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Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Private International Law

Christine Toman

Reihe: Schriften zum Klimaschutzrecht

Band 4 2024

doi.org/10.5771/9783748945116

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OPEC und europäisches Wettbewerbsrecht

Jörg Philipp Terhechte

2008

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Fragmentation of International Economic Law and Private Enforcement S. 125-126

„… worth keeping in mind. 3. Fragmentation of International Economic Law and Private Enforcement It turns …” „… on the level of international law. In this context strengthening of WTO lawrepresents an alternative …” „… X. Conclusions 125of the WTO. But international law provides no powerful means to be opposed toOPEC …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1243. Fragmentation of International Economic Law and Private Enforcement …” „… rely on somepermissive rule of international law.«PCIJ, France v. Turkey,PCIJ, Series A, No. 10, 19 …” „… der Fragmentierung des internationalen WirtschaftsrechtsOPEC and European Competition Law (English …”

The Ban on Cartels in Art. 81 ECT S. 111-116

„… that OPEC mightbe in such a position in the future.VI. Obstacles and Immunities by International Law …” „… international law in order for those interventions …” „… affected by thequotas. Consequently these quotas fall within the scope of EC competition law.The quota-made …”

Fragmentation of International Economic Law S. 102-103

„… International Law?Postmodern Anexities, LJIL 15 (2002), p. 553.285 H. Fox, The Law of State Immunity (2004), p …” „… 102 K. SummaryK. SummaryI. Introduction1. Fragmentation of International Economic Law International …” „… economic law seeks to provide rules for international business activities. Nowadays, those activities have …”

Political Consequences S. 122-123

„… representation), whichis to a certain extent contrary to international law.356 So, how is this Gordian knotto be …” „… international law, especially theprinciple of state immunity. Furthermore, it matches the regular practice of …” „… , Austria is obliged under EUlaw to avoid conflicts between international treatises and EU law, see Art. 307 …”

Alternatives S. 124-125

„… International Economic Law and Private Enforcement It turns out that EC competition law is applicable to OPEC …” „… international law in general).Its application could lead to a convergence of the different systems of laws …” „… conduct cannot proclaim the protection of long-established doctrines of international law. Thisconclusion …”

Zur möglichen Rolle des supranationalen Wirtschaftsverwaltungsrechts S. 24-27

„… »Wirtschaftsvölkerrechts«15 ist kürzlich von der International Law Commission allgemein für die Ebene des Völkerrechts wie …” „… folgt beschrieben worden: »This is the background to the concern aboutfragmentation of international law …” „… . September2001, S. 115 ff. (117 ff.). 16 Siehe Report of the Study Group of the International Law Commission …”

The Role of European Competition Law S. 103-104

„… I. Introduction 103It is important to mention that international law does not provide clear …” „… international economic law. Even in the case ofrestrictions of competition caused by states, there are no …” „… several dissonances European competition law has provenuseful, especially in controlling private …”

State Immunity S. 116-118

„… ) ConclusionsTherefore, EC competition law can be applied to OPEC as an international organization and to its Member …” „… Immunities by International Law The extraterritorial application of national law always interferes enormously …” „… provisions offered by international law in order for those interventionsVI. Obstacles and Immunities by …”

Previous Cases S. 118-120

„… suchactivities, international law lacks of clear and effective rules.2. ComityThe Comity Principle can be …” „… 118 K. Summaryquestion of consequences. While European law contains effective rules against …” „… law isinter alia applicable if there is a corresponding connecting factor for the application,or the …”

Die Fragmentierung des internationalen Wirtschaftsrechts und die Rolle des Einzelnen S. 27-29

„… Wirtschaftsrechts«14 bzw. des »Wirtschaftsvölkerrechts«15 ist kürzlich von der International Law Commission …” „… concern aboutfragmentation of international law: the rise of specialized rules and rule-systemsthat have …” „… Study Group of the International Law Commission vom 13. April 2006 »Fragmentation of International Law …”

Alternative Approaches S. 123-124

„… Energy«,COM (2006) 105 final.359 See J. Moore, The Natural Law Basis of Legal Obligation: International …” „… conduct cannot proclaim the protection of long-established doctrines of international law. Thisconclusion …” „… should rather be solved by international law, e.g. within the framework361 See F. Schorkopf, »Energie …”

Aktuelle Entwicklungen im Recht der Staatenimmunität S. 77-80

„… , Chatam House International Law Programme, May 2005 (ILPBP 05/01), abrufbar unter ; G …” „… International Law Commission nahm. Dieser langeZeitraum reflektiert in erster Linie die schwierigen …” „… . Gardiner, UN Convention on State Immunity: Form and Function, 55 Internationaland Comparative Law Quarterly …”

Application by the European Commission S. 121-122

Anwendungsbereich S. 53-65

„… können wie private Wirtschaftsteilnehmer. Darüber hinaus können die Mitgliedstaaten durch Hoheitsakte …” „… internationale Organisationen grundsätzlich nichtausgeschlossen. In dem Vorabentscheidungsverfahren »Eurocontrol …” „… « aus dem Jahre1994119 ging es maßgeblich um die Frage, ob eine internationale Organisation (Eurocontrol …”

Private Enforcement S. 123

„… Energy«,COM (2006) 105 final.359 See J. Moore, The Natural Law Basis of Legal Obligation: International …” „… the cartel authorities are also possible. 3. Private Enforcement The previously mentioned difficult …” „… enormous economicchallenge – arising inter alia under German law – is to specify the amount of thedamage …”

Private Rechtsanwendung als Impuls »von unten« S. 99-101

„… Konflikte zu Gunsten einer Rechtsordnung entscheidet. Die International Law Commission zeigt sich in ihrem …” „… Einheitsbildung »von unten«1. Private Rechtsanwendung als Impuls »von unten« Die (mögliche) Anwendung des …” „… internationalenRechts (hier für den Bereich des internationalen Wettbewerbs- und Kartellrechts)entgegengesetzt werden …”

General Remarks S. 104-105

„… supranational law? These questions lead us to several fundamental issues in the fields of international law …” „… avail themselves of established doctrines of international law such as the doctrine of state immunity …” „… of international law. First, the volitional exclusiveness must be emphasized. According to Art. 7 B …”

OPEC und das System der internationalen Rohstoffabkommen – Abgrenzung und Begriffsbestimmungen S. 49-50

„… New International Economic Order, 30 The Internationaland Comparative Law Quarterly (1981), S. 745 ff. …” „… III. OPEC und das System der internationalen Rohstoffabkommen 49Akteure des Weltmarktes für Rohöl …” „… privaten Unternehmen ausgehen. Indes ist dieFrage nach der konkreten Ausgestaltung der Rechtspersönlichkeit …”

Abuse of a Dominant Position (Art. 82 ECT) S. 116

Weitere zwischenstaatliche Produzentenkartelle und ihr Scheitern S. 50-52

„… New International Economic Order, 30 The Internationaland Comparative Law Quarterly (1981), S. 745 …” „… freiwillige Vereinigung von privaten Unternehmen zumZwecke der gemeinschaftlichen Kontrolle eines Rohstoffs …” „… des Begriffs des »Rohstoffkartells« bezieht sich damit in erster Linie auf private Unternehmen und …”

Weiterer Gang der Überlegungen S. 29-30

„… zu beachtende völkerrechtliche24 Report of the Study Group of the International Law Commission vom 13 …” „… . April 2006 »Fragmentation of International Law: Difficulties Arising From the Diversification and …” „… Expansion of International Law«, A/CN.4/L.682, S. 102 ff. 25 Grundlegend EuGH verb. Rsen. 7/56 und 3/57 bis …”

Fragmentierung als Ausgangsperspektive S. 23-24

„… Einordnung und Hintergrund der Fragestellung1. Fragmentierung als AusgangsperspektiveDas internationale …” „… »internationaleWirtschaftsrecht« als solches nicht klar abgrenzbar ist.3 Ein näherer Blick auf diesesRechtsgebiet fördert ein …” „… Normkomplexe wirken im Idealfalle noch harmonisch zusammen, wenn es um die Regelung privat veranlassten …”

Ausprägungen des Grundsatzes der Staatenimmunität im nationalen Recht S. 80-82

„… Private ausgeführt werden könnten. Auch die Staaten, in denendie Erdölförderung und der Vertrieb in …” „… staatlicher Hand liegen, haben in der Vergangenheit eben diese Tätigkeiten in private Hände gelegt. Zudem …” „… handelt es sichbei dem Markt für Rohöl um einen wettbewerbsbestimmten Markt, auf dem privateAnbieter mit …”

Comity S. 118

Freistellung gem. Art. 81 Abs. 3 EGV? S. 65-66

„… rechtlichmöglich. Die OPEC als internationale Organisation hat ihren Sitz in Wien – mithinsogar im Geltungsbereich …” „… EC Merger Control Law – The Cencor Judgement, 22 (3) World Competition (1999),S. 3 ff. 154 H …” „… Amoco/Acro-Entscheidung an.157 Die privatenÖlunternehmen und weitere Staaten wie Norwegen und Russland orientieren sicham …”

Zum Begriff des Kartells S. 46-49

„… ökonomischenTheorie eingeordnet werden. 76 H. Kronstein, The Law of International Cartels, S. 41. 77 Vgl. D. Elliot/R …” „… . Nitze, in: J. P. Terhechte (Hrsg.), Internationales Kartell- und Fusionskontrollverfahrensrecht, § 10 Rn …” „… vgl. D. Elliot/R. Nitze, in: J. P. Terhechte (Hrsg.), Internationales Kartell- und …”

Die gegenwärtige Situation auf dem Weltmarkt für Rohöl S. 43-45

„… wiedie Verstaatlichung der letzten privaten Ölunternehmen in Venezuela Ende Februar66 So die Schätzung …” „… /0,1518,497985,00.html>.69 International Ass’n of Machinists & Aerospace Workers (IAM) v. Organization of Petroleum …” „… Exporting Countries (OPEC), 477 F. Supp. 553 (C. D. 1979); International Ass’n of Machinists &Aerospace …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845207278

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The Law between Objectivity and Power

Philip M. Bender (Hrsg.)

2022

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Andreas Engel § 8 Private International Law between Objectivity and Power S. 251-270

„… thegeneral rules of private international law lead to the application of a differ-ent state’s laws.Hence, as …” „… CasesII. 252European private international law1. 253US approaches to international cases2. 256Federal lawa …” „… European private international law.Developments in EuropeWith that background in mind, the analysis now …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… Comparative and International Private Law in Hamburg.Another research interest of his is in the law’s reaction …” „… with the European objectiveunderstanding of the system of private international law. However, he …” „… Constitutional Limit to Judicial Development of the Law? 223Victor Jouannaud§ 8 Private International Law between …”

Santiago Oñate § 12 International Arbitration as a Project of World Order: Reimagining the Legal Foundations of International Arbitration S. 341-368

„… not ring true to the values set forth by theNew York Convention. Contrary to private international law …” „… between private and international law is a fictionbecause both attain to the same objective. (iii) All …” „… transnational project. This82 Harold Koh, ‘Why Do Nations Obey International Law?’ (1997) 106 Yale LawJournal …”

Ben Köhler § 6 The Role for Remedial Discretion in Private Law Adjudication S. 195-222

„… Judicial Discretion’ (1982) 1 Lawand Philosophy 21, 55; see, monographically on German private law, Barbara …” „… Thorpe LJ).Ben Köhler208Remedial discretion in German lawThe situation is different in German private law …” „… generalidea of remedial discretion.139 The situation is different in German law.German private law only …”

Philip M. Bender § 1 Ways of Thinking about Objectivity S. 19-98

„… description.Parallels in private lawmakingWe have seen that theories of law oscillate between objectivity and power.So …” „… concentrate on the area of contract law as the mostemblematic example of private lawmaking and sketch out how …” „… subjectivisttheories underline private autonomy as the foundation of all contract law:stat pro ratione voluntas.90 …”

Fabio Núñez del Prado § 11 Stateless Justice: The Evolutionary Character of International Arbitration S. 317-340

„… vermögensrechtliche Anspruch’), as isshown by article 177(1) of the Swiss Federal Act on Private InternationalLaw …” „… is Switzerland. Article 177(1) of theSwiss Private International Law Act (PILA) provides that ‘any …” „… , Kluwer Law of Arbitration, 2015).2 Sonsoles Huerta de Soto and Fabio Núñez del Prado, ‘International …”

Alvin Padilla-Babilonia § 16 The Citizenship Duality S. 449-477

„… Universal Citizenship’ (2021) 0 Phil & SocCrit 1.4 See Duncan Kennedy, ‘Form and Substance in Private Law …” „… Race Law (Princeton UP 2018) 37–43.52 Kim Rubenstein & Daniel Adler, ‘International Citizenship: The …” „… Mapping citizenship law as an instrument of power3. 464Challenges to citizenship as an instrument of power …”

Martín D. Haissiner § 10 Innocence: A Presumption, a Principle, and a Status S. 297-314

„… Practices in Criminal Cases’ (1968) 77 Yale LawJournal 880.22 See Booz Allen Hamilton, Comparative …” „… of criminal procedure law is, to some extent, also the historyof two competing goals: the search for …” „… potentialfor achieving the goals of criminal procedural law: attaining solid truthsthrough a fair procedure, in …”

Peter Zickgraf § 13 Economic Analysis of Law: Inherent Component of the Legal System S. 371-404

„… privat-rechtstheoretische Verwertbarkeit der ‚Economic Analysis of Law‘’ (1976) 176Archiv für die civilistische Praxis 307 …” „… a combined Law & Economics curriculum ‘Corporate Lawyer’and the University of Bayreuth similarly …” „… system-shaping for private law as a whole or the entire legalsystem.122 Nevertheless, legal principles are an …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748927211

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EU-Grundrechte und Privatrecht

Bettina Heiderhoff (Hrsg.), Sebastian Lohsse (Hrsg.), Reiner Schulze (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Europäisches Privatrecht

Band 47 2016

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Sabine Corneloup The Impact of EU Fundamental Rights on Private International Law S. 59-88

„… therefore is to be made, within private international law, between conflict of laws rules, on the one hand …” „… branches of private international law – conflicts of laws, international jurisdiction and international …” „… on Private International Law Sabine Corneloup I. Introduction According to Art. 6 Treaty on …”

Aurelia Colombi Ciacchi European Fundamental Rights and Private Law: The Dutch System in the Context of Different Legal Families S. 203-226

„… Institute of International and Comparative Law 2009) 17; J-P Schneider, ‘The Public-Private Law Divide in …” „… : Law-in-the-Books versus Law-in-Action Comparative lawyers traditionally divide the legal systems in ‘families …” „… Common Core of European Private Law’.9 This is a law-in-action oriented comparative law project, based …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… Fundamental Rights and Private Law Europäisches Privatrecht 47 Nomos Europäisches Privatrecht Sektion B …” „… . Reiner Schulze (Hrsg.) EU-Grundrechte und Privatrecht EU Fundamental Rights and Private Law Nomos …” „… : Supranationale und internationale Perspektiven Sabine Corneloup The Impact of EU Fundamental Rights on Private …”

Rafaël Jafferali The Horizontal Effect of Human Rights: A Typology of the Methods of Reasoning Applied by Belgian Courts S. 147-166

„… relationships normally governed by rules of private law, is a topic which has already been extensively examined …” „… rules and institutions of private law, being understood that these rules and institutions will …” „… private law.7 Indeed, private autonomy normally allows any private person to enter into a contractual …”

David Ramos Muñoz Fundamental Rights and Private Law – A Blueprint for Analysis with Spanish Eyes S. 227-272

„… betrays private lawyers’ willingness to erect barriers that constitutional law should respect, or public …” „… from their obligations. It would be better if the Court had some theory similar to private law’s …” „… authorities.111 That reasoning is not alien to private law’s framework.112 The existence of competition and …”

Sebastian Lohsse, Reiner Schulze EU-Grundrechte im Privatrecht – Entwicklung, Interaktion und Perspektiven S. 9-30

„… , ‘European Fundamental Rights and Private Law: The Dutch System in the Context of Different Legal Families …” „… Comandé (Hrsg.), Fundamental Rights and Private Law in the European Union. Volume 1: A Comparative …” „… Dazu D Ramos Muñoz, ‘Fundamental Rights and Private Law – A Blueprint for Analysis with Spanish Eyes …”

Bettina Heiderhoff Die Selbstbeschränkung des Anwendungsbereichs der EU-Charta in Art. 51 und die Ausbildung eines anerkennungsrechtlichen europäischen ordre public S. 89-114

„… Fundamental Rights on Private International Law’, in diesem Band. Bettina Heiderhoff 90 Da der ordre …” „… Private Law – A Blueprint for Analysis with Spanish Eyes’. 12 Näher S Kamanabrou in diesem Band, ‘Der …” „… Oberlandesgericht Stuttgart, [2000] Praxis des Internationalen Privat- und Verfahrensrechts 427. 23 Hess …”

Edoardo Ferrante Transparency of Standard Terms as a Fundamental Right of European Law S. 115-132

„… private law; at least, few dealing with it directly. Some provisions, however, do especially stand out, in …” „… , ‘Transnational private law regulation of markets’ [1998] Europa e Diritto Privato 988–990; in Italy, L Mengoni …” „… Terms Directive and the Proposal for a Common European Sales Law’ (2015) 23 European Review of Private …”

Hans D. Jarass EU-Grundrechte und Privatrecht S. 31-58

„… Recht D Ramos Muñoz, ‘Fundamental Rights and Private Law – A Blueprint for Analysis with Spanish …” „… Muñoz, ‘Fundamental Rights and Private Law – A Blueprint for Analysis with Spanish Eyes’, in diesem …” „… and Private Law – A Blueprint for Analysis with Spanish Eyes’, in diesem Band. Insb. steht dem nicht …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845275062

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Legality and Limitation of Powers

Charl Hugo (Hrsg.), Thomas M.J. Möllers (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Augsburger Rechtsstudien

Band 88 2019

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Wolfgang Wurmnest, Maximilian Kübler-Wachendorff The Constitutionalization of Public Policy in Private International Law S. 267-310

„… private international law allowing courts to disregard foreign laws that violate fundamental values of …” „… 267 The Constitutionalization of Public Policy in Private International Law Wolfgang Wurmnest …” „… of the public policy reservation in German and European private international law. Historically, this …”

Jan L. Neels, Eesa A. Fredericks The Various Roles of Public Policy in Private International Law: Exclusion, Inclusion and Reform on the Basis of Constitutional Values S. 311-320

„… 311 The Various Roles of Public Policy in Private International Law: Exclusion, Inclusion and …” „… German private international law,1 the device of public policy may also be used in the South African …” „… ., Professor of Private International Law and Director of the Research Centre for Private International Law in …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… interest from various branches of law (international private law, European law, constitutional law, legal …” „… in Private International Law 267 Jan L. Neels / Eesa A. Fredericks The Various Roles of Public …” „… Policy in Private International Law: Exclusion, Inclusion and Reform on the Basis of Constitutional …”

Martina Benecke Discrimination in Working Life and Anti-Discrimination Law – Experiments and Experiences in Germany and Europe S. 99-118

„… civil law – especially bulk business, private insurance and housing rental (see Section 19 AGG). Of …” „… course, both the claimant and opponent may be subject to private law. This part of the AGG has turned to …” „… law. Some hypothesized that the prohibition ____________________ 17 International comparison …”

Thomas M.J. Möllers, Charl Hugo Introduction S. 11-18

„… there has not been any judicial guidance so far. Turning to private international law, the paper of …” „… in South African private international law to exclude the application of so-called “unwelcome …” „… doctrine about the increasing influence of the Constitution in South African private international law …”

Roxan Venter Comment: Constitutional Values and Transformative Constitutionalism S. 35-40

„… interpreted the international law must be considered. The German system, similar to that of South Africa, had …” „… every situation, every law, and every government and private action. In this process constitutional …” „… taken centre stage in South African constitutional law. It is also important to appreciate what these …”

Thilo Rensmann Normative Values in Modern Constitutionalism Reflections on the Constitution as an “Objective Value System” 60 years after Lüth S. 19-34

„… , International Law and European Law. Thilo Rensmann 20 I. Introduction: Modern constitutionalism on a desert …” „… (eds), Common Values in International Law – Essays in Honour of Christian Tomuschat (2006), 259–278 …” „… the horizontal application of fundamental rights to what was essentially a private law dispute …”

Thomas M.J. Möllers, Isabella Brosig Law-Enforcement in Turbulent Times – How to Work with Principles in Capital Markets Law S. 135-176

„… the Center for European Legal Studies. Chair for Civil Law, Economic Law, European Law, Private …” „… International Law and Comparative Law. ** Isabella Brosig, Academic Assistant at the Chair of Thomas M.J …” „… Meier-Hayoz, in: Arthur Meier-Hayoz (ed), Berner Kommentar on Swiss Private Law, Introduction to Art. 1-10 ZGB …”

Michael Kort Leniency Programmes under US Antitrust Law and EU Competition Law S. 185-206

„… 185 Leniency Programmes under US Antitrust Law and EU Competition Law Michael Kort* Abstract …” „… civil law consequences of its participants in an illegal agreement. I. Introduction: The …” „… .; Professor, University of Augsburg, Faculty of Law. Chair for Civil Law, Commercial Law, Intellectual …”

Mispa Roux Comment: “Democratic Flexibility and Constitutional Stability” S. 85-98

„… Institute for Advanced Constitutional, Public, Human Rights and International Law, a centre of the Faculty …” „… International Criminal Law: The International Criminal Court and Africa (2017), 187 et seqq.; Paulo Gaeta, 7 …” „… report-fingers-bell-pottinger-in-white-monopoly-capital-campaign/ (07-05-2018). James Nyawo, Selective Enforcement and International Criminal Law: The …”

Radley Henrico Beyond Mere Rules and Regulatory Frameworks: A Reply to M. Benecke, “Discrimination in Working Life and Anti-Discrimination Law – Experiments and Experiences in Germany and Europe” S. 119-134

„… ) Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal (PELJ), 677 (680–687); Becky L. Jacobs, 18 (2006) Pace International Law …” „… Africa: A Constitutional “Triomf”’ 18 (2006) Pace International Law Review (PILR), 407. Nomahlubi …” „… another person. ____________________ (2010), 77; and Andre Van Niekerk et al, Law@work (3rd Edition …”

Michael Biesinger Years after ARAG/Garmenbeck: New Considerations on the Impact of Corporate Reputation on Management Board Liability S. 213-258

„… Biesinger, Dipl.-Jur. (Univ.), Academic Assistant at the Augsburg Center for Global Economic Law and …” „… Regulation (ACELR), University of Augsburg, Faculty of Law. Citations of German court judgments in this …” „… company law context, the American business magnate, investor and philanthropist addresses three crucial …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845291635

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