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East Meets West / Part 4: Developing Mutual Legal Assistance between and within the ASEAN and the EU
East Meets West / Part 4: Developing Mutual Legal Assistance between and within the ASEAN and the EU
Contents
Chapter
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Page
1–30
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
1–30
Details
31–49
Introduction
31–49
Details
I. Background of the Study
Details
A. Towards a Strategic Partnership between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (“ASEAN”) and the European Union (“EU”)
Details
B. Long-Standing Relationship between the ASEAN and the EU
Details
II. Objectives of the Study
Details
III. Methodology
Details
A. Regional-level analysis
Details
B. Member state level analysis
Details
1. Selection of member state samples
Details
2. Historical development, legal framework, and implementation
Details
C. Comparison of the Regional Frameworks with their respective Member State Frameworks
Details
D. Comparison and Contrast of ASEAN and EU Frameworks
Details
E. Evaluation, Analysis, and Anticipation; Lessons learned
Details
IV. Structure of the Study
Details
50–306
Part 1: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
50–306
Details
I. Regional Framework
Details
A. Historical Development
Details
1. From Early Southeast Asia to Modern Southeast Asia
Details
a. Early Southeast Asia
Details
b. Building empires and colonies: East-West Relationship
Details
c. The Times of War
Details
d. New challenges while paving avenues for regional cooperation
Details
2. Historical Development of the ASEAN
Details
a. Consolidation Stage
Details
b. Expansion Stage
Details
c. Reconsolidation Stage
Details
B. Present Institutional and Legal Framework
Details
1. ASEAN as a Regional Organization
Details
2. The ASEAN Organizational Structure
Details
a. ASEAN Summit
Details
b. ASEAN Coordinating Council
Details
c. ASEAN Community Councils and ASEAN Sectoral Ministerial Bodies
Details
d. ASEAN Secretary-General and ASEAN Secretariat
Details
e. Committee of Permanent Representatives to the ASEAN
Details
f. ASEAN National Secretariats
Details
g. ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (“AICHR”)
Details
3. ASEAN Fundamental Principles, Norms, and Practices
Details
a. Constitutional Principles
Details
b. Normative Principles
Details
c. Decision-making norms: ASEAN Way
Details
C. Cross-border movement of evidence: ASEAN Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters
Details
1. Historical Development of ASEAN Mutual Legal Assistance
Details
2. Substantive Provisions: ASEAN MLAT
Details
a. Applicability of Assistance
Details
b. Types of Mutual Legal Assistance
Details
c. Compatibility with Other Arrangements
Details
d. Principles, Conditions, and Exceptions Applicable
Details
i. Sufficiency of Evidence
Details
ii. Dual Criminality
Details
iii. Double Jeopardy
Details
iv. Substantive Considerations of Human Rights
Details
1. Human Rights as a Ground to Refuse a MLA Request
Details
2. Limited Applicable Human Rights Obligations vis-à-vis Ground for refusal; Severity of Punishment Issue
Details
v. Reciprocity
Details
vi. Speciality or use limitation
Details
vii. Special Offenses and National Interest Cases
Details
3. Procedural Provisions: ASEAN MLAT
Details
a. Designation of Central Authorities
Details
b. Preparation of Requests under the ASEAN MLAT
Details
i. Requirements for Requests
Details
ii. Person or Authority Initiating the Request
Details
c. Execution of Requests
Details
i. Applicable Law on Execution
Details
ii. Applicable Procedural Rights
Details
1. Importance of Defense Rights
Details
2. Human Rights Considerations in Procedures Provided
Details
3. Defendant’s Participation in the Execution of a MLA Request
Details
iii. Time Element on Execution
Details
iv. Authentication of Documents
Details
v. Importance of Confidentiality
Details
vi. Return of Documents
Details
vii. Specific Procedures per Type of Assistance Rendered
Details
II. Implementation in the member state level: Philippines
Details
A. Historical Development of Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters in the Philippines
Details
1. Bilateral, Regional, and Multilateral MLA Treaties
Details
2. Domestic Instruments on Mutual Legal Assistance
Details
B. Substantive Provisions: Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters
Details
1. Applicability of Assistance
Details
2. Types of Assistance Rendered
Details
3. Compatibility with other Agreements
Details
4. Principles, Conditions, and Exceptions
Details
a. Sufficiency of Evidence Requirement
Details
b. Dual Criminality
Details
c. Double Jeopardy
Details
d. Substantive Considerations of Human Rights
Details
i. Human Rights Considerations as Grounds to Refuse
Details
ii. Limited Applicable Human Rights Obligations vis-à-vis Grounds to Refuse; Severity of Punishment Issue
Details
e. Reciprocity
Details
f. Speciality or Use Limitation
Details
g. Special Offenses and National Interest Cases
Details
C. Procedural Provisions on Mutual Legal Assistance
Details
1. Designation of Central Authority
Details
2. Preparation of Requests
Details
a. Requirements for Requests
Details
b. Person or Authority Initiating the Request
Details
3. Execution of Requests
Details
a. Applicable Law on Execution
Details
b. Applicable Procedural Rights
Details
i. Importance of Defense Rights; Human Rights Considerations in MLA and Criminal Processes in General
Details
ii. Human Rights Considerations in MLA and Criminal Processes in General
Details
iii. Defendant’s Participation in the Refusal or Execution of a MLA Request
Details
c. Applicable Time Element on Execution
Details
d. Authentication of Documents
Details
e. Importance of Confidentiality
Details
f. Return of Evidence
Details
g. Specific Procedures per Type of Assistance
Details
III. Implementation in the member state level: Malaysia
Details
A. Historical Development of Mutual Legal Assistance
Details
1. Bilateral, Regional, and Multilateral Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties
Details
2. Domestic Legislation on Mutual Legal Assistance
Details
B. Substantive Provisions: Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters
Details
1. Applicability of Assistance
Details
2. Types of Assistance Rendered
Details
3. Compatibility with Other Agreements
Details
4. Principles, Conditions, and Exemptions
Details
a. Sufficiency of Evidence
Details
b. Dual Criminality
Details
c. Double Jeopardy
Details
d. Substantive Considerations of Human Rights
Details
i. Applicable Human Rights Obligations vis-à-vis Mutual Legal Assistance
Details
ii. Limited Applicable Human Rights Obligations vis-à-vis Grounds to Refuse; Severity of Punishment Issue
Details
e. Reciprocity
Details
f. Speciality or use limitation
Details
g. Special Offenses and National Interest Cases
Details
C. Procedural Provisions: Mutual Legal Assistance
Details
1. Designation of Central Authority
Details
2. Preparation of Requests
Details
a. Requirements for Requests
Details
b. Person or Authority Initiating the Request
Details
3. Execution of Requests
Details
a. Applicable Law on Execution
Details
b. Applicable Procedural Rights
Details
i. Importance of Defense Rights; Human Rights Considerations in MLA and Criminal Processes in General
Details
ii. Human Rights Considerations in MLA and Criminal Processes in General
Details
iii. Defendant’s Participation in the Refusal or Execution of a MLA Request
Details
c. Applicable Time Element on Execution
Details
d. Authentication of Documents
Details
e. Importance of Confidentiality
Details
f. Return of Evidence
Details
g. Specific Procedures per Type of Assistance
Details
IV. Comparing the Philippines and Malaysia with the Regional Framework
Details
A. Need for Implementing Legislation and Harmonization of Legal Framework
Details
B. Substantive Provisions
Details
1. Applicability of Assistance
Details
2. Types of Mutual Legal Assistance
Details
3. Compatibility with other Arrangements
Details
4. Principles, Conditions, and Exceptions
Details
C. Procedural Provisions
Details
1. Usage of Vertical Cooperation in Mutual Legal Assistance: Central Authorities
Details
2. Preparation of Requests
Details
3. Execution of Requests
Details
a. Applicable Law
Details
b. Applicable Procedural Rights
Details
c. Applicable Time Limits
Details
d. Authentication of Documents
Details
e. Confidentiality
Details
f. Return of Documents
Details
g. Specific Procedures
Details
307–607
Part 2: The European Union
307–607
Details
I. Regional Framework
Details
A. Historical Development
Details
1. Early Modern Ages
Details
a. Europe in the Early Ages
Details
b. Building Empires and Colonies: East-West Relationship
Details
c. The Times of War
Details
d. New challenges while paving avenues toward regional integration
Details
2. European Union’s Historical Development
Details
a. Consolidation Stage
Details
b. Expansion Stage
Details
c. Reconsolidation Stage
Details
B. Present Institutional and Legal Framework
Details
1. European Union as a Regional Organization
Details
2. EU Organizational Structure
Details
a. Commission
Details
b. European Parliament
Details
c. European Council
Details
d. Council
Details
e. Court of Justice of the European Union
Details
3. EU Fundamental Principles, Norms, and Practices
Details
a. Constitutional Principles
Details
b. Normative Principles
Details
c. Decision-making principles
Details
C. Cross-border movement of evidence: European Investigation Order
Details
1. Historical Development of Mutual Legal Assistance in the EU
Details
2. Substantive Provisions: European Investigation Order
Details
a. Applicability of Assistance
Details
b. Types of Assistance
Details
c. Compatibility with other Arrangements
Details
d. Principles, Conditions, and Exceptions Applicable
Details
i. Sufficiency of Evidence Requirement
Details
ii. Dual Criminality
Details
iii. Double Jeopardy
Details
iv. Substantive Considerations of Human Rights
Details
1. Human Rights Obligation as Ground to Refuse Recognition or Execution
Details
2. Applicable Human Rights Obligations vis-à-vis Ground for refusal
Details
v. Reciprocity
Details
vi. Speciality or use limitation
Details
vii. Special Offenses and National Interest Cases
Details
3. Procedural Provisions: European Investigation Order
Details
a. Designation of Issuing and Executing Authorities
Details
b. Preparation of Requests
Details
i. Requirements for Requests
Details
ii. Person or Authority Initiating EIO
Details
c. Execution of Requests
Details
i. Applicable Law on Execution
Details
ii. Applicable Procedural Rights
Details
1. Importance of Defense Rights in the EIO
Details
2. Human Rights Considerations in Procedures Provided in the Recognition or Execution of an EIO
Details
3. Defendant’s Participation in the Recognition or Execution of an EIO
Details
iii. Applicable Time Element on Execution
Details
iv. Authentication of Documents
Details
v. Importance of Confidentiality
Details
vi. Return of Evidence
Details
vii. Specific Procedures per Type of Assistance
Details
II. Implementation in Member State: United Kingdom
Details
A. Historical Development
Details
1. Bilaterial, Regional, and Multilateral Mutual Legal Assistance
Details
2. Domestic Legislation on International Cooperation
Details
B. Substantive Provisions
Details
1. Applicability of Assistance
Details
2. Types of Assistance
Details
3. Compatibility with other Arrangements
Details
4. Principles, Conditions, and Exceptions Applicable
Details
a. Sufficiency of Evidence Requirement
Details
b. Dual Criminality
Details
c. Double Jeopardy
Details
d. Substantive Considerations of Human Rights
Details
i. Human Rights Obligation as Ground to Refuse Recognition or Execution of EIO
Details
ii. Applicable Human Rights Obligations vis-à-vis Ground for refusal
Details
e. Reciprocity
Details
f. Speciality or Use Limitation
Details
g. Special Offenses or National Interest Cases
Details
C. Procedural Provisions
Details
1. Designation of Central Authority
Details
2. Preparation of Requests
Details
a. Requisites for Request/EIO
Details
b. Person or Authority Initiating the EIO
Details
3. Execution of Requests
Details
a. Applicable Law on Execution
Details
b. Applicable Procedural Rights
Details
i. Importance of Defense Rights; Principle of Equality of Arms
Details
ii. Human Rights Considerations in Procedures Provided in the Recognition and Execution of an EIO
Details
iii. Defendant’s Participation in the Recognition or Execution of an EIO
Details
c. Applicable Time Limits
Details
d. Authentication of Documents
Details
e. Importance of Confidentiality
Details
f. Return of Documents
Details
g. Specific Procedures per Type of Assistance
Details
III. Implementation in Member state: Germany
Details
A. Historical Development
Details
1. Bilaterial, Regional, and Multilateral Mutual Legal Assistance
Details
2. Domestic Legislation on International Cooperation
Details
B. Substantive Provisions
Details
1. Applicability of Assistance
Details
2. Types of Assistance
Details
3. Compatibility with other Arrangements
Details
4. Principles, Conditions, and Exceptions Applicable
Details
a. Sufficiency of Evidence Requirement
Details
b. Dual Criminality
Details
c. Double Jeopardy
Details
d. Substantive Considerations of Human Rights
Details
i. Human Rights as a Ground to Refuse Recognition or Execution of an EIO
Details
ii. Applicable Human Rights Obligations vis-à-vis Ground for refusal
Details
e. Reciprocity
Details
f. Speciality or Use Limitation
Details
g. Special Offenses or National Interest Cases
Details
C. Procedural Provisions
Details
1. Designation of Central Authority
Details
2. Preparation of Requests
Details
a. Requisites for the Request/EIO
Details
b. Person or Authority Initiating the EIO
Details
3. Execution of Requests
Details
a. Applicable Law on Execution
Details
b. Applicable Procedural Rights
Details
i. Defense Rights in the Context of Fair Trial Rights
Details
ii. Human Rights Considerations in the Procedures Provided
Details
iii. Defendant’s Participation in the Recognition or Execution of an EIO
Details
c. Applicable Time Limits
Details
d. Authentication of Documents
Details
e. Importance of Confidentiality
Details
f. Return of Documents
Details
g. Specific Procedures per Type of Assistance
Details
IV. Comparing the United Kingdom and Germany with the Regional Framework
Details
A. Historical Development of Mutual Legal Assistance: Existence of Domestic Legislation
Details
B. Substantive Provisions
Details
1. Applicability of Assistance
Details
2. Types of Assistance
Details
3. Compatibility with Other Agreements
Details
4. Principles, Conditions, and Exceptions
Details
C. Procedural Provisions
Details
1. Usage of Horizontal Cooperation; Designation of Authorities
Details
2. Preparation of Requests
Details
3. Execution of Requests
Details
a. Applicable Law on Execution
Details
b. Applicable Procedural Rights
Details
c. Applicable Time Limits
Details
d. Authentication of Documents
Details
e. Confidentiality
Details
f. Return of Documents
Details
g. Specific Procedures
Details
608–660
Part 3: Comparing and Contrasting the ASEAN and the EU
608–660
Details
I. Comparing the Regional Frameworks
Details
A. Development of Principles, Norms and Practices
Details
B. Existing Cooperation Mechanism
Details
C. Approach to Regional Security and International Cooperation
Details
D. Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters
Details
II. Comparing the Member State Frameworks with Each Other
Details
A. Transposition of law in member states including law in practice
Details
B. Efficiency
Details
C. Protection of Human Rights and Defense Rights
Details
661–680
Part 4: Developing Mutual Legal Assistance between and within the ASEAN and the EU
661–680
Details
I. Lessons Learned
Details
A. Intergovernmental v. Supranational; Formal v. Informal
Details
B. Principle of Non-Intervention and the ASEAN Way v. EU Normative Power
Details
C. Harmonization v. Approximation; Minimum Standards
Details
II. Suggestions for Developing Mutual Legal Assistance: Least Common Denominators
Details
A. Mutual Legal Assistance Within the Regional Frameworks
Details
B. Groundwork for the Cooperation Mechanism between the ASEAN and the EU
Details
C. Suggestions for Substantive Provisions
Details
D. Suggestions for Procedural Provisions
Details
681–686
Summary, Conclusion and Further Recommendations
681–686
Details
687–710
Bibliography
687–710
Details
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East Meets West , page 661 - 680
Part 4: Developing Mutual Legal Assistance between and within the ASEAN and the EU
Autoren
Angela Leonor C. Aguinaldo
DOI
doi.org/10.5771/9783748921134-661
ISBN print: 978-3-8487-7983-3
ISBN online: 978-3-7489-2113-4
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