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International Sales Law

Larry DiMatteo (Hrsg.), André Janssen (Hrsg.), Ulrich Magnus (Hrsg.), Reiner Schulze (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Band 2021

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Larry A. DiMatteo, Giuditta Cordero-Moss Chapter 28 Long-Term Contracts: Installment and Supply Contracts S. 968-995

„… CHAPTER 28LONG-TERM CONTRACTS:INSTALLMENT AND SUPPLY CONTRACTSLarry A. DiMatteo and Giuditta …” „… closely aligned withregulating long-term contracts.After defining long-term contracts, and providing an …” „… performance of long-term contracts.This Chapter is complementary to Chapter 27’s coverage of ‘Agency and …”

Larry A. DiMatteo Chapter 22 Excuse: Force Majeure and Hardship S. 690-736

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126690 Larry A. DiMatteoVII. Long-Term and Relational Contracts: Supply Contracts andDistributorships …” „… especially in cases of long-term supply contracts where substantial changes in circumstances effecting …” „… includes both foreseeable (breach of contract) and unforeseeable (force majeure)events. The longer the term …”

Larry A. DiMatteo Chapter 4 Pre-contractual Liability in the Common Law S. 114-150

„… complex contractnegotiations, such as a long-term supply contracts for ‘primary materials’ often …” „… contract.Second, the fixed term does nothing to disclaim the party’s obligation to use reasonableefforts to …” „… fruitful and long-term? What typesof damages, if any, should the non-breaking off party be able to collect …”

Larry A. DiMatteo, André Janssen, Ulrich Magnus, Reiner Schulze Chapter 1 Introduction S. 1-15

„… other party. Theinternational sales contract, especially long-term, relational ones, need to be more …” „… DistributionAgreements’ (Chapter 27), as well as, the unique issues presented by ‘Long-Term Con-tracts: Installment and …” „… derogate from the CISG by simply incorporatingcontrary terms into their contracts.11 Therefore, the savvy …”

Larry A. DiMatteo Chapter 29 Post-Contract: Continuing Obligations & Rights S. 996-1034

„… are acute in long-term supply contracts, discussed in Chapter 28, anddistribution and commercial …” „… important in long-term contracts, distribution contracts, and commercial agencycontracts. For a more …” „… within the scope of the CISG is debatable.What is not debatable is that long-term supply or installment …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XLIV

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .VI. 333Inconsistent Contract Terms …” „… address these issues in their contracts.In the end, the book’s immersion of various legal …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .I. 18UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial ContractsII. 18Common European Sales Law …”

Séverine Saintier Chapter 27 Agency and Distribution Agreements S. 918-967

„… duty to act in accordance with the express and implied terms of any contract between theagent and the …” „… to indemnify an agent(1) in accordance with the terms of any contract between them; and (2) unless …” „… distributionrelationship. Indeed, the supply chain includes a wide variety of ‘distribution contracts.’It is therefore not …”

André Janssen Chapter 16 Examination and Notification of Non-Conformities S. 464-498

„… .(3) In these cases, the buyer may opt to cancel the contract or to fulfil it according to the terms …” „… . UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contractsand Principles of European Contract LawOwing to …” „… ) ContractsNeither the Common Law of Contracts nor the American Restatement (Second)Contracts are relevant for the …”

Michael Bridge Chapter 21 Risk of Loss S. 662-689

„… likely to arise in long-term contracts such as time charter parties.18 Asa result of the transfer of risk …” „… and on the usual terms (CISG Article 32(2)). Invery many cases, terms in the contract of carriage …” „… long-established terms used in international saletransactions involving marine carriage, namely, FOB65 and CIF.66 …”

Ulrich Magnus, Burghard Piltz Chapter 10 Trade Terms and INCOTERMS S. 322-336

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48VII. Inconsistent Contract Terms …” „… thus constitute internationallyunified standard contract terms which apply to a contract only if …” „… contract terms with an internationally standardizedcontent.28 There are several reasons for this view: (1 …”

Sieg Eiselen Chapter 6 Jurisdiction S. 176-233

„… defendant deliberately engaged in significantor long-term business activities in forum state; (5) whether …” „… part of a contract shall be treated as an agreementindependent of the other terms of the contract. The …” „… and will hencealso recognize exclusive jurisdiction clauses in international sales contracts.(b …”

Ádám Fuglinszky Chapter 3 Precontractual Liability in the Civil Law S. 37-113

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1501. Perception of Conclusion of Contract followed by New Terms . . . . . . . . . . . 1502. Higher …” „… having found compromiseson the essential points, refining the contract terms follows. The documents …” „… ’ will to conclude the contract with the appropriate content and terms.82 Theinformation (disclosure …”

Lisa Spagnolo, Larry A. DiMatteo Chapter 23 Contract Interpretation and Merger Clauses S. 737-808

„… terms of a contract (sin-gle document, multiple documents, oral representations, incorporation by …” „… parties have not affixed a meaning to a term in the contract, either consciously(open term) or unknowingly …” „… ofContract’, Chapter 10 on ‘Trade Terms and INCOTERMS’, Chapter 12 on ‘Delivery ofGoods’, Chapter 13 on …”

Christian Fleischmann, Martin Schmidt-Kessel Chapter 13 Delivery of Documents S. 388-422

„… clause compared to using an individually nego-tiated contract term is that the INCOTERMS 2020 clauses are …” „… ) If the contract involves carriage of the goods, the seller may dispatch the goods in terms whereby …” „… the sales contract. It also defines the term‘documents controlling the[disposition of the goods] in …”

Ulrich Magnus Chapter 9 Incorporation of Standard Terms S. 295-321

„… enacted to regulate consumer standard term contractsbe applied by analogy to commercial contracts? (7) How …” „… Principles of International Commercial ContractsNotion of Standard Contract TermsArticle 2.1.19(2) of the …” „… transactions as well as consumer contracts.The PECL define standard contract terms in Article 2:209(3) PECL:(3 …”

Sörren Kiene Chapter 12 Delivery of Goods S. 365-387

„… agreement can be reached, the terms shall be determined inaccordance with the related terms of the contract …” „… agreement the seller isobliged to arrange for shipment. So just like the term ‘contract of sale involving …” „… term as involving a sales contract where the place of delivery and theplace of taking delivery do not …”

Wentong Zheng Chapter 15 Sales and Intellectual Property Rights S. 445-463

„… drafting the sales contracts.III. Statement of IssueWhen a buyer faces a potential legal claim from a …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18IX. Practitioner Tips & Contract Clauses …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34VIII. Practitioner Tips & Contract Clauses …”

Sieg Eiselen Chapter 7 Contractual Formalities S. 234-254

„… incorrectlystates a term agreed upon but the contract is not enforceable under this paragraph beyond the quantity …” „… the parties will be enforced under the CISG in terms of theprinciple of freedom of contract under …” „… require formalities for specific types of contract in terms of Article 1.279. Article1280 requires all …”

N. Orkun Akseli Chapter 25 Assignment, Delegation and Third-Party Rights S. 839-876

„… contract" or of "all my rights under the contract" or an assignment in similargeneral terms is an …” „… terms of his promise.’Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 319(1) ‘Where a performance by a person is …” „… . Hein Kötz explains this point as follows:“[i]n the common law the term “contract” is not used in [the …”

Harriët N. Schelhaas, Harry M. Flechtner Chapter 20 Avoidance for Breach of Contract S. 612-661

„… PICC Article 7.3.7 (‘On termination of a long-term contract restitution can only be claimed forthe …” „… 9:307 & 9:308.26 Partial avoidance of contract is discussed below in this section.27 For long-term …” „… , furthermore, upon termination of a contract ‘to be performed over aperiod of time’ (a long-term contract), the …”

Reiner Schulze Chapter 8 Formation of Contract S. 255-294

„… dispatches a notice to that effect. If he does notso object, the terms of the contract are the terms of the …” „… different terms, such terms becomepart of the contract, unless they materially alter the contract or the …” „… , and(b) it contains sufficiently definite terms to form a contract.(2) An offer may be made to one or …”

Petra Butler Chapter 30 Choice of Law S. 1035-1095

„… be ‘clearly demonstrated by the terms of the contract or the circumstances ofthe case’. The parties …” „… shall be made expressly or clearly demonstrated by the terms of the contract or thecircumstances of the …” „… term of a contract, shall be determined by the lawwhich would govern it under this Regulation if the …”

Claire M. Germain, Larry A. DiMatteo Chapter 2 Language and Translation Issues S. 16-36

„… potential ambiguity of abstract terms; (3) Negotiation of complexor long-term contracts more likely to …” „… connection with the incorporation ofstandard terms and conditions into CISG contracts, and they have led to …” „… conflict? In order for the standard terms to be effectively incorporated intothe contract, in what language …”

Ulrich Magnus Chapter 17 Performance and Breach of Contract S. 499-533

„… contract.48Fundamental BreachUnlike the CISG the PICC do not separately define the term ‘fundamental breach …” „… terms of the contract, the seller may maintain anaction against the buyer for the price of the …” „… (3) If the goods do not conform to the contract because of a breach of any of the terms described …”

Francesco Paolo Patti, Willibald Posch Chapter 26 Defenses S. 877-917

„… would only haveconcluded the contract on materially different terms or would not have concluded it at …” „… contract.Article 3.2.7 Gross disparity(1) A party may avoid the contract or an individual term of it if, at the …” „… time of the conclusion of thecontract, the contract or term unjustifiably gave the other party an …”

Qiao Liu Chapter 18 Anticipatory Breach S. 534-558

„… for performance arrives. This approachis particularly appropriate in the case of long-term contracts …” „… party mayavoid the contract immediately by anticipating a future breach of an essential term …” „… at 88–92. Cf in terms of prospective incapacitation, Treitel, Remedies for Breach of Contract, pp …”

Michael Bridge Chapter 19 Remedies and Damages S. 559-611

„… supplies and extra staff and plant) incurred in the hopeof securing a valuable, long-term contract and its …” „… refuses to pay for the goods according to the terms of the contract, the seller may maintain anaction …” „… ContractsArticle 7.1.6 Exemption clausesA clause which limits or excludes one party’s liability for …”

Edoardo Ferrante Chapter 11 Validity of Contract Terms S. 337-364

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83A. Topics CoveredThe current Chapter concerns invalidity of the contract or any of its terms inthe …” „… diritto europeo (2017), pp. 23 et seq.Chapter 11 Validity of Contract Terms338 Edoardo Ferrante2345II …” „… ’ agreement with the intention to be legally bound, thecertainty of contract terms, a specific form, and legal …”

Bruno Zeller Chapter 14 Conformity of Goods S. 423-444

„… domestic procedural law to restrict the types of evidence that can be used tointerpret contract terms. In …” „… . Implied terms of warranty are recognized in most systems in caseswhere the contract is silent on the issue …” „… terms of conformitydefined? (3) How did courts and tribunals interpret the contract in case of …”

Sieg Eiselen Chapter 5 Scope of CISG S. 151-175

„… impact of incorporating standard trade terms such as the INCOTERMS intotheir contract. For instance, the …” „… contract terms forall their cross-border transactions thereby reducing unnecessary costs while providing a …” „… terms of Article 1,271 everything which forms part of freecommerce may be the object of a sales contract …”

Michel Cannarsa Chapter 24 Products Liability S. 809-838

„… is an implied term that the goods suppliedunder the contract are of satisfactory quality.IX. French …” „… generally concluded between two business persons. As aconsequence, unfair contract terms legislation does …” „… implied term that the goods supplied under the contract are ofsatisfactory quality.’56 The liability …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748922056

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International Sales Law

Larry A. DiMatteo (Hrsg.), André Janssen (Hrsg.), Ulrich Magnus (Hrsg.), Reiner Schulze (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Band 2016

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Giuditta Cordero-Moss, Larry A. DiMatteo Chapter 28: Long-Term Contracts: Installment and Supply Contracts S. 949-978

„… clause in long-term contracts.I. Common Sales Clauses and Long-Term ContractsHardshipIn a long-term …” „… Chapter 28: Long-Term Contracts: Installment and Supply ContractsGiuditta Cordero-Moss and Larry A …” „… closely aligned with regulatinglong-term contracts.After defining long-term contracts, and providing an …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-LVI

„… . 948Long-Term Contracts: Installment and SupplyContracts …” „… .........................................................XII. 959Summary of Law in Relation to Long-Term Contracts ............XIII. 960Commentary …” „… ................................................................................F. 962Common Sales Clauses and Long-Term Contracts ..................I. 963Price Escalation Clauses …”

Larry A. DiMatteo Chapter 22: Excuse: Impossibility and Hardship S. 665-712

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109VII. Long-Term and Relational Contracts: Supply Contracts and Distribu-torships …” „… courts is the duration of the contract.The longer the term of the contract the more difficult the …” „… contractual terms in order to preserve the contract or a long-term contractu-al relationship. CISG Article 79 …”

Larry A. DiMatteo, André Janssen, Ulrich Magnus, Reiner Schulze Chapter 1: Introduction S. 1-20

„… unique issues presented by ‘Long-Term Contracts:Installment and Supply Contracts’ (Chapter 28); and …” „… incorporating contrary terms into their contracts.10Therefore, the savvy international transactional …” „… inserting contract terms that pre-empt the application of ‘unfriendly’ pro-visions found in the CISG.In the …”

Larry A. DiMatteo Chapter 4: Pre-contractual Liability in the Common Law S. 57-90

„… contractual rights, and termi-nation of long-term contracts.15This leads to an interesting tangent: Is Scots …” „… negotiation stage ofsuch complex or long-term contracts, the parties spend considerable time, incurmuch …” „… contract. Third, in long-term negotiations, the intent not to be bound shouldbe reaffirmed. Thus, the …”

Ulrich Magnus, Burghard Piltz Chapter 10: Trade Terms and INCOTERMS S. 267-284

„… .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49VII. Inconsistent Contract Terms …” „… letterslike CIF or FOB can incorporate large contract parts this saves a lot of time andpaper. Trade terms in …” „… terms which apply to a contract only if validly incorporated.4Their international background influences …”

Larry A. DiMatteo Chapter 29: Post-Contract: Continuing Obligations & Rights S. 979-1024

„… . The web or network of in-terrelationships are acute in long-term supply contracts, discussed in …” „… obligations are also vitally important in long-term con-tracts, distribution contracts, and commercial agency …” „… distribution contract is within the scope of theCISG is debatable. What is not debatable is that long-term …”

Michael Bridge Chapter 21: Risk of Loss S. 635-664

„… Article66,17though it is more likely to arise in long-term contracts such as time charter-parties.18 As a …” „… (Article 32(2)). In very many cases, terms in the contract ofcarriage dealing with the carrier’s duties and …” „… allowanceis made for the particular place exception, is unsuitable for certain long-estab-lished terms used in …”

André Janssen Chapter 16: Examination and Notice of Non-Conformity S. 429-466

„… this—undefined—time period has expired, thebuyer is no longer entitled to avoid the contract and is instead limited to …” „… prescribed in paragraph 2 of Article 158 of the Contract Law is the longest reasonableperiod. This period is …” „… Contracts and theAmerican Restatement (Second) ContractsNeither the Common Law of Contracts nor the American …”

Severine Saintier Chapter 27: Agency and Distribution Agreements S. 897-948

„… by contractAn agent has a duty to act in accordance with the express and implied terms of any …” „… indemnifyA principal has a duty to indemnify an agent(1) in accordance with the terms of any contract between …” „… Commercial ContractsScope of the section(1) This section governs the authority of a person (the agent) to …”

Lisa Spagnolo Chapter 23: Contract Interpretation S. 713-782

„… terms of the con-tract; and filling in gaps of a contract (supplementation). A separate Part is …” „… . Identifying the terms of a contract is the primary issue for inter-pretation. At its heart, identification …” „… meaning of those terms.Numerous principles have been employed to discern the intended meaning ofa contract …”

Sieg Eiselen Chapter 6: Jurisdiction S. 119-180

„… set of standard terms will apply. At the time of theconclusion of the contract it may seem distant to …” „… long-arm statute which extends juris-diction to persons doing business in the state or breaching a contract …” „… or initiate business; (4) whether defendant de-liberately engaged in significant or long-term …”

N. Orkun Akseli Chapter 25: Assignment, Delegation and Third-Party Rights S. 813-854

„… "all my rights under the contract" or an assignment in similargeneral terms is an assignment of rights …” „… public policy or the terms of the agreement.’17 Restatement (Second) of Contracts § 318(3) (1981). E.g …” „… explainsthis point as follows:[i]n the common law the term “contract” is not used in [the context as understood …”

Christian Fleischmann, Martin Schmidt-Kessel Chapter 13: Delivery of Documents S. 341-378

„… ordocuments.(2) If the contract involves carriage of the goods, the seller may dispatch the goods in terms …” „… the duty under the sales contract. It also defines the term ‘documents control-ling the[disposition of …” „… can no longer reasonably be expected to uphold the contract.Article 9.1.2Article 11:101Article 91 …”

Petra Butler Chapter 30: Choice of Law S. 1025-1086

„… term of a contract, shall be determinedby the law which would govern it under this Regulation if the …” „… contract or term were valid.2. Nevertheless, a party, in order to establish that he did not consent, may …” „… country in which the principal place of business is situated or, where underthe terms of the contract the …”

Wentong Zheng Chapter 15: Sales and Intellectual Property Rights S. 405-428

„… sale, sellers and buyers need to take into account such rights indrafting the sales contracts.III …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19IX. Practitioner Tips & Contract Clauses …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34VIII. Practitioner Tips & Contract Clauses …”

Reiner Schulze Chapter 8: Formation of Contract S. 203-242

„… , theterms of the contract are the terms of the offer with the modifications contained in the acceptance.(3 …” „… , objects to the discrepancy. If the offeror does not object, the terms of the contract are theterms of the …” „… contains additional or different terms, such terms become part of the con-tract, unless they materially …”

Willibald Posch Chapter 26: Defenses S. 855-896

„… the party in error would only have conclud-ed the contract on materially different terms or would not …” „… the contract or an individual term of it if, at the time of the conclusion of the contract …” „… ,the contract or term unjustifiably gave the other party an excessive advantage. Regard is to be had, amongother …”

Edoardo Ferrante Chapter 11: Validity of Contract Terms S. 285-312

„… Chapter 11: Validity of Contract TermsEdoardo FerranteA. Topics Covered …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78A. Topics CoveredThe current chapter concerns invalidity of the contract or any of its terms inthe …” „… Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte, Romanistische Abteilung 50 et seq.Chapter 11: Validity of Contract Terms286 …”

Sieg Eiselen Chapter 5: Scope of CISG S. 91-118

„… Regulation enables traders to rely on a common set of rules and use the same contract terms for alltheir …” „… .) also applies to sales contracts.100 In terms ofArticle 1,271 everything which forms part of free …” „… vigi-lant when using English contracts to establish which trade terms are governing.116 Simulados Software …”

Sörren Kiene Chapter 12: Delivery of Goods S. 313-340

„… delivery cannot be determinedpursuant to other contract terms or trade custom,34 then Article 141 CCL …” „… contractual agreement the seller is obliged to arrange for shipment. Sojust like the term ‘contract of sale …” „… that after a contract enters into effect, the parties may agree to sup-plement such terms as quality …”

Qiao Liu Chapter 18: Anticipatory Breach S. 499-528

„… long-term contracts or where the time for performancelies far in the future.Mitigation of LossArticle 77 of …” „… , that show theparty’s intent to perform the contract according to its terms.77Consequences of …” „… ContractsAdequate assurance of due performanceA party who reasonably believes that there will be a fundamental …”

Michael Bridge Chapter 19: Remedies and Damages S. 529-586

„… in the hope of securing a valuable, long-term con-tract and its fixed overhead costs, such as the …” „… wrongfully ne-glects or refuses to pay for the goods according to the terms of the contract, the seller may …” „… the outstanding part.II. UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial ContractsExemption clausesA …”

Michel Cannarsa Chapter 24: Products Liability S. 783-812

„… an implied term that the goods supplied un-der the contract are of satisfactory quality.VII. French …” „… the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 and the Un-fair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulation 1994, no …” „… ) Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977.56 The fault is presumed: Troiano and Bisazza, in Ebers, Janssen and Meyer …”

Bruno Zeller Chapter 14: Conformity of Goods S. 379-404

„… domestic procedural law to restrict the types of evi-dence that can be used to interpret contract terms. In …” „… conformity of quality. Implied terms of warranty are recognizedin most systems in cases where the contract is …” „… incorp-orated as a term of the contract.Conformity with the contract1. In order to conform with the contract …”

Rafael Illescas Ortiz Chapter 3: Pre-contractual Liability in the Civil Law S. 39-56

„… some contracts and the existence of long-term negotia-tions.C. Statement of IssuesThree relevant issues …” „… equivalent to the final sale contract because of thelack of one or more relevant terms whose adoption remains …” „… . UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial ContractsGood faith and fair dealing(1) Each party must act …”

Harry M. Flechtner Chapter 20: Avoidance of Contract S. 587-634

„… party’s consentto contract—e.g., mistake, fraud, threat, and gross disparity of contract terms.The same …” „… chapterdenominate ‘avoidance of contract’. The PICC, PECL and CESL, for example,use the term ‘termination’.4 In …” „… used as the equivalent of the CISG term ‘avoidance’ (i.e., putting an end tothe contract for …”

Ulrich Magnus Chapter 17: Performance and Breach of Contract S. 467-498

„… definethe term ‘fundamental breach’ but combine it with the right to terminate the con-tract (Article …” „… of the buyer to accept and pay for them, in accordancewith the terms of the contract of …” „… .II. UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial ContractsPerformance of non-monetary obligationWhere a …”

Sieg Eiselen Chapter 7: Contractual Formalities S. 181-202

„… contracts.(e) Signature may be required to ensure that there is proper identification of theparties and …” „… inInternational ContractsLegal recognition of electronic communications1. A communication or a contract shall not …” „… particular form.V. UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial ContractsNo form requiredNothing in these …”

Claire M. Germain Chapter 2: Language and Translation Issues S. 21-38

„… with the incorporation of standard terms and conditions into CISG con-tracts, and they have led to …” „… conflict? In order for the standard terms to beeffectively incorporated into the contract, in what language …” „… translation.23 If the terms are not in the language ofthe contract, and no translation has been provided, they …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265155

Teilzugriff

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Commercial Law

Peter Mankowski (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Band 2018

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.7 (Restitution with respect to long-term contracts) S. 672-673

„… restitution do not regulate rights of third parties,39 if any, opposing restitution.40 F. Long-term Contracts …” „… Art. 7.3.6 further applies to long-term contracts (Art. 1.11 3rd hyphen) pursuant to the reference in …” „… paras. 2-4. Article 7.3.7 (Restitution with respect to long-term contracts) (1) On termination of a …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.8 (Supplying an omitted term) S. 569-570

„… often occurs in long-term contracts (Art. 1.11 3d hyphen).2 Absent a ‘severability’ clause including a …” „… given case, particularly in long-term contracts”.7 For the same reason the Official Comments to Art …” „… . 2.1.14 refer for long-term contracts (Art. 1.11 3d hyphen) to ‘Article 4.8 or 5.1.2’8 (→ Art. 2.1.14 no …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.14 (Contract with terms deliberately left open) S. 512-514

„… determination pursuant to para. 1 2d or 3d alternative). For example, in a long-term contract (Art. 1.11 3d …” „… Vogenauer/Anderson Art. 2.1.14 no. 6 and note 283, referencing for such a duty in long-term contracts to Yam Seng Pte …” „… . Special Circumstances (Long-term Contracts) In some circumstances such as the conclusion of a long-term …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 3 Transactions between undertakings S. 1321-1333

„… contract terms on smaller businesses should be banned.1 Yet, the entitlements granted by the Directive are …” „… long-term payment periods are adequate and justifiable, and should therefore not be hindered by overly …” „… (Germany: 30 days. The law implies that a longer payment term, while open to negotiation, is likely to be …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.12 (Writings in confirmation) S. 509-510

„… be a confirmation of the contract contains additional or different terms, such terms become part of …” „… ‘Confirmations of the Contract’ Might Alter a Contract In long-distance commercial negotiations it is frequent …” „… favouring contract conclusion (favor contractus) once the key issues have been agreed6 and absent an …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.8 (Termination of a contract for an indefinite period) S. 582-583

„… duty.7 (v) Art. 5.1.8 is not available to terminate a long-term contract (Art. 1.11 3d hyphen). The …” „… rule proposed by the Working Group to permit termination of long-term contracts for compelling reasons …” „… well as Vogenauer, Stefan, Termination of Long-term Contracts ‘for Compelling Reasons’ under the …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 4 Transactions between undertakings and public authorities S. 1334-1338

„… the same time, a contract may not exclude interest for late payment.8 V. Payment term for public …” „… which allows a longer payment period when expressly agreed in the contract and provided it is not …” „… agreement on longer payment terms must not be ‘grossly unfair to the creditor’ (for the definition of …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 7 Unfair contractual terms and practices S. 1342-1349

„… Unfair Contract Terms Directive,4 which only applies to clauses that have not been individually …” „… negotiated. That said, the Unfair Contract Terms Directive carries a definition which can still be helpful …” „… Article 3 (1) of the Unfair Contract Terms Directive, a term should be regarded as unfair if, ‘contrary to …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 4.4 (Reference to contract or statement as a whole) S. 566

„… C. Long-term Contracts For long-term contracts (Art. 1.11 3d hyphen) “which involve complex …” „… but may not contradict “the terms of the contract as originally agreed between the parties” (e.g. the …” „… ). Article 4.4 (Reference to contract or statement as a whole) Terms and expressions shall be interpreted in …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 14 CISG S. 58-69

„… take the form of an entity’s own standard business terms, or be sourced from a framework contract …” „… standard terms within the contract is widely viewed as a matter for the formation provisions of the CISG.64 …” „… (Simmonds & Hill, Wildy 2008) 303, 304; Burghard Piltz, ‘Standard Terms in UN-Contracts of Sale’ (2004) 8 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.12 (Computation of time set by parties) S. 498

„… commercial operations and transactions”.1 The descriptive2 definition for ‘long-term contracts’ in the 4th …” „… importance to long-term contracts). 5 Official Comments, Art. 1.11 no. 4. 6 Official Comments, Art. 1.11 no …” „… hyphen was introduced by the 2016 edition. It emphasises the duration of the contract as the core …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.9 (Release by agreement) S. 584

„… ) Art. 7.3.7 (which concerns long-term contracts) for issues of restitution.17 E. Contractual Options …” „… (i) Parties can avoid the application of Art. 5.1.8 by working (a) with fixed terms18 (i.e. long-term …” „… alternative of termination see Art. 5.1.8 (for contracts with an indefinate term). 4 (2003) Study L – Misc. 25 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.4 (Duty to achieve a specific result. Duty of best efforts) S. 575-576

„… cooperation precisely, especially in long-term contracts (Art. 1.11 3d hyphen). A list of concrete affirmative …” „… the constructions site). In complex (long-term) contracts with an obligee engaging several separate …” „… long-term contracts (Art. 1.11 3d hyphen), a general duty “to use best efforts” to solve a problem may …”

Raimond Emde Article 15 S. 1284-1285

„… request a signed written document setting out the terms of the agency contract including any terms …” „… of the parties to the agency contract that each party shall be entitled to receive from the other on …” „… of requiring the written form as a condition of effectiveness of an agency contract. Scarcely any …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 38 CISG S. 200-204

„… Art. 39, as long as the examining authority was, as provided for in the parties’ contract, a neutral …” „… III. Legal consequences As long as the right to cure under Art. 37 exists, the buyer is prevented …” „… be unsuccessful or impossible, the buyer may avoid the contract for anticipatory breach (→ Art. 72).6 …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 1 Scope of Application S. 1184-1187

„… , whether it had been agreed upon under the form of a single contract or of a series of contracts, and it …” „… does not lose its international character merely because one contract or a series of contracts is to be …” „… set out in Chapter V, subject to the terms contained therein. Overview …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.5 (Effects of termination in general) S. 667-668

„… Principles is helpful because, in practice (except for long-term contracts,4 Art. 1.11 3rd hyphen), there is …” „… termination of long-term contracts for which Art. 5.1.8 sentence 2 explicitly refers to Art. 7.3.7. B …” „… not affect any provision in the contract for the settlement of disputes or any other term of the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.1.6 (Exemption clauses) S. 637-640

„… the author in a number of long-term German-Japanese contracts relating to the introduction of German …” „… was set for a “longer than a ‘reasonable’ period”34) or (b) the obligor has sent a notice (Art. 1.10 …” „… the possibility of providing for an additional period for performance after contract conclusion, a …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.3 (Co-operation between the parties) S. 573-574

„… co-coperation for long-term contracts13 (Art. 1.11 3d hyphen), e.g. the necessity to avoid interference on the …” „… Art. 5.1.1 by providing a list of criteria to determine if the contract contains an implied term. In …” „… perspective of an arbitrator; if the implied term is mainly deduced from “practices established between the …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 19 CISG S. 93-101

„… object, the terms of the contract are the terms of the offer with the modifications contained in the …” „… meaning of terms or supplementation of terms: Lisa Spagnolo, ‘Contract Interpretation’ in Larry …” „… , or, if divergent terms are immaterial, a modified acceptance which will conclude a contract absent …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.1.7 (Force majeure) S. 641-645

„… , 1.3, 1.5). (iii) In long-term contracts (Arts. 1.11 3rd hyphen) the severability clause is of …” „… . Long-term Contracts For long-term contracts (Art. 1.11 3rd hyphen), which are often based on substantial …” „… ) Depending on the circumstances of a contract, there are sometimes legitimate interests to limit the …”

Stefan Kröll Article 39 Assignment of Proceeds S. 1504-1531

„… 7.1.4 3 – requirements UNIDROIT 7.1.4 3 – restitution regarding long-term contracts UNIDROIT 7.3.7 …” „… 12 Long-term contract – contractual duty to “negotiate in good faith” UNIDROIT 2.1.15 3 – defined …” „… CISG 29 2 et seqq. – of agency contracts Dir. 86/653/EEC 13 1 – proposal of termination of long-term …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction to the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (“PICC”) S. 462-476

„… , Termination of Long-term Contracts ‘for Compelling Reasons’ under the UNIDROIT Principles: The German Origins …” „… on long-term contracts and their special needs).40 For each chapter a rapporteur prepared a …” „… edition44 (which solely concern long-term contracts), parties can continue to agree on the 2010 edition of …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 1 Subject matter and scope S. 1307-1310

„… pay the invoice. The term for payment is usually agreed between the parties in the contract, set out …” „… applies to public entities. In terms of content, although many parts of its predecessor remain unchanged …” „… executed later than the accorded payment term, even if one party has already fulfilled his obligations (the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.3.6 (Restitution with respect to contracts to be performed at one time) S. 669-671

„… property rights, exit costs).16 (ii) In case of long-term contracts (Art. 1.11 3rd hyphen), it is …” „… for restitution after termination: Art. 7.3.7 for long-term contracts1 (Art. 1.11 3d hyphen) and Art …” „… wording includes all contracts which, according to their terms, provide for ‘performance in one piece …”

Raimond Emde Article 17 S. 1287-1295

„… applies. Clearly, the indemnity is payable on the end of a fixed term contract and in principle, an …” „… is, after termination of the agency contract, indemnified in accordance with paragraph 2 or …” „… the commercial agent's average annual remuneration over the preceding five years and if the contract …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Preamble (Purpose of the Principles) S. 477-483

„… contracts’ but also for ‘complex transactions – in particular long-term contracts’.4 The possibility for …” „… , Preamble, no. 2, p. 2 (with reference to the definition of ‘long-term contracts’ in Art. 1.11 – 3d hyphen …” „… the contract (like standard terms and conditions), while the contract is otherwise governed by a …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 18 Damage to Cargo S. 1206-1212

„… baggage claim area. Thereafter the carrier no longer has any control over the baggage, and liability …” „… ceases. The term “on board the aircraft” is self-explanatory, although it would appear to be redundant …” „… carriage takes place in the performance of a contract for carriage by air, for the purpose of loading …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 3.2.12 (Time limits) S. 551-552

„… capable of acting freely. (2) Where an individual term of the contract may be avoided by a party under …” „… Article 3.2.11 (Notice of avoidance) The right of a party to avoid the contract is exercised by …” „… . 1.10)5 may include unequivocal conduct6 indicating the intention to annul the contract.7 It is not …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.2 (Implied obligations) S. 572

„… Art. 4.8 and 5.1.1 in the comments to Art. 2.1.14 which refer for the gapfilling in long-term …” „… ), systematically it appears to be correct (i) to first interpret the contract pursuant to Arts. 4.1-4.7, to then …” „… (ii) try to ‘supplement’ a term under Art. 4.8 (iii) before determining if there is an ‘implied term …”

Article 29 Additional national provisions S. 1065-1067

„… contract orally made or it may be implied in the contract’s terms. Also, a choice of law provision may be …” „… such currency at the date of judgement or the date agreed upon by the parties. The value, in terms of …” „… question for its operations and transactions. Article 28 includes a definition of the term “unit of account …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 18 CISG S. 81-92

„… contract, such as performance following a belated attempt to introduce standard terms after contractual …” „… after contract formed, standard terms in order confirmation). Contra ICC Case No 8611/1997, 23 January …” „… of standard terms). 68 See discussion → Art. 18 CISG paras 19-28. PART II FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 67 CISG S. 303-308

„… Article 67 CISG (1) If the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods and the seller is not bound to …” „… the first carrier for transmission to the buyer in accordance with the contract of sale. If the seller …” „… clearly identified to the contract, whether by markings on the goods, by shipping documents, by notice …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.4 (Mandatory rules) S. 486-488

„… validity of contract terms under German law it can make a difference if they are ‘standard terms’ or …” „… Article 1.3 (Binding character of contract) A contract validly entered into is binding upon the …” „… parties. It can only be modified or terminated in accordance with its terms or by agreement or as …”

Peter Mankowski Article 1 S. 422-424

„… with any term of the contract on equal footing and does not single out obligations directly related to …” „… arising from a contract of international sale of goods or relating to its breach, termination or …” „… invalidity can no longer be exercised by reason of the expiration of a period of time. Such a period of time …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.18 (Modification in a particular form) S. 519

„… enables a party, in particular of a long-term contract (Art. 1.11 3d hyphen), to rely on the agreed terms …” „… Article 2.1.18 (Modification in a particular form) A contract in writing which contains a clause requiring …” „… contract conclusion. Such protection of the ‘integrity of the writing’1 is standard in international …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.1 (Manner of formation) S. 499-500

„… misses or does not clearly define an essential term11 there can be a contract.12 In light of the favour …” „… specify the time zone in the contract for the sake of clarity. Often, contracts do not reach that level of …” „… Formation and Authority of Agents Section 1 Formation Article 2.1.1 (Manner of formation) A contract may be …”

Erik Evtimov, Tatyana Payosova Article 17 Delivery S. 1148-1149

„… received the consignment note and paid the charges resulting from the contract of carriage, so long as an …” „… , intermediate storage, packaging and repackaging of goods, are included in the overall term “handling of goods …” „… not unilaterally set additional periods after the conclusion of the contract of carriage and reaching …”

Peter Mankowski Article 22 S. 447

„… , this longer period is the relevant one for the one year period granted by Art. 21 which is only a …” „… clause in the contract of sale which stipulates that arbitral proceedings shall be commenced within a …” „… under the law applicable to the contract of sale. Art. 22 (1) establishes the generally mandatory nature …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction S. 625-626

„… has discretion to determine the date and the terms or (ii) to adapt the contract with a view of …” „… ) disadvantaged party may apply to the court (Art. 1.11)11 to either (i) terminate the contract whereby the court …” „… dealing which uses the principles of bindingness of contracts (pacta sunt servanda, Art. 1.3) as a …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.3 (Modification of limitation periods by the parties) S. 768-770

„… (lit. c). To accommodate a practical need for long-term contracts (Art. 1.11 3d hyphen), longer …” „… ) are respected. The modification agreement can be contained in the initial contract or concluded later …” „… separately provided that the limitation period has not yet expired.9 It can be combined with a contract of …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.6 (Determination of quality of performance) S. 577-578

„… ; (b) the contractual price and other terms of the contract; (c) the degree of risk normally involved …” „… liability is generally possible as long as it does not violate applicable mandatory law (Art. 1.4) and as it …” „… shall be had, among other factors, to (a) the way in which the obligation is expressed in the contract …”

Petra Butler Article 48 CISG S. 249-256

„… terms of business, as long as there is no conflict with the fundamental values of the CISG.7 II. Right …” „… the buyer is not entitled to declare the contract avoided as long as the seller has offered to cure …” „… the right to declare avoidance of the contract, is suspended even if in the case of avoidance the …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Article 12 Transposition S. 1358-1360

„… interpreted autonomously and uniformly.13 As Article 12 (4) uses the term ‘contracts concluded’ and not the …” „… effects may take longer time to materialise fully. Article 12 Transposition 1. Member States shall bring …” „… Directive, Member States shall decide whether to exclude contracts concluded before 16 March 2013. I …”

Petra Butler Article 58 CISG S. 285-287

„… goods are handed over if the contract provides for a step-by-step performance. In all other scenarios …” „… buyer’s disposal in accordance with the contract and this Convention. The seller may make such payment a …” „… condition for handing over the goods or documents. (2) If the contract involves carriage of the goods, the …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 19 Delay S. 1213-1214

„… no definition of the term “delay” or its duration in the Montreal Convention or its predecessors. The …” „… the carrier is able to prove the “all measures defense”. II. The term “delay” Because of the lack of …” „… definition of the term “delay”, both early court decisions and legal literature define it as “untimely …”

Marco Torsello Article 30 CISG S. 156-162

„… contract terms provided by the ICC Incoterms® for contracts for the sale of goods with delivery of goods …” „… application of the Incoterms is usually Article 6 CISG, according to which contract terms chosen by the …” „… terms of the contract, practices or usages, as supplemented, as far as necessary, by Article 34 CISG.24 …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 42 CISG S. 220-225

„… property, of which at the time of the conclusion of the contract the seller knew or could not have been …” „… contemplated by the parties at the time of conclusion of the contract that goods were to be resold or otherwise …” „… where: a. at the time of the conclusion of the contract the buyer knew or could not have been unaware of …”

Petra Butler Introduction to Articles 45–65 CISG S. 232-237

„… contract and a seller cannot claim damages arising out of the buyer’s failure to give notice.30 A possible …” „… remedy the defective goods in accordance with → Art. 48.32 Where the seller can no longer deliver …” „… conforming goods (because they are for example no longer produced), he is effectively barred from relying on …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 15 CISG S. 70-73

„… offeror bears only the risk of being bound by the very types of contracts envisaged by the offer, on terms …” „… then an agreement to modify the contract to incorporate them might be found pursuant to Art. 29 …” „… para. 1. 6 See → Art. 24 CISG. Art. 15 CISG PART II FORMATION OF THE CONTRACT 70 Lisa Spagnolo 29 1 …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 8.1 (Conditions of set-off) S. 698-705

„… calculate, without the burden of actual substantiation and proof of certain and foreseeable harm (as long as …” „… performance is due. (2) If the obligations of both parties arise from the same contract, the first party may …” „… private enforcement.3 It is therefore particularly useful in international contracts. The details …”

Peter Mankowski Article 5 S. 431-432

„… define a minimum threshold only abaft which vessels would qualify as ships.9 The term “vessels” in its …” „… from invalidity of the contract are covered.1 Art. 5 reflects particularities in the area of time …” „… based on contract.2 The limitation periods for the expressly excluded issues are generally 9 To the same …”

Klaus Ramming Article 13 Bill of lading S. 1030-1032

„… , Article 11.4 sentence 2 specifies that the terms of the contract of carriage remain relevant as between …” „… particular if he is identified as the consignee in the bill. Here, the terms of the contract of carriage in …” „… and separate contract of carriage. The bill of lading determines the relation between the bearer and …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.1.1 (Definitions) S. 786-788

„… . 11.1.2, joint and several obligations).31 It can make sense in long term contracts in which it is …” „… order to distill if lit. a or b applies),13 or (ii) in different contracts14 as long as (a) it is …” „… necessary (Art. 1.6); at the stage of contract drafting it may be wise to include more detailed …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 5.1.5 (Determination of kind of duty involved) S. 577

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 1.11 (Definitions) S. 497

„… conclusion of the contract; – “long-term contract” refers to a contract which is to be performed over a …” „… (unless agreed in the contract,4 or unless mandatory law in the sense of Art. 1.4 requires otherwise), but …” „… “place of business” is that which has the closest relationship to the contract and its performance …”

Stefan Kröll Article 31 Partial Drawings or Shipments S. 1490-1491

„… quantity of the goods is allowed, provided the credit does not state the quantity in terms of a stipulated …” „… tolerances for three different situations. First, where the credit already uses a general term indicating …” „… types of goods, such as commodities, it is not rare that already the underlying sales contract provides …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 2.1.16 (Duty of confidentiality) S. 517

„… of Understanding’ (dependant on the wording), or (ii) long-term contracts23 (Art. 1.11 3d hyphen …” „… improperly for its own purposes, whether or not a contract is subsequently concluded. Where appropriate, the …” „… (e.g. Art. 4.3 (c)) will usually lead to a straightforward understanding both of the term ‘confidential …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 23 CISG S. 114-115

„… prevents conclusion of a contract.22 It may seem disadvantageous that an offeror can no longer revoke the …” „… party determination of terms required for the offer to be sufficiently definite, whether the contract …” „… reaches the offeror, allowing them to speculate at the offeror’s expense.23 Article 23 CISG A contract is …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Introduction S. 714

„… into a settlement agreement. In complex long-term contracts (Art. 1.11 3rd hyphen) relating to several …” „… complex and multiple contracts are concerned. (ii) The parties are free to agree on additional effects of …” „… risk). Chapter 9 Assignment of Rights, Transfer of Obligations, Assignment of Contracts Introduction In …”

Peter Csoklich Article 2 S. 906-909

„… of transport would have been determined if a contract for the carriage of the goods alone had been …” „… , each of these different legal regimes are designed for uni-modal contracts: The Warsaw Convention and …” „… Agreement; Art. 1 Warsaw Convention), COTIF-CIM applies to contracts of carriage of goods by rail (Art. 1 …”

Article 5 Payment schedules S. 1339

„… long-term payment periods. If a creditor agrees to defer payment, fees and interest are usually priced in …” „… . According to Article 3 (5), this practice is permissible, as long as it is expressly agreed in the contract …” „… on the agreed terms. If an instalment is late, interest can accrue.3 III. Criticism Higher fees for …”

Klaus Ramming Article 1 Definitions S. 993-999

„… states of CMNI were no longer entitled to ratify the Convention. However, only Austria and Poland …” „… concerning contracts for the carriage of goods by inland waterway, Have decided to conclude a Convention for …” „… this Convention, 1. “Contract of carriage” means any contract, of any kind, whereby a carrier …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 39 CISG S. 205-211

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 43 Kröll (n 1) para. 53. 44 United Nations, ‘United Nations Conference on Contracts for the …” „… by the applicable domestic law pursuant to → Art. 4(a). II. Notice Content The term “notice” has to …” „… Kröll et al (eds), UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) (2nd ed …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 6.1.1 (Time of performance) S. 596-597

„… important that a missing term on any of these issues would prohibit contract conclusion (→ Art. 2.1.1 no …” „… amendments by contract (Art. 1.5), whereby an agreement that any of the issues is ‘of the essence’ implies (i …” „… determinable from the contract, at that time; (b) if a period of time is fixed by or determinable from the …”

Raimond Emde Article 6 S. 1275-1276

„… intended by the parties to express their intent not to conclude a “typical” commercial agency contract, but …” „… to opt for an atypical contract (not subject to the protective regulation),2 is nothing more than …” „… applicable substantive law3 – but evasive transactions are not to be recognized. The survival of the contract …”

Raimond Emde Article 18 S. 1296-1298

„… contract which conforms with commercial practice. However, the courts retain a discretion to award a …” „… , for example, because of the short duration of the contract or where, for example, the agent's loss is …” „… compensation for damage as provided for under paragraph 3, shall also arise where the agency contract is …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 44 CISG S. 229-231

„… profit. A buyer who failed to give notice can no longer avoid the contract, ask for repair or demand the …” „… ), UN Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) (2nd ed, Beck/Hart/Nomos, 2018 …” „… examination and notification duty by the seller can be grounds for a reasonable excuse, as long as such an …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 11.2.3 (Availability of defences against joint and several obligees) S. 820-824

„… could include clarifying language in their contract that Art. 11.2.2 shall also apply in such …” „… circumstances (in practice, this level of detail is realistic only in very large (construction) contracts …” „… the negotiation agenda of a contract because of its ‘technical’ nature which will often not catch the …”

Tim W. Dornis Article 73 CISG S. 332-338

„… contract under Article 73(2), considering the parties’ usually long-term relationship under an instalment …” „… performance – express or implied – in which the debtor makes clear that she no longer wishes to …” „… uphold the contract.31 VI. Declaration of avoidance; damages; burden of proof The creditor can avoid the …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.2.2 (Performance of non-monetary obligation) S. 647-651

„… requiring an individual skill set (e.g. of an artist, architect) or involving a “confidential and (long-term …” „… German-Chinese service contracts concluded with an UNIDROIT Principles-clause), or (b) by requiring …” „… contract, stopping a contract partner from doing something, often amount to specific performance of a …”

Raimond Emde Article 11 S. 1282

„… to a shorter term of the contract, should be included under Article 11 para. 1. Given the clear and …” „… ”. In case of culpable partial non-execution, Article 10 para. 2 alternative 2 already no longer applies …” „… established that the contract between the third party and the principal will not be executed, and – that face …”

Raimond Emde Article 12 S. 1282

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 34 Arbitration S. 1232

„… , as the court stated, “must be brought, at the option of the plaintiff,” in a State Party as long as …” „… the provisions of this Article, the parties to the contract of carriage for cargo may stipulate that …” „… this Article shall be deemed to be part of every arbitration clause or agreement, and any term of such …”

Sebastian Omlor Article 26 CISG S. 143-145

„… out by Art. 26 CISG. The party must make clear that it no longer sees itself bound by the contract …” „… processing generally, this breach of contract does generally not classify as fundamental. The criterion …” „… CISG A declaration of avoidance of the contract is effective only if made by notice to the other party …”

Peter Mankowski Article 3 CISG S. 24-27

„… time and thus gain ever more absolute and relative weight, the longer the contract is running. This …” „… covered by (f), but do fall under the CISG when they are the object of sales contracts.26 Oil and gas are …” „… of the oil or gas trade. Article 3 CISG (1) Contracts for the supply of goods to be manufactured or …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 35 CISG S. 190-196

„… deliver goods which are of the quantity, quality and description required by the contract and which are …” „… contained or packaged in the manner required by the contract. 2. Except where the parties have agreed …” „… otherwise, the goods do not conform with the contract unless they: a. are fit for the purposes for which …”

Peter Mankowski Article 82 CISG S. 384-386

„… PART III SALE OF GOODS 384 Peter Mankowski 1 2 obsolescence in long-term use are immaterial.7 A …” „… right to declare the contract avoided or to require the seller to deliver substitute goods if it is …” „… . I. Loss of the buyer’s right to declare the contract avoided or to require delivery of substitute …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XLVI

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 7.3.6 669 Restitution with respect to long-term contracts …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Article 2.1.13 511 Contract with terms deliberately left open …” „… or neglected. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG …”

Peter Csoklich Article 12 S. 926-928

„… and performance of the contract of carriage 926 Peter Csoklich 7 I. Background …” „… has taken over the goods for transport. The term “right of disposal” is misleading: In fact these …” „… of disposal is a valid contract for carriage.2 Since, in most cases, subsequent instructions imply an …”

Stefan Kröll Article 19 Transport Document Covering at Least Two Different Modes of Transport S. 1469-1473

„… (a) (ii) as long as equivalent information is conveyed. While neither of the terms has been defined …” „… documents it is sufficient if the goods are described “in general terms not conflicting with the credit …” „… indicated on the transport document. v. contain terms and conditions of carriage or make reference to …”

Klaus Ramming Article 12 Reservations in transport documents S. 1027-1029

„… contract of carriage in fact has not been validly concluded and that the terms of the contract deviate from …” „… as a bill of lading basically evidences the contract of carriage and the taking over or loading of …” „… transport document is evidence that the contract has been concluded (between the parties specified in the …”

Stefan Kröll Article 22 Charter Party Bill of Lading S. 1477-1478

„… examine charter party contracts, even if they are required to be presented by the terms of the credit …” „… original, be the full set as indicated on the non-negotiable sea waybill. v. contain terms and conditions …” „… of carriage or make reference to another source containing the terms and conditions of carriage …”

Christoph Oertel IV. INCOTERMS® 2010 S. 828-897

„… ® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 I. Incoterms® and the ICC The need for trade terms In the context of a contract for the delivery …” „… aspects of terms and conditions of delivery of goods in a sales contract bears the risk that some issues …” „… contracts.1 Trade terms are brief stipulations cited in the contract allocating a variety of obligations of …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Introduction S. 1179-1183

„… Heymanns Verlag, 2013) 965. Wolf Müller-Rostin 1179 1 2 term “wilful misconduct” and simplified both the …” „… and the Hague Protocol refer to the “carrier” without defining that term. New practices in air …” „… carrier identified in the contract (the contracting carrier) but also to the carrier actually performing …”

Peter Mankowski Introduction S. 1-8

„… added from the quarters of general contract law, namely the UNIDROIT Principles (PICC, also known as …” „… Transnational Contract Law’, 14 Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 469 (2007); id. (ed), Transnationales …” „… also upon non-State “law” like the UNIDROIT Principles on International Commercial Contracts14 or the …”

Article 25 CISG S. 130-142

„… (→ Art. 70 CISG). The provision aims to preserve the existing contract and its execution as long as …” „… as the buyer typically is no longer able to maintain the benefits granted by the contract.91 The time …” „… III SALE OF GOODS Chapter I General provisions Article 25 CISG A breach of contract committed by one …”

Christoph Brunner, Michael Schifferli Article 43 CISG S. 226-228

„… breach of contract by the seller before being allowed to ask for substitute goods to be delivered. Where …” „… fundamental breach of contract will normally be present.49 With regard to → Art. 50, the position is clearer …” „… ) para. 4. 8 Stefan Kröll, ‘Art. 43’, in: Stefan Kröll et al. (eds), UN Convention on Contracts for the …”

Wolf Müller-Rostin Article 17 Death and Injury of Passengers – Damage to Baggage S. 1198-1205

„… contract of carriage. 4. Unless otherwise specified, in this Convention the term "baggage" means both …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. The term “accident …” „… ” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 a) No definition of the term “accident” in either the Warsaw Convention or the Montreal Convention …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 10.11 (Restitution) S. 783

„… set-off regardless of the expiration of the formal limitation period (e.g. to becalm a long-term …” „… time-barred claim. It has been recommended “to contract out of Art. 10.10 or to amend it along the lines of …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.11 (Manner of monetary redress) S. 694

„… contract after his or her termination),4 it may also inspire the parties or a court in settlement …” „… negotiations or in preparing an “arbitration award on agreed terms” to split the weight of an award in several …” „… Vogenauer/McKendrick Art. 7.4.11 no. 4 (critizising the illustrations in the Official Comments as “a long way from an …”

Eckart J. Brödermann Article 7.4.12 (Currency in which to assess damages) S. 694

Raimond Emde Introduction S. 1247-1264

„… . commissions (Articles 6-12), as well as on the conclusion and termination of the agency contract (Articles …” „… the European Union. After long years of efforts, the Council of Ministers of the European Communities …” „… Commercial Code (ADHGB)). The Directive also contains large numbers of elusive, vague legal terms (“interest …”

Lisa Spagnolo Article 21 CISG S. 105-111

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 7. Timing of conclusion of contract …” „… ’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 6. Timing of conclusion of contract …” „… . An acceptance may still conclude a contract despite lateness when: the offeror consents 28 Accord …”

Martin Schauer, Magdalena Gruber Introduction Introduction Dir. 2011/7/EU S. 1305-1306

„… discretion when transposing the Directive. Moreover, in terms of content, the Directive’s provisions tend to …” „… transactions and to improve payment periods for public procurement contracts.7 This recommendation prompted a …” „… transactions still posed a severe problem in the European Union. Additionally, long payment periods by public …”

Peter Mankowski Article 88 CISG S. 400-403

„… long-term storage the first party might feel obliged to sell the goods in accordance with Art. 88 CISG zu …” „… cy to the first party to conclude the warehousing contract in the other party’s name and on the …” „… costs of storing etc.,9 measured against the commercial value of the contract. Notice of the intention …”

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Sozialer Verbraucherschutz

Eva Kocher (Hrsg.), Doris Neuberger (Hrsg.), Geraint Howells (Hrsg.), Luca Nogler (Hrsg.)

2023

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Nuno Manuel Pinto Oliveira Verbraucherschutz und Neo-Liberalismus S. 183-190

„… interesting on two grounds. It emphasizes the difference between spot contracts and long-term contracts …” „… contracts and to long-term contracts. Spot contracts are fundamental to all market economies—ll market …” „… . Long-term contracts, such as credit and employment, are fundamental to contemporary market …”

Thomas Wilhelmsson Alternative Economic Law: Challenging the Paradigm of Legal Dogmatics S. 115-124

„… discourse through a project on social long-term contracts in labour, tenancy and consumer credit law.12 In …” „… long-term contracts in labour, tenancy and consumer credit law. Eleven International Publishing, 2014.Thomas …” „… , and that instead it will open doors for more social justice considerations in long-term labour, credit …”

Brigitta Lurger Renting a Slave – European Contract Law in the Credit Society S. 171-178

„… spot and long-term contracts and LTCs, we seem to miss it. Other categories which have been used in the …” „… dependency give rise to long-term relations with corresponding rights and duties. The difference between …” „… relational contractsYou have suggested that although duration is the core criterion to distinguish between …”

Christoph U. Schmid Principles of Social Contract Law and Residential Tenancy Law S. 141-152

„… contracts”, as they were called impressively - reminding us that in long term contracts in labour, tenancy …” „… unity and consistency, have clumsily treated long term and one shot contracts with the same general …” „… contract”).Principles of Social Contract Law and Residential Tenancy Law 1433 on long-term relationships aims at …”

Luisa Antoniolli Social Contracts in the light of the Common Frame of Reference S. 197-208

„… contractual relationship is secondary, while in life-time contracts (which are usually long-term contracts …” „… contractual relations. These principles focus on social long-term contracts, which are essential for the …” „… Long-term Contracts in Labour, Tenancy and Consumer Credit Law, Eleven, The Hague, 2014.Luisa Antoniolli 204 …”

Joseph Spooner Responsible Bankruptcy S. 243-252

„… , 390–391.Joseph Spooner244logic of “spot” transactions to the long-term relationship of the credit contract …” „… only fails to recognise the special nature of debt contracts as long-term cooperative relationships …” „… that parties to a proposed contract bargain as to its terms so that each side will benefit.” The court …”

Hans W. Micklitz Udo Reifner – standing firm S. 29-34

„… agreements in labour were like standard contract terms, which Karl Llewellyn and Ludwig Raiser had long …” „… . I got engaged with his arguments long before we met personally.When Norbert Reich left the then …” „… ), Klaus Tonner (travel law), Fritz Bultmann (Unfair terms), Walter Stillner (unfair commercial practices …”

Martina Eckardt Market-Based Social Policies – Contributions by Udo Reifner S. 179-182

„… term “life time contracts”. This notion refers to such contracts “that ensure a place to live (contract …” „… now much more of a standard than the previous male breadwinner system with life-long employment …” „… contracts guaranteeing a permanent stream of income. This increases the need for consumer credits, for …”

Iain Ramsay Responsible Credit and the European Coalition for Responsible Credit S. 227-230

„… long-term nature of credit relations, where individuals are borrowing for many basic needs against future …” „… consumer credit. Concepts such as responsible credit, applicable throughout the life of a credit contract …” „… understandable; lending should be cautious, responsible and fair: credit contracts should adapt to changes in …”

Olha O. Cherednychenko Financial Supervision and Consumer Protection in the Post-Crisis European Union: An Uneasy Relationship S. 303-310

„… supervision under one 3 Eg European Commission, Communication on Long Term Financing of the European Economy …” „… in terms of financial consumer protection.Towards European supervision private law: What about …” „… contract law. At the same time, such rules set standards of behaviour in the relationship between a …”

Johanna Niemi Usury – A Forgotten Concept? S. 253-258

„… market rate for many credit forms has for a long time been very low, even close to zero. Luckily, Udo …” „… . Usury as a term suggests that there is some kind of limit to what is acceptable in individual cases. And …” „… remedy, such as compensation or damage payment or annulment of a contract, can be adjudicated in the …”

Alan White Sovereign Debt and Human Rights S. 259-268

„… intervene? A loan is a long-term contract. Time plays an important role. (see LTC discussion) But it is …” „… generation.Property and contract rights were given primacy in the crisis, meaning the power of individual states and …” „… contract and property claims of creditors. Taking the antislavery principle seriously means acknowledging a …”

Nick Huls Udo Reifner, marxist or missionary? S. 35-42

„… usurious contract terms. They were not used to bring their grievances to court, although they were …” „… orderly tekst of thirty pages, the longest interview ever published in that journal.In the Introduction we …” „… interview: “Udo, you come from a family of missionaries. Aren’t you also one yourself?” (After a long …”

Christine Riefa Consumer Education and Information Rights in Financial Services S. 345-360

„… result of borrowing) and over-indebtedness (financial hardship that results when the debtor is no longer …” „… example, Bar-Gill, Seduction by contract: Law, economics and psychology of consumer contracts (OUP 2012 …” „… 87/102/EEC, art 4. The written contract must include a statement of the annual percentage rate. Christine …”

Doris Neuberger The Money 1-3 S. 55-66

„… veil over the economy and is neutral for the real economy. In the long term, too much money will only …” „… long-term corporate success depends on the money gain and the managers “greed", but not on their ability to …” „… (Reifner 2017a) plays no role in the standard textbooks of economics, at least both terms will be searched …”

Christian Joerges Where the Law Ends – Why the OMT Controversy is Undecidable S. 327-342

„… to clarify. This legal architecture has a long history, which Isabel Feichtner, when she was still an …” „… question whether I agreed with that theory, I should desire to study it further and long before making up …” „… ). Administrative and civil law, unilateral orders and bilateral contracts, political action and investment — these …”

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International Investment Law

Marc Bungenberg (Hrsg.), Jörn Griebel (Hrsg.), Stephan Hobe (Hrsg.), August Reinisch (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Band 2015

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Irmgard Marboe V. Valuation in Cases of Breach of Contract S. 1103-1114

„… short-term contracts.Another important factor in long-term contracts is the involvement of risk. Asthe future …” „… . However, in the context of investment dis-putes which usually encompass multi-annual long term contracts …” „… in short-term sales and delivery contracts. As regards mid- and long-term investment contracts …”

André von Walter I. Investor-State Contracts in the Context of International Investment Law S. 80-92

„… the contractual equilibrium of long-term in-vestor-State contracts.D. Protection of Investor-State …” „… relating to long-term investment con-tracts frequently complements or replaces stabilisation commitments by …” „… revisited: a studyin the theory and practice of long-term international commercial transactions (Nijhoff …”

Kaj Hobér, Joshua Fellenbaum I. Political Risk Insurance and Investment Treaty Protection S. 1517-1551

„… long-term relationship with the hostState. At any rate the relationship is more long-term than a typical …” „… protection treaties – bilateral as well asmultilateral – signed by the host State;– long-term and short-term …” „… enhancement of the underlying project or the investor otherwise demon-strates medium- or long-term commitment …”

Morris Besch II. Typical Questions Arising within Negotiations S. 93-152

„… , Sanctity of ContractsRevisited: A Study in the Theory and Practice of Long-Term International Commercial …” „… of the DRB in Long-termContracts’ (2002) 18 (1) Constr. L. J. 8–19; John Y. Gotanda, ‘Renegotiation …” „… Mediation of International Businessand Investment Disputes Involving Long-Term Contracts: from Zero-sum …”

Michael Waibel II. Investment Arbitration: Jurisdiction and Admissibility S. 1212-1287

„… Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210(2) Long-Term Transfer of Financial …” „… . Whether the parties include arbi-tration clauses in their investor-State contracts, and the terms under …” „… the foreign investor. For instance, prospective long-term investorsin natural resources with a very …”

Anthony Sinclair VII. Umbrella Clause S. 887-958

„… . of Int’l L. & Pol’y 217–237.127 Clauses in modern long-term contracts more frequently seek to …” „… under a long-term agreementbetween SGS and the Ministry of Finance to provide pre-shipment customs …” „… terms ofan investment contract, not by changing those terms, but by ensuring that suchcommitments that …”

Jan Asmus Bischoff, Richard Happ A. The Notion of Investment S. 495-544

„… of the Term ‘Investment’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Sources …” „… . Wedemaier, ‘DisputingBoilerplate’ (2009) 82 Temp. L. Rev. 1–54.Significance of the Term …” „… ‘Investment’Naturally, the term ‘investment’ plays a central role in international invest-ment protection law. Two key …”

Achim-R. Börner IV. Investment Law and Energy S. 1644-1676

„… , areliable long-term security and stability of the production factors, a stable invest-ment and regulatory …” „… , but also long-term commitment – inview of the huge investments required for even simple parts of the …” „… contracts by new agreementsproviding for a 51 % majority for PDVSA and worse terms for the investors. ENI …”

Irmgard Marboe III. Valuation in Cases of Expropriation S. 1057-1081

„… supply, but also contracts of shorter terms, such asconstruction contracts or delivery contracts.The …” „… the practice of international investment tribunals, usuallylong-term contracts are at stake.50 They …” „… In view of the long duration of the 25-year contract and taking into account the costs formaintenance …”

Yun-I Kim I. Investment Law and the Individual S. 1585-1601

„… costly, have been made long-term and require a certain de-gree of risk mitigation. This does not mean …” „… longer timely to simply regard this field as a dome re-served exclusively for States.Decisions touching …” „… in clear terms.In 2001, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled in the LaGrand casethat an …”

Ursula Kriebaum VIII. Expropriation S. 959-1030

„… international law.For a long time it was governed to a large extent by the customary internationallaw rules on …” „… condition ‘in accordance with host State law’ intheir definitions of the term ‘investment’. Host States have …” „… the term ‘investment’ butsolely the legality of the investment.18 The tribunal in Salini v. Morocco …”

Jorge E. Viñuales VII. Investment Law and Sustainable Development: The Environment breaks into Investment Disputes S. 1714-1738

„… contract’ are broad enough tocover counter-claims based on contractual environmental terms and, perhapsalso …” „… , investmentschemes are subject to a wide array of legal rules at different levels (contracts,domestic law …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201. Choice of Law Clause in an Investment Contract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 …”

Pierre-Marie Dupuy, Jorge E. Viñuales VIII. Human Rights and Investment Disciplines: Integration in Progress S. 1739-1767

„… , to transnational public policy. Thus, claims based on contracts of corruption or on contractsobtained …” „… likely not for long – by some scholars and practitioners as two unconnect-ed branches of international …” „… Pierre-Marie Dupuy/Jorge E. Viñuales45contend that, in terms of historical origins if not precise date of birth …”

August Reinisch IV. The Likely Content of Future EU Investment Agreements S. 1884-1903

„… contracts,or any related order, judgment, or arbitral award.]’).Chapter 14: The Future of International …” „… , argues in favour of assuming that the term “foreign direct investment” onlyencompasses investment which …” „… therefore considers that the term “investments” under the BIT hasan inherent meaning (irrespective of …”

Ole Spiermann IV. Investment Arbitration: Applicable Law S. 1373-1390

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1B. Internationalisation of Proper Law of Contract …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162. Contract Claims …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26D. Contract Claims …”

Joachim Steffens II. Excursus: German Political Risk Insurance S. 1552-1568

„… long-term success inthese markets, German companies need a strong local presence. Yet, unpre-dictable …” „… intent possible for the first time.– 2000: First cover for long-term bonds with restricted possibilities …” „… guarantees can be the following capital investments mentioned in the guarantee policy thatare made long-term …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XLVIII

„… MENA region). He isspecialized in long-term commitments and their adjustments, acting as counsel-lor …” „… Contracts.Christina Binder is Associate Professor of International Law at the Departmentof European, International and …” „… Contracts and the Relevance of Investment Contract Arbitration .........Chapter 3: 80Investor-State …”

Borzu Sabahi, Kabir Duggal, Nicholas Birch VI. Limits on Compensation for Internationally Wrongful Acts S. 1115-1129

„… vio-lation of or interference with long-term contracts is awarded, if the investor hasthe opportunity to …” „… long-term contracts, the prospect ofreinvestment of recovered funds in profitable activities elsewhere is an …” „… ac-count the terms of the claimant’s contract which provided that, in the event of asale of the property …”

Christoph Schreuer V. The Future of International Investment Law S. 1904-1912

„… investment law both in terms of sub-stance and of procedure.Investors have reacted to the opportunities …” „… inContract and Treaty Arbitrations: Are there Differences?’ in Emmanuel Gaillard and Yas Bani-fatemi (eds …” „… . Most BITs provide for unilateral terminationafter a certain number of years. Therefore this is a longer …”

Richard Happ A. The Energy Charter Treaty S. 240-260

„… legal frameworkwhich will promote long-term co-operation in the energy field, ‘based on …” „… importance. While investmentssuch as power plants, pipeline grids or oilfields are based on long-term …” „… . 45(3)(b). There is no other compa-rable investment treaty. While NAFTA might come near in terms of …”

Catherine Kessedjian III. Where Public meets Private: a Few Thoughts on Investment Law and Arbitration S. 1879-1883

„… conflict between short-term demands and long-term rewards contributes to the crisis. For example …” „… between short-term company demands (which seemto be this era’s economic paradigm) and necessary long-term …” „… (for lack of abetter term) which permeates at least four questions:1) Economic models at large are …”

Markus Krajewski III. Investment Law and Public Services S. 1629-1643

„… should bedistinguished from other services. It should be noted that the term ‘public ser-vices’ is …” „… neither a term of international law nor of any national legal system. Itslegal meaning is ambiguous, if …” „… not non-existent.5 Nevertheless, the term figuresprominently in many legal and political debates and …”

Stephan Wittich V. Investment Arbitration: Remedies S. 1391-1430

„… frequently treated, in terms of remedies, as cas-es of expropriation.As regards investment contracts, the …” „… various forms of reparation and thus with remedies in the broadsense of the term.6 On the other hand …” „… in anyevent not play a significant role.B. CategorisationsAs stated, in international law the term …”

Index S. 1913-1952

„… chain– long-term commitmentChapter 13 IV 6enforcement Chapter 11 III 43, VII 1– 1961 European …” „… – commercial contractsChapter 6 II A 114– competences Chapter 6 II A 1– compliance clauses Chapter 6 II D 9 …” „… II A 33– ordinary sales contractsChapter 6 II A 115– overarching concept Chapter 6 II A 46 …”

Arno Gildemeister V. Investment Law and Taxation S. 1677-1691

„… the basis of a dispute resolution clausecontained in a contract between a State and an investor …” „… thepresent contract’2 or ‘arising out of or relating to this contract, or the breach, ter-mination or …” „… context of alleged breaches of the con-tract. This can, for example, be the case if the investor claims …”

John Y. Gotanda VIII. Interest S. 1142-1153

„… Principles on Interna-tional Commercial Contracts, both of which prescribe the use of the averageshort term …” „… tribunal to award interest has long been consideredinherent as an integral part of the overall claim which …” „… , thetribunal stated:Absent treaty terms or provisions in the governing law to the contrary, it is generally …”

August Reinisch IV. Most Favoured Nation Treatment S. 807-845

„… possibility of the inclusion of the topic‘Most-favoured-nation clause’ in its long-term programme of work.6 …” „… thecontracting parties to accord investors and investments from the other contract-ing party/parties treatment no …” „… multilateralizing effect of MFN treatment was no longer welcome andStates increasingly turned to preferential …”

Christina Binder IV. Circumstances Precluding Wrongfulness S. 442-480

„… terms of the fragmentation de-bate, questions as to the application of general international law in the …” „… Articles on State Responsibility. Today, it is no longer1.5 See e.g. Roberto Ago, ‘Addendum to the Eighth …” „… the Argentine peso and stopped the pegging of tariffs in government con-tracts to inflation adjusted …”

Jan K. Schäfer I. Alternatives to Investment Arbitration S. 1186-1211

„… investment protection context. An investment is a long-term commitmentwhich often takes a number of years to …” „… remains asuccess. It is common that disagreements arise over time in long-term relation-ships as things …” „… entity which has allegedly violated the investor’s rights.Given that investments are long-term …”

Burkhard Schöbener IV. Outlook on the Developments in Public International Law and the Law Relating to Aliens S. 64-79

„… decision is based onuncertain legal terms and does not take further ‘international standards …” „… effectivecompensation’) had long enjoyed customary international legal recognition. It is debatable,however, whether in …” „… contracts entered into directly between States and foreign investors, is not sufficient toshow that there …”

Ulrich Klemm III. Financing of Foreign Direct Investment by Development Finance InstitutionsThis contribution is current as of July 2012. S. 1569-1584

„… face an increasing challenge for their financing. In times of finan-cial unrest long term perspectives …” „… institutions (DFIs).9 The term bilateral devel-opment finance institution, although commonly used, is a …” „… term for this kind of institutions would be national development financialinstitution.For the purposes …”

Marc Jacob, Stephan W. Schill I. Fair and Equitable Treatment: Content, Practice, Method S. 700-763

„… environment conducive to long-term investment when they are applied in a way in which a reasonable personwould …” „… arbitral tribunals imposing upon the Parties obligations that do notarise in any way from the terms that …” „… difference of interpretation between the terms“fair” and “reasonable” is insignificant’ (emphasis in original …”

Lucy F. Reed, Jonathan E. Davis A. Who is a Protected Investor? S. 614-637

„… , requires tribunals to give content to the term ‘nationality’for purposes of determining jurisdiction …” „… meaning to the term ‘nationality’ under the Con-vention.11 The latter methodology honours the double …” „… the (…) nationality require-ment for natural and juridical persons (…) as long as there are no …”

Markus Perkams B. Protection for Legal Persons S. 638-652

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. The Term Legal Person …” „… investors raise two issues. The first issue is what ex-actly is meant by the term legal person or its …” „… combination, are the place of incorporation or the seat or the1.1 The term ‘legal person’ is not universally …”

Irmgard Marboe IV. Valuation in Cases of Breaches of International Law Unrelated to Expropriation S. 1082-1102

„… important long term losses.31The tribunal applied a DCF valuation in order to determine the losses extend-ed …” „… investment. Sometimes,the act of the State represents at the same time a contract breach and a treatybreach …” „… . In this case, the contract breach may be absorbed by the violation of atreaty obligation, such as the …”

Karsten Nowrot Chapter 10: Obligations of Investors S. 1154-1185

„… in-vestor-State contracts. In order to more clearly identify the indeed rather novelaspects of this subject and …” „… anachronistic perception of the subjectas one born out of historical circumstances that are no longer the …” „… transnational corporations operates much as it did long before the recent waveof globalization.1612 From the …”

Monique Sasson III. Investment Arbitration: Procedure S. 1288-1372

„… treaty-based versus contract based arbitra-tion, to speak in broad terms of different procedural regimes …” „… situation in international commercial arbitration,where the underlying contract and the issue of assessing …” „… claimant would be(c) in accordance with the terms of paragraph 3.3. (a) Provided that the national or …”

Stephan W. Schill XII. Multilateralization: An Ordering Paradigm for International Investment Law S. 1817-1838

„… would be in the long-term interests of developed anddeveloping States alike and would explain an …” „… Convention, and in the longer term for the development of a common legal opinion or ju-risprudence constante …” „… disagreementwith earlier jurisprudence in systemic terms and thereby aspire to influence, inthe long term, the …”

Sabine Konrad C. Protection for Non-Profit Organisations S. 555-565

„… requirement that the company have ‘real economic activities’, a term thatis not defined in the BIT, may be the …” „… tobring claims before ICSID.The ICSID Convention does not define the term ‘national’, but relies mainlyon …” „… toperformance under a contract, and intellectual property rights or know-how. In-deed, many BITs define …”

John P. Gaffney, Zeynep Akçay A. European Bilateral Approaches S. 186-201

„… profound impact that EU membership of European BIT contract-ing parties is having on European bilateral …” „… defin-ing what constitutes an ‘investment’, reference is often made to the term ‘everykind of asset’,12 to …” „… States. Thus investors no longer depended upon‘gunboat diplomacy’ or on the espousal of their claim by …”

Richard E. (Rory) Walck II. Methods of Valuing Losses S. 1045-1056

„… breach of contract, respectively,address the valuation of losses falling short of a total loss of the …” „… to comparable purchases and sales of companies,6 The terms ‘standard of value’ and ‘premise of value …” „… ’ are set out in the International Glossary ofBusiness Valuation Terms, reprinted at Appendix B in …”

Vivienne Bath, Luke Nottage C. The ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement and ‘ASEAN Plus’ – The Australia–New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA) and the PRC–ASEAN Investment Agreement S. 283-303

„… toestablish some degree of regional regulatory harmonisation in the longer term.Dispute Resolution and …” „… and replace the terms of ex-isting investment agreements19 but also to establish new principles to …” „… covered investments, as long as the measures do not ‘substantially im-pair’ protections offered pursuant …”

August Reinisch II. The Interpretation of International Investment Agreements S. 372-410

„… Meaning”of BITs and the Jurisdiction of Treaty-Based Tribunals to Hear Contract Claims’ (2007) 8JWIT 5–68 …” „… be interpreted in good faith in accordance with the ordinary meaning to be givento the terms of the …” „… parties.4. A special meaning shall be given to a term if it is established that the parties so intended.3 …”

Ursula Kriebaum III. Arbitrary/Unreasonable or Discriminatory Measures S. 790-806

„… investment treaties (BITs).1 However, even without a pertinent treaty pro-vision and long before the …” „… and Protection of Investment, 23Chapter 8: Standards of Protection792 Ursula Kriebaum5use these terms …” „… that the meaning of the terms‘arbitrary’ and ‘unreasonable’ is substantially the same. The National …”

Noah Rubins, Ben Love I. Ratione Temporis S. 481-494

„… under a con-tract) amounts to a continuing act;15 (ii) undue delay by national courts that con-tinued …” „… under the contract).16 Chevron Corporation and Texaco Petroleum Corporation v. Ecuador (n. 7) para …” „… with the first of the actions oromissions of the series and lasts for as long as these actions or …”

Joachim Karl F. The Negotiations on the OECD Multilateral Agreement on Investment S. 342-360

„… work of CIME and CMIT. This setupproved to be sufficient only as long as the negotiations advanced …” „… long part of the flight.However, at the beginning of 1997, it became increasingly clear that things …” „… long exception lists couldhardly be considered a demonstration of an open investment climate in …”

Gabriel Bottini, Veronica Lavista, Mariana Lozza E. MERCOSUR and CAFTA S. 326-341

„… prosperity in the four countries.’16Article 1 of the Colonia Protocol contains a broad definition of the term …” „… of Asunción.23 The Brasilia Protocol24 is no longer in force,since it was replaced by the Olivos …” „… terms,with Trinidad and Tobago.43MERCOSUR also signed a Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperationin the …”

Chester Brown I. The Evolution of the Regime of International Investment Agreements: History, Economics and Politics S. 153-185

„… , writers argue that a Statemay not validly bind itself not to exercise this power),41 so long as the taking …” „… defined terms. ‘Property’ was defined as including‘all property, rights, and interests, whether held …” „… was rendered failed to comply with the terms85 ‘Comment on the Draft Convention by its Authors’ (1960 …”

Ralph Alexander Lorz II. Protection and Security (Including the NAFTA Approach) S. 764-789

„… the terms of the treaty in theircontext and in the light of its object and purpose’. Thus …” „… standard would cover. This might be true if contract-ing parties like the US and Canada are involved which …” „… terms, the minimum customary international law standard could notbe reduced through a treaty …”

Armand de Mestral III. Pre-Entry Obligations under International Law S. 685-699

„… . Doctri-nal writers have long been of this opinion.1 Mirroring this fact is legislation, insome form or …” „… covers the same ground asthat covered by the standard terms of BITs between EU member States, is …” „… best development, including the execution of contracts under license, commer-cial or administrative …”

Giorgio Sacerdoti, Matilde Recanati XIII. Approaches to Investment Protection outside of Specific International Investment Agreements and Investor-State Settlement S. 1839-1862

„… have entailed them to relinquish their prop-erty without compensation against just a long term lease of …” „… contract with a term of three years for the opening of abeauty centre in the Hotel Habana Libre Trip. On 3 …” „… provisions as to the reciprocal enjoyment of property by nationals onthe widest terms. It is interesting to …”

Rainer Hofmann III. The Protection of Individuals under Public International Law S. 46-63

„… under Traditional Public International LawFor the purposes of this paper, the term ‘traditional’ public …” „… not be held likely to minimise the relevance ofdiplomatic protection: as long as investors can rely on …” „… Ener-gy Charter) or any other legal document such as an investor-State contract whichallows them to …”

Patrick Dumberry VII. Moral Damages S. 1130-1141

„… by the Respondent in relation to the contracts.’22The tribunal first noted that the Respondent had …” „… fault-based liability’.43 Based on the principle of ‘objective’ re-sponsibility which has long been adopted …” „… counterclaim under an investment treaty depends upon the terms ofthe dispute resolution provisions of the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845258997

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SozW Soziale Welt

Alle Ausgaben: SozW Soziale Welt

SozW Jahrgang 73 (2022) Heft 2 ISSN Online: 2942-3414

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Paul Severin Löwe Are first jobs in the German public sector more stable? An examination under consideration of the institutional structure S. 377-415

„… less relevant than for employees (fixed-term contracts).Our sensitivity analyses suggest that while the …” „… use of fixed-term con-tracts, have a significant negative impact. This suggests that the stabilising …” „… ) and two potentially desta-bilizing factors (probability of working in a fixed-term contract …”

doi.org/10.5771/0038-6073-2022-2

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Sorge: Arbeit, Verhältnisse, Regime

Brigitte Aulenbacher (Hrsg.), Birgit Riegraf (Hrsg.), Hildegard Theobald (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Sonderheft Soziale Welt

Band 2014

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Orly Benjamin The Narratives of New Public Management in an International and Israeli Perspective and the Gendered Political Economy of Care Work S. 257-272

„… long-term auditing model that maintains its Sowerrelations throughout the contract. Heightened Sublic …” „… \, fi[ed-term contracts.The Srocess of deskilling, i.e., treating caring emSlo\ees as untrained Sersonal …” „… long-term e[Senses of the historicall\ acceSted Sension entitlements) were negligible. He concluded that …”

Rianne Mahon International Organizations’ ‘Advice’ on Childcare and Latin American Experiences S. 455-490

„… cannot be resolved simSl\ throughindividual contracts and monetar\ relationshiSs.´ (CEPA/ 2007, S. 67)7 …” „… SarticiSation in the labour market on eTual terms with men. The6 See the Forum, *OoEaO SoFiaO 3oOiFy , for …” „… Srograms. Thus ShaSing the )uture of SoFiaO 3roteFtion noted that “genderbased social contracts that …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845255545

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Der andere Vertrag

Udo Reifner

2023

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

English Summary S. 29-38

„… long-term use of capital as an alternative tothe sales contract which makes acquisition of property a core …” „… essential elementsof the individual contract type. General terms and conditions of businessare classified as …” „… the contract therefore only a collective term for a multitude of phe‐nomena in which private …”

I. Soziale Dauerschuldverhältnisse (Life Time Contracts) S. 219-232

„… Zivilrechtsdis‐kussion eingebracht und auch für Juristen interessante neue Aspekte unterBegriffen wie long-term contracts …” „… , long-term credit relationships, and dynamic contract theory,1987; Booher, From contact to contract, 2003.219 …” „… (Life Time Contracts)Die Nutzung von Fremdkapital in Formen der Miete hat zugenommen.503Damit entsteht …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 423-446

„… .Crawford, Vincent P., International lending, long-term credit relationships, and dynam‐ic contract theory …” „… Contracts, 1981, http://www.lexinter.net/LOTWVers4/restatement_%28second%29_of_contracts.htm (geprüft am …” „… 02.08.2015).Antoniolli, Luisa, The Evolution of European Contract Law: A Brand New Code, aHandy Toolbox or a …”

II. Funktionen S. 67-105

„… long-term contracts sieht, von Dauerschuldverhältnissen(§§308, 309 Ziff.9 312, 314 BGB), während es bei den …” „… „relational contracts“eine grundlegende Bedeutung zur Abgrenzung dessen zuordnet, was diedeutschen Juristen …” „… Kapitalnutzungsverhältnissenübernahm oder nicht doch wie Dienstvertrag, Contrat de Service bzw. ServiceContract nahelegen, mehr Wurzeln …”

I. Modelle S. 39-66

„… long-term contract dieses Merkmal alsgrundlegend anerkannt haben.94 Es versteckt sich aber in Begriffen …” „… und spricht in den Art. 146 ff vom „Vertrag schließen“(contracter). Im schuldrechtlichen dritten Buch …” „… Contracts, 1981 (http://www.lex‐inter.net/LOTWVers4/restatement_%28second%29_of_contracts.htm) (geprüft am …”

III. Arbeitskräftevertrag S. 331-366

„… den Verlust anSchutz aus technischen (long-term) wie sozialen (Machtgefälle) Gründennicht kompensieren …” „… employment contract, it may be useful to goback to its origin: the locatio operarum. One of the strongest …” „… Arbeitsbeziehung übernimmt unddamit zum Denker und Lenker wird.775 Zur Entwicklung „from status to contract“ siehe …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748937913

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European Labour Law

Gregor Thüsing

Reihe: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Band 2013

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

. Precarious Employment S. 94-119

„… contract and the working hours compared to the full-time long-term employment relation-ship. This however …” „… requirements for theMember States to create their own reasons for allowing fixed-term contracts.III. Fixed-term …” „… Protection and Fixed-TermContracts, 1998; Thornley/Jefferys/Appay, Globalization and Precarious Forms of …”

. International Labour Law S. 208-219

„… isidentical to the wording of the Regulation, generally allowing dépeçage for contracts,makes no exception …” „… , Private International Law, 3rd ed., 2011; Chitty, Chitty on Contracts, 3rd ed.,2008; Dicey/Morris/Collins …” „… of Contract of the European Community, 1993; Kloss,The Enforceability of Foreign Collective …”

. Posting of Workers S. 172-181

„… competitive disadvantages. In themedium term and long term this will either lead to a decline of the wage …” „… Regulation (EC) No. 593/2008, the so-called Rome I Regulation (see in detail § 11). This applies to contracts …” „… whenit comes to price. In terms of competition therefore, treating the posting of workerssituation in the …”

. Proof of employment terms S. 164-171

„… the terms and conditions of his employment contract are, it wants toenable him/her to keep track of …” „… his/her rights and duties even in a flexible world ofemployment. Additionally, putting contract terms in …” „… (i). This can be a writtenemployment contract as long as it contains all necessary information. If …”

. Basics S. 16-35

„… fixed-termemployment contracts. In 2001, after a 40-year-long struggle, a breakthrough wasfinally achieved at the …” „… than 2 years were only allowed to be given a fixed-term contract ifthere was an objective reason) the …” „… December 2003 onwards – the termination of an employment contract inIII. To recap: The terms used in …”

. Freedom of movement for workers S. 36-59

„… contract mustnot contain any terms inconsistent with the relationship of employer and em-ployee” (Davies …” „… the last requirement – the contract must notcontain any terms inconsistent with the relationship of …” „… then only for long-term employment, section 14(4)no1 BetrieblichesMitarbeitervorsorgegesetz) and even …”

. Transfer of undertakings S. 120-145

„… regulations protection against dismissal wouldbe severely reduced. The seller, who then no longer has a …” „… contract of employment because the employee’s contract could not be transferred withouthis consent (see …” „… 1. The terms “undertaking” and “business”10Whereas in the original Directive 77/187/EEC the scope of …”

. Protection against discrimination S. 60-93

„… disadvantage, but it suffices to prove a disadvantage withrespect to individual work or contract terms. So the …” „… employee or customer does nothave to undertake a comprehensive comparison of the relevant contract terms in …” „… isproportionate. This is not the case for long-term employment but if an employee ishired specifically as a …”

. Protection against collective redundancies S. 146-151

„… life. His long-term plansfor the future are called into question, and he is often forced to leave his …” „… establishments governed by public law or of the crews of seagoing vessels ordismissals effected under contracts …” „… workers.II. Definitions employed by the ECJ8 The interpretation of the terms used in the directive has, as is …”

. Working Time S. 152-163

„… the case Lochner v. State of New York,198 U.S. 45 (1905)). For a long time the rules of working time …” „… “employer”. These terms have a specific meaning in Europeanlaw that do not necessarily correspond with the …” „… time in terms of Art. 2 No. 1 or a rest period interms of Art. 2 No. 2 of Directive 93/194/EC. In the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845259086

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Chinese Civil Law

Yuanshi Bu (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Band 2013

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

. Standard Form Contracts S. 127-135

„… (刘璐)/GAO Shengping(高圣平), A Study on Rules concerning the Incorporation of Standard Terms into a Contract …” „… the Contract Law’s Provisions on Standard Terms (对《合同法》格式条款规定的评析), Tribune of Political Science and …” „… transaction can easily impose into the contract unfair terms that prejudice the rights of the other parties …”

. Performance, Termination and Cancellation S. 87-110

„… , such as the purpose of the contract can no longer be achieved, or substantial changes have happened …” „… its relevant usage (art. 60 CL). 1. Construction of Contract Terms In cases of ambiguity in the …” „… wording, interpretation of a contract’s terms becomes necessary in order to find out the true intention of …”

. Property Rights, Obligations and Intellectual Property Rights S. 378-406

„… 9 XIAO Yongping/LONG Weidi, 195. 16 17 18 19 Manjiao Chi 379 law to which the contract is most …” „… Labor and Social Welfare (劳动和社会保障部), Publicity Guideline of the Labor Contract Law of The People’s …” „… the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Oxford 2009. WAN E’xiang (ed.) ( 万鄂湘编著 …”

. Particular Types of Contracts S. 136-172

„… seller.18 When making a payment, the seller needs to do so in accordance with the contract in terms of …” „… parties of the sales contract.33 And the term “first carrier” indicates that if two or more carriers are …” „… sales contract.59 The term “first carrier” indicates that if more than one carrier is engaged in the …”

. Statute of Limitations S. 47-60

„… Invalid Contracts (无效合同诉讼时效问题的论争及处理探讨), Journal of Law Application (法律适用) 2010, No. 10, 50-53. LI Yongfeng …” „… the right to rescind a contract.21 Under art. 55 Contract Law, in …” „… Periods of Limitation. 7 8 Hui Zheng 46 respect of a voidable contract, a party’s right to rescind will …”

. Formation and Validity of Contracts S. 70-86

„… terms of the offer is nevertheless valid and the terms thereof prevail as the terms of the contract …” „… requirement exists with regard to a loan agreement (art. 197 CL), a lease agreement for a term longer than six …” „… 65 Funing Huang Chapter 5. Formation and Validity of Contracts Literature: CUI Jianyuan (崔建远 …”

. Usufructuary Rights S. 314-320

„… contract and its term is 30 years for arable land, 30 to 50 years for grassland and 30 to 70 years for …” „… remains unaffected if during the term of contract, the whole contracting household moves into a small town …” „… substitutes for private ownership of land, the pivotal questions are how long they last, whether they can be …”

. Liability for Breach of Contract S. 111-126

„… circumstance into consideration when the contract was concluded. The terms “unavoidable” and “insurmountable …” „… 106 Funing Huang Chapter 7. Liability for Breach of Contract Literature: CHENG Xiao (程啸), Breach of …” „… Contract and Non-pecuniary Damage (违约与非财产损害赔偿), Civil and Commercial Law View Vol. 25 (民商法论丛第 25 卷) 2002 …”

. Overview S. 176-208

„… interpretations is no longer applicable.26 4. Concurrent Liability If a plaintiff has claims in both contract and …” „… of Chinese Tort Law 1. Concept and Function of Tort Law Like most legal terms, the concept of tort is …” „… the civil law tradition in that tort law is no longer subordinated to the law of obligations, but …”

. Subjects of Civil Relations S. 343-360

„… , though part of Chinese territory, are deemed as foreign in civil relations. Another example is the long …” „… rights is a legal term with a broad meaning. Art. 9 of the GPCL clearly states that a natural person’s …” „… ” system has a long history in China. Essentially, this system fixes a person to a certain place, usually …”

. Special Types of Torts S. 218-260

„… Tort as A Legislation Term (作为立法术语的“环境侵权”之辨析), Journal of Political Science and Law (政法论丛) 2008, No. 2 …” „… persons is deemed and called service relationship (劳务关系). Under the LTL the employee is no longer liable …” „… stipulated in the employment contract. Art. 42 of the “Opinions on the Civil Procedure Law” states that only …”

. Overview S. 326-342

„… 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and many other …” „… in the Contract Law (CL)14; (3) rules dealing with international and foreign-related civil procedural …” „… law in foreign-related civil relations. The term “foreign-related” stands in the center of the LAL …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845266350

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Researches in European Private Law and Beyond

André Janssen (Hrsg.), Hans Schulte-Nölke (Hrsg.)

2020

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Larry A. DiMatteo The Quest for Uniform Laws S. 219-240

„… differences in contract law across legal systems have produced a long and deep comparative law literature and …” „… , traditions, and customs. Those in favor of working towards uniformity take a long-term view of the process of …” „… harmonization is not attainable in the long-term. In the United States, model laws adopted by a minority of …”

Dirk Staudenmayer Towards a European Private Law of the Digital Economy? - Trends S. 65-90

„… interpreting the term ‘contract’ to the extent that the collection of metadata such as information concerning …” „… .) points out correctly, this would apply to contract terms between the vehicle manufacturer and a parts …” „… . microenterprises or SMEs), are likely to be able to avoid standard contract terms and conditions that reflect the …”

Esther Arroyo Amayuelas The Dialogue Between Courts Concerning Directive 93/13 with Special Regard to the Default Interest Terms S. 141-162

„… view and a critical assessment on the role of this dialogue, see Józon, “Unfair contract terms in …” „… standard contract terms, is one that refers to “the legitimate basis” provided by the principle of freedom …” „… themselves to exclude the term from the contract in order that it could not produce binding effects, because …”

Jürgen Basedow Court of Justice ‘light’ – The Procedural Choices of the Court and Their Impact on the Quality of Private Law Decisions – S. 179-192

„… part of his œuvre and is dedicated to him in long-standing professional friendship. It will investigate …” „… argue that they could not implement a directive because the parliamentary term had elapsed or because …” „… Spanish market where neither company had an establishment. Under the contract, the Portuguese company had …”

Edoardo Ferrante The Amended Proposal COM (2017) 637: a ‘New’ European Sales Law? S. 43-64

„… […], Policy Options for Progress Towards a European Contract Law, RZ 2011, p. 420 ff.; Alpa, Towards a …” „… European Contract Law, CeI- Eur. 2012, p. 124. 2 Schulze, Towards a European Business Code?, CeI-Eur. 2016 …” „… Proposal ‘on certain aspects concerning contracts for the online and other dis- II. 3 COM (2011) 635 def …”

Cristina Amato, Elise Poillot Towards a European Culture of Legal Clinics: Transplanting the American Clinical Model S. 383-412

„… legal issues regarding out of premisses contracts and an obligation when it comes about unfair terms …” „… , Turin 2009, p. 2. See the English version: Schulze, The Academic Draft of CFR and the EC Contract Law …” „… , in: Schulze (ed.), Common Frame of Reference and Existing EC Contract Law, Munich 2008. 2 Schulze …”

Barbara Pasa Legal Translation Within the EU and the Shift of National Legal Paradigms S. 193-218

„… [term] in contract law [clausola/clause/término/Bestimmung]. In this case it was about translating the …” „… the EU Belgium, Spain or Ireland). Approximation is the term used also in the Joint Practical Guide of …” „… Enterprise Approximation is a key-term also in the second level of translation, which concerns an extremely …”

H.L.E. Verhagen Towards an Optimal Conflict Rule for Assignment S. 263-282

„… only flourishes in its natural habitat – contract – it has migrated (albeit often in constrained form …” „… Article 12(1) of the Rome Convention (being the law governing the contract between assignor and assignee …” „… . indirect agency), but also within the law of contract itself (e.g. contractual networks) the adage is …”

Geraint Howells Safety Expectations as the Basis of Product Liability S. 91-106

„… contract for ‘articles dangerous in themselves’: see Longmeid v Holliday (1851) 6 Ex 761 and Dominion …” „… preferred the term ‘legitimate expectations’ to ‘entitled expectations’, but seemed comfortable that the …” „… able to show that the impact of discussing the product in terms of its harmful characteristics may well …”

Manuel Angel Bermejo Castrillo Civil Liability in the Criminal Code: a Spanish Peculiarity S. 353-382

„… law and from contracts and quasi-contracts, and on the other – the division created within the …” „… conceptions.30 The most surprising thing is, perhaps, that when the long road to the enactment of the Civil …” „… Bermejo Castrillo 362 delays that the civil codification had been carrying for a long time. While it is …”

Francesco Paolo Patti Machine Learning and European Product Liability S. 107-124

„… Revolution: Challenges for Contract Law in Practice, EuCML 2015, 215 ff. 3 See Micklitz/Pałka, Algorithms in …” „… more problematic. In general terms, even if robots and algorithms are the product of human creation …” „… fulfil the aforementioned requirements. In general terms, it is questionable whether the European product …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845298467

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Insolvenzverrechnung in bilateralen Clearingsystemen

Peter von Hall

Reihe: Schriften zum Insolvenzrecht

Band 43 2011

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Summary S. 294-296

„… guarantee for the liquidity of the contractual partner if the contract isin operation for a longer period of …” „… the terms of clause 1 of the rule,only the initial fair value of the contract is accounted for. In …” „… time. The evaluation of the traded contractsillustrated that with derivative contracts, settlement and …”

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Entscheidungsträger im Internet

Simon Schrör (Hrsg.), Alexandra Keiner (Hrsg.), Ferdinand Müller (Hrsg.), Pablo Schumacher (Hrsg.)

2022

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Christoph König Methode als Machtfaktor revisited: Smart contracts, material justice and pre-eminence S. 131-148

„… for the breaking of promises.8The term smart contract is usually traced back to a 1994 paper by Szabo …” „… where it is defined as a “computerized transaction protocol that executes the terms of a contract.”9 It …” „… are involved. For example, § 305 Abs. 2 Nr. 2 BGB will not allow the rendering of terms of contract in …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748934981

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Protection of Non-Professional Sureties in Europe: Formal and Substantive Disparity

Aurelia Colombi Ciacchi (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Schriftenreihe des Zentrums für Europäische Rechtspolitik der Universität Bremen (ZERP)

Band 49 2007

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Mel Kenny The Uncommon Core of European Suretyship Law S. 361-383

„… to inform of the risks of the suretyship; (4) Unfair Contract Terms’ law: intervention of exemption …” „… standard terms in suretyship contracts can be disregarded.45 The surety’s recourse rights against the …” „… controlled by statute: either under terms of the Unfair Contract Terms Act (UCTA), 1977 or in the provisions …”

Gina Gioia Italy, Portugal and Slovenia S. 215-259

„… Procedure 98/2026, under Article 169 of the Treaty: Unfair Terms in the contracts concluded with consumers …” „… rules on unfair terms in consumer contracts as it is collateral to a contract dealing with the …” „… requirement for the application of legislation on unfair terms in consumer contracts was not met. Scholars …”

Ulrich Drobnig Proposed European Rules on Surety Protection S. 341-360

„… , enforceability and terms of the secured obligation, even if it is no longer available to the debtor due to acts …” „… effective. (4) As long as the debtor is entitled to avoid the contract from which the secured obligation …” „… Principles of European Contract Law (PECL) 341 II. Study Group for a European Civil Code 342 B. General …”

Gerard McCormack England, Scotland and Ireland S. 153-215

„… major long-term sales or construction contracts ... Similar principles for present purposes apply both …” „… contracts of guarantee but it may be a complicated exercise to determine how particular terms of the …” „… discharge the guarantor unless it entails “a not unsubstantial breach of a term of the principal contract …”

Peter Rott Germany and Austria S. 51-103

„… Contract Terms Law 65 V. Alternatives? 65 D. Practical Consequences of German Court Practice 66 I …” „… of the surety.6 Therefore, the rules on suretyship contracts in terms of § 765 BGB apply to such …” „… types of contracts. Only where the rules apply to the suretyship contract alone is the latter term …”

Christoph U. Schmid Private Suretyships as a Socio-Legal Crucible of Modern Civil Law S. 21-43

„… contracts9 extending to the control of unfair terms, and mandatory provisions setting forth certain elements …” „… judicial review of contracts or the elaboration of mandatory contract terms. Contractual and tortious …” „… contrahendo and the restrictive rules on unfair contract terms, door step selling and consumer credit.40 …”

Annina H. Persson The Nordic Countries S. 259-340

„… guarantor’s payment capacity at the time of granting credit and in the long term. The guarantee commitment …” „… guarantor’s payment capacity at the time of granting the credit and in the long term. The guarantee …” „… (unfairness) of a contract and its terms.33 The recent rules for consumer protection based on Council …”

Sophie Vigneron France, Belgium and the Netherlands S. 103-153

„… examined in turn. I. Unfair Terms in Surety Agreements Unfair terms regulations apply to contracts for …” „… imbalance is based on a substantive assessment of the contract. If a term of the contract gives an unfair …” „… where the secured loan is used for the purpose of purchasing a house. In the case of such long-term …”

Walter van Gerven The Social Dimension of European Private Law: How Uniform Should It Be? S. 43-50

„… power than their counterpart.1 As a result, a body of private law, mainly contract law, came into …” „… contract. However important this part of “Europeanised” private law has become, as a body, it lacks …” „… contract law, of equal value as the freedom of contract principle, which could be labelled the “principle …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845205366

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European Contract Law

Reiner Schulze, Fryderyk Zoll

Reihe: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Band 2015

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XVIII

„… Law will not vanish with-out a trace as it will have long-term influence on the features of the …” „… contracts ......................................................e) 185Unfair Contract Terms …” „… consumers inrespect of certain aspects of timeshare, long-term holidayproduct, resale and exchange …”

Chapter 4 Unfair Contract Terms S. 187-212

„… contract on which the contract depends.The lists of prohibited terms do not apply to B–B contracts.As an …” „… Article 3(1) of Council Directive 93/13/EEC of 5April 1993 on unfair terms in consumer contracts?The ECJ …” „… terms in consumer contracts.One can clearly see that the decision is incompatible with Océano. The …”

Chapter 1 Foundations S. 1-32

„… re-spect of certain aspects of timeshare, long-term holiday product, resale andexchange contracts [2009] OJ …” „… estimates that a business must pay an averageof 10,000 euro in order for its contract terms to be amended to …” „… cycle’ of a contract: conclusion, determination of content and rules con-cerning unfair terms …”

Chapter 6 Consequences of Non-performance S. 225-274

„… services; Part H on commercial agency contracts.I. Introduction22745of contract and, furthermore, must …” „… will often refrain from con-cluding cross-border contracts.The European Parliament's Committee on Legal …” „… rightdoes not adopt a uniform approach for all questions in B–C and B–B contracts:in B–B contracts only the …”

Chapter 3 Conclusion and Content of Contracts S. 111-186

„… consumer contracts.Article 69 CESL-DContract terms derived from certain pre-contractual statements(1) Where …” „… contract terms, it will be deemed arejection and a new offer (art 38(1) CESL-D). This principle is adopted …” „… changes or ad-ditional contract terms refer to particular aspects (such as the price, payment,quality and …”

Chapter 2 Core Elements S. 33-110

„… in the Directive's list of definitions: ‘long-term holiday product con-tract’ (art 2(1)(b)), ‘resale …” „… to contract terms.37 Thefocus on the parties' legitimate expectations is served by the provisions …” „… changes to the tradi-tional notion of contract. The conclusion of contract can no longer be …”

Chapter 8 Outlook S. 285-296

„… – atleast in the long term – offer the chance to bring together the experiences andapproaches with the …” „… , 2 16, 3 9, 4 8Acquis Principles 1 3– conclusion of contract 2 14 ff, 3 21– control of terms 4 8 …” „… – conformity 2 119– contract terms 2 88 ff– DCFR 2 80– mandatory law 2 83 ff– right of withdrawal 3 149 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845265100

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