The Rings of Resilience Model

Schlagworte

Freiheit counter-terrorism Großbritannien domestic policy Innenpolitik freedom internal security Innere Sicherheit open societies Offene Gesellschaften political science Politikwissenschaft Psychologie prosperity psychology Resilienz Singapur resilience Singapore Terrorismusbekämpfung Verwundbarkeit United Kingdom vulnerability Wohlstand

• References
• Abbas, Tahir and Imran Awan. 2015. Limits of UK Counterterrorism Policy and its Implications for Islamophobia and Far Right Extremism. International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 4 (3).
• ABC News. 2016. Brussels Explosions: EU Official Breaks Down In Tears. ABC News; March 22. Available from <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hMpscy0AMb0>. Accessed 30 April 2020.
• Aldworth, Nick. 2018. Step Change Call-To-Action: This Document Contains Important Information and A Call To Stakeholders to Participate In the National CT Step-Change Programme. Available from <https://www.gov.uk/government/news/call-to-action-step-change-programme>. Accessed 4 April 2019.
• Amadeo, Vincent. 2020. NYPD Shield and the Global Shield Network: A Template for Law Enforcement Executives. Police Chief Magazine. Available from <https://www.policechiefmagazine.org/nypd-shield-and-the-global-shield-network/>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Anderson, David. 2017. Attacks in London and Manchester: March-June 2017. Independent Assesment of MI5 and Police Internal Reviews Unclassified: UK Home Office. Available from <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/664682/Attacks_in_London_and_Manchester_Open_Report.pdf>. Accessed 5 April 2019.
• Ang and Desmond. 2016. Failed Terrorist Attempt Highlights Need for Singaporeans to Stay United, Stay Alert and Stay Strong: Speaking at the Revamped Toa Payoh West/Balestier Emergency Preparedness Day,. Home Team News - On Assignment. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/hometeamnews/on-assignment/ViewArticle/failed-terrorist-attempt-highlights>. Accessed 7 December 2019.
• Arce, Daniel G. and Todd Sandler. 2016. Counterterrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution 49 (2):183–200.
• Arndt, Jamie, Jeff Greenberg, and Alison Cook. 2002. Mortality salience and the spreading activation of worldview-relevant constructs: Exploring the cognitive architecture of terror management. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 131 (3):307–324.
• Asari, Eva-Maria, Daphne Halikiopoulou, and Steven Mock. 2008. British National Identity and the Dilemmas of Multiculturalism. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 14 (1):1–28.
• Ashour, Omar. 2009. The de-radicalization of jihadists: Transforming armed islamist movements. London: Routledge.
• Ashour, Omar. 2011. Post-Jihadism: Libya and the Global Transformations of Armed Islamist Movements. Terrorism and Political Violence 23 (3):377–397.
• AsiaOne Online. 2014. Police raise crime prevention awareness among Bukit Panjang elderly. AsioOne online; December 14. Available from <https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/police-raise-crime-prevention-awareness-among-bukit-panjang-elderly>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Atkinson, Simon. 2017. Paradise Lost: Can France’s new president help French society become more at ease with itself? Simon Atkinson shares findings from Ipsos’s Global Trends survey on the problems facing the country. Available from <https://www.ipsos.com/en/paradise-lost>. Accessed 23 March 2018.
• Atwell Seate, Anita and Dana Mastro. 2016. Media's influence on immigration attitudes: An intergroup threat theory approach. Communication Monographs 83 (2):194–213.
• Baban, Constance P. 2014. Gesellschaftliche Resilienz: Grundlagen für die zivile Sicherheit. Standpunkt für Zivile Sicherheit. Brandenburg.
• Bainbridge, Katherine. 2018. Manchester and Boston - two cities which have suffered devastating bomb attacks - come together: Delegates from Boston are visiting Manchester this week to learn about how the city dealt with the aftermath of the Arena bomb. Manchester Evening News; January 18. Available from <https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/manchester-boston-two-cities-devastated-14174970>. Accessed 5 February 2018.
• Baines, Paul, Chris Fill, and Sara Rosengren. 2017. Marketing: Transcript Marketing Case Insight 17.1. City of London Police. Available from <https://fdslive.oup.com/www.oup.com/orc/resources/busecon/business/baines4e/studentlecturer/transcripts/baines4e_transcript_17_1.pdf>. Accessed 7 May 2019.
• Bakker, Edwin. 2015. Terrorism and Counterterrorism Studies: Comparing Theory and Practice. Leiden: Leiden University Press.
• Balmas, M. and T. Sheafer. 2010. Candidate Image in Election Campaigns: Attribute Agenda Setting, Affective Priming, and Voting Intentions. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 22 (2):204–229.
• Bangstad, Sindre. 2017. Norway: A Lack of Reckoning? In Democracy and terrorism - experiences in coping with terror attacks: Case studies from Belgium, France, Israel and Norway, edited by Anna Maria Kellner, 37–46. Berlin: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, International Policy Analysis.
• Bara, Corinne and Gabriel Brönnimann. 2011. Focal Report 6: Risk Analysis. Resilience - Trends in Policy and Research. CRN REPORT 6. Zürich: Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zürich.
• Bardsley, Andrew. 2018. Martyn Hett's family help to create new group to support people affected by terrorism: Martyn's brother Dan Hett and his mother Figen Murray are both founder members of the Survivors Against Terror group. Manchester Evening News; January 28. Available from <https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/martyn-hetts-family-help-create-14214574>. Accessed 5 February 2018.
• Barsade, Sigal G. 2002. The Ripple Effect: Emotional Contagion and Its Influence on Group Behavior. Administrative Science Quarterly 47 (4):644.
• Bartel, Caroline A. and Richard Saavedra. 2000. The Collective Construction of Work Group Moods. Administrative Science Quarterly 45 (2):197–231.
• Basu, Neil. 2018. The role of business in building resilience to terrorism, Paper presented by the National Lead for Counter-Terror Policing in the UK: Terrorism Threat & Mitigation Report and Non-Damage Business Interruption Launch Event, November 13. Published by Counter Terrorism Command of the Metropolitan Police Service. Available from <https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCpwkDeX2s0dnu9x4-hQ-wsQ>. Accessed 8 April 2019.
• Basu, Neil. 2019. Open Letter From Neil Basu To Deny Terrorists A Voice: Counter Terrorism Policing. 20 March 2019. Available from <https://www.counterterrorism.police.uk/acso-neil-basu-issues-open-letter-about-reporting-of-terrorism/>. Accessed 19 May 2020.
• Baumeister, Roy F. and Mark R. Leary. 1995. The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin 117 (3):497–529.
• BBC News. 2016. Nice attack: Hero motorcyclist 'punched driver again and again'. July 21. Available from <https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-36860152>. Accessed 28 April 2020.
• BBC News. 2017. London attack: Romanian baker and Spanish banker among heroes. BBC News; June 8. Available from <https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-40149836>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Beck, Ulrich. 2016. Risikogesellschaft: Auf dem Weg in eine andere Moderne. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
• Becker, Ernest. 1973. The denial of death. New York: Free Press.
• Beng, Kor Kian. 2017a. SAF beefing up land, air, sea operations to tackle terrorism: 18,000 soldiers to be trained each year at new institute as S'pore refines counter-terror response: Ng Eng Hen. The Straits Times online; July 1. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/saf-beefing-up-land-air-sea-operations-to-tackle-terrorism>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Beng, Kor Kian. 2017b. Some 18,000 soldiers to be trained in counter-terrorism yearly as SAF ramps up response to terror threat. The Straits Times online; June 30. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/some-18000-soldiers-to-be-trained-in-counter-terrorism-yearly-as-saf-ramps-up-response-to>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Benight, Charles C. and Albert Bandura. 2004. Social cognitive theory of posttraumatic recovery: The role of perceived self-efficacy. Behaviour research and therapy 42 (10):1129–1148.
• Berkeley, Al and Mike Wallace. 19.2010. A Framework for Establishing Critical Infrastructure Resilience Goals: National Infrastructure Advisory Council.
• Berkhoff, Andrea. 2019. The Manchester Arena Attack: New approaches to bereavement support. City Security Magazine; October 28. Available from <https://citysecuritymagazine.com/risk-management/the-manchester-arena-attack-new-approaches-to-bereavement-support/>. Accessed 13 November 2019.
• Bhatt, Chetan. 2013. The Virtues of Violence: The Salafi-Jihadi Political Universe. Theory, Culture & Society 31 (1):25–48.
• Biene, Janusz and Julian Junk. 2017. Salafismus und Dschihadismus: Konzepte, Erkenntnisse und Praxisrelevanz der Radikalisierungsforschung. In "Sie haben keinen Plan B": Radikalisierung, Ausreise, Rückkehr - zwischen Prävention und Intervention, edited by Jana Kärgel, 115–128. Bonn: bpb Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung.
• Boey, Darius. 2019. New initiative engages commuters as first responders to potential threats on public transport: Singapore. Channel News Asia; July 3. Available from <https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/riders-on-watch-fight-crime-public-transport-transcom-11683474>. Accessed 15 September 2019.
• Bond, David. 2019. Homegrown Islamist extremists still UK’s biggest threat, says MI5 chief. Financial Times; May 1. Available from <https://www.ft.com/content/c39a01b8-6c04-11e9-80c7-60ee53e6681d>. Accessed 29 April 2020.
• Boyle, Simon. 2017. RUN, HIDE, TELL Celebs sign up as The Sun leads campaign to keep our kids safe from terror: New figures show that around 300 children have called NSPCC’s Childline since April expressing fears that they will be caught up in a terror attack. The Sun Online; September 28. Available from <https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/4563604/the-sun-campaign-on-the-three-things-to-do-in-a-terror-attack-safe-run-hide-tell/>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Braw, Elisabeth. 2020. The Case for Natinal Resilience Training for Teenagers. RUSI Occasional Paper March 2020. London: Royal United Services Institute.
• Bundesgerichtshof. Urteil: Ein Schulkind hat jedenfalls in den Grenzen, die das allgemeine und von der Schule nur in anderer Art und Weise konkretisierte Lebensrisiko in sich birgt, grundsätzlich keinen Aufopferungsanspruch, wenn es beim Turnuttericht eine, sei es auch schwere Körperschädigung davonträgt. Aktenzeichen III ZR 100/65. Entscheidungsatum16.01.1967. Available from <https://www.prinz.law/urteile/bgh/III_ZR_100-65>. Accessed 13 March 2015.
• Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat, ed. Juni / 2019. Verfassungsschutzbericht 2018: Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz. Available from <https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/download/vsbericht-2018.pdf>. Accessed 22 March 2020.
• Burrows, Thomas. 2016. Touching moment EU minister breaks down in tears and has to leave the stage while addressing conference after Brussels attacks. Daily Mail; March 29. Available from <https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3504515/EUs-Mogherini-overcome-emotion-Brussels-attacks.html>. Accessed 9 May 2020.
• Buunk, Abraham P. and Pieternel Dijkstra. 2007. Affiliation, zwischenmenschliche Anziehung und enge Beziehungen. In Sozialpsychologie: Eine Einführung, edited by Klaus Jonas, Wolfgang Stroebe and M.R.C. Hewstone, 329–358. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
• Byrne, D. 1961. Anxiety and the experimental arousal of affiliation need. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 63 (3):660–662.
• Cabinet Office. 2013. Preparation and planning for emergencies: responsibilities of responder agencies and others. How the government prepares and plans for emergencies, working nationally, locally and co-operatively to ensure civil protection in the UK. Available from <https://www.gov.uk/guidance/preparation-and-planning-for-emergencies-responsibilities-of-responder-agencies-and-others>. Accessed 1 July 2018.
• Cambridge City Council. 2014. Volunteer your time and earn time credits. Available from <https://www.cambridge.gov.uk/volunteer-your-time-and-earn-time-credits>. Accessed 24 May 2020.
• Carruthers, Susan L. 2011. The media at war: 2nd Edition. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ed. February 2006. Hurricane Katrina After Action Report: Prepared for Dr. Richard Besser. Director Coordinating Office for Terrroism Preparedness and Emergency Response. Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available from <https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=31248>. Accessed 28 April 2020.
• Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure (UK). 2017. CPNI Guidance Note: Attack at Manchester Arena. Available from <https://www.cpni.gov.uk/system/files/documents/f0/29/attack-manchester-arena-may-2017-UPDATE-website.pdf>. Accessed 12 August 2019.
• Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure (UK), ed. 2018. Protective Security Management Systems (PSeMS): Guidance, Checklist, and Case Studies. Available from <https://www.cpni.gov.uk/system/files/documents/55/90/PSeMS_Guidance_Checklist_Case_Studies_November_2018.pdf>. Accessed 12 August 2019.
• Chang, Chin Yong. 2015. Pupils learn life-saving skills at SCDF’s new Emergency Preparedness Centre. AsiaOne online; February 4. Available from <https://www.asiaone.com/singapore/pupils-learn-life-saving-skills-scdf’s-new-emergency-preparedness-centre>. Accessed 22 July 2019.
• Changi General Hospital. 2016. About CGH: Milestones. Available from <https://www.cgh.com.sg/about/Pages/milestones.aspx>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Cheong, Danson and Lin Yangchen. 2016. Boosting anti-terror features of buildings: Singapore government reviews security guidelines. The Straits Times online; April 4. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/boosting-anti-terror-features-of-buildings-singapore-government-reviews-security>. Accessed 18 May 2018.
• Chew, Valerie. 2009. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak, 2003. Singapore Infopedia. Available from <https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_1529_2009-06-03.html>. Accessed 1 July 2020.
• Chin, James. 2016. The 2015 Singapore Swing: Depoliticised Polity and the Kiasi / Kiasu Voter. The Round Table - The Commonwealth Journal of International Affairs 105 (2):141–148.
• citizenAID. 2018a. citizenAID delivers demonstrations in Scotland. July 3. Available from <https://www.citizenaid.org/single-post/2018/07/03/citizenAID-delivers-demonstrations-in-Scotland>. Accessed 8 March 2019.
• citizenAID. 2018b. citizenAID Helps Oxted Residents Be Prepared, Not Scared. May 23. Available from <https://www.citizenaid.org/single-post/2018/05/23/citizenAID-Helps-Oxted-Residents-Be-Prepared-Not-Scared>. Accessed 16 May 2020.
• citizenAID. 2018c. citizenAID supports Armed Forces Day. July 5. Available from <https://www.citizenaid.org/single-post/2018/07/05/citizenAID-supports-Armed-Forces-Day>. Accessed 8 March 2019.
• City of London Police. 2016. Crime Prevention Design: Advice and Support Countering terrorism. Available from <https://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/advice-and-support/countering-terrorism/Pages/crime-prevention-design.aspx>. Accessed 22 April 2019.
• City of London Police. 2017. Emergency trauma packs introduced to City businesses. Available from <http://news.cityoflondon.police.uk/r/870/emergency_trauma_packs_introduced_to_city_busines>. Accessed 18 May 2020.
• City of London Police. 2018a. Advice and Support: Project Argus. Available from <https://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/advice-and-support/countering-terrorism/Pages/project-argus.aspx>. Accessed 22 April 2019.
• City of London Police. 2018b. Project Servator – successful crime-deterring tactics turn four: - successful crime-deterring tactics turn four. February 7. Available from <http://news.cityoflondon.police.uk/r/990/project_servator___successful_crime-deterring_tac#>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• City of London Police. 2018c. Trauma pack training for officers in the City: News. March 12. Available from <http://news.cityoflondon.police.uk/r/1001/trauma_pack_training_for_officers_in_the_city_>. Accessed 18 May 2020.
• City of London Police, ed. 2018d. Project Servator Leaflet. Together - we've got it covered: City of London Police. Available from <https://www.cityoflondon.police.uk/community-policing/project-servator/Documents/Project%20Servator%20leaflet.pdf>. Accessed 9 May 2019.
• Cleeton, Jenny. 2017. The Sun & CT Policing have launched a terror attack safety campaign aimed at teens. The Drum Magazine online; September 28. Available from <https://www.thedrum.com/news/2017/09/28/the-sun-ct-policing-have-launched-terror-attack-safety-campaign-teens>. Accessed 25 April 2019.
• Comer, Jonathan S., Jami M. Furr, Rinad S. Beidas, Courtney L. Weiner, and Philip C. Kendall. 2008. Children and terrorism-related news: Training parents in Coping and Media Literacy. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 76 (4):568–578.
• Conservative and Unionist Party. 2019. Get Brexit Done: Unleash Britain's Potential. The Conservative and Unionist Party Manifesto 2019. London: Conservative and Unionist Party. Available from <https://assets-global.website-files.com/5da42e2cae7ebd3f8bde353c/5dda924905da587992a064ba_Conservative%202019%20Manifesto.pdf>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Counter Terrorism Policing Headquarters, ed. 2015. RUN HIDE TELL A5 Leaflet. London: Counter Terrorism Policing Headquarters. Available from <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/595437/RHT_A5.pdf>. Accessed 27 April 2019.
• Counter Terrorism Policing UK. 2017a. Stay Safe Abroad: Advice to Holidaymakers. YouTube upload; August 16. Available from <https://youtu.be/kzcldaLbYPA>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Counter Terrorism Policing UK. 2017b. What to do in a Weapons Attack: Counter Terrorism Policing have collaborated with specialists from the PSHE Association and Girlguiding to take terrorism safety advice into the UK’s classrooms and youth organisations for the first time. YouTube upload; November 17. Available from <https://youtu.be/Xy37CP8Qfy8>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Counter Terrorism Policing UK. 2018. Communities Defeat Terrorism: #ActionCountersTerrorism. YouTube upload; March 20. Available from <https://youtu.be/I6SjX2ZXMnY>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Counter Terrorism Policing UK. 2019. Online Hub for Counter Terrorism Advice: An interactive online platform to provide secure expert counter-terrorism advice and training to businesses and the public sector is going ahead. Available from <https://www.counterterrorism.police.uk/online-hub-for-counter-terrorism-advice/>. Accessed 23 April 2019.
• Counter Terrorism Policing UK. 2020. ACT AWARENESS E-Learning Marks Second Anniversary: Access to online counter terrorism training made easier for home users. Available from <https://www.counterterrorism.police.uk/act-awareness-elearning-second-anniversary/>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Counter Terrorism Policing UK and Highfield E-Learning. 2018. ACT Actions Counter Terrorism: Awareness E-Learning Portal. Available from <https://ct.highfieldelearning.com>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Counter Terrorism Policing UK and The Sun Newspaper. 2017. Run, Hide, Tell: Advice For Young People. YouTube publ.: September 27;. Available from <https://youtu.be/s3y51Vd4kJ4>. Accessed 1 July 2020.
• Cox, Brendan. 2019. We must deny terrorists the media stardom they so crave: Comment. Evening Standard; March 19. Available from <https://www.standard.co.uk/comment/comment/we-must-deny-terrorists-the-media-stardom-they-so-crave-a4095566.html>. Accessed 27 April 2019.
• Crenshaw, Martha, ed. 2007. Terrorism in context. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press.
• Crenshaw, Martha. 2009. The Logic of Terrorism: Terrorist Behavior as a Product of Strategic Choice. In Psychology of terrorism: Key readings ; classic and contemporary insights, edited by Jeff Victoroff, 371–382. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
• Cronin, Audrey Kurth. 2009. How terrorism ends: Understanding the decline and demise of terrorist campaigns. Princeton, Oxford: Princeton University Press.
• Cross-Sector Safety and Security Communications (CSSC). 2019. About. Available from <https://www.thecssc.com/about/>. Accessed 22 April 2019.
• CSM contributor. 2018a. Project Servator disrupts criminal activity for 5 years. City Security Magazine [digital version]; April 8. Available from <https://citysecuritymagazine.com/police-partnerships/project-servator-disrupts-criminal-activity-5-years/>. Accessed 21 April 2019.
• CSM contributor. 2018b. Public and private sectors pull together to counter terrorism. City Security Magazine [digital version]; September 17. Available from <https://citysecuritymagazine.com/counter-terrorism/working-together/>. Accessed 4 April 2019.
• CSM contributor. 2018c. Update on National Step Change Programme. City Security Magazine [digital version]; August 1. Available from <https://citysecuritymagazine.com/counter-terrorism/strategy-step-change-programme/>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• CSM contributor. 2019. City Security Council launches in City of London. City Security Magazine [digital version]; June 7. Available from <https://citysecuritymagazine.com/police-partnerships/city-security-council-launches-in-city-of-london/>. Accessed 29 July 2019.
• Day, Rebecca. 2018. Terrorist sympathisers could face longer behind bars if sentences are challenged by members of the public: A change in the law means people can stop those found guilty of helping terrorists getting off lightly. Manchester Evening News online edition; January 29. Available from <https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/terrorist-sympathisers-could-face-longer-14219099>. Accessed 16 February 2018.
• Dearden, Lizzie. 2017. London attack: Parsons Green bomb contained 'mother of Satan' explosive used in Manchester bombing. The Independent online ; September 16. Available from <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/london-attack-parsons-green-bomb-tube-underground-mother-isis-of-satan-tatp-explosive-manchester-a7950106.html>. Accessed 20 March 2020.
• Dechesne, Mark. 2012. The Sociopsychological Impact Of Terrorism: Key Concepts, Research, And Theory. In Countering Terrorism: Psychosocial Strategies, edited by Updesh Kumar and Manas K. Mandal, 74–95. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
• Defence and Security Accelerator (DASA). 2019. Case study Krowdthink: The Krowd. Public Reassurance at their fingertips. Available from <https://krowd.app/DASA_Case_Study_KrowdThink.pdf>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Department for Education, ed. 2014. Promoting fundamental British values as part of SMSC in schools: Departmental advice for maintained schools. November 2014. London. Available from <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/380595/SMSC_Guidance_Maintained_Schools.pdf>. Accessed 18 May 2020.
• Diederichs, Marcel. 2017. Situationsbezogene Helferkonzepte zur verbesserten Krisenbewältigung: Ergebnisse aus dem Forschungsverbund ENSURE. Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin.
• Diehl, Paula. 2012. Populismus und Massenmedien. In Populismus, edited by Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung, 16–22. Bonn.
• Doberke, Cay and Fatina Keilani. 2016. Versuchte Normalität: Auf dem Breitscheidplatz ist der Markt wieder geöffnet, mit Betonschutz. Der Tagespiegel; December 23:5.
• Drucker, Peter Ferdinand. 1986. Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices. New York, NY: Truman Talley Books E.P. Dutton.
• Dyckhoff, Tom. London's Ring of Steel: The Culture Show; Episode 1: BBC Two 17.05.2011. Available from <https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00h01w5>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Enders, Walter and Todd Sandler. 1993. The Effectiveness of Antiterrorism Policies: A Vector-Autoregression-Intervention Analysis. American Political Science Review 87 (4):829–844.
• Er, Verity and Neo Loo Seng. 2019. Lessons From Sri Lanka: Psychological Bandage in Times of Crisis. RSiS Commentary No. 099 - 16 May 2019. Singapore: S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University Singapore. Available from <https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/CO19099.pdf>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Evergreen Secondary School. 2020. National Civil Defence Cadet Corp (NCDCC): About Us. Available from <https://evergreensec.moe.edu.sg/cca/uniformed-groups/national-civil-defence-cadet-corp/>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ewing, Philip. 2017. Russians Targeted U.S. Racial Divisions Long Before 2016 And Black Lives Matter. National Public Radio (NPR); October 30. Available from <https://www.npr.org/2017/10/30/560042987/russians-targeted-u-s-racial-divisions-long-before-2016-and-black-lives-matter?t=1586794936432&t=1589801935357>. Accessed 18 May 2020.
• Eyerman, Ron. 2008. The assassination of Theo Van Gogh: From social drama to cultural trauma. Durham, N.C: Duke University Press.
• Fach, Wolfgang. 1978. Souveränität und Terror. Leviathan 6 (3):333–353.
• 2004. Factsheet: About Total Defence. News Release. Singapore.
• Fahmy, Shahira S. 2017. Media, Terrorism, and Society: Perspectives and Trends in the Digital Age. Mass Communication and Society 20 (6):735–739.
• Fengler, Denis. 2018. Hamburgs nervendes Montags-Merkel-Chaos. Welt Online edition; February 20. Available from <https://www.welt.de/regionales/hamburg/article173790479/Hamburgs-nervendes-Montags-Merkel-Chaos.html>. Accessed 3 April 2019.
• Frankenberger, Patrick. 2017. Radikalisierungsfaktor Internet?: Jugendliche im Fokus dschihdistischer Propaganda. In "Sie haben keinen Plan B": Radikalisierung, Ausreise, Rückkehr - zwischen Prävention und Intervention, edited by Jana Kärgel, 57–67. Bonn: bpb Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung.
• Frankl, Viktor E. and Alexander Batthyány. 2017. Wer ein Warum zu leben hat: Lebenssinn und Resilienz. Weinheim, Basel: Beltz.
• Frankl, Viktor Emil. 2006. Man's search for meaning: An Introduction to Logotherapy. Fourth Edition. Boston: Beacon Press.
• Fritz, Charles E. 1976. Disaster. In Contemporary social problems, edited by Robert King Merton and Robert Nisbet, 651–694. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
• Furedi, Frank. 2007. Invitation to terror: The expanding empire of the unknown. London, New York: Continuum.
• Furnham, Adrian. 1993. Just World Beliefs in Twelve Societies. The Journal of social psychology 133 (3):317–329.
• Furnham, Adrian. 2003. Belief in a just world: Research progress over the past decade. Personality and Individual Differences 34 (5):795–817.
• Galea, Sandro, Jennifer Ahern, Heidi Resnick, Dean Kilpatrick, Michael Bucuvalas, Joel Gold, and David Vlahov. 2002. Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. The New England journal of medicine 346 (13):982–987.
• Gardner, Frank. 2019. UK terror threat: How has it changed? BBC News; May 07. Available from <https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-48185759>. Accessed 1 September 2019.
• Gautier, Pieter A., Arjen Siegmann, and Aico van Vuuren. 2009. Terrorism and attitudes towards minorities: The effect of the Theo van Gogh murder on house prices in Amsterdam. Journal of Urban Economics 65 (2):113–126.
• Gearson, John. 2012. Deterring Conventional Terrorism: From Punishment to Denial and Resilience. Contemporary Security Policy 33 (1):171–198.
• Georges, Karl Ernst. 1902. Kleines Lateinisch-Deutsches und Deutsch-Lateinisches Handwörterbuch: Lateinisch-Deutscher Teil. Achte Verbesserte und Vermehrte Auflage. Hannover und Leipzig: Hahnsche Verlagsbuchhandlung.
• Gerbner, G. and L. Gross. 1976. Living with television: The violence profile. The Journal of communication 26 (2):173–199.
• Giebel, Daniela. 2014. Sicherheitskultur: Resilienz durch Sicherheitskommunikation. In Dimensionen der Sicherheitskultur, edited by Hans-Jürgen Lange, Michaela Wendekamm and Christian Endreß, 359–377. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.
• Gigerenzer, Gerd. 2004. Dread risk, September 11, and fatal traffic accidents. Psychological science 15 (4):286–287.
• Gigerenzer, Gerd and Wolfgang Gaissmaier. 2007. Die Angst nach dem Terror. In MaxPlanckForschung: Fokus: Gesellschaft im Konflikt, edited by Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 15–18. München.
• Girlguiding. 2020. About Us. Available from <https://www.girlguiding.org.uk/about-us/>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Gorka, Sebastian. 2012. The Enemy Threat Doctrine of Al Quaeda: Taking the War to the Heart of our Foe. In Fighting the Ideological War: Winning Strategies from Communism to Islamism, edited by Patrick Sookhdeo and Katharine Cornell Gorka, 185–204. Mclean VA: Isaac Publishing.
• Government of Singapore, ed. 1989. Maintenance Of Religious Harmony: White Paper. Presented to Parliament by Command of The President of the Republic of Singapore Ordered by Parliament to lie upon the Table: 26 December 1989 Crnd. 21 of 1989. Singapore.
• Government of Singapore. 2016. SGSecure. Available from <https://www.sgsecure.sg>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Government of Singapore. 2018. SGSecure: Be Prepared. Available from <https://www.sgsecure.sg/be-prepared>. Accessed 16 July 2019.
• Gray, S. Colin. 2002. Thinking Asymmetrically in Times of Terror. PARAMETERS - US Army War College Quaterly Spring (XXXII):5–14.
• Greenberg, Jeff, Tom Pyszczynski, and Sheldon Solomon. 1986. The Causes and Consequences of a Need for Self-Esteem: A Terror Management Theory. In Public Self and Private Self, edited by Roy F. Baumeister, 189–212. New York, NY: Springer New York.
• Griggs, Ian. 2017. Graphic novel-style "Run,Hide,Tell"counter-terror campaign to be taught in schools and youth groups. PR Week digital edition; November 15. Available from <https://www.prweek.com/article/1450066/graphic-novel-style-run-hide-tell-counter-terror-campaign-taught-schools-youth-groups>. Accessed 24 April 2019.
• Grimm, Jürgen. 1998. Der Robespierre-Affekt: Nichtimitative Wege filmischer Aggressionsvermittlung. In Kultur in der Informationsgesellschaft: [Tagungsbericht über das dreizehnte wissenschaftliche Gespräch am 9. und 10. Dezember 1997 in Boppard, Bundesakademie für Öffentliche Verwaltung], edited by Walter A. Mahle, 101–122. Konstanz: UVK-Medien.
• Gump, Brooks B. and James A. Kulik. 1997. Stress, affiliation, and emotional contagion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72 (2):305–319.
• Gyr, Marcel. 2014. Als die Welt den Atem anhielt: Am «Skyjack Sunday» im September 1970 werden mehrere Flugzeuge nach Zerqa in die jordanische Wüste entführt. Neue Zürcher Zeitung Online; December 31. Available from <https://www.nzz.ch/schweiz/arabischer-terror-in-der-schweiz-4-1.18450914>. Accessed 20 May 2020.
• Hacked Off. 2019. Christchurch: When social media platforms became publishers of extremism and news websites became amplifiers of hatred. The role of traditional media companies in the publication and amplification of violent extremist propaganda and its implications for society and security. INFLECTION POINT: Hacked Off. Available from <https://hackinginquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/inflection-point.pdf>. Accessed 1 December 2019.
• Hall, Jonathan. 2020. The Terrorism Acts in 2018: Report Of The Independent Reviewer Of Terrorism Legislation On The Operation Of The Terrorism Acts 2000 And 2006. Presented to Parliament pursuant to Section 36(5) of the Terrorism Act 2006. Independent Reviewer Annual Report. London. Available from <https://terrorismlegislationreviewer.independent.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Terrorism-Acts-in-2018-Report-1.pdf>. Accessed 1 May 2020.
• Haller, Michael. 2017. Die „Flüchtlingskrise“ in den Medien: Tagesaktueller Journalismus zwischen Meinung und Information. Eine Studie der Otto Brenner Stiftung. OBS-Arbeitsheft 93. Frankfurt am Main: Otto Brenner Stiftung. Available from <https://www.otto-brenner-stiftung.de/fileadmin/user_data/stiftung/02_Wissenschaftsportal/03_Publikationen/AH93_Fluechtingskrise_Haller_2017_07_20.pdf>. Accessed 4 May 2020.
• Hammersmith BID. 2019. Major Hammersmith CCTV Project Launched: Hammersmith Business Improvement District(BID) in partnership with the Broadway Centre have successfully launched a vital upgrade to the town centre's CCTV network. Available from <https://hammersmithbid.co.uk/our-projects/safer-town/cctv-project/>. Accessed 2 August 2019.
• 2019. Hammersmith CCTV linked to Police and Council. London.
• Hampshire, James. 2005. Citizenship and belonging: Immigration and the politics of demographic governance in post-war Britain. Houndmills, Balsingstoke, Hampshire, New York: Palgrave.
• Hamzah, Aqil. 2019. Post-terror attack support network ropes in hospitals, polyclinics. The Straits Times online; July 11. Available from <www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/post-terror-attack-support-network-ropes-in-hospitals-polyclinics>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Hanes, Emma and Stephen Machin. 2014. Hate Crime in the Wake of Terror Attacks. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 30 (3):247–267.
• Harris, Toby Lord. 2016. An Independent Review Of: London's Preparedness To Major Terrorist Incident. London. Available from <https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/londons_preparedness_to_respond_to_a_major_terrorist_incident_-_independent_review_oct_2016.pdf>. Accessed 1 May 2020.
• Hassan, Jennifer and Siobhán O'Grady. 2019. ‘Hero’ bystanders took down the London Bridge attacker. They’re not the first to fight back. The Washington Post online ed; November 29. Available from <https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2019/11/29/hero-bystanders-took-down-london-bridge-attacker-theyre-not-first-fight-back/>. Accessed 30 April 2020.
• Hatfield, Elaine, John T. Cacioppo, and Richard L. Rapson. 2016. Emotional Contagion. Current Directions in Psychological Science 2 (3):96–99.
• Heart of London Business Alliance. 2016. Project Griffin Seminar: Member Events. Available from <https://heartoflondonbid.london/events/project-griffin-2/>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Hecker, Marc and Élie Tenenbaum. 2017. France vs. Jihadism: The Republic in a New Age of Terror. January 2017. Notes de l'Ifri: Ifri Security Studies Cener. Available from <https://www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/hecker_tenenbaum_france_vs_jihadism_2017.pdf>. Accessed 10 September 2018.
• Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 2014. Report of the War Office Committee of Enquiry into "Shell-shock": Presented to Parliament by command of his Majesty. [Gt. Brit. Parliament. Papers by command]. London: Imperial War Museum.
• Herrero, Alfonso González and Cornelius B. Pratt. 1996. An Integrated Symmetrical Model for Crisis-Communications Management. Journal of Public Relations Research 8 (2):79–105.
• Herron, Jonathan, A. G.C. Hay David, Andrew Gilliam, and T. J. Hodgetts. 2019. citizenAid: A life saving principle. Wehrmedizin und Wehrpharmazie; online ed.24.06.2019. Available from <https://wehrmed.de/article/3774-citizenaid-a-life-saving-principle.html>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Hewitt, Steve. 2008. The British war on terror: Terrorism and counterterrorism on the home front since 9-11. London: Continuum.
• HM Government. 2018. CONTEST: The United Kingdom's strategy for countering terrorism. June 2018. Cm. London: HM Government. Available from <https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/counter-terrorism-strategy-contest-2018>. Accessed 1 May 2020.
• Hobfoll, Stevan E. 1989. Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist 44 (3):513–524.
• Hobfoll, Stevan E., Daphna Canetti-Nisim, and Robert J. Johnson. 2006. Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and defensive coping among Jews and Arabs in Israel. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 74 (2):207–218.
• Hodgetts, T. J., Andy Thurgood, and Simon Clare. 2017. Moggy's coming. [Great Britain]: CitizenAID.
• Hoe, Gan Wee. 2018. Incorporating return-to-work as a treatment goal: Appropriate work activities help those recovering to heal faster. The Straits Times online; September 4. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/incorporating-return-to-work-as-a-treatment-goal>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Hofstede Insights. without year. Country comparison tool. Available from <https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison/singapore,the-uk/>. Accessed 18 May 2020
• Holling, C. S. 1973. Resilience and Stability of Ecological Systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 4 (1):1–23.
• Holman, Timothy. 2016. ‘Gonna Get Myself Connected’: The Role of Facilitation in Foreign Fighter Mobilizations. Perspectives On Terrorism 10 (2):2–23.
• Honeywood, Christian A. 2016. Britain’s Approach to Balancing Counter-Terrorism Laws with Human Rights. Journal of Strategic Security 9 (3):28–48.
• Hong, Jose. 2018. Act that expands police powers comes into force on May 16. The Straits Times online; May 15. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/act-that-expands-police-powers-comes-into-force-on-may-16>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Hosseini, Seyedmohsen, Kash Barker, and Jose E. Ramirez-Marquez. 2016. A review of definitions and measures of system resilience. Reliability Engineering & System Safety 145:47–61.
• Huijnk, Willem. 2018. Summary: The religious experience of Muslims in the Netherlands A focus on diversity and change. A focus on diversity and change. The Hague. Available from <https://english.scp.nl/binaries/scp-en/documents/publications/2018/06/07/summary---the-religious-experience-of-muslims-in-the-netherlands/The+religious+experience+of+Muslims+in+the+Netherlands_Summary.pdf>. Accessed 4 September 2019.
• Huntington, Samuel P. 1996. The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
• Hussain, Amir. 2015. Learn fire safety, life-saving skills at SCDF's new Emergency Preparedness Centre. The Straits Times online; February 2. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/learn-fire-safety-life-saving-skills-at-scdfs-new-emergency-preparedness-centre>. Accessed 20 March 2018.
• Hussin, Sabariah. 2018. Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism: The Singapore Approach. In Combatting violent extremism and terrorism in Asia and Europe: From cooperation to collaboration, edited by Christian Echle, Rohan Gunaratna, Patrick Rueppel and Megha Sarmah, 171–182. Singapore: RSIS/Konrad Adenauer Stiftung.
• Hwarng, Anne. 2014. When small hands play big roles. The New Paper; February 20. Available from <https://www.tnp.sg/news/others/when-small-hands-play-big-roles>. Accessed 8 October 2018.
• Infocenter der R+V Versicherung. 2019. Die Ängste der deutschen im Langzeitvergleich: Grafiken. R+V Langzeitstudie. Wiesbaden: Infocenter der R+V Versicherung. Available from <https://www.ruv.de/static-files/ruvde/Content/presse/die-aengste-der-deutschen/aengste-der-deutschen-langzeitvergleich/ruv-aengste-langzeitgrafiken.pdf>. Accessed 20 May 2020.
• Institut für Demoskopie Allensbach (IfD). 2016. Innere Sicherheit: Ergebnisse einer aktuellen Bevölkerungsumfrage. Primary Publication / Research Report. Berichte für das Bundespresseamt. Allensbach. Available from <https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-51702-9>. Accessed 9 September 2019.
• Ipsos MORI, ed. 2020. Perils of Perception Survey 2020: Causes of Death: Ipsos MORI. Available from <https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/publication/documents/2020-02/perils-of-perception-2020.pdf>. Accessed 11 May 2020.
• Ipsos Public Affairs. 2017. Die Sorgen der Deutschen im Wahljahr 2017. Presse-Information. Available from <https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/2017-06/Ipsos-PI_WhatWorriesWorld_Juni2017.pdf>.
• ITV News. 2017. Faith leaders 'stand together' in wake of Westminster terror attack. ITV News; March 23. Available from <https://www.itv.com/news/2017-03-23/faith-leaders-stand-together-in-wake-of-westminster-terror-attack/>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Ivandic, Ria, Tom Kirchmaier, and Stephen Machin. 2019. Jihadi Attacks, Media and Local Hate Crime. CEP Discussion Paper No1615. London: London School of Economics and Political Science. Available from <http://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp1615.pdf>. Accessed 20 April 2020.
• James, Sam Burne. 2017. New 750,000 pounds counter terrorism campaign tells public: "don't worry, don't delay, just act". PR Week digital edition; March 7. Available from <https://www.prweek.com/article/1426396/new-750000-counter-terror-comms-campaign-tells-public-dont-worry-dont-delay-just-act>. Accessed 25 April 2019.
• Jansen, Frank. 2015. Verkäuferin verhinderte den Anschlag auf das Radrennen. Der Tagesspiegel online; May 1. Available from <https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/oberursel-verkaeuferin-verhinderte-den-anschlag-auf-das-radrennen/11718452.html>. Accessed 19 May 2020.
• Jenkins, Brian Michael. 1980. The Study of Terrorism: Definitional Problems. The Rand Paper Series. Santa Monica, CA. Available from <https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/papers/2006/P6563.pdf>. Accessed 2 February 2016.
• Jenkins, Brian Michael. 2006. The New Age of Terrorism. Reprints. Available from <https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/reprints/2006/RAND_RP1215.pdf>. Accessed 9 May 2020.
• Jurong West Secondary School. 2019. National Civil Defence Cadet Corps (NCDCC): CCA Overview. Available from <https://jurongwestsec.moe.edu.sg/cca/uniformed-groups/national-civil-defence-cadet-corps-ncdcc-1>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Kabir, Nahid Afrose. 2010. Young British muslims: Identity, culture, politics and the media. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
• Kahr, Robert, Frank Robertz, and Rubern Wickenhäuser. 2017. Mediale Inszenierung von Amok und Terrorismus. Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte 7704. Bonn. Available from <http://www.bpb.de/apuz/240915/mediale-inszenierung-von-amok-und-terrorismus?p=all>. Accessed 4 June 2017.
• Kaniasty, Krys and Fran H Norris. 2004. Social support in the aftermath of disasters, catastrophes, and acts of terrorism: Altruistic, overwhelmed, uncertain, antagonistic, and patriotic communities. In Bioterrorism: Psychological and public health interventions, edited by Robert J. Ursano, Ann E. Norwood and Carol S. Fullerton, 200–229. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
• Karlsson, Niklas, George Loewenstein, and Duane Seppi. 2009. The ostrich effect: Selective attention to information. Journal of Risk and Uncertainty 38 (2):95–115.
• Kassin, Saul, Steven Fein, and Hazel Rose Markus. 2012. Social psychology. Belmont CA: Cengage Learning.
• Kaufmann, Stefan. 2015. Resilienz als Sicherheitsprogramm. In Resilienz im Sozialen, edited by Martin Endreß and Andrea Maurer, 295–312. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.
• Keller, Patrick. 2020. (Wehr-)Dienst für Deutschland?!: Eine Chance für Resilienz und gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt. #angeBAKS*t 6/20. Berlin: Bundesakademie für Sicherheitspolitik. Available from <https://www.baks.bund.de/sites/baks010/files/angebakst_20-6.pdf>. Accessed 9 July 2020.
• Kepplinger, Hans Mathias. 2016. Reciprocal Effects: Toward a Theory of Mass Media Effects on Decision Makers. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics 12 (2):3–23.
• Kilcullen, David. 2009. The accidental guerrilla: Fighting small wars in the midst of a big one. New York: Oxford University Press.
• Kim, Jaeshin. 2016. The effects of collective anger and fear on policy support in response to terrorist attacks. The Journal of social psychology 156 (5):455–468.
• Kim-Cohen, Julia and Rebecca Turkewitz. 2012. Resilience and measured gene-environment interactions. Development and psychopathology 24 (4):1297–1306.
• Klein, Kurt. 1987. Die geistigen und politisch-sozialen Ursachen des deutschen Terrorismus. In Gewalt und Terrorismus, edited by Der Bundesminister des Inneren, 47–64.
• Koh, Fabian. 2019a. Firms mindful of terror threat, have risk management plans: 60,000 employees are now part of scheme to secure workplaces. The Straits Times online; May 28. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/firms-mindful-of-terror-threat-have-risk-management-plans>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Koh, Fabian. 2019b. Young residents urged to join as citizen patrol volunteers: Only a fifth of Citizens on Patrol members are aged below 40. The Straits Times online; April 14. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/young-residents-urged-to-join-as-citizen-patrol-volunteers>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Kölner Stadt Anzeiger. 2017. Maas ermutigt zu friedlichen Demonstrationen beim AfD-Parteitag. Kölner Stadt Anzeiger online; April 22. Available from <https://www.ksta.de/maas-ermutigt-zu-friedlichen-demonstrationen-beim-afd-parteitag-26747144>.
• Kroenig, Matthew and Barry Pavel. 2012. How to Deter Terrorism. The Washington Quarterly 35 (2):21–36.
• Krowdthink. 2018. Disrupting Hostile Reconnaisance: Making the crowd a participatory threat sensor and responder. YouTube upload; November 27. Available from <https://youtu.be/5GjjNj2qDV0>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Krowdthink. 2019. KrowdSafe: Engage the crowd in keeping themselves safe. Available from <https://krowd.app/krowdsafe.html>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Kurpjuweit, Klaus. 2017. Nach Terroranschlag in Berlin: Charité bedauert Gebührenbescheide für Opfer-Angehörige. Der Tagesspiegel online; February 21. Available from <https://www.tagesspiegel.de/berlin/nach-terroranschlag-in-berlin-charite-bedauert-gebuehrenbescheide-fuer-opfer-angehoerige/19418808.html>. Accessed 8 March 2020.
• Kwang, Han Fook. 2019. Singapore’s Multiracialism: A Matter of Identity: Forging Cohesive Societies. RSiS Commentary No. 80 - 24 April 2019. Singapoore: S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University Singapore. Available from <https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/CO19080.pdf>. Accessed 22 August 2019.
• Kydd, Andrew H and Barbara F Walter. 2006. The Strategies of Terrorism. International Security Vol. 31 (1):49–80.
• LaFree, Gary and Laura Dugan. 2007. Introducing the Global Terrorism Database. Terrorism and Political Violence 19 (2):181–204.
• Lai, Allen Yu-Hung and Teck Boon Tan. 2012. Combating SARS and H1N1: insights and lessons from Singapore's public health control measures. ASEAS - Austrian Journal of South-East Asian Studies 5 (1):74–101.
• Lai, Linette. 2019. Parliament: Singapore prepared to 'err on the side of caution' to preserve racial harmony, says Shanmugam. The Straits Times online; April 1. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/shanmugam-singapore-prepared-to-err-on-the-side-of-caution-to-preserve-racial-harmony>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Laqueur, Walter. 2016. A History of Terrorism: Expanded Edition. Somerset, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
• Larsen, Mike and Justin Piché. 2009. Public vigilance Campaign and participatory Surveillance after 11 September 2001 187-202. In Surveillance: Power, Problems, and Politics, edited by Sean P Hier and Josh Greenberg, 187–202. Vancouver: UBC Press.
• Lasswell, Harold. 1948. The Structure and Function of Communication in Society. In The Communication of Ideas: a series of addresses, edited by Lyman Bryson, 37–51. New York, NY: Harper & Brorthers.
• Le Bon, Gustave. 2015. Psychologie der Massen: 12. Auflage. Hamburg: Nikol Verlag.
• Lee, Hsien Loong. 2016. Speech of PM Lee Hsien Loong at Official Launch of SGSecure, September 24. Published by Prime Minister's Office Singapore. Available from <https://www.pmo.gov.sg/Newsroom/pm-lee-hsien-loong-official-launch-sgsecure>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Lenczowski, John. 2012. Political-Ideological Warfare in Integrated Strategy, and its Basis in an Assessment of Soviet Reality. In Fighting the Ideological War: Winning Strategies from Communism to Islamism, edited by Patrick Sookhdeo and Katharine Cornell Gorka, 95–148. Mclean VA: Isaac Publishing.
• Lerner, Jennifer S., Roxana M. Gonzalez, Deborah A. Small, and Baruch Fischhoff. 2003. Effects of fear and anger on perceived risks of terrorism: A national field experiment. Psychological science 14 (2):144–150.
• Levenson, Robert W. 1996. Biological substrates of empathy and facial modulation of emotion: Two facets of the scientific legacy of John Lanzetta. Motivation and Emotion 20 (3):185–204.
• Levine, David K. and Robert A. Levine. 2006. Deterrence In The Cold War And The 'War On Terror'. Defence and Peace Economics 17 (6):605–617.
• Liang, Lim Yan and Sim, Walter. 2014. Little India Riot: One Year Later - The night that changed Singapore. The Strait Times; December 6. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/little-india-riot-one-year-later-the-night-that-changed-singapore>. Accessed 15.11.2019
• Lim, Paige. 2013. Crime prevention roadshow targeted at the elderly. The Straits Times online; February 24. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/crime-prevention-roadshow-targeted-at-the-elderly>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Linden, Stefanie Caroline and Edgar Jones. 2014. 'Shell shock' revisited: An examination of the case records of the National Hospital in London. Medical history 58 (4):519–545.
• Lippmann, Walter. 2013. Public opinion. s.l.: Merchant Books.
• Livingstone, W. D. 1987. Terrorism and the Media Revolution. In Fighting back: Winning the war against terrorism, edited by Neil C. Livingstone, 213–228. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books.
• Loh, Victor. 2019. All frontline police officers to train with soldiers to prepare for future joint patrols in public. Today Online; November 07. Available from <https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/all-frontline-police-officers-train-soldiers-prepare-future-joint-patrols-public>. Accessed 5 June 2020.
• London Resilience Forum, ed. 2016. London Resilience Partnership Strategy: V.2.0. October 2016: London Resilience Forum. Available from <https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/london_resilience_partnership_strategy_2016.pdf>. Accessed 23 March 2019.
• Lucini, Barbara. 2014. Disaster Resilience from a Sociological Perspective. Cham: Springer International Publishing.
• Mackinnon, Amy. 2020. 4 Key Takeaways From the British Report on Russian Interference. Foreign Policy online; July 21. Available from <https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/07/21/britain-report-russian-interference-brexit/>. Accessed 1 August 2020.
• Maguen, Shira, Anthony Papa, and Brett T. Litz. 2008. Coping with the threat of terrorism: A review. Anxiety, stress, and coping 21 (1):15–35.
• Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura. 2017. Factsheet: Presentation of Certificate Of Recognition For Muslim Religious Schools. 27 October 2017. Available from <https://www.gov.sg/~/sgpcmedia/media_releases/muis/press_release/P-20171027-1/attachment/Media%20Factsheet%20-%20ARS%20IECP%20Presentation%20Ceremony.pdf>. Accessed 25 September 2019.
• Markkanen, Sanna and Burgess, Gemma. 2015. Introduction to time banking and time credits: Working paper 1. Evaluating the Public Health Outcomes. Cambridge UK: Cambridge Centre for Housing and Planning Research. Available from <file:///C:/Users/Major/Downloads/Wisbech%20Time%20Credits%20Evaluation%20-%20Working%20paper%201%20-%20Introduction%20to%20time%20banking%20and%20time%20credits.pdf>. Accessed 24 May 2020.
• Masten, Ann S. 2016. Resilience in developing systems: The promise of integrated approaches. European Journal of Developmental Psychology 13 (3):297–312.
• Maulny, Jean-Pierre. 2017. Democracy and Terrorism: Experience in Coping with Terror Attacks in France. In Democracy and terrorism - experiences in coping with terror attacks: Case studies from Belgium, France, Israel and Norway, edited by Anna Maria Kellner, 15–30. Berlin: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, International Policy Analysis.
• Mayor of London Office For Policing And Crime, ed. 2020. Information Sharing Platform. DMPC Decision PCD 706. London: Mayor of London Office For Policing And Crime. Available from <https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/pcd_706_information_sharing_platform.pdf>. Accessed 20 May 2020.
• Mayor's Office Greater London Authority, ed. 2017. Harris Review into London’s Preparedness to Respond to A Major Terrorist Incident: Progress Report. One Year On. London. Available from <https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/progress_report_-_harris_review_into_londons_preparedness_to_respond_to_a_major_terrorist_incident.pdf>.
• McCombs, Maxwell E. and Donald L. Shaw. 1972. The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media. Public Opinion Quarterly 36 (2):176–187.
• McGrath, Steven. 2019. Counter Terrorism Policing - Information Sharing Platform: MOPAC Investment Advisory and Monitoring Meeting. Report by DCI Steven McGrath on behalf of the Deputy Commissioner v.3.0. London: Mayor of London Office For Policing And Crime. Available from <https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/pcd_706_information_sharing_platform.pdf>. Accessed 20 May 2020.
• Meaker, Morgan. 2017. For Dutch Moroccans, a campaign of fear: Once welcomed as guest workers, now viewed with mistrust. POLITICO online; March 15. Available from <https://www.politico.eu/article/for-dutch-moroccans-a-campaign-of-fear-amsterdam-netherlands-geert-wilders/>. Accessed 3 March 2019.
• Media Standards Trust, ed. 2019. The Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO): Five Years On. A reassessment. London: Media Standards Trust. Available from <http://mediastandardstrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/MST-IPSO-2019-Final-Version.pdf>. Accessed 20 May 2020.
• MEDIACOM, ed. 2017. NPCC Counter Terrorism Research: Key Findings. Prepared for the National Police Chiefs Council. Mediacom Insight. London: MEDIACOM. Available from <https://www.npcc.police.uk/ACT%20Campaign/NPCC%20Counter%20Terrorism%20Research%20Key%20Findings.pdf>. Accessed 24 April 2019.
• Mei, Tan Tam. 2017. Hospital preps for mass casualty incident: Rehearsal at Ng Teng Fong hospital ensures emergency preparedness. The Straits Times online; November 5. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/hospital-preps-for-mass-casualty-incident>. Accessed 4 June 2020.
• Metropolitan Police Service. 2019. PSO LONDON SHIELD: Mobile Application; Version 1.3. iOS. Available from <https://apps.apple.com/us/app/pso-london-shield/id1482303493>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Miller, Luke. 2014. Resilience for The Faith Sector: Emergency Planning and Response. Available from <https://slideplayer.com/slide/12966972/>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Min, Ang Hwee and Matthew Mohan. 2019. Stronger safeguards against foreign influence, updated restraining order as MRHA amendments passed. Channel News Asia; October 7. Available from <https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/religious-harmony-act-amendments-passed-restraining-order-11978508>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Minister of State Sam Tan. 2017. Speech at Launch of Return to Work Programme: Suntec Singapore Convention and Exhibition Centre, November 1. Published by Ministry of Manpower Singapore. Available from <https://www.mom.gov.sg/newsroom/speeches/2017/1101-speech-by-mos-tan-at-launch-of-return-to-work-programme>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Ministry of Communications and Information Singapore. 2017. SGSecure in the neighbourhood: A community of prepared citizens @ Kolam Ayer Constituency. News & Stories. Available from <https://www.mci.gov.sg/pressroom/news-and-stories/pressroom/2017/6/sgsecure-in-the-neighbourhood-a-community-of-prepared-citizens-at-kolam-ayer-constituency>. Accessed 2 August 2018.
• Ministry of Communications and Information Singapore. 2020a. Gov.SG. Public Comms Initiatives. Available from <https://www.mci.gov.sg/portfolios/public-comms/initiatives/others/govsg>. Accessed 8 May 2020.
• Ministry of Communications and Information Singapore. 2020b. SGSecure Media Cluster. Public Comms Initiatives. Available from <https://www.mci.gov.sg/portfolios/public-comms/initiatives/others/sgsecure-media-cluster>. Accessed 5 May 2020.
• Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth Singapore. 2017. Launch of BRIDGE to deepen religious understanding and strengthen social cohesion: Minister Grace Fu launched BRIDGE on 31 March 2017 to foster a better understanding and appreciation of religions and cultures in Singapore. Available from <https://www.mccy.gov.sg/about-us/news-and-resources/press-statements/2017/jan-jun/launch-of-bridge>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth Singapore, ed. 2019a. Security Advisories: For Religious and Community Organisations. Booklet. Singapore: Ministry of Communications and Information Singapore; Inter-Racial and Religious Confidence Circles; Singapore Police Force. Available from <https://www.ircc.sg/~/media/IRCC/Resouces%20PDF/2019/Security%20Advisories%20Booklet.pdf>.
• Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth Singapore. 2019b. History of IRCCs.
• Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth Singapore. 2019c. Inter-Racial and Religious Confidence Circles (IRCCs). Available from <https://www.mccy.gov.sg/sector/initiatives/inter-racial-and-religious-confidence-circles>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth Singapore. 2019d. Resilience Trails: SG Time Travellers. Available from <https://www.mccy.gov.sg/sector/initiatives/resilience-trails_sg-time-travellers>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth Singapore. 2019e. SGSecure Community Network (SGCN). Available from <https://www.mccy.gov.sg/sector/initiatives/sgsecure-community-network>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth Singapore. 2020a. Inter Racial Confidence Circle Renamed As Inter-Racial & Religious Confidence Circle: IRCC Milestones. 2007. Available from <https://www.ircc.sg/ABOUT%20IRCC/Milestones/2007>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Culture, Community and Youth Singapore. 2020b. Overview: About Inter-Racial and Religious Confidence Circles (IRCCs). Available from <https://www.ircc.sg/ABOUT%20IRCC/Overview>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Defence Singapore. 2020a. About: What is Total Defence? Available from <https://www.mindef.gov.sg/oms/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/totaldefence/about.html>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Defence Singapore. 2020b. Total Defence: Resources. Available from <https://www.mindef.gov.sg/oms/imindef/mindef_websites/topics/totaldefence/resources.html>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Health Singapore. 2020. Healthcare Schemes & Subsidies: View all healthcare financing schemes & subsidies available in Singapore such as MediShield Life, CareShield Life, MediSave, CHAS and ElderShield. Available from <https://www.moh.gov.sg/cost-financing/healthcare-schemes-subsidies>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. 2016. Exercise Heartbeat @Ng Teng Fong General Hospital. YouTube upload; October 28. Available from <https://youtu.be/bSUKnGbC_6c >. Accessed 07 March 2020
• Ministry of Home Affairs Republic of Singapore, ed. 2003. The Jemaah Islamiyah arrests and the threat of terrorism: White paper. Cmd. Singapore: Ministry of Home Affairs Republic of Singapore. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/docs/default-source/others/english.pdf>. Accessed 17 August 2019.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Republic of Singapore, ed. 2018a. Guidelines for Enhancing Building Security in Singapore (GEBSS). Singapore: Ministry of Home Affairs Republic of Singapore. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/docs/default-source/others/mha_guidelines_for_enhancing_building_security_in_singapore_2018.pdf>. Accessed 18 August 2019.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Republic of Singapore. 2018b. Infrastructure Protection Act to Take Effect from 18 Dec 2018. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/newsroom/press-release/news/infrastructure-protection-act-to-take-effect-from-18-dec-2018>. Accessed 18 August 2019.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. 2018. Civil Defence Lionhearter Club: Description of Duties. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/htvn/volunteer-opportunities/civil-defence/civil-defence-lionhearters-club/description-of-duties>. Accessed 8 October 2018.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. 2019a. Civil Defence Auxiliary Unit - Public Education Instructor. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/htvn/volunteer-opportunities/civil-defence/civil-defence-auxiliary-unit---auxiliary-public-education-instructor>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. 2019b. Singapore Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2019. Singapore: Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/newsroom/press-release/news/singapore-terrorism-threat-assessment-report-2019>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore, ed. 2019c. Singapore Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2019: Annexes and Appendix PDF. Singapoore: Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/sttar-annexes-and-appendix.pdf?sfvrsn=7d711b4a_0>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. 2019d. Civil Defence Auxiliary Unit: Enforcement Officers. Entry requirements. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/htvn/volunteer-opportunities/civil-defence/civil-defence-auxiliary-unit---auxiliary-enforcement-officer/volunteer-policies-you-need-to-know>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. 2019e. Civil Defence Auxiliary Unit: Fire Fighting and Rescue. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/htvn/volunteer-opportunities/civil-defence/civil-defence-auxiliary-unit---auxiliary-firefighting-and-rescue>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. 2019f. Neighbourhood Watch Zone. Home Team Volunteer Network. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/htvn/volunteer-opportunities/police/neighbourhood-watch-zone>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. 2019g. Neighbourhood Watch Zone: Our Beginnings. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/htvn/volunteer-opportunities/police/neighbourhood-watch-zone/description-of-duties>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. 2019h. Volunteer Special Constabulary: Police Officer. Our Beginnings. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/htvn/volunteer-opportunities/police/volunteer-special-constabulary---police-officer/description-of-duties>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. 2019i. Volunteer Special Constabulary: Police Officer. Home Team Volunteer Network. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/htvn/volunteer-opportunities/police/volunteer-special-constabulary---police-officer>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. 2019j. Volunteer Special Constabulary: Police Officer. Entry Requirements. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/htvn/volunteer-opportunities/police/volunteer-special-constabulary---police-officer/entry-requirements>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. 2019k. Volunteer Special Constabulary - Community. Home Team Volunteer Network. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/htvn/volunteer-opportunities/police/volunteer-special-constabulary---community>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. 2020a. Citizens on Patrol. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/htvn/volunteer-opportunities/police/citizens-on-patrol>. Accessed 3 June 2020.
• Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore. 2020b. Civil Defence Auxiliary Unit: Emergency Medical Services. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/htvn/volunteer-opportunities/civil-defence/civil-defence-auxiliary-unit---auxiliary-emergency-medical-services>. Accessed 2 June 2020.
• Ministry of Manpower Singapore, ed. 2017. SGSecure Guide For Workplaces: to raise preparedness against terrorism. Singapore: Ministry of Manpower Singapore. Available from <https://www.mom.gov.sg/-/media/mom/documents/employment-practices/sgsecure/guides/sgsecure-guide-for-workplaces.pdf?la=en&hash=286CDBFBEA4DEFDC087A369421EEAB50>. Accessed 23 March 2018.
• Ministry of Manpower Singapore, ed. 2019a. A Guide to Basic Psychological First Aid. SGSecure@Workplaces Bulletin. Singapore: Ministry of Manpower Singapore. Available from <https://www.mom.gov.sg/-/media/mom/documents/employment-practices/sgsecure/bulletin/bulletin-basic-psychological-first-aid.pdf?la=en&hash=5F86BF0489D9CF3F1AA6F3397D8E382F>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Manpower Singapore. 2019b. What is SGSecure@Workplaces. Available from <https://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/sgsecure/overview/what-is-sgsecure-workplaces>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Manpower Singapore. 2020a. SGSecure@Workplaces Modules. Singapore: Ministry of Manpower Singapore. Available from <https://www.mom.gov.sg/-/media/mom/documents/employment-practices/sgsecure/guides/sgsecure-modules.pdf>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Manpower Singapore. 2020b. SGSecure@Workplaces: SGSecure educational info and guides. Available from <https://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/sgsecure/resources>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Ministry of Manpower Singapore. 2020c. SGSecure@Workplaces. Employment practices. Available from <https://www.mom.gov.sg/employment-practices/sgsecure>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Mirbabaie, Milad Prof. Dr. 2020. Der Einsatz von Social Media in der Krisenkommunikation: Vortrag im Rahmen der 3. CP-Konferenz in Berlin am 31.01.2020. Melia Hotel Berlin, January 31.
• Mitchell, Tom. 2016. Together, we’ve got it covered.: Concept and campaign copy for Project Servator campaign for City Of London Police. Available from <https://tommitch.carbonmade.com/projects/5295884/23180232>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Mohamed Nasir, Kamaludeen and Bryan S. Turner. 2013. Governing as gardening: Reflections on soft authoritarianism in Singapore. Citizenship Studies 17 (3-4):339–352.
• Moyes, Rick and Jemima Mackenzie. July/2018. THE 2017 STEP CHANGE IN TERRORISM AND CANARY WHARF’S RESPONSE. In Terrorism Frequency Report 3/2018: Quaterly Report, edited by Pool Re, 10–11.
• Münch, Holger. 2017. Radikalisierung, Ausreise, Rückkehr: Lage und Handlungserfordernisse. In "Sie haben keinen Plan B": Radikalisierung, Ausreise, Rückkehr - zwischen Prävention und Intervention, edited by Jana Kärgel, 84–95. Bonn: bpb Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung.
• Münkler, Herfried. 2015. Kriegssplitter: Die Evolution der Gewalt im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert. Berlin.
• Münkler, Herfried and Felix Wassermann. 2012. Von strategischer Vulnerabilität zu strategischer Resilienz.: Die Herausforderung zukünftiger Sicherheitsforschung und Sicherheitspolitik. In Perspektiven der Sicherheitsforschung.: Beiträge aus dem Forschungsforum Öffentliche Sicherheit, edited by Gerhold, Lars & Schiller, Jochen, 77–95. Frankfurt: Peter Lang GmbH.
• Munzinger, Paul. 2015. Thomas de Maizière: Warum sagt er das? Süddeutsche Zeitung online; November 18. Available from <https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/thomas-de-maiziere-warum-sagt-er-das-1.2742900>. Accessed 30 April 2020.
• Mutz, Diana C. and Lilach Nir. 2010. Not Necessarily the News: Does Fictional Television Influence Real-World Policy Preferences? Mass Communication and Society 13 (2):196–217.
• Nacos, Brigitte L. 2006. Terrorism/Counterterrorism and Media in the age of Global Communication: Paper presented at Global Seminar Second Shimame-Yamaguchi Session "Terrorism - A Global Challenge", United Nations University, August 5. Available from <http://archive.unu.edu/gs/files/2006/shimane/Nacos_text_en.pdf>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Nacos, Brigitte L. 2007. Mass-Mediated Terrorism: The Central Role of the Media in Terrorism and Counterterrorism. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
• Nacos, Brigitte Lebens, Yaeli Bloch-Elkon, and Robert Y. Shapiro. 2011a. Selling fear: Counterterrorism, the media, and public opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Nacos, Brigitte Lebens, Robert Y. Shapiro, and Yaeli Bloch-Elkon. 2011b. Selling fear: Counterterrorism, the media, and public opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Nadarajan, Ben. 2012. Close watch: A nation's resolve to secure Singapore. Singapore: Straits Times Press.
• National Counter Terrorism Policing Headquarters. 2019. UK Protect National Bulletin: Protective Secuirty Information for the Business Community. Step Change Summit III. Available from <https://www.thecssc.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/UK-Protect-CT-Bulletin-Step-Change-20190318-FF-1.pdf>. Accessed 4 April 2019.
• National Counter Terrorism Security Office, ed. 2015. NaCTSO Guidance Note 1/2015: Developing Dynamic Lockdown Procedures. NaCTSO Guidance Notes 1/2015. London: National Counter Terrorism Security Office. Available from <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/478003/NaCTSO_Guidance_Note_1_-_2015_-_Dynamic_Lockdown_v1_0.pdf>. Accessed 17 March 2017.
• National Counter Terrorism Security Office, ed. June / 2017. Advice for security managers of crowded places following a change of threat level to CRITICAL. London: National Counter Terrorism Security Office. Available from <https://www.sia.homeoffice.gov.uk/Documents/nactso-advice-for-security-managers-of-crowded-places.pdf>. Accessed 20 April 2019.
• National Counter Terrorism Security Office, ed. 2017. Crowded Places Guidance. London: National Counter Terrorism Security Office. Available from <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/820082/170614_crowded-places-guidance_v1b.pdf>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• National Counter Terrorism Security Office, ed. 2018. National Stakeholder Menue of Tactical Options. London: National Counter Terrorism Security Office. Available from <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/754397/NSM_Tactical_Options_2018.pdf>. Accessed 23 April 2019.
• National Counter Terrorism Security Office. 2019a. Police call on public to sign up to free counter terrorism training: An award-winning counter terrorism training course is now available to the public for the first time and police want you to sign up and help protect the UK. Available from <https://www.gov.uk/government/news/police-call-on-public-to-sign-up-to-free-counter-terrorism-training>. Accessed 5 June 2020.
• National Counter Terrorism Security Office. 2020. CT training at your kitchen table .: Tens of thousands of people across the UK have been undertaking counter terrorism training from their kitchen tables during the lockdown. Available from <https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ct-training-at-your-kitchen-table>. Accessed 16 June 2020.
• National Counter Terrorism Security Office and St John Ambulance. 2018. St. John Public advice. Available from <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/742418/SJA_Public_Advice.pdf>. Accessed 18 May 2020.
• National Counter Terrorism Security Office and Ben Sir Wallace. 2017. News story: Action Counters Terrorism. Public urged to help communities defeat terrorism with new Action Counters Terrorism (ACT) campaign. Available from <https://www.gov.uk/government/news/action-counters-terrorism>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• National Heritage Board. 2019. Heritage Education Programmes: SG Time Travellers and Assembly Programme. Available from <https://www.nhb.gov.sg/what-we-do/our-work/community-engagement/education/heritage-education-programmes/all-ages/sg-time-travellers-and-assemby-programme>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• National Institute of Standards and Technology. 2018. Community Resilience. Available from <https://www.nist.gov/topics/community-resilience>. Accessed 3 August 2018.
• National Library Board Singapore. 2014. The Launch of National Education: 17th May 1997. Available from <https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/44fa0306-ddfe-41bc-8bde-8778ff198640>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• National Police Chiefs' Council. 2015. Counter terrorism police announce ground-breaking insurance initiative: Businesses and organisations that make improvements to their security arrangements under the Government’s ‘Crowded Places’ Programme will be eligible to apply for a financial incentive from this autumn. Available from <https://news.npcc.police.uk/releases/counter-terrorism-police-announce-ground-breaking-insurance-initiative>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• National Police Chiefs' Council. 2017. Run, Hide, Tell: Firearms and Weapons Attack. YouTube upload; October 20. Available from <https://youtu.be/CYPyZ3ErFy0>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• National Police Chiefs' Council, ed. 2018. ACT for YOUTH: Action Counter Terrorism. Helpful Advice: National Police Chiefs' Council. Available from <https://www.npcc.police.uk/ACT%20for%20Youth/ACT4YOUTH%20leaflet%20Dec.pdf>.
• National Police Chiefs' Council. 2019. Terror survivors call for businesses and religious organisations to help protect UK from attacks: Terror survivors have called for businesses and religious. Available from <https://news.npcc.police.uk/releases/terror-survivors-call-for-businesses-and-religious-organisations-to-help-protect-uk-from-attacks>. Accessed 19 May 2020.
• National Security Coordination Centre. 2004. The Fight Against Terror: Singapore's National Security Strategy. Singapore: National Security Coordination Centre. Available from <https://www.academia.edu/34876287/The_Fight_Against_Terror_The_Fight_Against_Terror_SINGAPORES_NATIONAL_SECURITY_STRATEGY>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• National University of Singapore. 2019. Virtual encounters with mass casualty incidents. Available from <http://news.nus.edu.sg/highlights/virtual-encounters-mass-casualty-incidents>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Neack, Laura. 2013. The New Foreign Policy: Complex Interactions, Competing Interests. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
• Nellis, Ashley Marie and Joanne Savage. 2012. Does Watching the News Affect Fear of Terrorism?: The Importance of Media Exposure on Terrorism Fear. Crime & Delinquency 58 (5):748–768.
• Nemr, Christina and William Gangware. March / 2019. Weapons of Mass Distraction: Foreign State-Sponsored Disinformation in the Digital Age. Available from <https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Weapons-of-Mass-Distraction-Foreign-State-Sponsored-Disinformation-in-the-Digital-Age.pdf>. Accessed 2 May 2020.
• Nesser, Petter. 2011. Ideologies of Jihad in Europe. Terrorism and Political Violence 23 (2):173–200.
• Nesser, Petter. 2018. Islamist terrorism in Europe: A history. London: Hurst & Company.
• 2019b. New Communities Defeat Terrorism campaign launched. London.
• New Statesman. 2015. The Age of Terror: A special issue on how Isis threatens the world. New Statesman 20-26 November:1.
• New York Post. 2015. Muslim Killers: Terror eyed as couple slaughters 14 in Calif. New York Post online; December 3. Available from <https://twitter.com/BahmanKalbasi/status/672415251938283520>. Accessed 24 May 2020.
• New Zeeland Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade. 2019. Christchurch Call: The Christchurch Call to Action. To Eliminate Terrorist and Violent Extremist Content Online. Available from <https://www.christchurchcall.com/christchurch-call.pdf>. Accessed 25 May 2020.
• News Wires. 2018. France and the challenge of tracking 20,000 suspected extremists. France 24; March 27. Available from <https://www.france24.com/en/20180326-france-challenge-tracking-20000-suspected-extremists-terrorism-trebes>. Accessed 29 April 2020.
• Newsweek. 2001. How Scared Should You Be?: Biological & Chemical TERROR. Newsweek; October 8: 1. Available from <https://www.amazon.com/Newsweek-Magazine-Vol-CXXXVIII-October/dp/B00UZ8CZDM>. Accessed 24 May 2020.
• North Yorkshire Police. 2018. Project Servator: Unpredictable policing tactics rolled out across Harrogate. News Stories; November 14. Available from <https://northyorkshire.police.uk/news/project-servator-unpredictable-policing-tactics-rolled-out-across-harrogate/>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• O'Boyle, Carol, Cheryl Robertson, and Molly Secor-Turner. 2006. Nurses' beliefs about public health emergencies: Fear of abandonment. American journal of infection control 34 (6):351–357.
• Packham, Amy. 2017. 'Moggy's Coming' Book Is Being Used In Schools To Teach Young Children About Terror Attacks: 'Be prepared, not scared.'. The Huffington Post (UK edition); August 22. Available from <https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/children-terror-attacks-schools_uk_599c21e4e4b0771ecb072d38?guccounter=1>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Pape, Robert A. 2009. The Strategic Logic of Suicide Terrorism. In Psychology of terrorism: Key readings ; classic and contemporary insights, edited by Jeff Victoroff, 157–184. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
• Papilio gemeinnützige GmbH. 2020. Papilio: Prevention programmes for nurseries, day-care centres and primary schools. Available from <https://www.papilio.de/english.html>. Accessed 3 May 2020.
• Park, Crystal L. and Susan Folkman. 1997. Meaning in the context of stress and coping. Review of General Psychology 1 (2):115–144.
• Paulo, Derrick A, Ruth Smalley, Anne-Marie Lim, and Corine Tiah. 2019. Inside the trauma unit: The surgeons who fight to save every life. Channel News Asia; December 29. Available from <https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/cnainsider/inside-trauma-unit-surgeon-save-life-tan-tock-seng-hospital-ttsh-10900288>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Pearce, Julia M., Lasse Lindekilde, David Parker, and M. Brooke Rogers. 2019. Communicating with the Public About Marauding Terrorist Firearms Attacks: Results from a Survey Experiment on Factors Influencing Intention to "Run, Hide, Tell" in the United Kingdom and Denmark. Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis 39 (8):1675–1694.
• Pei Hwa Presbyterian Primary School (PHPPS). 2020. National Education. Citizenship Education. Available from <https://peihwapresbyterianpri.moe.edu.sg/student-development/citizenship-education/national-education>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Pengelly, Eleri. 2011. Civil Contingencies Act Enhancement Programme (CCAEP): PROGRAMME INITIATION DOCUMENT. Available from <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/60886/CCA-Enhancement-Programme-PIDv1.7.pdf>. Accessed 28 March 2019.
• People's Association. 2018. Community Emergency and Engagement Committees. Available from <https://www.pa.gov.sg/our-network/grassroots-organisations/community-emergency-and-engagement-committees>.
• People's Association. 2019. Emergency Preparedness. Our Programmes. Available from <https://www.pa.gov.sg/Our-Programmes/Emergency-Preparedness>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• People's Association. 2020. About Us. Our Network. Available from <https://www.pa.gov.sg/our-network/about-us>.
• People's Association, Ministry of Home Affairs Singapore, Singapore Police Force, Singapore Civil Defence Force, and Pioneers. 2018. Pioneer Emergency Preparedness Day 2018 Poster: Joining us: Mr Cedric Foo Adviser to Pioneers Grassroots Organisations MP for Pioneer Constituency. 21 October 2018, Sunday 9.30am to 1.00pm. Available from <https://www.facebook.com/PioneerZone7RC/photos/a.319744078096763/2297632166974601/?type=3&theater>. Accessed 3 May 2019.
• PEW Research Center. 2019. Most believe immigrants increase risk of terrorism. Available from <https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2019/03/19/europeans-credit-eu-with-promoting-peace-and-prosperity-but-say-brussels-is-out-of-touch-with-its-citizens/pg_2019-03-19_views-of-the-eu_0-18/>. Accessed 12 May 2019.
• Phelps, Elizabeth A., Sam Ling, and Marisa Carrasco. 2006. Emotion facilitates perception and potentiates the perceptual benefits of attention. Psychological science 17 (4):292–299.
• Plutchik, Robert. 2001. The Nature of Emotions. American Scientist 89 (4):344.
• Polianskaya, Alina. 2017. London unites in peace and solidarity against terrorists: Thousands join vigil in Trafalgar Square for victims of Westminster terror attack. Camden NewJournal; March 24. Available from <http://camdennewjournal.com/article/london-unites-in-peace-and-solidarity-against-terrorists>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Police Crime Prevention Initiatives Limited. without yeara. Resilient Design Tool for Counter Terrorism: Towards integrated partnerships and solution. Available from <https://www.securedbydesign.com/images/downloads/resilient-design-tool-for-counter-terrorism.pdf>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Police Crime Prevention Initiatives Limited. without yearb. SBD National Building Approval (NBA): Our NBA Silver Award. Available from <https://www.securedbydesign.com/services/nba-member>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Police Crime Prevention Initiatives Limited. without yearc. Who We Are & What We Do. Secured by Design. Available from <https://www.securedbydesign.com/about-us/who-we-are-what-we-do>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Police Crime Prevention Initiatives Limited and Perpetuity Research and Consultancy International Limited. withoput year. Secured Environments: Home. Available from <https://www.securedenvironments.com>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Pool Re, ed. July/2018. Terrorism Frequency Report 3/2018: Quaterly Report 3: Pool Reinsurance Company Limited. Available from <https://www.poolre.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Pool-Re-Terrorism-Frequency-Report-3_2018.pdf>. Accessed 9 April 2019.
• Prati, Gabriele and Luca Pietrantoni. 2010. An application of the social support deterioration deterrence model to rescue workers. Journal of Community Psychology 38 (7):901–917.
• Press Recognition Panel, ed. 2020. Annual Report on the Recognition System: March 2020. Annual report on the recognition system 4. London: Press Recognition Panel. Available from <https://pressrecognitionpanel.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/PRP-Annual-Recognition-Report-March-2020.pdf>. Accessed 25 May 2020.
• Prior, Tim and Jonas Hagmann. March / 2012. Measuring Resilience: Benefits and Limitations of Resilience Indices. Commissoned by the Federal Office for Civil Protection (FOCP). SKI Focus Report 8. Zurich: Center for Security Studies (CSS), ETH Zürich. Available from <https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/173644/Focal-Report_-8-Measuring_Resilience_2013.pdf>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Prometheus Medical Ltd. 2017. Emergency Trauma Pack (ETP) Leaflet. Available from <file:///C:/Users/Major/Downloads/Emergency%20Trauma%20Pack%20Leaflet%20Front%20(1).pdf>. Accessed 18 May 2020.
• PSHE Association, and National Counter Terrorism Security Office, eds. November / 2017. RUN HIDE TELL: Teacher guidance notes and lesson plans for key stages 2 and 4. English curriculum version. London: PSHE Association; National Counter Terrorism Security Office. Available from <https://www.npcc.police.uk/ACT%20for%20Youth/Dec%20RUN%20HIDE%20TELL%20guidance%20and%20lesson%20plans%20English%20curric%20version%20FINAL%20101117.pdf>. Accessed 27 April 2019.
• Public Service Division at Prime Minister’s Office. 2015. SECURING SINGAPORE: FROM VULNERABILITY TO SELF-RELIANCE. Available from <https://www.psd.gov.sg/heartofpublicservice/our-institutions/securing-singapore-from-vulnerability-to-self-reliance/>.
• Public Service Division at Prime Minister's Office Singapore. 2015. OVERCOMING CRISES, BUILDING RESILIENCE: Although Singapore’s brief history has been marked by crisis and vulnerability, we have shown ourselves to be vigilant, prepared and determined to stand together as a nation. Available from <https://www.psd.gov.sg/heartofpublicservice/our-institutions/overcoming-crises-building-resilience/>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Quinlan, Michael. 2006. Deterrence and Deterrability. Contemporary Security Policy 25 (1):11–17.
• Rabert, Bernhard. 1995. Links- und Rechtsterrorismus in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland von 1970 bis heute. Bonn: Bernard und Graefe.
• Radlauer, Don. 2006. Rational Choice Deterrence and Israeli Counter-Terrorism. In Intelligence and Security Informatics, edited by David Hutchison, Takeo Kanade, Josef Kittler, Jon M. Kleinberg, Friedemann Mattern, John C. Mitchell, Moni Naor, Oscar Nierstrasz, C. Pandu Rangan, Bernhard Steffen, Madhu Sudan, Demetri Terzopoulos, Dough Tygar, Moshe Y. Vardi, Gerhard Weikum, Sharad Mehrotra, Daniel D. Zeng, Hsinchun Chen, Bhavani Thuraisingham and Fei-Yue Wang, 609–614. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
• Raeside, Wendy. 2019. Counter terrorism training event at Medway campus. Staff and Student News. Available from <https://blogs.kent.ac.uk/staff-student-news/2019/02/25/counter-terrorism-training-event-at-medway-campus/>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Ramakrishna, Kumar. "Muscular" versus "Liberal" Secularism and the Religious Fundamentalist Challenge in Singapore. RSIS Working Paper 202: S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, Nanyang Technological University Singapore. Available from <https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/117448/WP202.pdf>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Randall, Don, MBE. 2018a. CSSC in 2016: a framework for success. City Security Magazine [digital version]; August 20. Available from <https://citysecuritymagazine.com/police-partnerships/cssc-framework-success/>. Accessed 21 April 2019.
• Randall, Don, MBE. 2018b. Extending the reach of CSSC in 2018. City Security Magazine [digital version]. Available from <https://citysecuritymagazine.com/police-partnerships/cssc-2018/>. Accessed 21 April 2019.
• Rashith, Rahimah. 2019. 15% of respondents find Muslims threatening: IPS report. The Straits Times online; March 29. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/15-of-respondents-find-muslims-threatening>.
• Redwing, Ronald. 2018a. MATSE 81 Materials In Today's World: Lesson 4 Mechanical Properties. Resiliency and Toughness. Available from <https://www.e-education.psu.edu/matse81/print/book/export/html/2105>. Accessed 20 August 2017.
• Redwing, Ronald. 2018b. MATSE 81 Materials In Today's World: Lesson 4 Mechanical Properties. Plastic Deformation. Available from <https://www.e-education.psu.edu/matse81/node/2104>. Accessed 20 August 2017.
• Reporters Without Borders. 2019. 2019 World Press Freedom Index: Singapore. Available from <https://rsf.org/en/singapore>. Accessed 28 November 2019.
• Revo, ed. 2017. Guidance for general managers: Integrated safety management and major incidents in retail places. Guidance Note. Available from <https://nbcc.police.uk/images/guidance/Managing_a_major_incident_NEW.pdf>. Accessed 20 July 2019.
• Rigby, Peter and Brian Norris. 2015. Pool Re and National Counter Terrorism Security Office develop loss mitigation credit initiative. Available from <http://www.haggie-partners.com/pool-re-and-national-counter-terrorism-security-office-develop-loss-mitigation-credit-initiative/>. Accessed 17 April 2019.
• Rofe, Yacov. 1984. Stress and affiliation: A utility theory. Psychological Review 91 (2):235–250.
• Rofe, Yacov. 2006. Affiliation Tendencies on the Eve of the Iraqi War: A Utility Theory Perspective. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 36 (7):1781–1789.
• Rogers, Brooke. 2017. Posters, Police and the Public: How Counter-Terror Measures Change our Lives. Prospect Magazine online; May 31. Available from <https://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/politics/manchester-attack-army-streets-posters-counter-terror-measures-shape-our-built-environment-but-how-do-they-actually-work>. Accessed 10 May 2019.
• Roth, Florian and Tim Prior. 2014. The boundaries of building societal resilience: responsibilization and Swiss Civil defense in the Cold War. BEHEMOTH A Journal on Civilisation 7 (2):103–123.
• Rothkopf, David. 2016. National Insecurity. New York: PublicAffairs.
• Routledge, Clay, Jamie Arndt, Constantine Sedikides, and Tim Wildschut. 2008. A blast from the past: The terror management function of nostalgia. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44 (1):132–140.
• Sachi, Jaiesh. 2016. Volunteers Prove How Everyone Can Do Their Part to Keep Their Community Safe: The Zhenghua Silver Watch Group was officially launched on 9 July 2016 as part of a programme developed. Home Team News. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/hometeamnews/our-community/ViewArticle/keep-their-community-safe>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Schachter, Stanley. 1959. The psychology of affiliation: Experimental studies of the sources of gregariousness. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
• Schaurer, Florian and Joachim Ruff-Stahl. 2016. Hybride Bedrohung: Sicherheitspolitik in der Grauzone. In Internationale Sicherheit, edited by Bundeszentrale für Politische Bildung. Bonn.
• Schleifer, Ron. 2006. Psychological warfare in the Intifada: Israeli and Palestinian media politics and military strategies. Brighton, Portland: Sussex Academic Press.
• Schlieper-Damrich, Ralph. 2014. Logos und Krisis: Auseinandersetzung mit der Logotheorie Viktor E. Frankls im Hinblick auf eine pädagogische Begründung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Sinn und Krisenbewältigung. Dissertation, Helmut-Schmidt-Universität Hamburg, Hamburg.
• Schmid, Alex. 2005. Terrorism as Psychological Warfare. Democracy and Security 1 (2):137–146.
• Schmid, Alex and Janny de Graaf. 1982. Violence as communication: Insurgent terrorism and the Western news media. London, Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
• Securitas UK. 2016. Securitas first to receive approval from the Home Office for Project Griffin. Available from <https://www.securitas.uk.com/News/press-releases/securitas-first-to-receive-approval-from-home-office/>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Security Industry Authority. 2019. It’s the first time for 400,000 active SIA licences. Available from <https://www.sia.homeoffice.gov.uk/Documents/sia-update/eUpdate-1907.html#400,000>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Senatsverwaltung für Inners und Sport Berlin. 2017. Lageanalyse Hintergründe zu den Angehörigen des salafistischen Spektrums in Berlin. Berlin: Senatsverwaltung für Inners und Sport Berlin Abteilung Verfassungsschutz. Available from <https://www.verfassungsschutz.de/de/oeffentlichkeitsarbeit/publikationen/pb-islamismus/publikationen-landesbehoerden-islamismus/broschuere-be-2017-12-lageanalyse-salafistisches-spektrum-berlin>. Accessed 14 February 2018.
• Seow, Bei Yi. 2018. News footage of police storming Jewish supermarket in Paris could have put police and public at risk. The Straits Times online; February 27. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/news-footage-of-police-storming-jewish-supermarket-in-paris-could-have-put-police-and>. Accessed 25 May 2020.
• Shanaah, Sadi. 2019. Alienation or Cooperation?: British Muslims’ Attitudes to and Engagement in Counter-Terrorism and Counter-Extremism. Terrorism and Political Violence:1–22.
• Sherman, Casey. 2015. Boston strong: A city's triumph over tragedy. Lebanon, NH: ForeEdge An Imprint of University Press of New England.
• Shoemaker, Pamela J. and ʿAḳiva A. Kohen. 2006. News around the world: Content, practitioners, and the public. New York, NY: Routledge.
• Shoemaker, Pamela J. and Tim P. Vos. 2009. Gatekeeping theory. New York, NY: Routledge.
• Sikorski, Christian von, Desirée Schmuck, Jörg Matthes, and Alice Binder. 2017. “Muslims are not Terrorists”: Islamic State Coverage, Journalistic Differentiation Between Terrorism and Islam, Fear Reactions, and Attitudes Toward Muslims. Mass Communication and Society 20 (6):825–848.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force. 2015. Visit SCDF Establishments. Available from <https://www.scdf.gov.sg/home/community-volunteers/visit-scdf-establishments>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force. 2018a. CD Lionhearter Club. School Programmes. Available from <https://www.scdf.gov.sg/home/community-volunteers/community-preparedness/school-programmes/cd-lionhearter-club>. Accessed 8 October 2018.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force. 2018b. Community Driven Exercises. Available from <https://www.scdf.gov.sg/home/community-volunteers/community-preparedness/community-programmes/community-driven-exercises>. Accessed 25 September 2018.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force. 2018c. Community Programmes. Community Preparedness. Available from <https://www.scdf.gov.sg/home/community-volunteers/community-preparedness/community-programmes>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force. 2018d. Industrial / Commercial Programmes. Available from <https://www.scdf.gov.sg/home/community-volunteers/community-preparedness/industrial-commercial-programmes>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force. 2018e. Learning Journeys. School Programmes. Available from <https://www.scdf.gov.sg/home/community-volunteers/community-preparedness/school-programmes/learning-journeys>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force. 2018f. Social Studies Syllabus. Available from <https://www.scdf.gov.sg/home/community-volunteers/community-preparedness/school-programmes/social-studies-syllabus>. Accessed 20 September 2018.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force. 2018g. Safe-A-Life: Togetehr A Nation Of Lifesavers. Heartware. Available from <https://www.scdf.gov.sg/savealife/heartware>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force. 2019a. Emergency Ready Bag. Available from <https://www.scdf.gov.sg/home/community-volunteers/community-preparedness/community-programmes/ready-bag>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force. 2019b. SCDF-PA CD Ready Homes Programme. Available from <https://www.scdf.gov.sg/home/community-volunteers/community-preparedness/community-programmes/scdf-pa-cd-ready-homes-programme>. Accessed 2 June 2020.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force, ed. 2019c. Civil Defence Emergency Handbook: 8th edition. English version. Singapore: Singapore Civil Defence Force. Available from <https://www.scdf.gov.sg/docs/default-source/scdf-library/publications/publications/5372-scdf-emergency-handbook(eng)_edited_11_6_2019.pdf>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force. 2020a. Community Emergency Preparedness Programme (CEPP). Available from <https://www.scdf.gov.sg/home/community-volunteers/community-emergency-preparedness-programme-(cepp)>. Accessed 2 April 2020.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force. 2020b. Company Emergency Response Team (CERT). Available from <https://www.scdf.gov.sg/home/fire-safety/cert>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force. 2020c. myResponder app: Singapore Civil Defence Force. Android. Available from <https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=sg.gov.scdf.RescuerApp&hl=en_US>. Accessed 6 June 2020.
• Singapore Civil Defence Force, and People's Association, eds. 2019. Civil Defence Ready Homes: Self-Validation Checklist. Booklet. Singapore: Singapore Civil Defence Force; People's Association. Available from <https://www.scdf.gov.sg/docs/default-source/scdf-library/publications/publications/cdreadyhomesbooklet_.pdf>. Accessed 03.04.02020.
• Singapore Discovery Centre. 2018a. AREA51o Thriller Event: 24. March 2018 from 11:00 to 18:00. Singapore Discovery Centre. Available from <https://www.facebook.com/events/354834164991138/>. Accessed 5 May 2020.
• Singapore Discovery Centre. 2018b. Singapore Discovery Centre: Organized Tours. Available from <https://www.sdc.com.sg/organized-tours.php>. Accessed 12 December 2018.
• Singapore Discovery Centre. 2018c. Singapore Discovery Centre: Play.Discover.Learn. Available from <https://www.sdc.com.sg>. Accessed 12 December 2018.
• Singapore Discovery Centre. 2019. Operation Lightning Crush: Only on 7 Sep 2019. 2 more days to Our Army Days! Available from <https://www.loopme.sg/live-post/fp6ZDWfxlYsWCRK6>. Accessed 5 May 2020.
• Singapore Discovery Centre. 2020. Post-Secondary Education Programmes 2020: Booklet. Singapore: Singapore Discovery Centre. Available from <www.sdc.com.sg/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/SCD-PSEI-2020.pdf>. Accessed 5 May 2020.
• Singapore Police Force. 2017a. Hotel Industry Safety And Secuirty Watch Group Counter-Terrorism Seminar: Public Affairs Department. Available from <https://www.police.gov.sg/media-room/news/20170519_others_hotel_industry_sswg>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Singapore Police Force, ed. 2017b. Contingency Planning And Protective Security Advisories for Workplaces: E-Book 2. Singapore: Singapore Police Force. Available from <https://www.sgsecure.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/contingency-planning-and-protective-security-advisories-for-workplaces.pdf>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Singapore Police Force, ed. 06.2019. IMPLEMENTATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION ACT TO ENHANCE BUILDING SECURITY IN SINGAPORE MHA 112/2/96/001. Singapore: Singapore Police Force. Available from <https://www.corenet.gov.sg/media/2268551/implementation-of-ipa-to-enhance-building-security-in-sg-v6march-.pdf>. Accessed 18 August 2019.
• Singapore Police Force, ed. 2019a. Singapore Police Force Annual 2018: Safeguarding Every Day. SPF Annual Report. Singapore: Singapore Police Force. Available from <https://www.police.gov.sg/~/media/6e3a542aa94f4180ae6133cd185520af.ashx>. Accessed 4 June 2020.
• Singapore Police Force. 2019b. Riders-On-Watch: FAQs on Riders-On-Watch scheme. Available from <https://www.police.gov.sg/Community/Community-Programmes/Riders-On-Watch>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Singapore Police Force. 2019c. Industry Safety and Security Watch Group. Available from <https://www.police.gov.sg/Community/Community-Programmes/Industry-Safety-and-Security-Watch-Group>.
• Singapore Police Force. 2020a. Safety and Security Watch Group. Available from <https://www.police.gov.sg/Community/Community-Programmes/Safety-and-Security-Watch-Group>. Accessed 3 April 2020.
• Singapore Police Force. 2020b. Safety and Security Watch Group: Corporate First Responder Scheme. Available from <https://www.police.gov.sg/Community/Community-Programmes/Safety-and-Security-Watch-Group>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Singapore Police Force. 2020c. Safety and Security Watch Group: Project Guardian Scheme. Resources. Available from <https://www.police.gov.sg/Community/Community-Programmes/Safety-and-Security-Watch-Group>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Singapore Statues Online, ed. 1987. Internal Security Act (Chapter 143) ISA: Revised Edition 1985. (Original Enactment: M Act 18 of 1960) Informal Consolidation - version in force from 01/01/2020. Singapore: Singapore Parliament. Available from <https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/ISA1960>. Accessed 5 June 2020.
• Singapore Statues Online, ed. 2000. Singapore Armed Forces Act (Chapter 295) SAFA1972: Revised Edition 2000. (Original Enactment: Act 7 of 1971) Informal Consolidation - version in force from 18.12.2018. Singapore: Singapore Parliament. Available from <https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/SAFA1972>. Accessed 8 March 2019.
• Singapore Statues Online, ed. 2001. Maintenance of Religious Harmony Act (Chapter 167A) MRHA: Revised Edition 2001. (Original Enactment: act 26 of 1990) Informal Consolidation - version in force from 2/1/2011. Singapore: Singapore Parliament. Available from <https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/MRHA1990#legis>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Singapore Statues Online, ed. 2009. Administration Of Muslim Law Act (Chapter 3) AMLA: Revised Edition 2009. (Original enactment: Act 27 of 1966) Informal Consolidation - version in force from 22/10/2018. Singapore: Singapore Parliament. Available from <sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/AMLA1966>. Accessed 8 March 2019.
• Singapore Statues Online, ed. 2017. Infrastructure Protection Act 2017 IPA: (No. 41 of 2017) Informal Consolidation - version in force from 18/12/2018. Singapore: Singapore Parliament. Available from <https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/IPA2017>. Accessed 5 June 2020.
• Singapore Statues Online, ed. 2018. Public Order and Safety (Special Powers) Act 2018 POSSPA2018: (No. 26 of 2018) Informal Consolidation - version in force from 1/1/2020. Singapore: Singapore Parliament. Available from <https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/POSSPA2018>. Accessed 5 June 2020.
• Smith, Emily Esfahani. 2017. The power of meaning: Crafting a life that matters. New York: Crown.
• 2017. 'Soft sentence' correction scheme extended to terror offences: 19 terror-related offences will be added to Unduly Lenient Sentence scheme to keep families and communities safe. London.
• Solomon, Sheldon, Jeff Greenberg, and Thomas A. Pyszczynski. 2015. The worm at the core: On the role of death in life. London: Hamish Hamilton.
• Southwick, Steven M., George A. Bonanno, Ann S. Masten, Catherine Panter-Brick, and Rachel Yehuda. 2014. Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: Interdisciplinary perspectives. European journal of psychotraumatology 5.
• Spence, Patric R., Kenneth A. Lachlan, and Jennifer M. Burke. 2007. Adjusting To Uncertainty: Coping Strategies Among The Displaced After Hurricane Katrina. Sociological Spectrum 27 (6):653–678.
• Sumpter, Cameron. 2017. Terror in Finsbury Park: Copycat Retaliation or Cumulative Radicalisation? RSiS Commentary No. 122 - 21 June 2017. Singapore. Available from <www.rsis.edu.sg>. Accessed 30 October 2017.
• Survivors Against Terror, ed. 2018. Giving Voice to Survivors: A survey of the views of survivors of Terrorist attacks. (Keine Angabe). London: Survivors Against Terror. Available from <http://www.survivorsagainstterror.org.uk/assets/downloads/sat_survey_14_nov_formatted_v3.pdf>. Accessed 20 January 2019.
• Tan, Sue-Ann. 2013. SCDF launches junior civil defence programme for primary schools. The Straits Times online; April 13. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/scdf-launches-junior-civil-defence-programme-for-primary-schools>. Accessed 8 October 2018.
• Tan, Theresa. 2019. Debate on ministries’ budgets: Needy Singaporeans to get more in monthly aid. The Straits Times online; March 6. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/needy-singaporeans-to-get-more-in-monthly-aid>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• Tay, Tiffany Fumiko. 2017. Getting students engaged in Singapore's Total Defence. The Straits Times online; February 17. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/getting-students-engaged-in-singapores-total-defence>. Accessed 20 May 2020.
• Taylor, Adam. 2014. What MH370 hijacking theories can’t explain. The Washington Post Online; March 17. Available from <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/03/17/what-mh370-hijacking-theories-cant-explain/>. Accessed 20 May 2020.
• The Crown Prosecution Service, ed. 2019. Unduly Lenient Sentences: Legal Guidance. The Code for Crown Prosecutors. London: The Crown Prosecution Service. Available from <https://www.cps.gov.uk/legal-guidance/unduly-lenient-sentences>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• The Daily Record. 2007. I kicked burning terrorist so hard in the balls that I broke a tendon in my foot. The Daily Record July 4:1.
• The Daily Telegraph (Sydney). 2014. EVIL STRIKES OUR HEART: Terrorist seizes Martin Place café Takes up to 20 hostages, 5 escape Gunman on bail over murder City in lockdown. The Daily Telegraph (Sydney) 16 December:1.
• The Front Row Partnership. 2017. Ant Middleton joins a host of stars for the 'RUN, HIDE, TELL' campaign. Available from <http://www.frontrowpartnership.com/news/ant-middleton-joins-a-host-of-stars-for-the>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• The Independent. 2001. Doomsday America: Thousands Killed After Hijacked Planes are Crashed into World Trade Centre and Pentagon. The Independent; September 12: 1. Available from <https://www.icp.org/browse/archive/objects/newspaper-doomsday-america-thousands-killed-after-hijacked-planes-are-crashed>. Accessed 24 May 2020.
• The Scottish Daily Mail. 2019. BRAVERY On THE BRIDGE. The Scottish Daily Mail. November 30:1
• Available from < https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-50613079>. Accessed 18 May 2020.
• The Straits Times. 2016. How Singapore learnt to cope with Sars outbreak: Content provided by National Library Board. The Straits Times online; October 20. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/how-singapore-learned-to-cope-with-sars-outbreak>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• The Straits Times. 2020. How coronavirus is spreading across the world. The Straits Times; August 18. Available from <https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/2020/02/wuhan-virus-numbers/index.html>. Accessed 18 August 2020.
• The Sun on Sunday. 2015. LOOK IN MY EYES THEN DIE: Gunman's sick demand - Brit among gig victims - Fiends pose as refugees - Sucicide bomber was 15. : 1. Available from <Alamy Stock photos Picture ID: 2A6020D>. Accessed 24 May 2020.
• The White House, ed. 2010. National Security Strategy: May 2010. Washington, D.C: The White House. Available from <https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/national_security_strategy.pdf>. Accessed 15 February 2019.
• Thurgood, Andy. 2018. Version 2 of citizenAID: Number 1 trending medical APP. Available from <https://www.citizenaid.org/single-post/2018/10/25/Version-2-of-citizenAID---Number-1-trending-medical-APP>. Accessed 9 March 2019.
• Today Online. 2016. Police cameras provide leads in 1,100 cases, more will be deployed. Today Online; July 10. Available from <https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/police-cameras-provide-leads-1100-cases-more-will-be-deployed>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Trager, Robert F. and Dessislava P. Zagorcheva. 2006. Deterring Terrorism: It Can Be Done. International Security 30 (3):87–123.
• Truc, Gérôme. 2017. Shell Shocked: The Social Response to Terrorist Attacks. (English Edition) Kindle. Cambridge: Polity.
• Tuman, Joseph S. 2010. Communicating Terror: The Rhetorical Dimensions of Terrorism. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications.
• UK Government, ed. 2018. Hate crime, England and Wales, 2017/ 18. Statistical Bulletin. London: UK Home Office. Available from <https://www.webarchive.org.uk/access/resolve/20181023024703/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/748598/hate-crime-1718-hosb2018.pdf>.
• UK Home Office, ed. 2012. Crowded Places: The Planning System and Counter-Terrorism. London: UK Home Office. Available from <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/375208/Crowded_Places-Planning_System-Jan_2012.pdf>. Accessed 15 April 2020.
• UK Home Office. 2020a. Government proposes duty to protect public spaces from terror: Government to consult on Protect Duty to improve safety and security at public venues and spaces. Available from <https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-proposes-duty-to-protect-public-spaces-from-terror>. Accessed 5 June 2020.
• UK Home Office. 2020b. Policing gets biggest funding boost in decade to put more bobbies on the beat: This will allow police to deliver on the people’s priorities and recruit first wave of 20,000 additional officers. News story. Available from <https://www.gov.uk/government/news/policing-gets-biggest-funding-boost-in-decade-to-put-more-bobbies-on-the-beat>. Accessed 5 June 2020.
• UK Home Office; Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure (UK); National Counter Terrorism Security Office. 2014. Protecting Crowded Places: Design and Technical Issues. Revised March 2014. London: UK Home Office; Centre for the Protection of National Infrastructure (UK); National Counter Terrorism Security Office. Available from <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/302016/DesignTechnicalIssues2014.pdf>. Accessed 1 June 2020.
• UK Home Office and Defence and Security Accelerator. 2019. Crowd safety app to launch following Home Office funding: New app to be launched to help keep people safe in crowded places. News Story. Available from <https://www.gov.uk/government/news/crowd-safety-app-to-launch-following-home-office-funding>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• UK Home Office and UK Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport. 2020. Online Harms White Paper: Initial consultation response. Closed consultation. Available from <https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/online-harms-white-paper/public-feedback/online-harms-white-paper-initial-consultation-response#executive-summary>. Accessed 20 May 2020.
• United Nations Inter-Agency Secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR), ed. 2015. Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters. Extract from the final report of the World Conference on Disaster Reduction. Geneva: United Nations Inter-Agency Secretariat of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UN/ISDR). Available from <https://www.unisdr.org/2005/wcdr/intergover/official-doc/L-docs/Hyogo-framework-for-action-english.pdf>. Accessed 12 August 2017.
• University of London. 2019. The story behind ‘Keep Calm and Carry On’. The poster's fascinating history began at Senate House where it was issued through the Ministry of Defense during the Second World War. Available from <https://london.ac.uk/about-us/history-university-london/story-behind-keep-calm-and-carry>. Accessed 15 November 2019.
• Vasu, Norman, ed. 2007. Social resilience in Singapore: Reflections from the London bombings. Singapore: Select Publ.
• Vedantam, Shankar. 2017. The Good Old Days: Nostalgia Isn't Just A Fixation On The Past - It Can Be About The Future, Too. National Public Radio (NPR); October 16. Available from <https://www.npr.org/2017/10/16/558055384/nostalgia-isnt-just-a-fixation-on-the-past-it-can-be-about-the-future-too>. Accessed 13 November 2017.
• Verkaik, Robert. 2014. Muslim leaders blame Blair's war on Iraq for growing alienation. The Independent online; April 1. Available from <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/muslim-leaders-blame-blairs-war-on-iraq-for-growing-alienation-568404.html>. Accessed 18 May 2020.
• Verner, Duane, Frederic Petit, and Kibaek Kim. 2017. Incorporating Prioritization in Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience Programs. Homeland Security Affairs October (13):Article 7.
• Vidino, Lorenzo and James Brandon. 2012. Europe's experience in countering radicalisation: Approaches and challenges. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism 7 (2):163–179.
• Vowe, Gerhard. 2013. Final report. Societal dimensions in safety research.: Subproject: Safety, perception, overviews of the situation, conditions and expectations. A monitoring on safety in Germany. Düsseldorf: Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf. Available from <http://edok01.tib.uni-hannover.de/edoks/e01fb14/803817401.pdf>. Accessed 10 February 2018.
• Walsh, Kenneth T. 2013. George W. Bush's 'Bullhorn' Moment: Three days after 9/11, Bush stood atop the rubble in New York and found his presidency's cause. usnews.com; April 25. Available from <https://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/ken-walshs-washington/2013/04/25/george-w-bushs-bullhorn-moment>. Accessed 3 May 2020.
• Wedding, Danny and Robert Furey. 2013. Learned Resilience: Making Them “Army Strong”. PsycCRITIQUES 58 (43).
• Wheeler, Everett L. 1991. Terrorism and military theory: An historical perspective. Terrorism and Political Violence 3 (1):6–33.
• White, Jessica. 2020. Terrorism and the Mass Media. RUSI Occasional Papers. London: Royal United Services Institute. Available from <https://rusi.org/sites/default/files/terrorism_and_the_mass_media_final_web_version.pdf>.
• Whiteside, Philip. 2018. 'Heartbroken' Mayor attacks Government over latest London 'murders': Sadiq Khan joins other politicians in attacking Government cuts which he says are not sustainable after seven die since Friday. Available from <https://news.sky.com/story/man-in-his-20s-killed-in-london-stabbing-11317084>. Accessed 15 May 2020.
• Wilkinson, Paul. 1986. Terrorism versus Liberal Democracy: The Problems of Response. In Contemporary terrorism, edited by William Frank Gutteridge, 3–28. New York: Institute for the Study of Conflict.
• Wilner, Alex S. 2011. Deterring the Undeterrable: Coercion, Denial, and Delegitimization in Counterterrorism. Journal of Strategic Studies 34 (1):3–37.
• Wojciechowski, Sebastian. 2009. Why is it so Difficult to Define Terrorism? Polish Political Science Yearbook 38 (1):5–8.
• Wolchover, David and Amanda Robinson. 2020. IS BREXIT A RUSSIA-BACKED COUP? New Law Journal; January 24. Available from <https://www.newlawjournal.co.uk/content/is-brexit-a-russia-backed-coup>. Accessed 25 May 2020.
• Wong, Pei Ting. 2017. SGSecure to shift focus from raising terror awareness to preparedness. Today Online; September 27. Available from <https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/sgsecure-shift-focus-raising-terror-awareness-preparedness>. Accessed 8 March 2018.
• Yehuda, Rachel, Nikolaos P. Daskalakis, Frank Desarnaud, Iouri Makotkine, Amy L. Lehrner, Erin Koch, Janine D. Flory, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Michael J. Meaney, and Linda M. Bierer. 2013. Epigenetic Biomarkers as Predictors and Correlates of Symptom Improvement Following Psychotherapy in Combat Veterans with PTSD. Frontiers in psychiatry 4:118.
• Yeo, Mabelle. 2016. Counter-Terrorism Seminars Launched to Rope in Business Community in Fight against Terror: The Singapore Police Force on Monday, 18 July 2016, held its inaugural SGSecure Safety and Security Watch Group. Available from <https://www.mha.gov.sg/hometeamnews/on-assignment/ViewArticle/community-in-fight-against-terror>. Accessed 30 May 2020.
• Yin, Robert K. 2001. Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publ.
• Yio Chu Kang Primary School. 2018. Civil Defence (CD) Lionhearters Training: As part of the Junior Civil Defence Lionhearters Programme, selected P4 and P5 Scouts and Brownies attended hard-skill training on 27 July 2018. Character & Citizenship Education. Available from <https://yiochukangpri.moe.edu.sg/departments/character-n-citizenship-education-cce/civil-defence-cd-lionhearters-training>. Accessed 8 October 2018.
• Zadra, Jonathan R. and Gerald L. Clore. 2011. Emotion and perception: The role of affective information. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Cognitive science 2 (6):676–685.
• Zaidi, M. 2012. Counterterrorism’s future. Dawn Today's Paper online; June 25. Available from <https://www.dawn.com/news/729278/counterterrorisms-future>. Accessed 30 April 2018.
• ZEIT ONLINE. 2019. Protest gegen den AfD-Parteitag. ZEIT ONLINE; November 30. Available from <https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2019-11/gegendemonstration-afd-parteitag-braunschweig-massenprotest>. Accessed 3 May 2020.
• Zhang, Lim Min. 2018. Fight to survive zombie apocalypse on Saturday at the SDC: The New Paper; March 22. Singapore. Available from <https://www.tnp.sg/news/singapore/fight-survive-zombie-apocalypse-saturday-sdc>. Accessed 5 May 2020.
• Zimmermann, Doron. 2003. The Transformation of Terrorism: The “New Terrorism,” Impact Scalability and the Dynamic of Reciprocal Threat Perception. Zürcher Beiträge zur Sicherheitspolitik und Konfliktforschung 67. Available from <http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/eserv/eth:26433/eth-26433-01.pdf>. Accessed 16 March 2016.
• ZOLL Medical Corporation. 2018. ZOLL Awarded Singapore’s Save-A-Life Initiative to Install 5,000 AED Plus Units in Public Housing. News Release. Available from <https://www.zoll.com/news-releases/2018/05/03/singapores-save-a-life-initiative>. Accessed 20 February 2019.