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The Role of the Patent System in Stimulating Innovation and Technology Transfer for Climate Change / Agenda 21 (1992)
The Role of the Patent System in Stimulating Innovation and Technology Transfer for Climate Change / Agenda 21 (1992)
Contents
Chapter
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Page
2–7
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
2–7
Details
8–12
Abstract
8–12
Details
13–14
I. Introduction
13–14
13–13
A. Connecting IP with Climate Change
13–13
Details
B. Purpose of Research
Details
15–20
II. Defining Green Technology
15–20
A. Green Technology
15–16
1. What is Green Technology?
15–16
Details
16–18
2. Facts and Trends in Green Patent Filing
16–18
Details
18–20
3. Increasing Investment and Technology Transfer
18–20
Details
21–32
III. Background: International Legal Framework for Climate Change
21–32
21–27
A. Green Technology Innovation and Diffusion under International Law
21–27
21–21
1. Declaration of the UN Conference on the Human Environment (1972)
21–21
Details
21–21
2. Agenda 21 (1992)
21–21
Details
21–22
3. Convention on Biological Diversity (1993)
21–22
Details
22–26
4. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (1994)
22–26
Details
a) Responsibility for Vulnerable Countries
Details
b) Push Factors
Details
c) Expert Group on Transfer of Technology
Details
d) Bali Action Plan and Technology Transfer
Details
e) Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action
Details
26–26
5. UN Convention to Combat Desertification (1996)
26–26
Details
26–27
6. Kyoto Protocol (1997)
26–27
Details
27–32
B. Compatibility with TRIPS Flexibilities
27–32
27–27
1. Technology Transfer Obligation under TRIPS Articles 7, 8(1) and 66(2)
27–27
Details
27–29
2. Exceptions to Rights under TRIPS Article 30
27–29
Details
29–32
3. Compulsory Licensing under TRIPS and Beyond
29–32
Details
a) For Public Health
Details
b) For Climate Change?
Details
33–56
IV. Role of the Patent System
33–56
33–41
A. Role of Patent Law
33–41
33–36
1. TRIPS Article 27(2) and Ordre Public
33–36
Details
36–38
2. Business Method Patents: Bilski and Carbon Trading Inventions
36–38
Details
38–39
3. Novelty and ‘Green’ Indication of a Known Substance
38–39
Details
39–40
4. Non-obviousness: KSR and Green Technology
39–40
Details
40–41
5. ‘Greenness’ and Utility Requirements
40–41
Details
41–56
B. Role of Patent Policy
41–56
Details
1. Activities by WIPO and Patent Offices
Details
a) World Intellectual Property Organization
Details
(1) Patent Cooperation Treaty
Details
(2) Patent Classification: Catchword Index for Environmentally Sound Technology
Details
(3) WIPO Development Agenda and Climate Change
Details
b) Fast-tracking Services
Details
(1) UK Intellectual Property Office: Green Channel
Details
(2) USPTO: Green Technology Pilot Program
Details
(3) Preferential Treatment for Patenting Green Inventions
Details
(a) Benefits of Early Patenting
Details
(b) Non-discrimination under TRIPS Article 27(1)
Details
(c) Alternative: Verifying ‘Greenness’ Independent from Patent Grant
Details
c) Information Services
Details
(1) European Patent Office
Details
(a) Patents and Clean Energy Project
Details
(b) Classification Scheme for Clean Energy Technologies
Details
(2) Opportunities Provided by Patent Information
Details
(3) Licensing Best Practices
Details
57–64
V. Green Technology Transfer and IP
57–64
57–60
A. Initiatives by IP Communities
57–60
57–58
1. Eco-Patent Commons
57–58
Details
58–59
2. Japan Intellectual Property Association Proposal
58–59
Details
59–60
3. Open Innovation: GreenXchange
59–60
Details
60–64
B. IP Issues in Green Technology Transfer
60–64
60–61
1. Effects of Non-assertion Commitments
60–61
Details
61–62
2. IP Ownership in R&D Collaboration
61–62
Details
62–64
3. Financing Innovation and Patenting Costs
62–64
Details
65–76
VI. Balancing IP and Competition
65–76
65–68
A. Patent Litigation and Developments in Law and Practices
65–68
65–67
1. GE’s ’039 Patent
65–67
Details
67–68
2. Patent Law and Practices
67–68
Details
68–76
B. Standardization and Patent Pooling
68–76
68–69
1. Green Technology Standards and Patent Pools
68–69
Details
69–70
2. The Unocal Case: Abuse in Law of Environmental Standards
69–70
Details
70–76
3. Green Technology Standards and IP Policies
70–76
Details
77–78
VII. Conclusion
77–78
Details
79–90
List of Works Cited
79–90
Details
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The Role of the Patent System in Stimulating Innovation and Technology Transfer for Climate Change , page 21 - 21
Agenda 21 (1992)
Autoren
Hee-Eun Kim
DOI
doi.org/10.5771/9783845234472-21-1
ISBN print: 978-3-8329-6522-8
ISBN online: 978-3-8452-3447-2
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