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Humanitarian Admission to Europe / 4 The Revolving Doors of the Rule of Law
Humanitarian Admission to Europe / 4 The Revolving Doors of the Rule of Law
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1–10
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
1–10
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11–46
Introduction: Humanitarian Admission to Europe. From Policy Developments to Legal Controversies and Litigation
11–46
11–13
Introduction
11–13
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14–26
1 Policy Developments Towards Humanitarian Admission to Europe
14–26
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1.1 From ‘Legal Avenues’ and ‘Safe Pathways’, to ‘Humanitarian Visas’ and other ‘Protected Entry Procedures’
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1.2 Policy Developments at EU Level. A Focus on Resettlement
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27–31
2 Litigation for Humanitarian Admission to Europe
27–31
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32–38
3 A Cautious and Reserved Judicial Intervention
32–38
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3.1 The CJEU Invoking the Limits to its Competence of Judicial Review
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3.2. Some Limits to the Intervention of Courts in Policy Debates on Humanitarian admission to Europe
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39–42
4 The Revolving Doors of the Rule of Law
39–42
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43–46
5 The Law Between Promises and Constraints
43–46
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47–154
Part 1. Humanitarian Admission Under International and EU Law. The Right to Asylum and its Paradoxes
47–154
47–76
Chapter 1: Humanitarian Admission Under Universal Human Rights Law: Some Observations Regarding the International Covenants
Dirk Hanschel
Dirk Hanschel
47–76
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Introduction
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1 A Major Discrepancy Between Moral Claim and Legal Reality
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2 Observations
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2.1 The Scope of Human Rights - Territory, Jurisdiction and Beyond?
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2.2 Extraterritorial Jurisdiction According to the ICCPR and the ICESCR
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2.2.1 The Standard of the ICCPR
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2.2.2 The Standard of the ICESCR
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2.3 The Exercise of Jurisdiction and Resulting Human Rights Obligations in Embassies
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2.4 Inside Jurisdiction and/or Territory, but Outside Full Human Rights Protection
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Conclusion and Outlook
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77–114
Chapter 2: Humanitarian Admission and the Charter of Fundamental Rights
Stephanie Law
Stephanie Law
77–114
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Introduction
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Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Plight of the Syrian Family and the Externalisation of Border Control by the EU
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The Common European Asylum System (CEAS)
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Schengen and the EU Legal Framework on Visas
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Protected Entry Procedures and Humanitarian Visas
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The Problem of the ‘Foot in the Door’ to the EU
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The Situation of the Syrian Family
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The ECJ’s Interpretation of EU Law
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The Application of the EU Fundamental Rights Framework to Humanitarian Visas
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The Political Questions: Policy and Legislative Discussions at the EU Level
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Conclusion
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115–154
Chapter 3: Is Access to Asylum the Same as Access to Justice?
Sylvie Sarolea
Sylvie Sarolea
115–154
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Introduction
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1. The Setting of the Play: The Right of Asylum, a Right ‘of the Foot in the Door’
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2. The Need for Legal Avenues
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3. X & X: Does EU LAW require EU States to Open Legal Avenues for Asylum Seekers?
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4. A Right Understanding of the Visa Code?
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4.1 The text
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4.2 The Inconstancy of the Criteria of Intention
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4.3 The Forgotten Possibility for a Prolongation
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5. Scope of Application of EU Asylum Law
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6. Consequences on the Application of the EU Charter
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7. The scope of territorial jurisdiction of the European Convention of Human Rights
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8. Access to Justice and the Criteria of the Availability of an Alternative
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9. Bridging the Gaps in Access to Justice: the Global Compact for Refugees
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155–238
Part 2. Humanitarian Admission Under Domestic Law. Between Formalised Procedures and Informal Practices
155–238
155–198
Chapter 4: Humanitarian Admission to Italy through Humanitarian Visas and Corridors
Katia Bianchini
Katia Bianchini
155–198
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1 Introduction
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2 Humanitarian corridors for beneficiaries of protection
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2.1 Legal basis of the humanitarian corridors
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2.2 The MoUs for the humanitarian corridors: signatories, selection of countries and number of humanitarian visas
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2.3 The process of identification and selection of beneficiaries for the humanitarian corridors
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2.4 Criteria to identify the beneficiaries
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2.4.1 ‘Vulnerability’
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2.4.2 Integration in Italy and avoidance of secondary movements
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2.5 Reception of beneficiaries: legal status and support provided after arrival
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2.6 Perspectives for enhancement and replication of the humanitarian corridors in other countries
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2.7 Shortcomings
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3 Other uses of humanitarian visas and instances of ad-hoc entry measures
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4 Value of a common EU framework on protection entries
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4.1. The debate on the need of EU legislation on protected entries
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4.2. Recommendations for the adoption of common legislation on humanitarian visas
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4.2.1 Subjective right
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4.2.2 Procedural guarantees
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5 Conclusion
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Appendix
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199–224
Chapter 5: Humanitarian Admission to Germany – Access vs. Rights ?
Pauline Endres de Oliveira
Pauline Endres de Oliveira
199–224
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6.1 Introduction
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6.2 Admission in exceptional individual cases
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6.3 Quota-based admission at federal level: Ad hoc schemes for individuals fleeing Syria
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6.3.1 HAP Syria 1 – 3: Procedure and beneficiaries
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6.3.2 Admissions on the basis of the EU-Turkey-Statement: HAP Turkey
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6.4 Humanitarian admission schemes at Länder level
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6.4.1 Private sponsorship programmes for relatives of Syrian nationals in Germany
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6.4.2 Controversies raised by private sponsorship: Duration of financial commitments
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6.5 The German resettlement programme
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6.5.1 Beneficiaries of resettlement
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6.5.2 Resettlement procedures
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6.5.3 Germany’s commitment to the EU resettlement programme: A game of numbers
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6.6 Combining resettlement with community sponsorship: The NesT-Programme
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6.6.1 The mentorship scheme as novelty to resettlement
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6.6.2 NesT – Weak resettlement or improved private-sponsorship?
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6.7 Access vs. rights?
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6.7.1 The quality of protection and the method of arrival
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6.7.1.1 Reception and place of residence
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6.7.1.2 Duration of stay and options of permanent settlement
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6.7.1.3 Access to work, social benefits and language courses
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6.7.1.4 The travel document as ‘Achilles heel’ of resettlement refugee status
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6.7.2 The changing laws and policies regarding family reunification
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6.7.2.1 Family reunification depends on the method of arrival
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6.7.2.2 Family reunification depends on the time of arrival: The changing laws and policies regarding beneficiaries of subsidiary protection
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6.8 Conclusion
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225–238
Chapter 6: Humanitarian Admission to Belgium
Serge Bodart
Serge Bodart
225–238
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Introduction
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1 The Legislation
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2 The Administrative Practices and Case Law
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Conclusion: The Pending Questions
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239–282
Part 3. Claiming Humanitarian Admission. Survival Strategies and Litigation Attempts
239–282
239–270
Chapter 7: Unpacking Vulnerability: An Ethnographic Account of the Challenges of Implementing Resettlement Programmes in a Refugee Camp in Uganda
Sophie Nakueira
Sophie Nakueira
239–270
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Introduction
Details
1 A Word on Method
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2 Problematising Vulnerability
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2.1 Conforming to Vulnerability Categories
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2.2 Multiplying Soft Law Regimes
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3 Unpacking UNHCR’s Categories of Vulnerability
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3.1 Dependency on aid system
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3.2 Climate Change
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3.3 Economic Dimension
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3.4 Poor Infrastructure
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3.5 Contested Concept of ‘Family’
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3.6 Conflict of Interest in the Provision of Aid Services
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3.7 The Exercise of Discretion by Aid Agencies
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4 Escaping Vulnerability: Survival Strategies
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Conclusion
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271–282
Chapter 8: Making the Case X&X for the Humanitarian Visa
Tristan Wibault
Tristan Wibault
271–282
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283–371
Part 4. Some Future Prospects on Humanitarian Admission to Europe
283–371
283–340
Chapter 9: The Objective of Resettlement in an EU Constitutional Perspective
Catharina Ziebritzki
Catharina Ziebritzki
283–340
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Introduction
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1. The emerging EU resettlement law
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1.1. Emphasis on resettlement in the context of crisis
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1.2. Elements of the emerging EU resettlement law
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2. The controversies on the objective of resettlement
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2.1. Towards replacing territorial asylum procedures?
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2.2. Towards externalising responsibility?
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3. The constitutional objective of resettlement
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3.1. Resettlement as a component of the Common European Asylum System
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3.2. Objective I: Providing international protection
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3.3. Objective II: Complementing territorial asylum procedures
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3.4. Objective III: Sharing international responsibility
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Conclusion
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341–366
Chapter 10: EU Initiatives on a European Humanitarian Visa
Eugenia Relaño Pastor
Eugenia Relaño Pastor
341–366
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1. Introduction
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2. The concept of humanitarian visas within the EU Legal framework
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2.1 What do we mean by humanitarian visa?
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2.2. Humanitarian visas and EU fundamental rights
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3. Current Regulatory Framework
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4. For a comprehensive approach to humanitarian visas: EU Parliament vs. European Commission and Council
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4.1 From the Treaty of Amsterdam to the Stockholm Programme
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4.2. From the Stockholm Programme to the migration crisis
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4.3 The LIBE Committee´s legislative own-initiative report
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5. Some concluding observations
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367–371
Conclusion: The Role of the Judge in Controlling the Genuine Enjoyment of the Substance of the Rights
Jean-Yves Carlier
Jean-Yves Carlier
367–371
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The Long-term Path: Visa Facilitation and Suppression
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The Short-term Path: Judicial Control
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Humanitarian Admission to Europe , page 39 - 42
4 The Revolving Doors of the Rule of Law
Autoren
Marie-Claire Foblets (Ed.)
Luc Leboeuf (Ed.)
DOI
doi.org/10.5771/9783845298603-39
ISBN print: 978-3-8487-5730-5
ISBN online: 978-3-8452-9860-3
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