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Der wirtschaftliche Einfluss des TRIPS-Abkommens auf die Volksrepublik China und Thailand

Julia Sorg

Reihe: Schriften zum geistigen Eigentum und zum Wettbewerbsrecht

Band 30 2010

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Fallbeispiele der Missachtung von TRIPS bzw. gescheiterter Rechtsdurchsetzung S. 217-242

„… in Art. 52 PRCTrade Mark Act definiert und in den Rules 50, 51 Trademark Act Implementing Regulations …” „… durchgeführt werden, Art. 58 IV PRC Trademark Act, Art. 61 S.1 PRC Patent Act, Art. 49 I PRC Copyright Act, da …” „… Trademark Act, 51 Trademark Act Implementing Regulations für das Markenrechtund Art. 47 Copyright Act für …”

Implementierungsstrategie S. 203-217

„… (Art. 61 PRC Patent Act,Art. 57 PRC Trademark Act, Art. 49 PRC Copyright Act und Art. 91 ff Civil …” „… Trademark Act in Verbindung mit den Ausführungsvorschriften und den Bestimmungen zum Schutz bekannter Marken …” „… nur in einer Klasse möglich (Art. 20 PRC Trademark Act); sofernMarkenschutz in mehreren Klassen …”

Fallbeispiele gescheiterter Rechtsdurchsetzung S. 313-323

„… solche, denen Eintragungshindernisse entgegenstehen, können nach Maßgabe von Art. 61–67 des Trademark Act …” „… , 28–30.1465 Vgl. zur Löschung gemäß Art. 63 Trademark Act: Bergling, Dana/ Chuenjaipanich, Vipa, Thaisystem …” „… Schiedssprüche sind in Thailand vollstreckbar1452 gemäß Art. 28 f Thai Arbitration Act.c.aa.bb.cc.1449 Gerügt in …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 369-392

„… , Customary punishment, Trademark World #164, February 2004, 22 – 25Bünte, Marco, Parlamentswahlen in Thailand …” „… with Contribution ofPatent Right and Suggested Resolution thereof, China Patents & Trademarks No. 4 …” „… chinesischenRecht, GRUR Int 2009, 292 – 297Cao, Xinwei, Cases of Trademark Examination Review and Adjudication …”

Ausfüllung der Handlungsoptionen von TRIPS S. 308-313

„… Patentgesetz (Patent Act No. 3 B.E. 2542), das für Patente, Gebrauchsmuster undDesigns gilt, ist der …” „… gemacht. Art. 36 § 3.7 Thai Patent Act erlaubt denImport von patentierten Produkten, vornehmlich …” „… inAusfüllung von Art. 30 TRIPS gemäß Art. 46 II Patent Act B.E. 2535 eine Zwangslizenz erteilt werden, wenn …”

Geistiges Eigentum und Wirtschaftsentwicklung S. 290-307

„… maximal 400.000 Baht (Art. 108 Trademark Act) und bei Urheberrechtsverletzungen auf max. 100.000 Baht (Art …” „… , die mit der Marke derh.1375 Art. 76 Copyright Act B.E. 2537. In der Praxis werden die Strafen …” „… €) für Behördenund 300.000 Baht (ca. 6.300 €) für Unternehmen (Art. 81–88 Patent Act), bei der …”

Historie zum Schutz von geistigem Eigentum und Mitgliedschaft in internationalen Abkommen S. 172-178

„… der Qing Draft Provisions for Trademark Registration.796Nur vereinzelt wurden bilaterale Verträge, vor …” „… , sondern unter dem Druck der Vermeidung von Sanktionen nach Sec. 301US Trade Act und dringend benötigter …”

Rechtssystem und rechtliche Tradition S. 159-172

„… PRC Trademark Act, Sec. 46 Copyright Act. Pattloch,Thomas in: Heath, Christopher: Intellectual …” „… belegen.721 Beispielsweise Art. 57 Patent Act sieht explizit einen Sühneversuch vor Erhebung einer …” „… Annäherungan das westliche Verständnis wurde erst mit Verabschiedung des Lawyers Act im Jahre1996 gelegt. Die …”

Wirtschaftsentwicklung durch Geistiges Eigentum S. 187-202

„… of Traditional Knowledge: A Chinese Perspective, China Patents & Trademarks No.2, 2005, 49–56. Der …” „… .914 Art. 30 Foreign Trade Act sieht vor, dass das MOFCOM gegen „coercive package licensing“vorgehen …”

Historie zum Erlass des TRIPS-Abkommens und rechtspolitische Bedenken S. 33-63

„… Maßnahmen auch bei unzureichenden Maßnahmen zum Schutzgeistigen Eigentums auf Sec. 301 Trade Act und Sec …” „… . 337 Tariff Act stützen und auchgegenüber dem Ausland erlassen; parallel wurde zu Abschreckungszwecken …” „… auf Sec. 301 TradeAct – zu verhindern.61Vor allem ist höchst fraglich, wie die Durchsetzbarkeit des …”

Anhang: Fragebogen S. 393-406

„… .); o Counterfeiting of trademarks (textiles and footwear, electronic devices, luxury items, drinks and …” „… They are ex officio or otherwise protected (e.g. copyright, well-know trademarks)? o Comments …” „… , for which no patent, trademark or copyright related remedy was available? o Yes o No If yes: why …”

Mentalität, Tradition und Ausbildung S. 136-159

„… & D Cooperation, China Patents & Trademarks No. 3, 2002, 11–13.628 Wagner, Wieland, Die …” „… nationale Strategie. Auch die European Chamber lobt den ActionPlan 2207, vgl. EUCCC Posiiton Paper 2007, 14 …” „… Bestimmungen vgl. Im Übrigen: Chen, Xuemin, Protectingwell-known marks, Trademark World 161, October 2003 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845224152

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Die gerichtliche Durchsetzung von Patent- und Markenrechten in Deutschland, Japan und den USA

Christoph Rademacher

Reihe: Schriften zum geistigen Eigentum und zum Wettbewerbsrecht

Band 32 2010

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Schadensersatzanspruch S. 253-272

„… Schutzrechtsverletzung sind Artikel 284 Patent Act für Patentverletzungen und Artikel 35 Lanham Act für …” „… McCarthy, Trademarks and Unfair Competition (2007), S. 30-133 f. 1715 Blair/Cotter, 17 Berkeley Tech …” „… , 89 J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc'y (2007), S. 853 ff.; Ferguson, 24 Santa Clara Computer & High Tech …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 297-359

„… Goods from the United States: The Extraterritorial Reach of the Lanham Act, 81 Trademark Rep., 1991, S …” „… Trademark Counterfeiting Act of 1984: Score a Few for the Good Guys, 82 Trademark Rep., 1992, S. 1 – 32 [zit …” „… Profits under the Lanham Act: Are the District Courts Do-ing Their Job, 82 Trademark Rep., 1992, S. 141 …”

Sonstige relevante Verfahren S. 236-249

„… Bekämpfung von „fliegenden Händlern” zu sehen.1678 Der 1984 in Kraft getretene Trademark Counterfeiting Act …” „… Declaratory Judgement Act von 1934,1594 welcher zum Zwecke der Verhinderung der Anhäufung von …” „… Be- 1593 Voight, 72 J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc'y (1990), S. 1136.1594 228 U.S.C. §§ 2201-2202 …”

Markenrecht S. 202-203

„… US-Markenrechts waren das Inkrafttreten des Trademark Counterfeiting Act1346 sowie des Trademark Clarification Act …” „… 1984.1347 Das Jahr 1988 sah in Folge des Trademark Law Revision Acts1348 eine Vielzahl von signifikanten …” „… Patent Act von 1952 vgl. Kundupoglu, 28 AIPLA Q. J. (2000), S. 44 ff. 1332 Während 1885 lediglich 12 …”

Prozessrecht S. 203-204

„… US-Markenrechts waren das Inkrafttreten des Trademark Counterfeiting Act1346 sowie des Trademark Clarification Act …” „… 1984.1347 Das Jahr 1988 sah in Folge des Trademark Law Revision Acts1348 eine Vielzahl von signifikanten …” „… Verletzungssachverhalte anwendbar war.1342 Das gegenwärtig geltende Markengesetz, der Lanham Act, wurde im Jahr 1946 …”

Patentrecht S. 201-202

„… geltende Patent Act von 19521328 kodifiziert eine Vielzahl von richterrechtlich geschaffenen …” „… Anwendbarkeit des Statute of Monopolies in den amerikanischen Kolonien bei Walterscheid, 78 J. Pat. & Trademark …” „… Off. Soc'y (1996), S. 617 ff. 1323 Walterscheid, 78 J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc'y (1996), S. 623 ff …”

Vorprozessuale Maßnahmen S. 234-236

„… . J.L. & Arts (2004), S. 130 ff.; vgl. auch unten auf S. 253 ff.1584 Coolley, 77 J. Pat. & Trademark …” „… . 1585 Harvey/Appel, 96 TMR (2006), S. 639. 1586 Atwood, 83 J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc'y (2001), S …” „… Betroffene den Verwarnenden auf Schadensersatz aufgrund Wettbewerbsverletzung gemäß Artikel 43 (a) Lanham Act …”

Unterlassungsanspruch S. 249-253

„… , Trademarks and Unfair Competition (2007), S. 30-91. 1687 3 Circuit 945 F.2d (1991), S. 569 ff. – “Vuitton v …” „… ), S. 27 ff.; Stockwell, 88 J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc'y (2006), S. 747 ff.; Tang, 20 Harv. J.L …” „… . Black & Decker”. 1697 Conrad, 26 Rev. Litig. (2007), S. 124; McCarthy, Trademarks and Unfair …”

Internationale Zuständigkeit S. 207-213

„… Co. v. Casco”; auch Kaminsky/Sung, 76 J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc’y (1994), S. 458 f. 1379 2 …” „… . 1381 Siehe zu der unklaren Situation vor der Änderung von 1990 bei McCarthy, Trademarks and Unfair …” „… „Act of State Doctrin“1384, nach der kein US-Bundesgericht über die Gültigkeit von staatlichen Akten …”

Passivlegitimation S. 216-218

„… 216 Nach den großzügigeren Regeln hinsichtlich Aktivlegitimation gemäß Artikel 43(a) Lanham Act1437 …” „… Lizenznehmern Aktivlegitimation gemäß Artikel 43(a) Lanham Act zugesprochen.1440 Falls der Rechtsvorgänger des …” „… Passivlegitimiert ist der Schutzrechtsverletzer. Im Patentrecht ist gemäß Artikel 271 (a) Patent Act1444 gegen …”

Grenzbeschlagnahme S. 230-234

„… ff.; im Detail ist die Ernennung von ALJs im Adminstrative Procedure Act geregelt. Hiernach haben …” „… Strategies Handbook (2005), S. 552. 1568 19 U.S.C. § 1526 (e); McCarthy, Trademarks and Unfair Competition …” „… Artikel 283 Patent Act einen Unterlassungsanspruch als mögliche Rechtsfolge einer Patentverletzung …”

Vernichtungsanspruch S. 272

„… Vernichtung besteht lediglich im Markenrecht. So ermächtigt Artikel 36 Lanham Act1849 die Gerichte, die …” „… McCarthy, Trademarks and Unfair Competition (2007), S. 30-240 ff.; zur Berechnung von angemessenen …”

Aktivlegitimation S. 213-216

„… ) Lanham Act1433 ist auch im Markenrecht zunächst der Markeninhaber1434 aktivlegitimiert, gegen …” „… 32(1) Lanham Act haben, solange er funktional nicht vom Rechtsnachfolger des Markeninhabers …” „… Artikel 32(1) Lanham Act haben können.1436 dem Entschluss, dass es sich lediglich um eine …”

Die US-amerikanische Gerichtsstruktur S. 204-205

„… 204 1938, welche gemäß des Rules Enabling Act vom Supreme Court erlassen wurden.1354 Die …” „… McCarthy, Trademark and Unfair Competition (2007), 32-10; Blair/Cotter, 74 Tul. L. Rev. (2000), S. 1373 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845223766

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Europarecht und die Gerichte der Transformationsstaaten

Mahulena Hofmann (Hrsg.)

2008

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Dawid Miąsik Dawid Miąsik: European Law and the General Courts of the Transition Countries S. 97-125

„… Trademark Regulation imposed sanctions provided for in this act of Community law. It namely ruled that the …” „… provisions concerning trademarks and because this act sanctioning the marketing of misleadingly labeled …” „… divergent rulings, concerns the simultaneous or successive civil actions based on Community trademarks and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845211756

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Das Verhältnis zwischen Marken- und Wettbewerbsrecht

Claudia Kattermann-Weber

Reihe: Schriften zum geistigen Eigentum und zum Wettbewerbsrecht

Band 50 2012

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Literaturverzeichnis S. 309-318

„… after the UK Trade Marks Act 1994?, 112 Trademark World 25-30 (1998). Kohler, Josef: Warenzeichenrecht …” „… Zeichenrolle, GRUR 1973, 165-170. Adams, F.M.: A Treatise on the Law of Trade-Marks, London 1876. Adams, John …” „… English and American Patent, Trademark and Copyright Law, Chicago 1977. Aron, Kurt: Freiheit der …”

Rechtsgeschichtliche Entwicklung des Zeichenrechts S. 157-172

„… Common Law Procedure Act 1852 aufgehoben, die forms of action entfielen, was Einfluss auf die Entwicklung …” „… Act contained shall be deemed to affect rights of action against any person for passing-off goods as …” „… Marks Registration Act (TMRA) von 1875 Schutz gegen die unberechtigte Verwendung seines Zeichens …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 17-20

„… Copyright Act De G.J. & S. De Gex, Jones & Smith’s Chancery Reports d.h. das heißt ders. derselbe dies …” „… . Section/Sections SI Statutory Instruments SortSchG Sortenschutzgesetz T.M.R. The Trademark Reporter TM Bull Trade …” „… Mark Bulletin TMA Trade Marks Act TMRA Trade Marks Registration Act u.a. unter anderem u.U. unter …”

Bedeutung des Passing-off-Schutzes für 3-D-Marken und -Warenformen S. 264-280

„… Sec. 2 (2) TMA: “… nothing in this Act affects the law relating to Passing off.” 266 a) Historische …” „… judges say it is. If the House of Lords were to give an Act of Parliament a meaning which no one else …” „… Wechselrecht (Bills of Exchange Act 1882), im Kaufrecht (Sale of Goods Act 1893) oder im Strafrecht, kam es zur …”

Die weitere Entwicklung der Passing-off-Klage als sachliches Zeichenrecht S. 172-200

„… trat in dem Jahr ein weiteres Gesetz, die Judicature Acts 1873–1875, in Kraft. Damit wurde die Trennung …” „… Dritten nicht untersagen, wenn dieser hinreichende 586 Sec. 25 (11) Judicate Act regelte: “Equity shall …” „… on the Law of Trade-Marks, 1876, S. 4f., 11; Halsbury’s, Trade Marks, 2000, para 297f.; Reckitt …”

Voraussetzungen und Schutzumfang der Gestaltung als 3-D-Marke S. 227-263

„… Formulierung in Art. 2 MRRL. 792 Sec. 1 (1) TMA: “… In this Act a trade mark means any sign capable of being …” „… Gesetzgeber, ebenso wie der deutsche Gesetzge- 841 Adams, A Treatise on the Law of Trade-Marks, 1876, 6f …” „… reference to the criminal provision of Sec. 92 TMA this must be restricted to acts or conduct amounting to …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845235707

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Community Trade Mark Regulation

Gordian N. Hasselblatt (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Band 2015

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-27

„… ............................................. German Copyright ActGDA ............................................ German Design ActGeneva Act …” „… Implementation RegulationCDPA (UK) ............................... Copyright, Designs and Patents ActCDR …” „… . ............................................ CommissionCommon Regulations .............. Common Regulations under the 1999 Act, the 1960 Act and the 1934 Actof …”

Spain S. 1460-1465

„… proceedings. Actions based on violationof the CTM’s are not taxed, since the Trademark Act does not limit …” „… onCompany Names are similar to those provided under the Swedish Trademark Act.I. Costs4 From an …” „… Civil Procedure (the ‘CivilProcedure Act’), and other Spanish laws (the Patent Act, the Trademark Act …”

Sweden S. 1465-1470

„… onCompany Names are similar to those provided under the Swedish Trademark Act.I. Costs4 From an …” „… . Remedies27The main remedies under the Swedish Trademarks Act (and Company Names Act)are similar and …” „… trademark or both.3 Apart from some minor differences, the sanctions available under the Swedish Act …”

Hungary S. 1361-1369

„… slow.Coutry-specific abbreviationsHTMA Hungarian Trademark Act (Act XI of 1997 on the Protection of Trade-marks and …” „… procedure. On the other hand,where a party in a trademark infringement action has already substantiated …” „… Nr. 3.P.25.026/2013/2.)the official duty shall be paid per infringed trademark, however, the Supreme …”

Estonia S. 1328-1333

„… quantumthereto arising from the infringement will be analysed. Although the Estonian Trade-mark Act enacts the …” „… legislation the proprietor of a trademark may file an actionagainst a person infringing the exclusive right …” „… consent of the proprietor of the trademark. A licensee mayfile an action without consent after sending a …”

Malta S. 1413-1419

„… a laterMalta trademark registration by way of an invalidation/cancellation action or a revoca-tion …” „… later Malta trademark registration by way of an invalidation/cancellation action or a revocation action …” „… a revocation action;(b) enforcement of a CTM for the purposes of estopping use of a later …”

Italy S. 1376-1386

„… , including trademark infringements, is fiveyears13 from the act complaint of. With each new act a new …” „… avoided by a letter before action. However, in cases of intentionalviolation of a trademark the sending of …” „… actionmay constitute an act of unfair competition (see below mn. 10). For these reasons thepractice of …”

Ireland S. 1369-1376

„… this situation, the defendant (the trademark proprietor) will avoidliability if it proves that the acts …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23A. General remarks1 Ireland has a tiered court system but cases involving trademarks and other IP …” „… Act 1996 (Community Trade Mark) Regulation 2000 (SI229/2000).1342 Louise CareyReemers Publishing …”

Consequences of revocation and invalidity S. 723-725

„… later CTM,lies with the proprietor of the CTM. The acquiescence ends when the proprietor of theCTM acts …” „… the later trademarks has been used11 Acquiescence only applies to the use for goods and services of …” „… . In other words, the proprietor of the CTM can then still act againstthe use for those other goods or …”

Use of Community trade marks S. 439-465

„… , the Community trademark shall be subject to the sanctions provided for in this Regulation, unless …” „… use of a Trademark under European Union andUnited States Trademark Law, 104 TMR 1186–1240 (2014 …” „… ); Cornish/Llewelyn/Apin,Intellectual Property: Patents, Copyrights, Trademarks & Allied Rights (Sweet & Maxwell 2013 …”

Counterclaims S. 988-1000

„… brought in a legal action to which the proprietor of the trademark is not already a party, he shall be …” „… notrender a decision on the main action until the registration of the Community trademark has been published …” „… . 97 (3)). If the action based on the Community trademark was, however, brought before the courts of …”

Grounds for revocation S. 697-708

„… those marks that are actually being used, that serve the main function of a trademarks (i. e. to …” „… application or counterclaim may be filed;(b) if, in consequence of acts or inactivity of the proprietor, the …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234. The acts or inactivity of the proprietor …”

Examination of the conditions of filing S. 604-615

„… ); Eisenführ/Schennen(eds.), Gemeinschaftsmarkenverordnung (4th 2014); Gielen/v. Bomhard (eds.), Concise European TradeMark …” „… Examination in the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (TradeMarks and Designs) on Community Trade …” „… for Harmonization in the Internal Market (TradeMarks and Designs) on Community Trade Marks, Part B …”

Luxembourg S. 1406-1413

„… Intellectual Property rights (trademarks and designs or models) of 25 February 2005,entered into force on 1 …” „… infringing acts ‘unless there arespecial reasons for not doing so’19. The whole or partial loss of …” „… distinctiveness of a trademark due to its holder’s deficiency may constitute such ‘special reasons’20.36– Recall …”

Exhaustion of the rights conferred by a Community trade mark S. 423-438

„… European Trademarks and Design Law, Wolters Kluwer,2011; Cohen Jehoram, European Trademark Law, Kluwer Law …” „… , which would becontrary to the principle of the free movement of goods. Since the exhaustion of trademark …” „… States relating to trade-marks. Proposal for a Council Regulation on the Community trade-mark. COM (80 …”

Jurisdiction over infringement and validity S. 969-972

„… all actions brought as a result of acts referred to in Article 9 (3), secondsentence;(d) for …” „… actions forreasonable compensation as referred to in Art. 9 (3)(2). In addition, Community trademark …” „… trademark court provides for such actions – the Community trade mark courts haveexclusive jurisdiction if …”

Relative grounds for refusal S. 225-322

„… used in the course of trade of more than mere local significance, the trademark applied for shall not …” „… likelihood of confusion includes the likelihood of association with the earlier trademark.(2) ‘Earlier trade …” „… of the earlier trademark;(b) rights to a non-registered trade mark or to another sign used in the …”

Examination as to absolute grounds for refusal S. 615-631

„… ); Gielen/v. Bomhard (eds.), Concise European TradeMark and Design Law (2011); Morcom, Roughton and St. Quinn …” „… particular, the trademark concerned shall not be registered ex officio.Art. 37 (2) CTMR provides rules for …” „… the Internal Market (TradeMarks and Designs) on Community Trade Marks, Part B: Examination, Section 4 …”

Fees regulations S. 1161-1171

„… Union in the present case) (Art. 7 of Geneva Act).The fees that are collected by the International …” „… Bureau according to Geneva act, aretransferred every month to the Office.17The procedural fee for the …” „… those trademarks, where the register situation was different from the legal situation. It is to …”

Limitation in consequence of acquiescence S. 720-723

„… .), Concise European Trade Mark and Design law,2011; CIPA, ITMA Community Trademarks Handbook; Günther …” „… to the CTMR.3 Keeling in Gielen/v. Bomhard (ed.) Concise European Trademarks and Design Law. Art. 54 …” „… -08701,mn. 58.5 Keeling in Gielen/v. Bomhard (ed.) Concise European Trademarks and Design Law, Art. 54 …”

Transfer of a trade mark registered in the name of an agent S. 497-504

„… registration, unless such agent or representative justifies his action.Bibliography: Tobias Cohen Jehoram …” „… , Constant van Nispen & Tony Huydecoper, European TrademarksLaw, Wolters Kluwer 2010, 489, 503; Marina …” „… registered trademark). See Opposition Guidelines, Part 3, Unauthorized filing by agents of the TM owner (Art …”

Dealing with Community trade marks as national trade marks S. 465-482

„… refers to the substantive rules, e. g. the respective trade mark act,civil code or applicable case law, i …” „… Jurisdiction, Choice of Law and Substantive Law for Trademarks Disputes on theInternet’, IIC 2000, 162; Lorin …” „… : Community Trademarks, Community Design,Community Trade Mark RegulationCTMR Art. 16438 Mary-Rose …”

Community trade mark S. 28-62

„… which has been registered before them, except where the trademarks are actually used.(11) A Community …” „… conferred on proprietors of trademarks by the laws of the Member States cannot be removed by approximation …” „… and the same parties and which are brought on the basis of a Community trademark and parallel national …”

Denmark S. 1319-1328

„… 42(2) of the Danish Trademarks Act.Denmark Litigation in EU member states1300 Claus Barrett …” „… Act.A. General remarks DenmarkClaus Barrett Christiansen 1293Reemers Publishing Services …” „… Section 415(3) of the Danish Administration of Justice Act.Denmark Litigation in EU member states1296 …”

Limitation of the effects of a Community trade mark S. 407-423

„… ofdistinctive character and should not be allowed to proceed to registration.7 If a trademark obtains protection …” „… CTMR is notnecessary to justify the acts of the third party.12The use of the third party must be ‘in …” „… )16 According to Art. 12 (a) CTMR the use of the ‘own name or address’ can act as adefence to trade …”

Slovenia S. 1450-1460

„… Civil Procedure (the ‘CivilProcedure Act’), and other Spanish laws (the Patent Act, the Trademark Act …” „… stipulated in the Industrial Property Act. This Act refers to the actions beforethe Slovenian Intellectual …” „… Art. 86 (3) of the Civil Procedure Act.Slovenia Litigation in EU member states1424 Andrej …”

Specific rules on related actions S. 1021-1027

„… with the char-acter of summary proceedings.21 Rules on staying proceedings in actions that are related …” „… of the Community trademark.4 A plea under Art. 99 (3) thus does not have effect beyond the action in …” „… (second action).10In the case referred to in Art. 104 (2) as well, the validity of the Community trademark …”

Rights conferred by a Community trade mark S. 322-405

„… respect of acts occurring after the date646 Opinion of AG Mengozzi in CJ Case C-487/07 L’Oréal v. Bellure …” „… , which acts would, afterpublication of the registration of the trade mark, be prohibited by virtue of …” „… Law and theHolistic Approach of the CJEU’, TMR 2012, 102 (6), pp. 1243–1253, Ch. Gielen, ‘Trademark …”

Community trade mark courts S. 962-969

„… permitted undernational law;(c) for all actions brought as a result of acts referred to in Article 9 (3 …” „… with Art. 39 et seq. of Reg. 1215/2012.25The judgments of courts of the Member States that did not act …” „… as Community trademark courts are recognised and enforced in other Member States in accordance with …”

Latvia S. 1386-1395

„… another court should get arefusal from a respective judge to start the action.B. Enforcement of CTM rights …” „… (1)(3) of the Civil Procedure Law.2 Section 24 (3) of the Law on Trademarks and Geographical …” „… stop and not tocontinue the infringement. Only in some rare cases the trademark owner insists on …”

Office S. 62-65

„… information@oami.europa.eue-businesshelp@oami.europa.euwww.oami.europa.euArticle 3Capacity to actFor the purpose of implementing this Regulation, companies or firms and otherlegal …” „… Community trademark and with it this Article came into force on 15 March 1994. On 1 September 1994,210 S …” „… ; the Commission exercises legalcontrol over the acts of the Office.7 The Office is independent in …”

Classification S. 559-578

„… exactly notconferred to the actual act of sale of those goods. Indications such as ‘retail trade …” „… (TradeMarks and Designs) on Community Trade Marks, mn. 1.4 S. OHIM, Guidelines for Examination in the Office …” „… for Harmonization in the Internal Market (TradeMarks and Designs) on Community Trade Marks, mn. 5.3.5 …”

Slovakia S. 1442-1450

„… , suchletter before action might actually be considered an act of legal assistance, for which arecovery of …” „… Coll. as further amended.5 Section 13(1) of the Act No. 506/2009 Coll. on Trademarks (Zákon č …” „… statutory defined attorneytariff3, which is calculated based on a lump-sum fee for an act of legal …”

Reproduction of Community trade marks in dictionaries S. 405-406

„… Law of Trade Marks and Trade Names, 14thedition, 2005, 8–10; Wolfgang Sakulin, Trademarks Protection …” „… mechanism provided by Art. 10 is necessary to enable the proprietor of aCTM to counter any actions which …” „… . Simon Fhima, Trademark Dilution…, p. 290, A. Kur, Trademarks Function…, pp. 17–20.1 Sakulin …”

Annex 1 DIRECTIVE 2008/95/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL S. 1478-1488

„… , concerning, for example, the eligibility for the grant of a trademark, the renewal of the trade mark or rules …” „… remain free to apply the same principle in respect of the registration of a trademark or to provide that …” „… depends on numerous elements and, in particular, on the recognition of the trademark on the market, the …”

Transfer S. 482-497

„… consequences of his acts which occurred between the transfer and actualregistration, even though the damage he …” „… ownaccord.7551Whereas most countries do not provide particular rules on joint ownership of trademarks but …” „… in Art. 46 Spanish Trade Mark Act covers this issue.77 Thedefault rule is that the individual …”

Application for revocation or for a declaration of invalidity S. 725-729

„… of a Community trademark or for a declaration that the trade mark is invalid may be submitted to …” „… , ITMA Community Trademarks Handbook; Günther Eisenführ/Detlef Schennen, Ge-meinschaftsmarkenverordnung …” „… trademarks in question of the application for revocation and/or invalidity. When the Officehas concluded that …”

Croatia S. 1297-1305

„… excluding.31The damages according to the Obligations Act are actual/positive damage, loss ofprofit and …” „… .i of the Trade marks Act.A. General remarks CroatiaTanja Rajic 1271Reemers Publishing Services …” „… Procedure Act.B. Enforcement of CTM rights CroatiaTanja Rajic 1273Reemers Publishing Services …”

Means whereby a Community trade mark is obtained S. 90-96

„… persons who have duly filed an application for a trademark in, or in respect of, any state that is party …” „… Convention.There is, however, as recently emphasised by OHIM, no ‘well-known Community trademark’ in the meaning of …” „… current system.53 There is thus no protection of non-registered trade marks under Community trademark law …”

International jurisdiction S. 972-981

„… theexception of actions for a declaration of non-infringement of a Community trademark, may also be brought in …” „… oppositionproceedings delay the registration even more. The proprietor of a Community trademark may not, however, oppose …” „… use of a conflicting mark occurring between the publication of the Community trademark application and …”

Persons who can be proprietors of Community trade marks S. 86-90

„… capacity to act in terms of Art. 3.1 Thus, any natural personas well as any legal body in terms of Art. 3 …” „… may be the proprietor of a Community trademark. According to the OHIM guidelines, this therefore also …” „… must satisfy the requirements regarding capacity to act under Art. 3 becauseonly in this case is it …”

Right of priority S. 578-586

„… Internal Market (TradeMarks and Designs) on Community Trade Marks, Part B, Section 3, Annex 1, p. 33.94 S …” „… . OHIM, Guidelines for Examination in the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (TradeMarks and …” „… trademarks. It can be dated back to 1883 when the contracting states of the Paris Conventionfor the …”

The Netherlands S. 1419-1425

„… trademarks in general the Dutch courts have a reputation to keep up. Eversince the introduction of Benelux …” „… Trademark Law in 1971, the courts in The Nether-lands have experienced with dealing with trademarks in a …” „… proprietor to sue for breach of contractrather than an infringement action.II. Litigation1. Ex parte …”

Formal requirements for conversion S. 1066-1070

„… information concerningthe request enabling that office to make a decision regarding the national trademark …” „… role is, therefore, comparable to the role of the Member States’ national trademark offices, bearing in …” „… mind that the OHIM’s competence regards Community TradeMarks whereas the national offices’ sphere of …”

Belgium S. 1282-1290

„… result of the trademark infringement, he or she will have to initiate legal proceedings on the merits …” „… rights, designs and trademarks may thus obtain from the court the permission to enter the premises of …” „… Act of10 May 2007 which transposes the European Enforcement Directive 2004/48/EC intoBelgian law.39The …”

Legal status S. 1070-1071

„… role is, therefore, comparable to the role of the Member States’ national trademark offices, bearing in …” „… mind that the OHIM’s competence regards Community TradeMarks whereas the national offices’ sphere of …” „… powers conveyedto it under the CTMR and act within the framework of Community law, without,however …”

Annex 2 COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 2868/95 S. 1488-1533

„… December 1993 on the Community trademark1 as amended by Regulation (EC) No 3288/942, and in particular …” „… offices that carried out the search;(b) the number of the trademark applications or registrations …” „… trademark applications or registrationsmentioned in the search report;(d) the date of registration of the …”

Index S. 1598-1627

„… than one trademark 109 1 et seq.– infringement actions 107 10 et seq.– simultaneous actions 107 10 et …” „… Actionable decisions– appeal before the General Court 65 14 et seq.Actions against decisions on appeals 65 1 …” „… seq.Cancellation proceedings– language 119 35 et seq.– use of CTM 15 61Capacity to act before OHIM 3 1 et …”

Signs of which a Community trade mark may consist S. 73-86

„… Against Trademarks Protec-tion for Fragrances’, 82 Trademarks Rep., 475; Alberto de Elzaburu/Jesús Gómez …” „… , Trademarks Law and Theory: A Handbook of Contemporary Research,2008, p. 44 et seq.; Maximilian Schenk, Die …” „… account of trade marks doctrine and trade marks culture, in: Greame B.Dinwoodie/Mark D. Janis, Trademarks …”

Community collective marks S. 797-812

„… indications.54 To clarify the question as to whether Sec. 127 German TradeMark Act remains applicable, if a …” „… other legal acts and to sue and besued, as well as legal persons governed by public law, may apply for …” „… treated as an application for an individual Community trademark; it is thus not possible to switch later …”

Rights in rem S. 504-508

„… trademark claims back the ownership of a trade mark. It shall be noted that the enforcementof Art. 18 CTMR …” „… 207/2009 on the Community Trademarks, COM/2013/0161 final – 2013/0088(COD), Art. 18.Rights in rem Art. 19 …” „… he would have to appoint a representative to act for him (Art. 92(2)). In this case it may be easier …”

Presumption of validity – Defence as to the merits S. 984-988

„… counterclaim is brought in a legal action to which the proprietor of the trademark is not already a party, he …” „… the committed acts of infringement. In such case, a limitation of thescope of international …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9A. General1 Community trade mark courts must generally presume that a Community trademark is valid …”

Licensing S. 515-532

„… mark after the date of that actbut who knew of the act at the date on which the rights were acquired.97 …” „… development of trademarks. From an economic perspective the advantage for the proprietor is that he …” „… act in the interest of the proprietor.17 It is againstthis background that the Enforcement Directive …”

Extent of jurisdiction S. 981-984

„… (1) to (4)shall have jurisdiction in respect of:(a) acts of infringement committed or threatened …” „… within the territory of any of theMember States;(b) acts within the meaning of Article 9 (3), second …” „… jurisdiction is based on Article 97 (5) shallhave jurisdiction only in respect of acts committed or threatened …”

Provisions relating to the enlargement of the Community S. 1251-1259

„… no 207/2009 of 26 February 2009 on the Community trademark, Art. 165 (1) was adapted and Croatia was …” „… International Registration3, or on a ‘well known’ trademark, in the meaning of Art. 6bis of the Paris Convention …” „… trademark.12According to the second condition, this national right must have been acquired ingood faith.13 …”

Applicable law S. 1000-1004

„… of the parties(Art. 55 (1) 2). Where a Community trade mark court declares a Community trademark …” „… infringer’s act and claims to provision ofinformation asserted to calculate such a compensation claim fall …” „… trademark court before which the proceedings are pending, applies to substantive lawmatters that are not …”

Periodical publications S. 940-943

„… ), CTM renewals (Part D), requests for conversion into a national trademark application (Part E …” „… regarding the registration of a trademark do not differ from the publication of the application, the …” „… Register andnot the act of publication, which has effects vis-à-vis third parties (Art. 23 (1) CTMR).The …”

Opposition S. 637-657

„… (Trade-marks and Design) on Community trade marks, Part C: Opposition, Section 1: Procedural Matters are now …” „… Rule 17 (2) CTMIR, Art. 8 (2). Earlier trademark registrations or applications have to be identified by …” „… the registration of the Community trademark registrations or applications as long as the transfer has …”

Sanctions S. 1004-1010

„… acts which infringed or would infringe the Community trade mark. Itshall also take such measures in …” „… other respects the Community trade mark court shall apply the law of theMember State in which the acts …” „… the latter, the Communitytrade mark court shall apply the law of the Member State in which the acts …”

Effects of international registrations designating the European Community S. 1204-1209

„… OHIM acts as the designated office. Themain tasks performed by OHIM as designated office are the first …” „… the EU has the effect of a Community trademark application from the date of its registration pursuant …” „… shallprevail against third parties from the date of publication of registration of the trademark. Reasonable …”

Inspection of files S. 930-940

„… , surrenders, partial surrenders or other acts affecting the trademark’s scope of protection. It only reflects …” „… establish genuine use of a trademark cannot invoke a special interest to keep that information confidential …” „… , forthe communication of information contained in the files rather than the actual documents.5 Following …”

Capacity to act S. 65-73

„… actFor the purpose of implementing this Regulation, companies or firms and otherlegal bodies shall be …” „… name to have rights and obligations of allkinds, to make contracts or accomplish other legal acts and …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163. Capacity to make contracts or accomplish other legal acts . . . . . . . . 194. Capacity to sue …”

Application of Regulation (EC) No 44/2011 S. 956-962

„… , the place ofjurisdiction where the act of infringement was committed under Art. 97 (5) conflicts …” „… involved in the trademark infringement are domiciled in different Member States.9 In such cases, it …” „… , between an infringement actionand an action for a declaration of non-infringement concerning the same …”

Absolute grounds for refusal S. 96-225

„… accepted as a valid trademark in Spain for mattresses although it is fully descriptive for mattresses in …” „… preclude the registration in a Member State, as a national trademark, of a term borrowed from the language …” „… trademark protection in the EU.2922 Those absolute bars are mirrored in Art. 7 (1)(b), (c) CTMR.23 CJ Case C …”

Effects vis-a`-vis third parties S. 532-540

„… after the date of that actbut who knew of the act at the date on which the rights were acquired.97 …” „… rem (see below Art. 23 mn. 10 et seq.).Article 23Effects vis-à-vis third parties1. Legal acts …” „… parties in all the Member States only after entry inthe Register. Nevertheless, such an act, before it is …”

Establishment of a committee and procedure for the adoption of implementing regulations S. 1244-1246

„… EuropeanParliament. The Council will act within a period of three months. If within that periodthe Council has …” „… act shall be adopted by the Commission.6 Art. 7 of Decision 1999/468/EC concerns the establishment …” „… FeesRegulation providing for fees payable to the OHIM for amongst others depositing trademarks. The legal basis …”

Control of legality S. 1108-1110

„… of legality1. The Commission shall check the legality of those acts of the President of the Officein …” „… respect of which Community law does not provide for any check on legality byanother body and of acts of …” „… unlawful acts as referred to in paragraph 1 be altered orannulled.3. Member States and any person directly …”

Submission, publication and transmission of the request for conversion S. 1060-1066

„… for registration of a national trademark is desired. The request shall not be deemed to be filed until …” „… these data from internal sourcesso that no further act of the applicant will be necessary.17 Insofar …” „… request enabling that office to make a decision regarding the national trademark resulting from the …”

Equivalence of Community filing with national filing S. 588-590

„… according to which contradictory judgments should be avoided inactions which involve the same acts and the …” „… of the same trademark within the EU or a Member State of the Paris Convention. Further …”

Absolute grounds for invalidity S. 708-716

„… , it acts and is treated more as a relative ground.14 Another legal consequence of the fact that bad …” „… productand its presentation is restricted by technical or commercial factors, so that the trademark …” „… Mark and Design law,2011; CIPA, ITMA Community Trademarks Handbook; Günther Eisenführ/Detlef Schennen …”

Statement of reasons on which decisions are based S. 822-831

„… Regulation, thefollowing are competent: Examiners, Opposition Divisions, the Administration of TradeMarks and …” „… (trademark application) as requested) but will not mention the other prior rights at all. Thispractice has …” „… decision-making act but not the final position which the Office intends to adopt30.2. Scope19 Art. 75 has to be …”

General principles of representation S. 947-951

„… qualifications, persons applying to be entered on the list who act in trademark matters before the central …” „… professional representation hadceased to act1. In all other cases however, the Office will simply treat the …” „… unsatisfactoryand cumbersome. The Office takes the view that legal persons can only act throughnatural persons, so …”

Examination of opposition S. 657-667

„… which the earlier national trademark is protected for use in the Community.(4) The Office may, if it …” „… (TradeMarks and Designs) on Community trade marks (in the following ‘Guidelines, WP1’) Part C …” „… volume of all the acts of use, theduration of the period in which those acts occurred as well as the …”

Poland S. 1425-1430

„… both Copyright Actand Industrial Property Act but here we can acknowledge a big inefficient …” „… hasbeen much disputed in Poland. Art. 305 of the Industrial Property Act providescriminal sanctions for …” „… art. 4 of the Act provides a general rulefor application of the Industrial Property Act to protection …”

Professional representatives S. 951-956

„… profes-sional qualifications, persons applying to be entered on the list who act in trademark matters before the …” „… is entitled,within the said State, to act as a representative in trade mark matters;(b) professional …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5IV. To the extent entitled to act as a representative in trade markmatters …”

Actions before the Court of Justice S. 757-797

„… becomeseffective only after the courts have dismissed the appeals action.Article 65Actions before the Court of …” „… Art. 96 it follows that other actionsconcerning a Community trade mark, including infringement actions …” „… for a first Council Directive to approximate the laws of the Member States relating to trade-marks …”

Lithuania S. 1395-1406

„… . Representation21Following to the Art. 56 CCP the following persons can act as the representativeswith court:(1 …” „… Trademarks of the Republic of LithuaniaLithuania Litigation in EU member states1378 Inga Lukauskienė/Reda …” „… Intellectual Property rights (trademarks and designs or models) of 25 February 2005,entered into force on 1 …”

Termination of financial obligations S. 900-903

„… is a formal prerequisite for the desired act to beadministered and subsequently said act is not …” „… decision to the Administration of TradeMarks and Legal Division (Art. 133 CTMR).13 The various CTM …” „… interrupted by the following actions:– regarding rights of the Office to the payment of a fee by a request …”

Enforcement of decisions fixing the amount of costs S. 923-926

„… declares thejudgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union and acts of the Council, theCommission …” „… be known as the Register of Community trademarks, which shall contain those particulars the …”

Publication S. 1209-1212

„… – reasonable compensation may beclaimed in respect of acts of infringement occurring after the date of the …” „… seniority of an earlier trademark registered in a Member State, including a trade mark registered in …”

Revocation of decisions S. 867-872

„… proceedings and the entry or the act affects its rights, cancellation orrevocation shall be determined even if …” „… publicnotifications in design matters; until 6 November 2014, 695 public notifications have taken place in trademark …” „… Implementing Regulation justify to rectifyOffice acts which may otherwise be binding and final (res judicata …”

Reference to general principles S. 896-900

„… issuing of an action for failure to act.5. Right to be heard810The Office may base its decision only on …” „… anypractical consequences from it. Hence, even if the Office or the BoAs failed to act withinan appropriate …” „… opposition under Austrian law is subsequent to the registration of a trademark, opposition proceedings under …”

Cyprus S. 1305-1311

„… addressed to the respondent, e. g.ordering him to act in a particular manner. In the event whereby the …” „… cases ofinfringement of national registered trademarks. At common law, the mere proof ofinfringement …” „… enforcement case law. EU IP EnforcementDirective1 has been implemented, inter alia, by special Act on …”

Levy of execution S. 508-511

„… he would have to appoint a representative to act for him (Art. 92(2)). In this case it may be easier …” „… trademark, the courts and authorities of the Member States determined in accordancewith Art. 16 shall have …” „… unless it is permissible to actually seize the CTM in order tosatisfy a debt if it is not repaid timely …”

Finland S. 1333-1340

„… court/Pre-action10In Finland the vast majority of trade mark infringement cases begin with the trademark proprietor …” „… Chapter 4 of the Proceedings in the Market Court Act (100/2013).1306 Kim ParviainenReemers Publishing …” „… See Chapter 8 of the Enforcement Code.5 See Chapter 11 of the Enforcement Code.6 Section 3 of the Act …”

Compatibility with other Community legal provisions S. 1246-1251

„… 1. The power to adopt delegated acts is conferred on the Commission subject to theconditions laid …” „… validity of any delegated acts already in force.4. As soon as it adopts a delegated act, the Commission …” „… shall notify it simultaneously tothe European Parliament and to the Council.5. A delegated act adopted …”

Oral proceedings S. 842-846

„… partaketimely and exhaustively. Where one party acts in breach of this procedural duty, thereseems to be less …” „… Community trademark matters (and none so far in Community Design matters2).I. General purpose2 n oral …” „… Art. 75 does not meanthat an actual hearing is required, i. e. taking evidence orally. Its scope is …”

Taking of evidence S. 846-860

„… Office andset up the possibilities and standard for the sovereign act of taking evidence. This is due …” „… , hearing and evaluating evidence are formal or informal sovereign acts by theOffice, depending on the …” „… trademark has not been put to use in the community is certainly a fact but it has no bearingon a decision …”

Austria S. 1274-1282

„… Markenschutzgesetz (Trade Mark Act)OGH Oberster Gerichtshof (Supreme Court)idF In der Fassung vom (as last revised)51 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10a) Omission (Section 51 Trade Mark Protection Act). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11b) Order of …” „… elimination (Section 52 Trade Mark Protection Act) . 14c) Compensation of damages and adequate …”

Provisional and protective measures S. 1010-1021

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21. Disputes concerning the infringement of a Community trademark …” „… infringement of a Community trademark – if such prohibition is provided for under the respective national law.8 …” „… of an act, the enforceability of the coercivemeasure in the ordering state suffices to such extent.29 …”

Czech Republic S. 1311-1319

„… of actual legal fees).II. Duration6The average duration of first instance trademark infringement …” „… active and successful in anti-counterfeiting under the relevant EU Regulation11, the Czech Act on Piracy …” „… enforcement case law. EU IP EnforcementDirective1 has been implemented, inter alia, by special Act on …”

Costs S. 903-923

„… actually incurred by the party according to Rule 94 (7) CTMIR.Only if a professional representative acts …” „… TradeMarks and Legal Division (Art. 133 CTMR).13 The various CTM legislations are silent on the topic of …” „… trademark application, the opposition, the application for revocation of rights, theapplication for a …”

Romania S. 1434-1442

„… system, characterized by legislative acts as primary source ofLaw. The court system is inquisitorial and …” „… The legal national framework applicable to the enforcement of trade mark includesthe following acts …” „… of a trademark that is identical or cannot be distinguished in its essential features by said trade …”

Restitutio in integrum S. 872-891

„… proceedings as they actually took place, anddoes not involve a fictional comparison of acts or omissions as …” „… . It does not apply if the act was actuallyexecuted, but was not well-founded and not supported by the …” „… single act,such as the payment of a fee. In such situation, it is reasonable to instruct anotheremployee …”

Request for territorial extension subsequent to the international registration S. 1197-1202

„… .): European Community TradeMark, Commentary To the European Community Regulations, The Hague, 1997, p. 243 …” „… Agreement andthe Madrid Protocol, Geneva, 2014.1Various administrative acts performed by the International …” „… official website of WIPO.2122Although OHIM carries out its own examination when acting as an …”

Notification S. 860-867

„… procedural framework that may be known from national laws of theMember States. It is not a judicial act but a …” „… communication to an addressee. As this refers to amatter of fact, the act of notifying, the Implementing …” „… proceedings and the entry or the act affects its rights, cancellation orrevocation shall be determined even if …”

Examination of the facts by the Office of its own motion S. 831-842

„… number of Appeals and Court actions.Article 76Examination of the facts by the Office of its own motion1 …” „… ofprocedural rights and duties at the Office. If the Office acts in breach of Art. 76, thedecision has to be …” „… is under no obligation to examine into the acquired distinctiveness of a trademark in question. It …”

Request for the application of national procedure S. 1047-1060

„… option constitutes a voluntary act of the applicant in accordance with Art. 43 (1)CTMR.– RefusalThe …” „… sense of Art. 43 (1) CTMR.A limitation of the specification of goods and services as a voluntary act of …” „… types of actionhave to be fully substantiated within the period to lodge the action. In thesesituations …”

Application of provisions S. 1171-1181

„… Madrid Protocol: Does it Require a Revision?’, Trademark World 1999(No. 118), p. 29; Christian Bock …” „… ’, GRURInt 1996, 991; Thies Bösling, ‘Securing TrademarkProtection in a Global Economy – The United States …” „… , Volume 22 (1991), p. 779; Anne-LaureCovin and International Contributors: Trademarks Throughout the World …”

Languages S. 1083-1102

„… the Internal Market (TradeMarks and Designs) on Community Trade Marks, Part B, Examination, Section 2 …” „… (TradeMarks and Designs) on Community Trade Marks, Part B, Examination, Section 2, Formalities, p. 9.Community …” „… Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (TradeMarks and Designs) on Community Trade Marks, Part B …”

Jurisdiction of Community trade mark courts of second instance – Further appeal S. 1027-1029

„… national law19 The options for staying proceedings in an action pending before a Community trademark court …” „… invalidity of a Community trademark (Art. 100), after an infringement action (but not (yet) any counterclaim …” „… Community trademark courts are obligated to inspect the Register.2418 Where the Community trade mark court …”

Obligation of the national court S. 1031-1033

„… relating to a Community trademark, other than the action referred to in Article 96, shall treat the trade …” „… rights by the use of more recent Community trademarks mentioned in Artt. 110, 111 are provided for in …” „… and a prohibition to treat or declare the Community trademark invalid – even implicitly or by way of a …”

Claiming the seniority of a national trade mark S. 593-602

„… lapse if the earlier trademark the seniority of which is claimed is declared to have been revoked or to …” „… trade mark system. Art. 34 serves to strengthen this Community trademark system – one may argue – at the …” „… bundle their prior national rights under the ‘roof’ of a Community trademark without suffering any …”

Surrender S. 693-697

„… the scope of his trademark by restricting the goods and services for which his mark is registered. For …” „… surrender his trademark. He must do so by filing a written declaration with the Office.5Rule 36 CTMIR …” „… surrender requested by the proprietor of the Community trademark.14 The surrender of the Community trade …”

Supplementary provisions on the jurisdiction of national courts other than Community trade mark courts S. 1029-1031

„… relating to a Community trademark, other than the action referred to in Article 96, shall treat the trade …” „… is located. Consequently, the issue of when a judgment of a Community trademark court of second …” „… instance,the courts at which the further appeal is to be lodged must – like the Community trademark courts of …”

Simultaneous and successive civil actions on the basis of Community trade marks and national trade marks S. 1034-1038

„… hearing an action for infringement on the basis of a Community trademark shall reject the action if a …” „… previous actions, inter alia where the defendants trademarks or goods or services were found to be …” „… , The Modern Law of Trademarks, LexisNexis 3rd edition 2008; GuyTritton, Intellectual Property In Europe …”

Examination of the application S. 729-734

„… )(a), by substituting use in the Member State in which the earlier national trademark is protected for …” „… European Trade Mark and Design Law,2011; CIPA, ITMA Community Trademarks Handbook; Günther …” „… trademarks in question of the application for revocation or invalidity. When the Office hasconcluded that the …”

Form and contents of the international application S. 1186-1196

„… that not every proprietor of a Community trademark registration or application is entitled to file an …” „… : Franzosi (ed.): European Community TradeMark, Commentary to the European Community Regulations, The Hague …” „… Registration of Marks of 27 June1989’, The Trademarks Reporter 1992 (Vol. 82), p. 58; Dirk Christian Schlei …”

Prohibition of use of Community trade marks S. 1038-1045

„… Member Statemay, if it sees fit, and subject to such conditions as it may determine, protect a trademark …” „… inconjunction with Art. 53 CTMR, which contains the grounds for invalidity of a trademark. While Art. 8 CTMR …” „… non-exhaustive list of earlier rights, other than trademarks or other signs, which could provide for relative …”

Filing of an international application S. 1181-1186

„… ersterErfahrungsbericht’, Mitt. 12/2007, 547; Ellen P. Winner/Aaron W. Denberg, International TrademarkTreaties with …” „… Protocol, Part B Chapter II. para. 07.59; Kunze, The Madrid System and the Community TradeMark, p. 246.17 …” „… October 2014).21 Winner/Denberg, International Trademark Treaties with Commentary, p. 25; Souter, The …”

Transitional provision relating to the application of the Convention on Jurisdiction and Enforcement S. 1033-1034

„… of a Community trademark shall reject the action if a final judgment on the merits has been given on …” „… , Oxford University Press2012; Morcom, Roughton & Malynicz, The Modern Law of Trademarks, LexisNexis 3rd …” „… ON THE LAWS OF THE MEMBER STATESSECTION 1Civil actions on the basis of more than one trade …”

Greece S. 1355-1361

„… Trademarks, Article 150 (9).7 Article 249 et seq. of the Greek civil code.B. Enforcement of CTM rights …” „… is entitled to compensation for profits lost due to the8 Part III of L. 4072/2013 on Trademarks …” „… Nr. 3.P.25.026/2013/2.)the official duty shall be paid per infringed trademark, however, the Supreme …”

Bulgaria S. 1290-1297

„… trademark registrations as the Bulgarian court does not make any difference between CTM,national or …” „… trademark infringement, includingly CTM infringement, the Bulgarian legislation providesan unique …” „… (principlesand rules) applicable in case of infringement of national and/or international trademarks designating …”

Complementary application of national law relating to infringement S. 438-439

„… standalone legal provision. The trademark laws of the states of the European Union may be harmonised under …” „… , the Community trademark shall be subject to the sanctions provided for in this Regulation, unless …” „… Regulation shall not prevent actions concerning a Community trade markbeing brought under the law of Member …”

Filing of applications S. 541-546

„… : 160.00mm 240.00mmincluding the Benelux Trademarks Office. A third filing option, which is not …” „… indicatedin Art. 25, is the designation of the European Community in an international trademark registration …” „… date for an application to register a trademark, the provisions on the filing date shall apply’. In …”

Decisions subject to appeal S. 734-736

„… theright to a fair hearing before the Boards.5 Parties do, however, as a matter of both trademark law and …” „… Divisions, the Cancellation Divisions and the Administration of TradeMarks and Legal Division can be …” „… first-instancedecision-maker (in the case of the OHIM, pursuant to Artt. 61 and 62 CTMR) beforethe actual appeals examination …”

Cancellation Divisions S. 1132-1134

„… of the Administration of TradeMarks and Legal Division (Art. 133).6According to the Commission’s …” „… trademark’2 according to Art. 18.1 Art. 132, para. 2; the request for proof of use of the earlier mark in …” „… actuallydrafts the decision.9 Although there is no rule in the Regulations providing for a division …”

Administration of Trade Marks and Legal Division S. 1129-1132

„… of the Administration of TradeMarks and Legal Division (Art. 133).6According to the Commission’s …” „… trademark’2 according to Art. 18.1 Art. 132, para. 2; the request for proof of use of the earlier mark in …” „… that the Division is not only responsible for the administrative and technical actsnecessary to keep …”

Division of the registration S. 689-693

„… reference to a comparable decision by the Swedish Trademarks Office to amend the representation of a …” „… the scope of his trademark by restricting the goods and services for which his mark is registered. For …” „… against which the revocation action or declaration oninvalidity are directed, the declaration of division …”

„… be known as the Register of Community trademarks, which shall contain those particulars the …” „… the nameor address is the consequence of a whole or partial transfer of ownership of the trademark …” „… . Similarly, where aCTM is registered although an opposition is still pending, this would be a proceduralerror …”

Relative grounds for invalidity S. 716-720

„… , ITMA Community Trademarks Handbook; Günther Eisenführ/Detlef Schennen, Ge-meinschaftsmarkenverordnung …” „… registration.1 Keeling, in Gielen/v. Bomhard (ed.), Concise European Trademarks and Design law, Art. 53 CTMRmn …” „… . Data contained in surveys do not measure the immediateeffect produced by specific action, but results …”

Persons entitled to appeal and to be parties to appeal proceedings S. 736-740

„… fact that a Community trademark has been converted into national applications, since the relevant …” „… national officeswill examine the respective national applications before granting the national trademarks …” „… against the first-instance decision is it reasoningrather than its actual end result, there generally …”

Time limit and form of appeal S. 740-745

„… pay the appeal fee) – even if referring to the relevant trademark in the reference field of the …” „… Community trademark fees regulation.7 At the time of writing the fee is EUR 800.820 According to the wording …” „… actually entered intothe OHIM’s bank account.21 Even if payment did not reach the OHIM’s bank account …”

Amendment of the regulations governing use of the mark S. 817-818

„… trademark only if the trade mark proprietor has consented thereto (see Art. 22 (3) CTMR).Furthermore, the …” „… who are entitled to bring an action for infringement1. The provisions of Article 22 (3) and (4 …” „… unauthorised use of the mark.ContentI. Entitlement to bring an action for infringement (para. 1 …”

Persons who are entitled to bring an action for infringement S. 818-819

„… trademark only if the trade mark proprietor has consented thereto (see Art. 22 (3) CTMR).Furthermore, the …” „… further details.Article 72Persons who are entitled to bring an action for infringement1. The provisions of …” „… damage in consequence of unauthorised use of the mark.ContentI. Entitlement to bring an action for …”

Annex 3 COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 2869/95 S. 1533-1542

„… Council Regulation (EC) No 207/2009 of 26 February 2009 on the Community trademark1 and in particular …” „… trademark (point 8 of Article 140 (2), Rule 25 (2))20026. Fee for the issue of a copy of the application for …” „… to in Article 5 (1) (a), the date on which the amount of the payment or ofthe transfer is actually …”

Table of Cases S. 1554-1598

„… P-DEP Zafra Marroquineros, SL v Calvin Klein TrademarkTrust8 349; 9 103, 167;65 172, 175, 227C-235/09 …” „… Copernicus-Trademarks v OHIM 30 6T-172/12 Brauerei Beck GmbH & Co. KG v ALDI Einkauf 8 132, 136T-170/12 Beyond Retro Ltd …” „… Trademark Trust v OHIM 9 103, 222T-174/07 Volkswagen AG v OHIM 7 223T-160/07 Lancôme parfums et beauté …”

Search S. 1220-1221

„… ofregistration where applicable), the name and contact address of the holder of the trademark applications or …” „… actually lies with any of the earlier marks cited therein. As aconsequence thereof, the search reports are …”

Conditions with which applications must comply S. 546-555

„… the Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (TradeMarks and Designs) on Community Trade marks …” „… presentability of the trademark and both provisions aim to safeguard the precise definition of the object …” „… actual receipt of the forwarded application by theOffice.IV. Filing an application via an international …”

Invalidation of the effects of an international registration S. 1229-1231

„… note ofa replacement does not apply.14 Notwithstanding replacement of the Community trademark …” „… continuous period of five years (Art. 51 (1)(a)CTMR), where the mark has become a generic term for the goods …” „… the international registration, the party who has brought the actionfor invalidation and the competent …”

Replacement of a Community trade mark by an international registration S. 1227-1229

„… Notwithstanding replacement of the Community trademark registration, it will be in the interest of the holder to …” „… replacement is deemed to take place automatically, without any action by theholder being necessary and without …”

Insolvency proceedings S. 511-515

„… /I, p. 311 et seq.7 Cf. Hoyng, in Franzosi (ed.), European Trademarks Law, 273, 279.8 Insolvency …” „… the fact that the insolvency rulesrefer to the actual and not to the registered seat or domicile (see …”

Date of Filing S. 555-559

„… national trademark application in a Member State filed on the same day. The court holds that the hour and …” „… classes)4.II. Receipt of application documents3The actual requirements for according a filing date are …” „… determination of the filing date is the date of actual receiptof the CTM application at the Office or – as the …”

Conversion of a designation of the European Community through an international registration into a national trade mark application or into a designation of Member States S. 1231-1235

„… Community trade mark into a national trademark application or into a designation of Member States under the …” „… national trade mark applications in one or more Member States (Art. 159 (1)(a)CTMR) or, at the option of …”

Publication and entries in the Register S. 1102-1107

„… mark application51 or Community trademark52, particulars on the division of the trade mark53, and …” „… Centre for the Bodies of the European Union: Purpose and Activities’,SYNAPS – A Journal of Professional …” „… Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union: Purpose and Activities’,SYNAPS – A Journal of …”

Opposition S. 1221-1227

doi.org/10.5771/9783845258904

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