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Rights of Alleged Victims in Penal Proceedings / A Crime Victim Rights Framework in the USA
Rights of Alleged Victims in Penal Proceedings / A Crime Victim Rights Framework in the USA
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1–8
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
1–8
Details
9–18
The Rights of Alleged Victims in Penal Proceedings
9–18
Details
Introduction to a Seminar
1. The Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors
2. A Seminar on Rights of Alleged Victims
3. Participants – Working Method
4. The Content of the Seminar
5. The Outcome
6. The Current Publication
7. Gratitude
19–38
The Rights of Alleged Victims in Canonical Penal Procedures
19–38
Details
Current Penal Procedural Canon Law
1. Limitations Concerning the Subject of the Article
2. Some Premises
3. Penal Action
4. The Victim in the Penal Process
A. Introduction of the Case for Damages Suffered
B. Intervention by the Victim in the Penal Process
5. The Procedural Position of the Victim Who Does Not Constitute a Civil Party in the Penal Action
6. The Procedural Position of a Victim Facing an Administrative Penal Process
7. Particular Issues
A. Damage Reparation in Canon Law
B. Resolving the Issue of Damages Prior to the Penal Process
C. Denial of the Damages Trial that is not Related to the Penal Trial
D. The Victim's Access to Legal Aid as a Civil Party in the Penal Process
E. The Summons to Court of the Party or Parties Required for the Reparation of Damages
8. Points of Discussion Following the Exposition
39–52
The Rights of the Victims: International Standards and the Need of a Holistic Approach
39–52
Details
1. Introduction
2. The Role of the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Promotion of Truth, Justice, Reparations and Guarantees of Non-Recurrence in Relation to Abuses Perpetrated in Catholic Institutions
3. Victims' Rights in Cases of Large-Scale or Systematic Violations of International Human Rights Law and International Humanitarian Law
4. International Standards Regarding Criminal Proceedings for the Prosecution and Sanction of Victims’ Human Rights Violations
5. Some Recommendations of Good Practices that, if Followed, Effectively Ensure the Rights of Victims of Abuse Within a Religious Area or Space
6. Concluding Remarks
53–82
Rights of Alleged Victims in Penal Procedures in the Philippines
53–82
Details
1. Introduction
2. Philippine Laws on Children
A. 1987 Constitution
B. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
C. Republic Act No. 7610 and Similar Legislation
D. Essential Definitions
3. Government Efforts to Protect Children: An Overview
A. Committee for the Protection of Children
B. Protocol for Case Management of Child Victims of Abuse, Neglect and Exploitation
4. Stages of a Child Abuse Case: Frequently Asked Questions
A. Who Can Report a Case of Child Abuse?
B. Where to Report?
C. What Happens After a Child Abuse Case is Reported?
D. Who Can File a Case of Child Abuse?
E. What Happens when the Alleged Child Victim Files the Case upon Reaching the Age of Majority?
F. Should the Child be Separated from his/her Parents?
G. Can the Alleged Victim Appeal the Court’s Decision?
H. How Can the Victim Recover Damages in a Criminal Case?
I. What Happens if Both the Victim and Perpetrator are in Different Jurisdictions?
a. Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters
b. Extradition Treaties
J. What if the Child Refuses to Undergo a Legal Process?
K. Can a State Investigation into a Child Abuse Case be Replaced by a Church Investigation?
5. How the Child is Protected Throughout the Penal Process
A. Before Trial
a. Videotaped and Audio Taped in-depth Investigation or Disclosure Interviews
B. During the Trial
C. After Trial
a. Multidisciplinary Approach
6. Conclusion and Recommendation
83–118
Rights of Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse in Criminal Proceedings in Australia
83–118
Details
1. The Australian Criminal Justice Process
2. The Rights of Child Sexual Abuse Survivors in Australia
A. Achieving a Trauma-informed Criminal Justice Process
B. The Role of Commissioners of Victims’ Rights in Criminal Proceedings
C. Initiating Criminal Proceedings in Cases of Child Sexual Abuse
D. Mandatory Reporting of Child Sexual Abuse
3. Rights of Complainants during Investigation and Referral for Prosecution
A. Types of Prohibited Child Sexual Abuse Offences
B. Persistent Child Sexual Abuse
C. Investigation of Sexual Abuse Allegations
D. Witness Assistance Service Officers
E. Special Measures for Child Sexual Abuse Complainants
F. Witness Intermediaries
G. Charge Resolution
4. Rights of Child Sexual Abuse Survivors at Trial
A. Trial by Jury or Judge Alone
B. Joint Trials of Multiple Complainants against a Single Defendant
C. Specialist Jurisdiction for Trials of Child Sexual Abuse
D. Pre-recording Special Hearings to Cross-Examine CSA Complainants
E. Forensic Expert Evaluations of Children’s Evidence in Child Sexual Abuse Cases
F. Jury Directions in Child Sexual Abuse Trials
G. Case Study: The Trial of Cardinal Pell
H. Standards of Proof in Criminal Trials
5. Post-trial Rights of Child Sexual Abuse Survivors
A. Access to Decisions by Prosecutors and Courts and Rights of Review
B. Participation of Child Sexual Abuse Survivors in Sentencing Procedures
6. Rights of Child Sexual Abuse Survivors to Restoration of Damage
7. Conclusions
119–150
A Crime Victim Rights Framework in the USA
119–150
Details
1. Introduction
2. A Brief History of Victims’ Rights in America
3. Basic Crime Victims’ Rights Framework
Threshold Issues
A. Definition of “Victim”
B. Responsibilities
C. Limitations
I. Victims’ Rights
1) The Right to Be Reasonably Protected From the Accused
2) Right to reasonable, accurate, and timely notice of any public court proceeding or any parole proceeding involving the crime or any release or escape of the accused.
3) The right not to be excluded from any such public court proceeding, unless the court, after receiving clear and convincing evidence, determines that testimony by the victim would be materially alte...
4) The right to be reasonably heard at any public proceeding in the district court involving release, plea, sentencing, or any parole proceeding.
5) The reasonable right to confer with the attorney for the Government in the case.
6) The right to full and timely restitution, as provided in law.
7) Right to Proceedings Free From Unreasonable Delay
8) The right to be treated with fairness and with respect for the victim’s dignity and privacy.
9) The right to be informed in a timely manner of any plea bargain or deferred prosecution agreement.
10) The right to be informed of the rights under this section and the services described in section 503(c) of the Victims’ Rights and Restitution Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 10607(c)) [1] and provided cont...
4. Enforcement
5. Additional Models
6. Conclusion
151–204
Rights of Alleged Victims in Penal Procedures in Spain
151–204
Details
1. Introduction
2. The Convention on the Rights of the Child and Other International Treaties: Enforceable Standards
a) Right to non-discrimination
b) Right to be heard and to participate in the process
c) The right to have as few appearances as possible
d) Right to be treated with dignity and understanding
e) Right to effective assistance
f) Right to privacy
g) The right to safety and to special preventive measures for child victims or witnesses who are particularly vulnerable to repeated victimisation or abuse
h) Right to a speedy trial
i) Right to reparation
j) The right to have his best interests be a primary consideration in any action concerning him and its compatibility with the rights of the accused
k) The necessary specialisation in childhood for the operators involved in the procedure
3. Spanish Law: Organic Law 8/2021 On the Integral Protection of Children and Adolescents Against Violence
1) How does the judicial system differentiate between the alleged victim who is still a minor at the time of the complaint and the adult who files the complaint of having been abused as a minor?
2) What provisions exist for minors to file a complaint a) personally, b) through a parent or c) through a guardian and/or advocate?
3) Are there any special rules on mandatory reporting?
4) Can parents prevent their minor children from testifying in criminal proceedings concerning their own abuse?
5) What provisions exist for victims to participate in a trial through a lawyer or attorney?
6) To what extent are alleged victims entitled to have access to information at the various stages of the different criminal and/or disciplinary proceedings?
7) What provisions exist for listening to a minor?
8) What role and authority do forensic experts have in evaluating their testimony?
9) To what extent do alleged victims have the right to present evidence at the various stages of the different criminal and/or disciplinary proceedings?
10) Do the alleged victims have access and/or the right to receive a copy of the full judgement/decision?
11) Can the alleged victims, in one way or another, appeal the court decision?
12) To what extent do criminal and disciplinary issues coincide with claims for damages and how does this play out procedurally in the different proceedings?
13) A special point of attention is the physical (and cultural) distance between the alleged victim (anywhere in the world) and the court (in Rome). Is there any provision in Spanish law on how to sol...
14) Is there a role for an office such as the child/victim advocate to ensure the exercise of his/her rights in criminal matters?
15) What role can/should secondary victims play in different types of proceedings?
16) The necessary specialisation in childhood for the operators involved in the procedure
4. Possible Application to Canon Law
a) Full respect for the child's right to report and to be treated with dignity and respect with the assistance of a victim assistance office.
b) Full respect for the right of the child to be heard, to participate if he/she so wishes in the process, avoiding his/her revictimisation through the use of pre-constituted evidence, with full guara...
c) The need for specialised training for all those involved in the procedure.
5. Assistance and Rights During Penal Procedures in Spain for Persons of Legal Age Who Report Having Been Victims as Minors
A. Concept of Assistance to Victims of Crime: Developments
B. Victims’ Rights
a. Right to protection
b. Right to information
c. Right to support, assistance and care
d. Right to active participation in the penal procedure
6. Conclusion / Final Reflection
205–216
Rights of Alleged Victims in Penal Procedures in Argentina and Current Approach to Victims’ Rights in Canon Law
205–216
Details
1. Introduction: A Change of Logic
2. Towards a Legal Status for Victims
3. The 2005 United Nations Documents
4. Victims’ Rights in Argentine Law
5. The Efforts of Canon Law
217–234
The Rights of Alleged Victims in Penal Procedures in France
217–234
Details
1. Context
2. General Presentation of the French Criminal System
3. General Presentation of Victims’ Rights in French Criminal Procedure
A. Rights Common to All Alleged Victims
a. Right to Information, Support and Protection
Information
Support
Protection
b. Right to Participation
Right of action
The constitution of a civil party
Action for damages
Who can claim to be a victim?
c. Right to Reparation
Compensation
Restorative justice
B. Specific Rights for Minor Victims
a. Detection of Offences Committed Against Minors.
b. Specific Provisions Applicable to the Minor Victim During Criminal Proceedings.
235–242
Rights of Alleged Victims in Criminal Proceedings in Italy, with Reference to Canon Law
235–242
Details
1. Introduction
2. Differences Between the Italian Legal System and the Canonical System
A. The Victim
B. Damages
C. Extended Notion of Victim
D. The Sequence of the Processes
E. The Principle ne bis in idem
3. State and Church in the Fight Against Abuse: First Results
243–260
The Rights of (Minor) Victims of Sexual Violence in German Criminal Procedure
243–260
Details
1. The Development of Victim Rights in German Procedural Law
2. Adhesion Proceedings and Private Accessory Prosecution as Legal Institutions
A. Private Accessory Prosecution
B. Adhesion Proceedings
3. The Legal Position of (Minor) Victims of Sexual Violence in Criminal Trials
A. Right to Bring a Criminal Charge as a (Minor) Victim of Sexual Violence
B. Proceedings to Compel Public Charges
C. Access to Information Relevant to the Criminal Process and the Laws of Evidence
D. Other Extensive Procedural Rights of the Private Accessory Prosecutor
E. Legal Remedies for (Minor) Victims of Sexual Violence
F. The Representation of (Minor) Victims of Sexual Violence in Criminal Proceedings
a. Representation of the (Minor) Victim in the Role of a Witness
b. Representation of the (Minor) Victim in the Role of a Private Accessory Prosecutor
c. Representation of the (Minor) Victim Not Entitled to Private Accessory Prosecution
d. Additional Means of Support for (Minor) Victims of Sexual Violence in Criminal Proceedings
4. (Minor) Victims of Sexual Violence as Witnesses in Criminal Proceedings
5. Statute of Limitations as a Strengthening of the Legal Position of (Minor) Victims of sexual violence
6. Reporting Obligations in Protecting (Minor) Victims of Sexual Violence
7. Victim Rights in Disciplinary Proceedings
8. Conclusion
261–286
Polish Criminal Procedure in Respect of Sexual Offences Against Minors
261–286
Details
1. Introduction
2. Sexual Offences against Minors in Polish Criminal Law
3. Reporting a Crime and Initiation of Proceedings
4. Rights and Obligations of the Victim in Criminal Proceedings
5. Interrogation of the Victim or Witness
6. Appellate Remedies – Challenging the Decision
7. Child’s Rights Ombudsperson in Criminal Proceedings
8. Conclusion
287–308
The Position of Alleged Victims in the Canonical Penal Process
287–308
Details
1. Introduction
2. Avoid causing damage to victims because of the penal procedures
3. Solicitation: Sexual Abuse and Sacramental Confession
4. Accompanying the Victim from A Church Perspective
5. Victims’ Rights in the Criminal Justice System of the USA and their Application in Canon Law
6. Examination of the Victim in the Penal Process
7. The Victim as a Necessary Person in the Process
309–322
With Dignity and Respect: How Victims May Participate in Canonical Proceedings – Reflections on a Seminar by a Practising Canon Lawyer in Penal Matters
309–322
Details
1. Introduction
2. The Terminology of Victim
3. Fundamental Rights
4. Rights Expressed in International Treaties
5. Current Canonical Insights
6. Looking Ahead
323–343
Quo vadis? Canonical Reflections on the Rights of Alleged Victims in Canonical Procedures
323–343
Details
1. Introduction
2. The Framework: Accompaniment because of a Duty to Care
3. The Scope of the Canonical Penal Procedures
4. Rights of Victims – a procurator partis laesae
5. Specified Training for Professionals in Canonical Penal Procedures
6. A Dialogue between the Different Judicial Systems
7. Quo vadis? A “task force” and an Instruction
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Rights of Alleged Victims in Penal Proceedings , page 119 - 150
A Crime Victim Rights Framework in the USA
Autoren
Charles J. Scicluna (Ed.)
Myriam Wijlens (Ed.)
DOI
doi.org/10.5771/9783748936169-119
ISBN print: 978-3-7560-0037-1
ISBN online: 978-3-7489-3616-9
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doi.org/10.5771/9783748936169-119
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