?
Mehdi Belkahla
Mehdi Belkahla
233–270
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I. Introduction
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A. La reconnaissance : des enjeux multiples
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B. La reconnaissance : éléments de définition
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C. Reconnaissance de jure et reconnaissance procédurale de l’État : champ de l’étude et problématique
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II. Nature et modalités de la reconnaissance procédurale d’État
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A. Le cadre de la reconnaissance procédurale
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1. Une mise en œuvre indifférente aux caractéristiques générales de l’organisation juridictionnelle et de l’instance
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2. Le dépassement d’obstacles potentiels à la mise en œuvre du mécanisme
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B. La mise en œuvre de la reconnaissance procédurale
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1. Le triomphe du raisonnement logico-déductif
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2. Fait, effectivité et reconnaissance
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III. Effets et fonctions de la reconnaissance procédurale d’État
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A. Le tempérament à la portée limitée des effets juridiques
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1. L’étendue des droits accordés
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2. Des effets limités au cas de l’espèce
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B. Le rapport entre obligations étatiques et fonction de la reconnaissance procédurale
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1. Les obligations de l’État reconnu procéduralement
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2. Le souci de bonne administration de la justice
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IV. Conclusion
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271–300
Cyber Espionage in Inter-State Litigation
Marco Benatar
Marco Benatar
271–300
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I. Introduction: The Dangers of the Digital Domain
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II. General International Law and its Gaps
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III. The Law of International Dispute Settlement as Adjudicatory Strategy
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IV. Evidence Procured through Cyber Espionage: Too Hot to Handle?
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V. Concluding Remarks
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301–330
La reconnaissance juridictionnelle des monnaies virtuelles
Alain Zamaria
Alain Zamaria
301–330
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I. Introduction
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II. L’onction du juge : une reconnaissance nécessaire
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A. L’interdiction de monnaies privées centralisées
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1. La légalité contestée des monnaies privées en droit américain
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2. L’ascension et la chute de Liberty Reserve
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B. La reconnaissance d’une monnaie virtuelle décentralisée
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1. US Security and Exchange Commission v. Trendon Shavers
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2. L’affaire Silk Road
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III. L’emprise du juge : une reconnaissance opportune
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A. Les enjeux de fiscalité : Skatteverket v. Hedqvist
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B. Les enjeux de sécurité financière : State of Florida v. Espinoza
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IV. Conclusion
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331–362
Parallel and Overlapping Proceedings in International Economic Law: Towards an Ordered Co-existence
Laurence Boisson de Chazournes
Laurence Boisson de Chazournes
331–362
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I. Introduction: The Backdrop
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II. Lis Pendens and Forum Non Conveniens in their Traditional Forms
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III. Contemporary Application of Lis Pendens at the International Level
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IV. Connexité, Related Actions and Consolidation in a Contemporary Context
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V. Fork in the Road, Election and Waiver Provisions: Their Progressive Acceptance and Evolution
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A. Investment Law
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B. Trade Law
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VI. Comity: Paving Its Way
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VII. Other Attempts to Order Coexisting Jurisdiction in the Trade and Investment Fields
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VIII. Conclusion
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363–446
International Investment Law and Arbitration: A Conceptual Framework
Rob Howse
Rob Howse
363–446
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I. Introduction
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II. Historical Overview of International Law and Investor Protection
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III. Rationales for Investor Protection in International Law
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A. Investment treaty commitments as an investment incentive
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B. A substitute for domestic rule of law
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C. International Justice
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D. Anti-Protectionism
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IV. Alignment and Misalignment of the “Main” Substantive Treaty Norms with Rationales for Investor Protection
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A. The incentive rationale
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B. The rule of law substitute rationale
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C. The international justice rationale
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D. The anti-protectionism rationale
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V. Matching the Form of Dispute Settlement to the Rationale for Treaty-Based Investor Protection
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A. The incentive rationale
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B. The rule of law substitute rationale
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C. The international justice rationale
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D. The anti-protectionism rationale
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VI. Conclusion
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447–478
Consent to Arbitration through Legislation
Christoph Schreuer
Christoph Schreuer
447–478
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I. Introduction
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II. Jurisdiction and Applicable Law
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III. The Methodology for the Interpretation of Unilateral Acts
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A. Restrictive Interpretation of Unilateral Acts?
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B. The Intention of the State Adopting the Legislation
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C. Criteria for the Interpretation of Unilateral Acts
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IV. Tribunal Practice on the Interpretation of National Legislation
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A. Existence of a Valid Offer to Arbitrate in National Legislation
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B. Absence of a Valid Offer to Arbitrate in National Legislation
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1. Statutory Provisions without a Reference to ICSID Arbitration
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2. Statutory Provisions Containing a Reference to ICSID Arbitration
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V. Conclusion
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479–512
Domestic and Multilateral Forums for the Judicial Review of U.S. Trade Remedy Determinations: Complementary or Conflicting?
Henok Birhanu Asmelash
Henok Birhanu Asmelash
479–512
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I. Introduction
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II. Trade Remedy Determinations
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A. The Use and Abuse of Trade Remedies
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B. The Trade Remedy Investigation Process
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III. Judicial Review of Trade Remedy Determinations
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A. Reasons for and Legal Basis of Judicial Review
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B. The Domestic and Multilateral Forums for Judicial Review
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1. The Domestic Forum for the Judicial Review of Trade Remedy Determinations
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2. The Multilateral Forum for the Judicial Review of Trade Remedy Determinations
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C. Comparing the Domestic and Multilateral Forums for Judicial Review
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1. Standing
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2. Standard of Review
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3. Available Remedies
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IV. Conclusion
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513–550
Practices and Ways of Doing Things in the World Trade Organization (WTO) Law
Gabrielle Marceau, Clément Marquet
Gabrielle Marceau, Clément Marquet
513–550
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I. Introduction
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II. The practice in international law: At the crossroad of various concepts
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A. The practice in general international law
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B. The authors of the practice
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C. The practice as soft law?
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III. The GATT’s practices: what pragmatism requires
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A. The GATT as a de facto UN specialised agency
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B. The development of various institutional practices
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1. In the functioning of the GATT Council and Committees and the Tokyo Round Committees
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2. In the administration of the system of dispute settlement
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a. The creation of panels and the general evolution of the system of dispute settlement
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b. The use of the so-called chairman statement
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IV. The practice within GATT generated the WTO
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A. General codification of GATT practices
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B. Codification of the practice of decision-making by consensus
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C. Codification of principles (and practices) developed under the GATT system of dispute settlement
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1. “GATT 1994”
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2. “GATT Acquis”
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3. The impact of the distinction between the GATT Acquis and the GATT 1994
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V. The practice at the WTO: always in development
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A. “Practice” at the WTO system of dispute settlement
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B. The practice followed by the WTO Councils and Committees
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1. The expansion of consensus
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2. The formal recognition of the customary practice of decision-making
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3. The adoption of decisions by consensus by the General Council and other bodies, and their subsequent and sustained practices by the Members
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C. The WTO practice in negotiation proceedings
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VI. Concluding discussion
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551–568
Quasi-Judicial Bodies as Procedural Innovations: The World Bank Access to Information Appeals Procedure
Edouard Fromageau
Edouard Fromageau
551–568
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I. Introduction
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II. A Closer Look at the AI Policy
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III. The Structure of the AI Procedure: a Two-Stage Appeals Process
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IV. The Nature of the AI Procedure: a Quasi-Judicial Appeals Process
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V. Concluding Remarks: Procedural Innovation, the World Bank, and the Others
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569–602
Due Process and Procedural Law in Accountability Mechanisms: The Case of the World Bank
André Nunes Chaib
André Nunes Chaib
569–602
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I. Introduction
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II. Expanding the Perception of Procedural Law for International Organizations
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A. The Modern Uses of Law to Regulate Procedures
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B. Conceptualizing Due Process for International Institutions
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III. Due Process in Accountability Mechanisms
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A. Principles and Rules of Procedures in Accountability Mechanisms
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1. The World Bank Inspection Panel’s Procedures
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2. The Compliance Advisory Ombudsman Operational Guidelines
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B. Between Judicial and Administrative Procedures in Accountability Mechanisms
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IV. Concluding Remarks
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603–624
The Interaction Between the European Court of Justice and National Courts in Preliminary Ruling Proceedings: Some Institutional and Procedural Observations
Allan Rosas
Allan Rosas
603–624
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I. Introduction
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II. The EU Judicial System
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III. The Preliminary Ruling Procedure
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IV. When Does the ECJ Have Jurisdiction to Give a Ruling?
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V. The Request for a Preliminary Ruling
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VI. A Single Judicial System
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625–658
Distant Strangers and Standing in Polisario
Aravind Ganesh
Aravind Ganesh
625–658
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I. Introduction
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II. Standing under EU law
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A. Legal effects
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B. Direct and Individual Concern
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C. Does the EU create legal effects extraterritorially?
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III. The Polisario Decisions and Opinion
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A. The General Court Decision
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B. Before the CJEU
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IV. Legal Effects, Authority, and Individual Sahrawis
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A. Legal Effects and the Fiduciary Nature of Authority
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B. The Relative Effect of Treaties Revisited
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V. Conclusion: A gap in the complete system of remedies
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659–694
Unravelling Attribution, Control and Jurisdiction: Some Reflections on the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights
Remy Jorritsma
Remy Jorritsma
659–694
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I. Introduction
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II. In Search of a Sound Methodology for the Determination of State Responsibility in Extraterritorial Situations
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III. Jurisdiction of the European Court of Human Rights
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IV. Attribution of Conduct to a State
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V. Jurisdiction of the State under Article 1 of the Convention
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A. The Principle of Territoriality: Scope and Exceptions
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B. State Jurisdiction under the Personal Model
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C. State Jurisdiction under the Territorial Model
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1. Northern Cyprus
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2. Transnistria
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3. Nagorno-Karabakh and Surrounding Districts
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VI. The Function of Attribution Rules in Determining State Responsibility under the Convention
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VII. Conclusion
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695–724
The Lack of Effective Remedies at the European Court of Human Rights after Opinion 2/13
Dalia Palombo
Dalia Palombo
695–724
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I. Introduction
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II. The European Union and the European Convention on Human Rights
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III. The General Framework
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A. The Responsibility of Member States for the Conduct of International Organisations
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B. Human Rights Negative and Positive Obligations
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IV. The Responsibility of Member States for EU Conduct
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A. Double Actions
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1. Bosphorus
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2. Michaud
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3. Avotins
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B. Combined Action and Failure to Act
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C. Double Failures to Act
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V. Conclusion
Details
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International Law and Litigation , page 271 - 300
Cyber Espionage in Inter-State Litigation
Autoren
Marco Benatar
DOI
doi.org/10.5771/9783845299051-271
ISBN print: 978-3-8487-5742-8
ISBN online: 978-3-8452-9905-1
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