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Competition and Cooperation Among Internet Service Providers

Margit Vanberg

Reihe: Freiburger Studien zur Netzökonomie

Band 14 2009

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Technology effect vs. network effect S. 90-92

„… the effects of network externalities on competition in network industries. Section 6.1 presents …” „… Characteristics of network externalitiesNetwork externalities are a special kind of external effects. External …” „… in the presence of network externalities.6.1.1 Technology effect vs. network effectWhen the benefit …”

Network effects in Internet service provision S. 115-117

„… 1157 Competitive effects of network externalities in the context of the InternetThe focus of the …” „… effects in Internet service provisionThe Internet, as a classical communications network, belongs to the …” „… other people and services that can be reached via the Internet. Indirect network effects result from the …”

Case 2: Network externalities in a contestable natural monopoly S. 99-105

„… a product (the network effect). Expectations of future consumption levels are not considered. As a …” „… possibility of convincing consumers thathis product will offer more benefits from the network effect in the …” „… network effects, economies of scale, or any of the other factors at work favor the incumbent relative to …”

Case 3: Network externalities in a competitive market S. 105-111

„… valuations of the network effect. It is therefore likely that consumers are betteroff when a variety of …” „… effect, themore willingly will consumers give up specialized technologies and concentrate onthe network …” „… size, and when network externalities are sufficiently strong, then thedemand effect from a larger …”

Pareto-relevance of network externalities S. 93-94

„… (Liebowitz andMargolis, 1994: 137). As will be shown below, pecuniary network externalities aredemand effects …” „… derive utility not only from network size but also from product characteristics (the technology effect …” „… 936.1.3 Pecuniary network externalitiesA further distinction made in the literature on …”

Direct and indirect network externalities S. 92-93

„… termdirect network externalities refers to the immediate effect the size of a network hason the utility …” „… effect the size of a network can have on marketsfor complementary goods or services. When the number of …” „… user joins the network. In a policycontext it is important to distinguish the two effects. Pecuniary …”

The Crémer, Rey and Tirole model S. 122-125

„… quality-differentiation effect because it can offer more benefits from network externalities to new users. The …” „… have a network of similar geographic extension and have invested into comparable network bandwidth …” „… network infrastructure as well as human resources than peering does.Since a transit contract also offers …”

Critique of the model by Crémer, Rey and Tirole and alternative modeling S. 125-129

„… is trying tobe proved. To start with this assumption distorts the analysis of the effects of network …” „… assumption distorts the analysis of the effects of network externalities on competition in this market.The …” „… ademand-expansion effect. The elicitor of a quality degradation would suffer thesame negative demand reduction as …”

General competition policy and network externalities S. 94-96

„… derive utility not only from network size but also from product characteristics (the technology effect …” „… and can therefore not offer the samebenefits from the network effect as established firms. Consumers …” „… may be reluctant totry out the new products which have a disadvantage in the network effect and …”

References S. 177-184

„… , Baden-Baden.Gandal, N. (2002), Compatibility, Standardization, and Network Effects: Some Policy Implications, Oxford …” „… . and C. Shapiro (1994), Systems Competition and Network Effects, The Journal ofEconomic Perspectives 8 …” „… (2001), Network Effects and the Microsoft Case, in: Ellig, J. (Ed.),Dynamic Competition and Public …”

Pecuniary network externalities S. 93

„… (Liebowitz andMargolis, 1994: 137). As will be shown below, pecuniary network externalities aredemand effects …” „… 936.1.3 Pecuniary network externalitiesA further distinction made in the literature on …” „… externalities is the one between pecuniary network externalities and technological network externalities …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… externalities 906.1 Characteristics of network externalities 906.1.1 Technology effect vs. network effect …” „… effects of network externalities in the context of the Internet 1157.1 Network effects in Internet service …” „… VanbergCompetition and Cooperation Among Internet Service ProvidersA Network Economic AnalysisNomos1. Auflage 2009 …”

Case 1: Network externalities in a monopolistic bottleneck S. 96-99

„… externalities.In order to distinguish the effects of network externalities on market processes thefollowing …” „… when network externalities are Pareto-relevant in equilibrium, there is a trade-off between network …” „… Market processes in the presence of network externalitiesThe focus in this section turns on whether …”

Compatibility standards S. 111-114

„… specificpartners.Because the positive network effects of adopting a uniform basic standard areclearly more important than …” „… the network effects of a uniform standard for advancedapplications, Blankart and Knieps (1992: 84 …” „… substantially different initial size.100Public policy for competitive markets featuring network externalitiesThe …”

Summary S. 167-171

„… this market. Economies of scale and scope on the cost side as well as network effects on the demandside …” „… understanding of the effects of network externalities on competition in network industries, theanalysis first …” „… concerns regarding Internet service provision stem from the typical network-industry characteristics of …”

Collusion on the Tier-1 level S. 129-132

„… level.115 A two-way access scenario is given when customers connect toonly one network, such that the …” „… two networks reciprocally need access to eachother’s customers on the wholesale level. Termination in …” „… . Considering that ISPs have a termination monopoly whenever customers exclusively connect to their network only …”

Assessment of telecommunications regulation in Europe S. 158-161

„… products that can be delivered higherin the network (ERG, 2007: VII).The ERG therefore does not view NGA as …” „… EuropeThe overview of telecommunications regulation in the U.S. showed that convergence there had the effect …” „… of curtailing regulations in the telecommunications sector.In Europe, in contrast, network …”

Current developments S. 157-158

„… list is themarket for access to the public telephone network. The Internet-related wholesalemarkets …” „… leaves much room for interpretation by the member-states.Are next generation networks (NGNs) to be …” „… of wholesale broadband access products that can be delivered higherin the network (ERG, 2007 …”

Conclusions S. 74-75

„… abused. This can only be done on acase-by-case basis. The effects of strong network externalities on …” „… 74network areas. Those network areas showing natural monopoly characteristics, butno substantial …” „… Justifying interventions by general competition policy in network industriesGeneral competition law applies …”

Overview of the thesis S. 21-23

„… administered policy.Chapter 7 then analyzes the effect of the strong network externalities associated …” „… marketshas turned to the question of network neutrality regulation.8 In this debate the competition policy …” „… concern is over whether the owners of the network infrastructureunderlying Internet applications should be …”

Index S. 185-187

„… 18, 31, 85,139f., 144, 150f., 158network effect 90ff., 116network externalities 19f., 62, 66,75 …” „… competition 67f.natural monopoly 19, 30, 62, 66, 73,149network access point 42, 56network convergence …” „… , 90ff., 115f., 168network neutrality 21, 55- regulation of 144, 161ff.network-specific market …”

The present regulatory framework S. 148-150

„… duplicate the network element in question due to structural barriers to entry in the market.This criterion …” „… theory ofmonopolistic bottlenecks has formulated for monopolistic bottleneck network areas,although the …” „… operators offering bidirectional ISP-services on their networks were to be treated compared to common …”

Terms and conditions of Internet interconnection today S. 56-61

„… analysis of the effects of network externalities on competition, which follows inchapters 6 and 7. …” „… interconnection agreementsThe earliest computer networks, such as the ARPANET, were government-funded.Users at …” „… ARPANET sites covered only the telephone charges for dial-up connections to the network, but no fees …”

Network neutrality regulation S. 161-165

„… todifferent electronic communications platforms. The advent of network convergencehas not had the effect of …” „… might not be in a dominant position” (EC, 2002: §81).9.3 Network neutrality regulationThe above overview …” „… physical network layer. There is currentlyno market power regulation in the logical or the applications …”

Conclusions S. 165-166

„… todifferent electronic communications platforms. The advent of network convergencehas not had the effect of …” „… regulation of access to network elements of the local telecommunications infrastructure. It was shown that …” „… was curtailed so significantly in the U.S. is partly responsiblefor the fear of network neutrality …”

Conclusions S. 61

„… at the center ofthe analysis of the effects of network externalities on competition, which follows …” „… 61(lower-level ISPs that purchased transit). Traffic destined to a Tier-1 network withwhich no …” „… development of network interconnection between ISPs. The three-tier hierarchy of the Internet is explained …”

Justifying government intervention into markets S. 62-64

„… 624 A framework for localizing market power in network industriesCompetition is generally regarded …” „… network externalities are viewed as the primary causes of market failure (Viscusi et al., 2000: 314 …” „… ). Network industries havereceived a lot of attention from competition authorities, because the cost and …”

The regulatory framework S. 135-138

„… demands to the regulation of bottleneck network elements. In addition to applying price regulation as an …” „… market-power leveraging can extend inefficiencies from monopolistic bottleneck network areas to related …” „… instance in upgraded cable-TV networks, then entrantsshould face the same open-access regulation as is …”

Assessment of telecommunications regulation in the U.S. S. 150-152

„… longer regulated,entrants are now required to build out their network to the local switch and set upown …” „… provide access to a high-capacity loopapply. For the development of NGA networks (FTTH and FTTC projects …” „… U.S. unbundling policy since 2003 is a direct reflectionof the impact that network convergence has had …”

Theories of monopolistic competition S. 67-69

„… long history of regulation in network industries is evidence to the fact that competition authorities …” „… deregulation in network industries since the 1980s demonstrates a changed perspective. Network sectors may not …” „… market environments. Using these models as referencemodels to judge competition in network industries …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845212906

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Digitalization and the Impact on Television Financing

Stefanie Dänzler

Reihe: Schriften zur Medienwirtschaft und zum Medienmanagement

Band 29 2011

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Information and Network Effects S. 63-66

„… 63 5.3.3 Information and Network Effects “Networks exhibit positive consumption and produced …” „… a unit of the good increases with the number of units sold” (Economies 1995, p. 6). Network effects …” „… possibility to interact with other users of the same product. The synchronous benefit is the network effect …”

Information and Economies of Scope S. 61-63

„… other distributors (see Karstens/Schütte 2009, p. 75). 63 5.3.3 Information and Network Effects …” „… units sold” (Economies 1995, p. 6). Network effects are also called network externalities or demand-side …” „… . The synchronous benefit is the network effect that is more important. Direct network effects can be …”

Information and Demand S. 66-69

„… network effects can cause a monopolization that only allows one technology to rule the market. To ensure a …” „… a network influences its complementary services. Quantity pushes aside scarcity as a factor of value …” „… called lock-in effect (see Picot/Neuburger 2006, p. 130; Shapiro/Varian 1999, p. 104). In extreme cases …”

Model Sharing and Community S. 126-127

„… other recipients. This works as a seal of approval, which is then spread by network effects and …” „… be of major importance, as it has been established already by the network economy, to focus …” „… ), for example, is a network of recipients who exchange and provide information, runtime, disk storage …”

Business Models S. 131-134

„… television are changing with the digitalization process. This also effects and changes the business models of …” „… the network economy and which ramifications this will bring. 134 “The bits were, economically at …” „… , depending on who was receiving them” (see Anderson 2009, p. 100). 7.2 Value Chain, Networks, and …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… Information and Economies of Scope 61 5.3.3 Information and Network Effects 63 5.3.4 Information and …” „… commendable analysis of the effects of digitalization on the new financing models of media companies. The …” „… Demand 66 5.3.5 Information and External Effects 69 5.3.6 Information and Sunk Cost 70 5.3.7 …”

Introduction S. 15-18

„… needs to be reconsidered and adapted to the economic challenges of the network economy. In Germany fees …” „… and private broadcasting networks. In addition to conventional broadcasting services, there are other …” „… the new qualities of digital commodities and learn how the network economy works. This will allow them …”

Conclusion S. 139-142

„… of information. Network effects are contributing to this dynamic. To avoid the monopolization of …” „… revenue models and adapt them to those of the network economy. Conventional revenues through advertising …” „… value chain of digital television is changing. How will the new value network of digital television look …”

Data Mining and Customer Relationship Management S. 125-126

„… , which is then spread by network effects and strengthens customer loyalty (see Kress 2001, p. 112). With …” „… the network economy, to focus predominantly on the recipients when offering information. Information …” „… on Internet platforms. Peer-to-peer (P2P), for example, is a network of recipients who exchange and …”

Summary S. 127-130

„… the secure dissemination and exploitation of digital contents via network distribution channels, such …” „… chapter, show that the development in the network economy is deviating extremely from the models used in …” „… from the experience companies made in the network economy, should be incorporated into new revenue …”

Information as Merit Good S. 53-55

„… peer-to-peer networks17 and their free-of-charge-strategy also the number of private information providers is …” „… increasing. Within networks people are working jointly on creating information. Through the collaboration of …” „… of exclusion, externalities, asymmetric distribution of information, and high persuasive effects (see …”

Summary S. 45-48

„… Internet was established as a medium for the masses. This effect is already known from the book trade and …” „… regarded as a new kind of currency and whether it is a new limiting factor in the economy. Key networks are …” „… an increasingly significant factor in determining the preferences of economic agents. Networks …”

Information and Economies of Scale S. 59-61

„… effect) decrease rapidly. These advantages may lead to a concentration and monopolization of the …” „… expansion of the customer network, the lower prices lead to an increase in the demand which again leads to …” „… case-by-case if this effect really occurs (see Kiefer, 2001, p. 166 ff.). No matter which funding model is …”

References S. 143-153

„… , 2003 Liebowitz/Margolis, S.F./Stephen: Network Externalites (Effects …” „… Economides, Nicolas: The Economics of Networks , www.stern.nyu.edu/networks /94-24.pdf., 1995 Eichsteller …” „… ), utdallas.edu/~liebowit/palgrave/network.html, 1998 Linde, Frank: Ökonomie der Information, Universitätsverlag Göttingen, 2005 Lobigs, Frank …”

Summary S. 25-26

„… and networks may supplant conventional distribution channels. 2.2 Summary The transition from analog …” „… effect of the change from analog to digital technology is the separation of content and physical medium …”

Definition, Participants, Flow S. 81-85

„… mentioned funding models will be complemented by new models that are adapted from the Internet (network …” „… (Werbeblockreichweiten-Spirale). It determines the reciprocal effect between the dissemination of information and the increase in …” „… powerful information providers to create barriers to enter the market. However, the spiral effect does not …”

Digital Recording and Production Techniques S. 19-21

„… distribution networks comprising more than 100,000 households. They must meet the criteria for public …” „… and playback channels (see Schloesser 2000, p. 6). In other words, one effect of digitalization is a …”

Individualization and Personalization S. 42-45

„… networks. Even though viewers have the possibility of shaping their own program using digital recorders …” „… Internet was established as a medium for the masses. This effect is already known from the book trade and …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845231150

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The Making of iCourts

Henrik Palmer Olsen (Hrsg.), Henrik Stampe Lund (Hrsg.)

2022

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Enys Mones, Piotr Sapieżyński, Simon Thordal, Henrik Palmer Olsen, Sune Lehmann Emergence of network effects and predictability in the judicial system S. 225-248

„… Emergence of network effects and predictability in the judicial system*Enys Mones**, Piotr …” „… * Originally published as: Mones, E., Sapieżyński, P., Thordal, S. et al. Emergence of network effects and …” „… Correction: Emergence of network effects and predictability in the judicial system. Sci Rep 11, 11945 (2021 …”

Juan A. Mayoral In the CJEU Judges Trust: A New Approach in the Judicial Construction of Europe S. 377-406

„… the Spanish Network of European Law, the European Centre of Natolin and the European University …” „… through the acceptance of supremacy and direct effect at national level. On the other hand, national …” „… stress out the relevance of networks and associations (Alter, 2009; Davies, 2012; Vauchez, 2010), which …”

Antoine Vauchez EU Law Classics in the Making: Methodological Notes on Grands arrêts at the European Court of Justice S. 135-152

„… en Loos equals “direct effect,” Costa means “supremacy,” Defrennes is “non-discrimination,” Cassis de …” „… delivered every year.13 Recent methodological trends that investigate citations’ networks allow now to show …” „… .), Handbook of International Adjudication, Oxford 2013.14 J. H. Fowler et al., Network Analysis and the Law …”

V. Appendix I-VII S. 489-632

„… Publication List: 2012-202150189. Mayoral, Juan Antonio ‘Book review of The Legal Effects of EU Agreements by …” „… Automatique des Langues Naturelles. Caen. 163. Schluter, Natalie ‘Effects of Graph Generation for Unsupervised …” „… , Mikael and Christensen, Mikkel ‘Global Actors: Networks, Elites, and Institutions’. Thompson, William (ed …”

Karen J. Alter, Emilie M. Hafner-Burton, Laurence R. Helfer Theorizing the Judicialization of International Relations S. 177-210

„… the effects of judicialization, identifying four phases of judicialization, and we classify the key …” „… treaties have autoTheorizing the Judicialization of International Relations181matic domestic effect …” „… , has occurred at the domestic level via a network of National Human Rights Institutions, many of which …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… network effects and predictability in the judicial system 225Olsen et al.My iCourts experience 247III …”

Tom Gerald Daly, Micha Wiebusch The African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights: mapping resistance against a young court S. 285-322

„… did not come into effect until 2004, and the first judges were not appointed until 2006.4.4.1Tom …” „… rights and civil liberties NGOs across Africa to challenge rights violations. This may have two effects …” „… that institutional structure has path-dependent effects and can shape the form in which resistance is …”

Rachel Hughes, Christoph Sperfeldt, Maria Elander Cambodians await crucial tribunal finding into 1970s brutal Khmer Rouge regime S. 323-330

„… participants, demonstrating the kind of scholarly networks constantly woven at and around iCourts.There was no …” „… about the effects of international criminal justice in different contexts and locations. My PhD thesis …”

Solomon Ebobrah The Uneven Impact of International Human Rights Law in Africa’s Subregional Courts S. 441-470

„… a clear mandate to exercise competence over human rights claims. The effect of Article 27(2) of the …” „… . Thus, the building of networks beyond my usual network began for me. The value of doing visible work …” „… wondered how that was even going to be possible in Europe where I had no networks. But it was with the same …”

Cesare P.R. Romano A Taxonomy of International Rule of Law Institutions S. 47-90

„… Adverse Effects of the Illicit Movement and Dumping of Toxic and Dangerous 30 The Inter-American …” „… Network’ (2009) 9 Chi J Intl L 233–73, 255.A Taxonomy of International Rule of Law Institutions87 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748927884

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Network Neutrality and Open Access

Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann (Hrsg.), Jan Krämer (Hrsg.)

2011

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Timothy J. Brennan Net Neutrality or Minimum Quality Standards: Network Effects vs. Market Power Justifications S. 61-80

„… network effects-based argument applies more strongly when there are numerous ISPs, where market power is …” „… 61 Net Neutrality or Minimum Quality Standards: Network Effects vs. Market Power Justifications …” „… neutrality—minimum quality standards. Such a policy directly follows from network effects in the Internet. It also …”

Johannes M. Bauer Network Openness, Innovation, and Sector Performance S. 153-176

„… communications. This chapter complements recent papers that have attempted to model effects of network …” „… spill-over effects into account and therefore under-invest in network expansion and upgrades. Such …” „… benefit network operators hence mitigating the effects of outgoing spillovers. It is difficult to a …”

Simon Schlauri Network Neutrality as a New Regulatory Principle of Telecommunications Law S. 43-52

„… discrimination, particularly in presence of economies of scale, network effects, and external turnovers. I …” „… proponents of network neutrality, among them van Schewick, question such a disciplining effect. First, they …” „… sufficient disciplining effect can be expected. 21 Cf. Carter/Marcus/Wernick, Network Neutrality …”

Hairong Mu, Carlo Reggiani The Internet Sector and Network Neutrality: Where Does the EU Stand? S. 115-152

„… effects of the network externalities, t is a measure of market power and ecpkn are the expected content …” „… regulation might have desirable effects, especially for network owners and content providers. The analysis …” „… Economides-Tag (2009), would induce network owners to supply a reduced level of quality with detrimental effects …”

Fernando Herrera González Net Neutrality Regulation: The Intended Consequence of Price Regulation in Telecommunications S. 93-114

„… . – Network externalities or »spillover effects« might distort ISPs’ incentives, causing them to charge …” „… edge of the network -- to end users, to the cloud, to businesses of every size and in every sector of …” „… debate focuses on the use of telecommunication networks and concerns its current and future developments …”

Bastian Henze, Florian Schutt, Jasper P. Sluijs Does Transparency Regulation Work? An Experimental Evaluation S. 53-60

„… , Jasper P. Sluijs I. Introduction Network neutrality has become a hotly debated issue in …” „… market for broadband access, in which network operators (such as cable and DSL providers) serve both …” „… networks, and allow for differentiated handling of packets.1 However, the academic literature has voiced …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… Timothy J. Brennan Net Neutrality or Minimum Quality Standards: Network Effects vs. Market Power …” „… Network Neutrality and Open Access Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann/Jan Krämer (eds.) Nomos …” „… .) Network Neutrality and Open Access Nomos BUT_Spiecker_6618-8.indd 3 07.04.11 11:30 1. Auflage 2011 …”

Jan Krämer, Indra Spiecker gen. Döhmann Introduction S. 13-16

„… effects of this development on infrastructure investments are currently debated. As more and more …” „… deal with the scarcity problem. This approach in its particular effects on innovation, competition …” „… addressed by the first part of the book, when the conditions and effects of net neutrality will be …”

Günter Knieps Congestion Pricing, Quality of Service Differentiation and Network Neutrality S. 17-26

„… Part I: Network Neutrality 19 Congestion Pricing, Quality of Service Differentiation and …” „… Network Neutrality Günter Knieps I. From Narrowband towards Broadband Internet This paper focuses on …” „… Internet traffic. In order to forward data packets from one internet access service provider’s network to …”

Harald Gruber European Sector Regulation and Investment Incentives: European Options for NGA Deployment S. 191-202

„… liberalisation process started in the 1980 there is a rapidly growing literature on the effects economic …” „… 1990s, like in other network industries, has been inspired by the concept of open access regulation to …” „… investment, while relying on the existing networks of the incumbent. Entrants were then expected to …”

Tommaso Valletti Net Neutrality – An Economist’s Perspective S. 81-92

„… scholar conducted in December 2010 using the keywords »net«, »network«, and »neutrality« returns …” „… been posted on the website of Social Science Research Network (SSRN) which is more focused on …” „… exclusively on the access network, the »pipeline« that is needed for the content providers to get access to …”

Iris Henseler-Unger Competition, Regulation and Open Access S. 203-212

„… access will have a positive effect on the market and the competitive environment. Similar to the magic …” „… broadband infrastructures, particularly in access networks – the so called last mile. Many different actors …” „… local municipalities, such as in Schwerte, – investments of cable networks in DOCSIS 3.0, and – the …”

Bernd Holznagel, Christoph Nüßing Legal Framework of Net Neutrality: USA vs. Europe S. 27-42

„… the new »Next Generation Networks (NGNs)«. Those NGNs are set to replace the traditional …” „… line-switched telecommunication networks (e.g. landline or cable), cell phone networks etc. Traditionally data …” „… was transmitted in a best-effort-way in these »old« networks.1 The new NGNs will use a …”

Thomas Fetzer Open Access and Access Regulation in Increasingly Regionalized Telecommunication Markets S. 177-190

„… access and price regulation for Next Generation Networks. One of the most prominent proponents of this …” „… framework for the development of modern telecommunications networks and the rollout of high-capacity …” „… Generation Networks2. However, on the second glance it becomes apparent that Open Access is far away from …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845230719

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Business Networks Reloaded

Stefanie Jung (Hrsg.), Peter Krebs (Hrsg.), Gunther Teubner (Hrsg.)

2015

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Jonatan Prosenjak Economic analysis of value-added networks: A holistic approach to the competitive effects of vertical agreements S. 227-259

„… Economic analysis of value-added networks: A holistic approachto the competitive effects of …” „… advantages and disadvantages of network organization. These effects must beincluded in the economic analysis …” „… Value-added networks make use of the efficiency-enhancing effects ofcontracts. They can comprise horizontal relations14 …”

Marion Schultes Company networks and the dichotomy and statics of competition law – a combined dynamic control of conduct and structure as a solution approach S. 198-226

„… analysed whether and if so, which effects may be connectedwith company networks that indeed do not imply a …” „… co-ordinated effects business networks can furthermore hold theII.43 See C. I. 1.44 See C. I. 2; Beeser, S …” „… particularly serious consequence of thesegroup effects is the fact that they may even emerge if the network …”

Katja Aedtner, Gunther Teubner Virtual enterprises: liability problems in one- and multi-level networks S. 381-394

„… these are the cases in which legally difficult network effects occur.10 Entering such a network cannot …” „… participants, thesedifferent purposes of the three networks also have clear effects on therights and duties of …” „… the affiliation of networks has legally relevant effects in modifying the general rules of trustee …”

Camilla Crea Contractual business networks: Interpretation criteria and axiological perspective S. 354-380

„… Network Contract, 10Legal Studies, 12-37 (1990); Wellenhofer, M., Third Party Effects of …” „… contracts, see Brownsword, R., Contractwith Networks Effects: Is the Time now Right?, in Grundmann, S. et al …” „… ) and the collective interest (of the network),between the function/effects of each contractual fragment …”

Peter Krebs, Stefanie Jung, Katja Aedtner, Marion Schultes The modular system of network activities S. 75-117

„… cooperatively produced network good and the concomitant synergy andlearning effects. And secondly, each …” „… findings.One of the central questions of network research is the legal assessmentof networks. In effect, the …” „… Schultes114ily rather be subjected to a stricter application due to spill-over effects,which negatively …”

Maximilian Becker Interface-liability. Tortious joint liability towards third parties of network-like cooperating companies, and at the same time a contribution to liability in cases of multi-causation S. 395-422

„… . Maximilian BeckerA. IntroductionThe cooperation of companies in the scope of a business network or a …” „… network-like connection is a form of organisation that allows carrying outlarger projects together with several …” „… company forms with a defined liabilityregime for the organised interaction of several. Within a network …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… . Whereas Schultes focuses on those network effects restricting competition that go beyondPreface6actual …” „… agreements, Prosenjak discusses the positive effects networks haveon competition. Subsequently …” „… networks: A holistic approach tothe competitive effects of vertical agreements 227Jonatan ProsenjakCompany …”

Peter Krebs, Stefanie Jung Introductory remarks on the phenomenon of business networks and on this volume S. 11-21

„… effect. Accordingly, some business networks fail in practice,3 but there arenevertheless also many …” „… of the participants and the possible legal configurationoptions.The effects of business networks on …” „… , Dr. Stefanie Jung, M.A. (CoE)The economic phenomenon of business networksA greatly simplified …”

Carlos Gómez Asensio A frame for business networks governance S. 319-353

„… (18-19): “The (business) network stabilises relationships narrowing negative effects from instability of …” „… network is a set of connected relationships between firms (Hakansson & Johanson,1993), effects will flow …” „… market conditions.38 In the case of contractual networks, thisand only towards time the effects looked by …”

Peter Krebs, Stefanie Jung Governance structures in business networks S. 118-170

„… seqq.); Wellenhofer, M., Third Party Effects of Bilateral Contracts Within the Network, in: Amstutz …” „… court-of-law-validated effects of practices within business networks, these usages have considerable …” „… Governance structures in business networks1Prof. Dr. Peter Krebs, Dr. Stefanie Jung, M.A …”

Johannes Glückler, Ingmar Hammer Cooperation gains from network goods S. 22-40

„… demonstrated the positive effect a position of structural autonomy inego networks has on the careers and salary …” „… ) Knowledge networks as channels and conduits:The effects of spillovers in the Boston biotechnology community …” „… Cooperation gains from network goodsProf. Dr. Johannes Glückler, Ingmar HammerIntroductionHow can a …”

Peter Krebs, Katja Aedtner, Marion Schultes Company networks reloaded – putting a general functional approach to defining complex problems to the test S. 41-74

„… formsof organization (NGOs, public associations) can feature network-likestructures. But the effects and …” „… of distributive equality is not suitable to further specify the definition of networks.Effects …” „… Company networks reloaded – putting a general functionalapproach to defining complex problems to …”

Katja Aedtner Network-like organisations: On their distinction and meaning exemplified by the co-operation in construction S. 171-197

„… to this effect then the results of network research can also provide solution approaches for problems …” „… especiallyin form of coordination costs and domino risks resulting from network effects; seeon this shortly …” „… Network-like organisations: On their distinction and meaningexemplified by the co-operation in …”

Hermann Dück, Alexander Eufinger, Marion Schultes Company networks in the light of European market power S. 260-277

„… Company networks in the light of European market power1Hermann Dück, Dr. Alexander Eufinger, Marion …” „… SchultesThe authors examine the complex structures of business networks from anantitrust point of using the …” „… example of networks with potential marketpower, which may fall under the scope of the European prohibition …”

Emily M. Weitzenboeck The scope of loyalty duties in dynamic networks S. 278-318

„… The scope of loyalty duties in dynamic networksDr. Emily M. WeitzenboeckIntroduction1The last three …” „… decades have witnessed the growth of new forms of entrepreneurial cooperation such as dynamic networks …” „… , including freelancers, link up together or with larger firms and form networks that respond quickly …”

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