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Merger Regulation in Eastern and Southern Africa / 1 Introduction
Merger Regulation in Eastern and Southern Africa / 1 Introduction
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1–14
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
1–14
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15–23
1 Introduction
15–23
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1.1 Sub-Saharan Africa Competition Policy in Perspective
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1.2 Policy Objectives of Merger Regulation
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1.3 Research Objectives and Questions
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1.4 Structure of the Thesis and Methodology
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24–101
2 Competition Policy in Eastern and Southern Africa
24–101
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2.1 Introduction
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2.2 The National Context
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2.2.1 Kenya
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2.2.2 Zambia
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2.2.3 Zimbabwe
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2.2.4 Tanzania
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2.2.5 Mauritius
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2.2.6 Malawi
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2.2.7 Botswana
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2.2.8 Seychelles
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2.2.9 Namibia
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2.2.10 Summary
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2.3 The Regional Context
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2.3.1 Introduction
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2.3.2 The Regional Economic Communities
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2.3.2.1 COMESA
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2.3.2.2 EAC
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2.3.2.3 SADC
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2.3.2.4 The overlaps challenge
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2.3.3 The EAC-COMESA-SADC Tripartite
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2.3.3.1 Background
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2.3.3.2 The Tripartite FTA Agreement
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2.3.4 The Continental Free Trade Area
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2.3.5 Summary
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2.4 The Competition Policy Perspective
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2.4.1 Introduction
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2.4.2 The Birth of Antitrust in the United States
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2.4.3 The European Union
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2.4.4 Eastern and Southern Africa
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2.4.4.1 National Perspective
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2.4.4.2 The Case of South Africa
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2.4.4.3 Regional perspective
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2.4.5 Competition policy objectives
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2.4.5.1 Economic development
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2.4.5.1.1 Economic Statistics
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2.4.5.1.1.1 Foreign Direct Investment
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2.4.5.1.1.2 Cross-border M&A
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2.4.5.1.2 Summary
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2.6 Conclusion
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102–323
3 The Merger Regulation Landscape
102–323
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3.1 Efforts towards a multilateral regime
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3.1.1 The Havana Charter
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3.1.2 The WTO Initiatives
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3.1.3 The United Nations Restrictive Business Practices Code
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3.1.4 Efforts to foster legal convergence
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3.2 The Merger Review Procedure
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3.2.1 Introduction
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3.2.2 Defining concentration
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3.2.2.1 The concept of control
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3.2.2.1.1 Assessment of Joint Ventures
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3.2.2.3 The ESA Perspective
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3.2.2.3.1 The assessment of joint ventures in ESA
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3.2.3 Notification Thresholds
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3.2.3.1 The European Union
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3.2.3.2 The United States
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3.2.3.3 South Africa
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3.2.3.4 The United Kingdom
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3.2.3.5 Eastern and Southern Africa
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3.2.4 Merger Assessment Process
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3.2.4.1 The European Union
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3.2.4.1.1 The Case Referral system
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3.2.4.1.2 Procedure for Notification
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3.2.4.2 The United States
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3.2.4.3 South Africa
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3.2.4.4 The United Kingdom
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3.2.4.5 Eastern and Southern Africa
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3.2.4.5.1 Pre-Notification Guidance
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3.2.4.5.2 COMESA Case Referral System
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3.2.4.5.3 Procedure for Notification
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3.2.4.5.4 Confidential Information
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3.2.4.5.5 Final Determination
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3.2.5 Market Definition
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3.2.5.1 Role of Market Definition in Merger Control
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3.2.5.2 The Concept of Substitutability
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3.2.5.3 Determining substitutability: The Hypothetical Monopolist Test
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3.2.5.4 Challenges to market definition
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3.2.5.5 The ESA Perspective
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3.2.6 The Substantive Test
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3.2.6.1 The United States
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3.2.6.2 The European Union
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3.2.6.3 South Africa
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3.2.6.4 The Competition Tests from the Eastern and Southern Africa Perspective
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3.2.6.4.1 Substantial Lessening of Competition
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3.2.6.4.1.1 Analytical approach
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3.2.6.4.1.2 Case Studies
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3.2.6.4.2 Creation or Strengthening of a dominant position
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3.2.6.4.2.1 Analytical approach in Tanzania
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3.2.6.4.2.2 Case Studies
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3.2.6.4.3 Hybrid test
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3.2.6.4.3.1 Analytical approach
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3.2.6.4.3.2 Case Studies
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3.2.6.4.4 Observations from the case studies
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3.2.7 Efficiencies
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3.2.7.1 Economic efficiency, consumer welfare and total welfare
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3.2.7.2 Efficiency Defence in Merger Regulation
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3.2.7.3 Efficiencies in the ESA Context
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3.2.8 The Public Interest Assessment
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3.2.8.1 South Africa
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3.2.8.1.1 Employment
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3.2.8.1.2 Competitiveness of small businesses
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3.2.8.1.3 Impact on particular industrial sector or region
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3.2.8.1.4 International competitiveness of national industries
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3.2.8.1.5 National Security
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3.2.8.2 The ESA Jurisdictions
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3.2.8.2.1 Public Interest in the Laws
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3.2.8.2.2 Implications of the public interest considerations
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3.2.8.2.3 Public Interest in merger cases
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3.2.9 Remedies and Enforcement
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3.2.9.1 Negotiated Solutions
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3.2.9.2 Structural Remedies
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3.2.9.3 Behavioural Remedies
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3.2.9.4 The ESA Remedies Approach
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3.2.9.5 Enforcement
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3.2.10 The optimal merger review process for ESA
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3.2.10.1 Introduction
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3.2.10.2 Defining Mergers
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3.2.10.3 Options for notification
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3.2.10.4 Notification and review
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3.2.10.4.1 Nexus with the jurisdiction
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3.2.10.4.2 Notification threshold
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3.2.10.4.3 Review
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3.2.10.5 The gap in the dominance test
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3.2.10.6 The ESA Perspective on the Competition Test
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3.2.10.7 Public interest considerations
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3.2.10.8 Choice of remedies
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3.2.10.9 Conclusion
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3.2.10.9.1 The procedural approach
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3.2.10.9.2 The substantive approach
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3.3 Extraterritoriality
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3.3.1 Introduction
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3.3.2 The Merger Regulation Context
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3.3.3 Experience in the EU, the US, South Africa and Eastern and Southern Africa
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3.3.3.1 The United States
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3.3.3.2 The European Union
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3.3.3.3 South Africa
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3.3.3.4 Experience in the ESA Jurisdictions
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3.4 Comity and Cooperation
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3.4.1 European Union and United States
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3.4.2 South Africa
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3.4.3 Eastern and Southern Africa
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3.4.4 Conclusion
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3.5 Institutional design
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3.5.1 Introduction
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3.5.2 Institutional Structure
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3.5.3 Institutional Independence
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3.5.3.1 Appointments
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3.5.3.2 Funding
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3.5.3.3 Autonomy
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3.5.4 Other factors
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3.5.5 Conclusion
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324–334
4 Conclusions and Recommendations
324–334
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4.1 Procedural Merger Regulation
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4.1.1 Classification of mergers
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4.1.2 Notification thresholds
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4.1.3 Notification system
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4.1.4 Review
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4.2 Substantive Merger Regulation
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4.3 Extraterritoriality and Comity
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4.4 Institutional Design
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4.5 Conclusion
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335–338
Annex
335–338
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339–368
Bibliography
339–368
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Merger Regulation in Eastern and Southern Africa , page 15 - 23
1 Introduction
Autoren
Vincent Angwenyi
DOI
doi.org/10.5771/9783748927013-15
ISBN print: 978-3-8487-8311-3
ISBN online: 978-3-7489-2701-3
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