As Prime Minister and Finance Minister of Luxembourg over several decades, Pierre Werner shaped the future of his country and was one of the rare statesmen to play a part in the progress of European integration until the mid-1980s. He played a major role in regional integration (BLEU, Benelux) and in EEC policy-making and gained a strong reputation for forging a political consensus between larger powers (Germany and France) and between diametrically opposed positions (‘economists’ vs ‘monetarists’). In this way he succeeded in defending Luxembourg’s vital interests, from the financial centre to the seats of the European institutions. Werner was involved in the major ideological debates of the time. Although initially in favour of a monetary approach, he was one of the first to develop arguments for a symmetrical economic and monetary union. The careful balance he imagined reappeared in the Werner Report of 1970 - a precursor to a full EMU in the EU. Based on the Werner family archives, and on an extensive selection of original interviews and published works, this paper examines Pierre Werner’s thinking and political action and his vital input to the European monetary integration.
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