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The EU Green Deal and its Implementation / Tax and Environment in Brazil and Germany
The EU Green Deal and its Implementation / Tax and Environment in Brazil and Germany
Contents
Chapter
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1–10
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis
1–10
Details
11–16
Welcome and introduction by Kai Stührenberg
11–16
Details
19–42
Fundamentals
19–42
Nachhaltigkeitswende durch das EU-Klimapaket „Fit for 55“ nach der Klimakonferenz von Glasgow
Details
I. Abgrenzung zum nationalen Klimaschutzrecht
II. Initialzündung Green Deal: CO2-Neutralität bis 2050 durch Übergang zu einer umweltfreundlichen Wirtschaft
1. Entwicklung
2. Tiefgreifende Umgestaltung der Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft
III. EU-Klimagesetz
IV. Grundlagen des EU-Klimapakets
1. Realisierung der Ziele des EU-Klimagesetzes
2. Abgleich mit BVerfG-Klimabeschluss
3. „Paket zusammenhängender Vorschläge“
4. Tragfähige Wirtschaft durch Klimaschutz
a) Grundlagenfunktion des Klimaschutzes
b) Ausgleich von Ökologie, Ökonomie und Sozialem
c) Neuausrichtung der Wirtschaft
d) Klimaschutz als integraler Bestandteil
5. Nachhaltiger Sozialstaat
a) Soziale Sicherung
b) Zukunftsfähige, solidarische Nachhaltigkeit
6. Beibehaltung des Marktes
7. Planung und Einbeziehung aller
8. Maßnahmenübersicht
V. Ausweitung und Verschärfung des Emissionshandels sowie Begleitmaßnahmen
1. Reform des EU-Emissionshandels
2. Separater Emissionshandel für Straßenverkehr und Gebäude
3. Flankierende Finanzierungen
a) Gestärkter Innovations- und Modernisierungsfonds
b) Klima-Sozialfonds
c) Erhebliche EU-Klimaausgaben
d) Ergänzung durch die Mitgliedstaaten
VI. Lastenteilungsverordnung für die Mitgliedstaaten
VII. Landnutzung
1. Gemeinsame Verantwortlichkeit der Mitgliedstaaten für den CO2-Abbau durch Senken
2. EU-Waldstrategie
VIII. Energiesektor
1. Mehr erneuerbare Energien
2. Weniger Energieverbrauch
3. Klimafreundliche Energiebesteuerung
IX. Verkehrsträger
1. Straßenverkehr
2. Flug- und Schiffsverkehr
X. Internationale Ausrichtung
1. CO2-Grenzausgleichssystem
2. Nachhaltige Unternehmensführung
3. Kooperation mit anderen Staaten
4. Klimaschutzfinanzierung
XI. Fazit
45–120
Instruments
45–120
45–60
On the Criminal Law Dimension of the Green Deal
45–60
Details
On the Criminal Law Dimension of the Green Deal
Sources
Legislative Acts / International Agreements
61–78
Augmenting the Green Deal – The Case for Introducing Personal Carbon Trading in the EU
61–78
Details
A. Introduction
B. The ETS and market-based approaches to reducing carbon emissions
C. Personal Carbon Trading
D. An ‘indirect emissions’ PCT scheme for the EU?
E. Some Potential Objections
F. Wider Implications of the Scheme
G. Conclusions
Bibliography
79–104
The Green Deal and Mission-Oriented Innovation Policy in Europe – What about Smart Specialisation?
79–104
Details
A. Introduction
B. The Green Deal and Innovation Policy
C. Mission Orientation in Innovation Policy
D. Mission-Oriented Innovation Policy in National Practices
E. Smart Specialisation for Green Transition?
F. Conclusion
G. Sources
105–120
Tax and Environment in Brazil and Germany
105–120
Details
Introduction
Experiences of Brazil and Germany
Germany
Direct taxes
Indirect taxes
Subsidies and other financial elements
Brazil
Direct taxes
Indirect taxes
Potential Improvements
Conclusion
Bibliography
123–142
External Dimension of the Green Deal
123–142
Is the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism Illegal?
Details
A. Introduction
B. Contexts of Europe’s Emissions Trading System
C. Introduction of a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
D. The Claim of the CBAM Being Illegal
I. The WTO and its Appellate Body Process
1. Is the CBAM a Tax?
2. Discrimination between Like Imports from Different Countries
3. “Arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination” between countries
II. Consequences of a violation
III. Anticipated answer
IV. Remaining problems
1. Monetizing Social Costs
2. EU Cannot Fix Climate Disruption Alone
E. Conclusions
Literature
145–184
Energy
145–184
145–156
Germany’s Energy Strategy between the EU Green Deal Targets and Economic Freedom
145–156
Details
1. Green Deal targets and their relevance for the electricity sector
2. The potential dilemma between the achievement of Green Deal targets and competition
3. Germany’s energy strategy
a) Renewable Energy Law
b) Energy Efficiency Law
4. Choice of instruments in the energy sector and conclusion
Bibliography
157–184
The Energy Charter Treaty and the European Green Deal: A Critical Analysis Under EU and International Trade Law
157–184
Details
1. Introduction
2. An Introduction to the European Green Deal
3. Investment Protection Mechanism as an Impediment to the European Green Deal
3.1. Decarbonizing Energy Systems: Fossil Fuel Phase-Out
3.2. Coal: What is Special About Coal-Fired Power Plants?
3.3. Investment Protection and Role of Investor-State Dispute Settlement
3.4. Regulatory Chill: Dilemmas of the EU
3.5. Energy Charter Treaty: Energy Investments Safeguarded
3.6. Implications on the Success of the European Green Deal
3.6.1. Approaches to Intra-EU Investment Agreements and ISDS
3.6.2. Energy Charter Treaty: Re-Negotiation, Withdrawal or Termination?
A. Re-Negotiation
B. Withdrawal
C. Termination
3.6.3. The European Green Deal Challenged
4. Conclusion
Bibliography
187–214
Education and Awareness
187–214
Building the Road to Green Entrepreneurial Orientation in Higher Education and Research: Sharing Experience and Looking Ahead
Details
Introduction
I. Understanding of the Green economy and green entrepreneurship concept
1.1. Green entrepreneurial orientation and the concept of green innovation
1.2. Policy responses and implications: EU and Latvia
II. Green entrepreneurial approach in higher education: a key to sustainability mindset
2.1. The need for updates in education
2.2. Promotion of innovation in the Green Economy in HE programmes in the EU
III. Latvia: maturity in relation to Green Economy and Innovation in HE programmes in Latvia
3.1. Economic and demographic context
3.2. Practice-integrated academic programmes in green entrepreneurship and innovation
3.3. Practice-integrated programmes and their implementation
3.4. Practice – integrated programme: the case of business education at Riga Stradins University (RSU)
Conclusion
References
217–244
Protected Rights and their Enforcement
217–244
Climate Rights Enforcement in the EU: Individual Rights – Causation – Standing
Details
Introduction
I. Consequences of climate change impacting on individual rights
II. Answers from the law?
A. Climate Change Rights and Interests
I. Individual rights – Fundamental Rights and Encroachment
1. Definition and Allocation of Individual Rights
2. Relevant Fundamental Rights
a) Classical Fundamental Rights: Defensive Rights and Rights to Protection
b) Solidarity Rights
3. Encroachment
a) General considerations
b) Encroachment under limited competences to act?
II. Causation issues
III. Justification
B. Standing before court
I. Introduction
II. Standing Conditions by Type of Action
1. Conditions of Standing before the ECJ: Annulment
2. Conditions of Standing before the ECJ: Failure to Act
3. Analysis
Conclusion
List of References
247–266
Procurement
247–266
The role of Green Public Procurement (GPP) under the EU Green Deal as a key lever of the transition to a circular and climate neutral Europe
Details
A. Introduction
B. Identifying the role of GPP within the EU Green Deal priorities
I. Sustainable Development Goals
II. Circular Economy Package
III. EU Climate Objectives
C. Unpacking the GPP requirements in the EU Public Procurement regime
D. Strengthening the links between GPP, Circular Economy and climate policies
I. Circular Economy Action Plan: recent developments
II. EU energy efficiency directive
III. Proposal for a legislative framework for sustainable food systems (2023) within the Farm to Fork Strategy
E. Concluding remarks
Bibliography
269–286
Migration
269–286
Climate Refugees – Current or future issue in Society and Law?
Details
I. Definitions of Climate Flight
II. International and regional refugee Law
1. Refugee Law of the Geneva Refugee Convention - International Migration
a) Fear of Persecution – “forces of nature“
b) Fear of persecution – Behavior contributing to Climate Change
c) Fear of Persecution – Behavior in response to environmental changes
2. Internal Migration – Examples around the world
3. Statelessness caused by Climate Change
III. International Human Rights
IV. European Secondary Law
V. International Environmental Law
1. The Paris Agreement
VI. The EU Green Deal
VII. Social Aspects
VIII. Conclusion and Outlook
Bibliography
289–317
Urban Planning
289–317
SDGs and Port Systems: New Challenges and Opportunities for Marine Protection from the EU Green Deal Perspective
Details
1. Legal Instruments for Sustainability: Code Red for the Planet
2. Sustainability Policies Applied to Climate Change
2.1. Strategy to combat climate change: From the European Climate Law to the new Spanish environmental scenario
2.2 The projection of the Climate Change Law in urban agendas and urbanism
3. National Strategy for Green and „Blue” Infrastructures
4. Energy and Care of the Sea: A Treasure of our Planet that requires Attention, Premises from the Blue Development
4.1. The blurred metamorphosis of the subjects, from object to living ecosystems and subjects of rights: the case of the Mar Menor.
4.2. City and port space, disagreements and opportunities for territorial intelligence
5. The Projection of the SDGS in the Port Space
5.1. SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation
5.2. SDG 7: Affordable and clean energy
5.3. SDG 9: Industry Innovation and Infrastructure
5.4. SDG 11: Sustainable cities and communities
5.5. SDG 12: Responsible production and consumption
5.6 SDG 14: Life below water
6. Right behavior and sustainable attitudes, approaching sustainable nudging
7. Some Concluding Reflections
Bibliography
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The EU Green Deal and its Implementation , page 105 - 120
Tax and Environment in Brazil and Germany
Autoren
Christiane Trüe (Ed.)
Lydia Scholz (Ed.)
DOI
doi.org/10.5771/9783957104205-105
ISBN print: 978-3-98542-045-2
ISBN online: 978-3-95710-420-5
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