What are the implications of China’s growing presence for the OSCE? This is a pressing issue for the Organization and its participating States given the importance of relations with China and their increasingly acrimonious nature. In answering this question, we analyse the impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on three OSCE subregions: Central Asia, the South Caucasus and Eastern Europe, and the Western Balkans. Our analysis draws on insights from a wide range of sources, including papers commissioned from local and regional experts, government and think tank reports, and a survey of the vast secondary literature on the topic. We conclude that, while the impact of the BRI varies across the three subregions, it has significant geopolitical and geo-economic implications that the OSCE cannot afford to ignore. Based on our analysis, we offer recommendations for OSCE engagement with China and the BRI.
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