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Knowledge Organization at the Interface

International Society for Knowledge Organziation (ISKO) (Hrsg.), Marianne Lykke (Hrsg.), Tanja Svarre (Hrsg.), Mette Skov (Hrsg.), Daniel Martínez-Ávila (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Advances in Knowledge Organization

Band 17 2020

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Inger Beate Nylund Using the Concept of Warrant in Designing Metadata for Enterprise Search S. 328-337

„… use the concept of warrant when designing metadata for enterprise search. The paper combines the …” „… study is concerned with the design of metadata for enterprise search, and how the concept of warrant is …” „… the design of metadata or KOS for enterprise search the concept of warrant (Beghtol 1986) is useful …”

Brigita Perchutkaite, Marianne Lykke Facilitating University–Industry Interaction by Visually Showcasing Researcher Profiles Via Metadata S. 364-373

„… perspectives of large enterprises deserve special attention because such enterprises play a critical role in …” „… industry and the lack of knowledge in academia about large enterprises led us to formulate the following …” „… research questions: RQ1: What challenges do large enterprises face in terms of UII? RQ2: How can we …”

Antoine Henry, Widad Mustafa El Hadi The Use of Community to Organize Knowledge: The Case of an Energy Company S. 181-189

„… 2015; Fujita and Pinheiro 2016). The concept of interface can be viewed as a user interface in order …” „… concept of KO is mostly about the use of knowledge organization systems (e.g., classification, thesauri …” „… . “Organisational Knowledge Management Systems in the Era of Enterprise 2.0: The Case of Organik.” In: CEUR …”

Luís Machado, Graça Simões, Claudio Gnoli, Renato Souza Can an Ontologically-Oriented KO Do Without Concepts? S. 502-506

„… Ontologically-Oriented KO Do Without Concepts? Abstract: The ontological approach in the development of KOS is an …” „… concepts is considered instrumental, although in the ILC they constitute the intersubjective component of …” „… area of study, ontology focuses on how reality is constituted and structured using concepts. However …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… : Using the Concept of Warrant in Designing Metadata for Enterprise Search 328 Lucia Maria Velloso de …” „… : Devising a Concept of User for Archival Science: An Analysis of the Brazilian Scientific Literature 546 …” „… Knowledge Organization at the Interface Proceedings of the Sixteenth International ISKO Conference, 2020 …”

Subject Index S. 575-579

„… , 54, 57, 58, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206 Basic Concepts Classification, 405, 421, 423, 427 …” „… Community members, 210 Complex subjects, 66 Concept, 17, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 69, 260, 261, 301, 308 …” „… , 522, 525, 546, 572 Concept theory, 465, 466 Concepts, 38, 39, 40, 58, 65, 68, 118, 121, 131, 132 …”

Rick Szostak, Richard P. Smiraglia, Andrea Scharnhorst, Ronald Siebes, Aida Slavic, Daniel Martínez-Ávila, Tobias Renwick Classifications as Linked Open Data: Challenges and Opportunities S. 436-445

„… constraints of copyright protection. The Basic Concepts Classification (BCC) is a new classification with a …” „… effective syndetic routing among concepts. This objective was the core research question of the “Digging …” „… phenomena. Documents (objects, ideas, concepts) can be expressed with combinations of phenomena, relators …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783956507762

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zfwu Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik

Alle Ausgaben: zfwu Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik

zfwu Jahrgang 15 (2014) Heft 1 ISSN Online: 1862-0043

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Stefanie Mauksch More than “Buzz” – About the Promise and Practice of Social Entre- preneurship S. 148-153

„… enterprises. The concept seems to be moving out of its start-up phase into early maturity as a practical and …” „… the concept of social enterprise and its future development, how local social entrepreneurs …” „… drawing-board concepts of social enterprise. The first two studies presented in this thesis shed light on the …”

doi.org/10.5771/1439-880X-2014-1

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CETA Investment Law

Marc Bungenberg (Hrsg.), August Reinisch (Hrsg.)

2022

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Céline Lévesque Article 8.16 Denial of benefits S. 395-416

„… circumstances, that of enterprise:investor means a Party, a natural person or an enterprise of a Party, other …” „… other Party that isan enterprise of that Party and to investments of that investor if:(a) an investor of …” „… benefits of this Chapter were accorded to the enterprise or toits investments.Annex 8-E – Joint …”

Irmgard Marboe Article 8.39 Final award S. 826-855

„… providethat the sum be paid to the locally established enterprise;(b) an award of restitution of property …” „… shall provide that restitution be made tothe locally established enterprise;(c) an award of costs in …” „… provide that restitution be made to the enterprise;(b) an award of monetary damages and any applicable …”

Lori Di Pierdomenico Article 8.15 Reservations and exceptions S. 374-394

„… “procurement by a Party or a state enterprise”,in its context and in the light of NAFTA’s object and purpose …” „… Purchase Agreement], the state enterprise(BC Hydro) is acting as the buyer of the goods or services at …” „… , which expressly links the Reservations and Exceptions Articleto the concept of the Party’s ‘right to …”

Marc Bungenberg, Angshuman Hazarika Article 8.1 Definitions S. 43-113

„… include:(a) an enterprise;(b) shares, stocks and other forms of equity participation in an enterprise;(c …” „… ) bonds, debentures and other debt instruments of an enterprise;(d) a loan to an enterprise;(e) any other …” „… enterprise;ground handling services means the supply of a service on a fee or contract basisfor: ground …”

Markus Burgstaller Article 8.22 Procedural and other requirements for the submission of a claim to the Tribunal S. 534-542

„… apply inrespect of a locally established enterprise if the respondent or the investor’s hoststate has …” „… deprived the investor of control of the locally established enterprise, orhas otherwise prevented the …” „… locally established enterprise from fulfilling thoserequirements.4. Upon request of the respondent, the …”

Markus Burgstaller Article 8.23 Submission of a claim to the Tribunal S. 543-552

„… ; or(b) an investor of a Party, on behalf of a locally established enterprise which itowns or controls …” „… investment arbitration for small and medi-um-sized enterprises.Following the European Parliament’s …” „… enforced under the NewYork Convention.35III. Small and Medium-Sized EnterprisesWhile CETA contemplates by …”

Ursula Kriebaum Article 8.12 Expropriation S. 297-336

„… , ‘The Concept of Indirect Expropriation in Com-parative Public Law – Searching for Light in the Dark’ in …” „… ) 18 ICSID Rev.,1; Christoph Schreuer and Ursula Kriebaum, ‘The Concept of Property in Human Rights Law …” „… , ‘The Concept of Property in Human Rights Law and International Invest-ment Law’ in Breitenmoser, et al …”

Armand de Mestral, Lukas Vanhonnaeker Article 8.4 Market access S. 159-174

„… ) imposes limitations on:(i) the number of enterprises that may carry out a specific economic ac-tivity …” „… requiring that a certain percentage of the shareholders, owners,partners, or directors of an enterprise be …” „… such this Article uses concepts that can be applied ina variety of contexts covering both the pre- and …”

Marc Bungenberg, August Reinisch An Overview of the CETA – Investment Chapter (Chapter 8) S. 1-42

„… An Overview of the CETA – Investment Chapter (Chapter 8)Bibliography: Aurélia Antonietti, ‘The 2006 …” „… Magazine, 16.02.2017; Freya Baetens, ‘Discrimi-nation on the Basis of Nationality: Determining Likeness in …” „… ), 339; AndreaBjorklund, ‘National Treatment’ in August Reinisch (ed), Standards of Investment Protection …”

Marc Bungenberg, August Reinisch Article 8.29 Establishment of a multilateral investment tribunal and appellate mechanism S. 633-653

„… Appointment of InternationalAdjuducators: Structural Options for ISDS Reform’, Academic Forum on ISDS Concept …” „… Galindo, David Attanasio and Ana MaríaDurán, ‘The New York Convention’s Concept of Arbitration and the …” „… (ed), Strengthening the Rule of Law inEurope: from a Common Concept to Mechanisms of Implementation …”

Johannes Tropper Article 8.6 National treatment S. 194-215

„… )/99/1, Award (16 December2002), para. 181: ‘It is clear that the concept of national treatment as …” „… : and],acquisition [EU: of an enterprise], [CAN: expansion], conduct, operation, management, maintenance,use …” „… : and],acquisition [EU: of an enterprise], [CAN: expansion], conduct, operation, management, maintenance,use …”

Marc Bungenberg, Angshuman Hazarika, Afolabi Adekemi Article 8.2 Scope S. 114-146

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42b) An Enterprise of a Party …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48aa) Enterprise Constituted under the Laws of a Party(corporate nationality …” „… Indirectly Owned or Controlled by a Natural Personor an Enterprise of a Party …”

Julian Scheu Article 8.31 Applicable law and interpretation S. 704-737

„… ); Patrick Dumberry, ‘TheEmergence of the Concept of ‘General Principle of International Law’ in Investment …” „… concession conferred pursuantto the law of a Party’ and ‘an enterprise of a Party is: (a) an enterprise that …” „… . Identifying the distinctive elements of these legal concepts is animportant precondition to decipher the …”

Patrick Dumberry Article 8.10 Treatment of investors and of covered investments S. 256-276

„… Fascinating Story of the Emergence, the Declineand the Recent Resurrection of a Concept’, in Luca Pasquet …” „… covered investments. The concepts of ‘fair and equitable treatment’ and ‘fullprotection and security’ do …” „… concept of the MST. As such, theomission of a reference to the MST should not be interpreted as a possible …”

Richard Happ Article 8.35 Discontinuance S. 779-786

„… , ‘investor’ is defined in Article 8.1 CETA (Definitions) as a ‘Party, anatural person or an enterprise of a …” „… Article 8.35DiscontinuanceIf, following the submission of a claim under this Section, the investor …” „… proceeding. The Tribunal shall, at the request of therespondent, and after notice to the disputing parties …”

Marc Bungenberg, Andrés E. Alvarado Garzón Article 8.17 Formal requirements S. 417-433

„… Policy Brief, 1; AndreaBianchi, ‘On Power and Illusion: The Concept of Transparency in International Law …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9I. Scope of Application: ‘Routine Information’ as an Undefined Concept . . . 91. Why ‘Routine …” „… . CommentaryI. Scope of Application: ‘Routine Information’ as anUndefined ConceptThe scope of application of …”

Lars Markert Article 8.25 Consent to the settlement of the dispute by the Tribunal S. 566-583

„… jurisdiction if the investor or, asapplicable, the locally established enterprise fails to fulfil any of the …” „… the report the concept of IIA as a basis for ISDS was unknown,the principle of a staggered consent was …” „… York Convention.44Like the ICSID Convention, the New York Convention accepts the concept of a‘staggered …”

Stephan Hobe, Julian Scheu Article 8.24 Proceedings under another international agreement S. 553-565

„… Other EU Treaties: Article 3.34.8 EU-Viet-nam Investment Protection Agreement (draft); Article 8 of …” „… Zarra, ‘Reforming Share-holder Claims in ISDS’, 9 Academic Forum on ISDS Concept Paper (PluriCourts …” „… , Oslo 2019); LaurenceBoisson de Chazournes, ‘Plurality in the Fabric of International Courts and …”

Herman Verbist Article 8.20 Mediation S. 485-519

„… (c).3. The mediator is appointed by agreement of the disputing parties. The disputingparties may also …” „… request that the Secretary General of ICSID appoint the media-tor.4. The disputing parties shall endeavour …” „… to reach a resolution of the dispute within60 days from the appointment of the mediator.5. If the …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748902133

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Das Eingreifkriterium in der europäischen Fusionskontrolle

Tim Kaufhold

Reihe: Lausanner Studien zur Rechtswissenschaft

Band 7 2007

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Literaturverzeichnis S. 219-242

„… Causality: Doctrine and Practice in Europe of Two Closely Related Concepts, E.C.L.R. 2004, S. 11-24. Bain …” „… /library/lib-competition/doc/non_horizontal _ mergers.pdf. Bishop, Simon, Walker, Mark: The Economics of EC Competition Law: Concepts, Application and …” „… Concept of Workable Competition, 30 AER (1940), S. 241-256. Coase, Ronald H.: The nature of the firm, 4 …”

Das neoklassische Modell der vollständigen Konkurrenz S. 24-27

„… wird, hat es weiterhin Einfluss auf die industrie- 43 Clark, Toward a Concept of Workable Competition …” „… sociale. 30 Vgl. Marshall, Principles of Economics. 31 I. Schmidt, Wettbewerbspolitik und Kartellrecht …” „… verwendet. 37 Vgl. Young/Metcalfe, in: Artis/Lee, The Economics of the European Union, S. 121 ff.; Neumann …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845203133

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International Investment Law

Marc Bungenberg (Hrsg.), Jörn Griebel (Hrsg.), Stephan Hobe (Hrsg.), August Reinisch (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Band 2015

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Karsten Nowrot Chapter 10: Obligations of Investors S. 1154-1185

„… Enterprises, 2011, 67 et seq.101 See para. 11 of the Concept and Principles of the OECD Guidelines and para. I …” „… of corpo-rate social responsibility’.93A. OECD Guidelines for Multinational EnterprisesAlready for …” „… Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning MultinationalEnterprises and Social Policy …”

Jan Asmus Bischoff, Richard Happ A. The Notion of Investment S. 495-544

„… investment means:(a) an enterprise;(b) an equity security of an enterprise;(c) a debt security of an …” „… maturity, of a state enterprise;(d) a loan to an enterprise(i) where the enterprise is an affiliate of the …” „… enterprise(i) where the enterprise is an affiliate of the investor, or(ii) where the original maturity of the …”

Joachim Karl F. The Negotiations on the OECD Multilateral Agreement on Investment S. 342-360

„… ForceAccessionNon-ApplicabilityReviewAmendmentRevisions to the OECD Guidelines for Multinational EnterprisesWithdrawalDepositaryStatus of AnnexesAuthentic …” „… ’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21b) Concept and Degree of Investment Liberalisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23c) The REIO …” „… existing OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enter-prises instead of negotiating something new. Remarkably …”

Gabriel Bottini, Veronica Lavista, Mariana Lozza E. MERCOSUR and CAFTA S. 326-341

„… the enterprise(Art. 10.12.2). On denial of benefits clauses see Rachel Thorn and Jennifer Doucleff …” „… : Testing Treaty Language andthe Concept of “Investor”’ in Michael Waibel, Asha Kaushal, Kyo-Hwa Chung and …” „… . 10.12.1). Such denial of benefits may alsobe applicable to an enterprise that in principle would be a …”

Index S. 1913-1952

„… en-terprises Chapter 11 VII 68– sovereign immunity Chapter 11 VII 7– standard of review Chapter 11 VII 33 …” „… 87– protection of confidenceChapter 8 I 123– public law concept Chapter 8 I 169– reasonable …” „… – concept of non-discriminationChapter 13 VIII 17– content Chapter 13 VIII 4– denial of justice …”

Morris Besch II. Typical Questions Arising within Negotiations S. 93-152

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351. The Concept of Stabilisation …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765. Stabilisation Clauses in State Contracts with State Enterprises . . . . . 776. Validity of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1151. The Concept of Dynamic and Flexible Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Morris …”

August Reinisch IV. The Likely Content of Future EU Investment Agreements S. 1884-1903

„… in-vestments with respect to the establishment [EU: and], acquisition [EU: of an enterprise],[CAN: expansion …” „… serves to obtain a controlling interest in an enterprise […].The consequence of this would be that …” „… contracts for thesale of goods or services by a natural person or enterprise in the territory of a Party to …”

Marc Bungenberg, Stephan Hobe II. The Relationship of International Investment Law and European Union Law S. 1602-1628

„… clear that it requires the elimination of any difference in the treatmentof enterprises/investors …” „… The Court of Justice fullysupported this view of the Commission.128 This concept of a hypothetical …” „… Bungenberg/Stephan Hobe 162759606162and applied the concept of hypothetical incompatibility. Also the Court of …”

Sabine Konrad C. Protection for Non-Profit Organisations S. 555-565

„… );Emmanuel Gaillard, ‘Identify or Define? Reflections on the Evolution of the Concept of In-vestment in ICSID …” „… .a)vention. See Emmanuel Gaillard, ‘Identify or Define? Reflections on the Evolution of theConcept of …” „… 2012 US Model BIT also expressly defines ‘enterprise’to include an ‘entity (…) whether or not for …”

Richard E. (Rory) Walck II. Methods of Valuing Losses S. 1045-1056

„… reached.3This section will introduce concepts for the valuation of losses that may beapplied in …” „… concepts.B. Valuing the Entire CompanyThere are three broad categories of valuation methods commonly used by …” „… latter being reflected in theability of the enterprise to generate cash flows from putting those tangible …”

Ulrich Klemm III. Financing of Foreign Direct Investment by Development Finance InstitutionsThis contribution is current as of July 2012. S. 1569-1584

„… sector.Another salient point is that DFI loans follow the basic concept of project fi-nance. This means that the …” „… that the concept of additionality as it has been put forth by IFC is alwaysdifficult to measure.FMO …” „… concept is given in the joint report of 31DFIs.32E. LimitationsEligible CountriesIt is self-evident that …”

Noah Rubins, Ben Love I. Ratione Temporis S. 481-494

„… delineating basic temporal concepts. Some decisionshave distinguished between the temporal application of an …” „… ) para. 394.29 Yukos Universal Limited (Isle of Man) v. Russia (n. 27) para. 388; Hulley Enterprises Ltd …” „… international law,’45 it is generallyaccepted that international law does not formally contemplate concepts of …”

August Reinisch IV. Most Favoured Nation Treatment S. 807-845

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7C. The Functioning and Basic Concepts of MFN Clauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101. The …” „… Concept of MFN Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 …” „… Concepts of MFN ClausesInternational jurisprudence on MFN issues has been rather limited in the past.The …”

Catharine Titi IX. International Investment Law and Good Governance S. 1768-1783

„… stability of the investment relationship.17 These concepts are essential inbuttressing the system’s …” „… by governments tomultinational enterprises’ to ensure responsible business contact of …” „… Multinational Enterpris-es’.71 By the same token, while creating only ‘soft’ obligations, some of …”

Irmgard Marboe III. Valuation in Cases of Expropriation S. 1057-1081

„… Economic Value of Expro-priated Enterprises, (1990) 7 J. Int’l Arb. 37, 47; idem, ‘Determining the Economic …” „… asset became publicly known.61The ‘value’ of the investment is the central concept in existing treaties …” „… just to the value of its enterprise as of (...) the date of expropria-tion, but also to any greater …”

Sabine Konrad B. Protection of Investments Owned by States S. 545-554

„… ‘investor’ as ‘aParty or state enterprise thereof’. The definition of ‘enterprise’, in turn, is alsobroad …” „… employed in Article 25 and,hence, the concept of “national,” was not intended to be limited to …” „… B. Protection of Investments Owned by StatesSabine Konrad*1. Introduction …”

Marc Jacob, Stephan W. Schill I. Fair and Equitable Treatment: Content, Practice, Method S. 700-763

„… : Understanding the Roots and the Limits of a Controver-sial Concept’ (2013) 28 ICSID Rev.–FILJ 88–122; Andrea …” „… . IntroductionFair and equitable treatment (FET) has emerged as the core substantive con-cept of international …” „… concept ofFET.22 The red thread of what follows is that the precise treaty formulation is anintegral …”

Jorge E. Viñuales VII. Investment Law and Sustainable Development: The Environment breaks into Investment Disputes S. 1714-1738

„… ‘sus-tainable development’ but it entertains an ambiguous relationship with the othercomponent of this concept …” „… environmental law deploys an informal influence by changingthe interpretation of certain concepts. Here, I will …” „… briefly discuss three of them:89(1.) the police powers doctrine; (2.) the concept of ‘likeness’ in …”

Stephan Hobe I. The Development of the Law of Aliens and the Emergence of General Principles of Protection under Public International Law Stephan HobeThe Development of the Law of Aliens S. 6-22

„… Treatment in Arbitral Practice’ (2005) 6 JWIT 357–386;Christoph Schreuer, ‘The Concept of Expropriation …” „… non-discrimination turns out to be one key concept inherent inthe concept of fair and equitable treatment which is …” „… International Law (Cambridge UniversityPress, 2011) 163 et seq., on the importance of a relative concept of …”

Kaj Hobér, Joshua Fellenbaum I. Political Risk Insurance and Investment Treaty Protection S. 1517-1551

„… probability of disruption ofthe operations of multinational enterprises by political forces or events …” „… foreign enterprise in Venezuela.78 Pursuant to Section 2.01 of the relevant in-surance contracts, the …” „… is unable legally to convert local currency (...) held by or forthe account of the foreign enterprise …”

Michael Hahn I. WTO Rules and Obligations Related to Investment S. 653-670

„… promote co-operation between national and foreign enterprises or investorsfor the purpose of fostering …” „… purchase or use by an enterprise of products of domestic origin or from any domesticsource, whether …” „… proportion of volume or value of its local production; or(b) that an enterprise’s purchases or use of …”

Ursula Kriebaum VIII. Expropriation S. 959-1030

„… ClaimsTribunal’ (1988) 19 NYIL 53–178; Markus Perkams, ‘The Concept of Indirect Expropriationin Comparative …” „… ICSID Rev.–FILJ 1–43;Christoph Schreuer and Ursula Kriebaum, ‘The Concept of Property in Human Rights …” „… (NAFTA).17 It is these definitions of invest-12 Christoph Schreuer and Ursula Kriebaum, ‘The Concept of …”

Ralph Alexander Lorz, Manuel Busch E. Investment in Accordance with the Law – Specifically Corruption S. 577-589

„… . Philippines,24 the investor had tried to circumvent the rules oncontrol of certain enterprises by foreign …” „… themselves in an enterprise of the present nature must realise that they haveforfeited any right to ask for …” „… law only recognised the form of ‘subsidiary enterprise’ (para. 83); the tribunal re-sponded that ‘to …”

Vivienne Bath, Luke Nottage C. The ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement and ‘ASEAN Plus’ – The Australia–New Zealand Free Trade Area (AANZFTA) and the PRC–ASEAN Investment Agreement S. 283-303

„… home State(subject to certain limitations regarding misrepresentation).35 (The concept of‘ownership’ is …” „… determined according to the laws of ‘each Member State,’ whilethe concept of control is defined in ACIA (Art …” „… ; and they supplement the concept of ‘the character of thegovernment action’ which is significant in …”

Catherine Kessedjian III. Where Public meets Private: a Few Thoughts on Investment Law and Arbitration S. 1879-1883

„… and other business enterprise.10 See for example the preamble of the 2012 US Model BIT.11 Available at …” „… tour d’horizon would offer useful background analyticaltools. One of the broader topics whose …” „… examination could help better understandthe evolution of investment law is the so-called legitimacy crisis …”

Marc Bungenberg, Manjiao Chi C. Chinese Investment Law S. 221-239

„… enterprises, and is composed of several majorlaws and a large number of regulations, dealing with a broad …” „… enterprises through the creation of ‘globalchampions’ and securing future energy and raw materials supplies.68 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. Instruments of Investment Promotion and Protection: AnOverview …”

August Reinisch V. National Treatment S. 846-869

„… to favour their own investors to the detriment of foreign ones.5Although the basic concept of …” „… nationals or enterprises within the framework of ac-tivities carried out under national development …” „… the concepts of ‘economic sec-tor’ and ‘business sector’.35It then concluded that S. D. Myers was in …”

Irmgard Marboe V. Valuation in Cases of Breach of Contract S. 1103-1114

„… application of the concepts of damnum emergens and lu-crum cessans on long-term investment contracts may lead …” „… concept by another one which is also well-known in the history ofcontract law, namely that of ‘reliance …” „… undertaken and profits lost in the case of abreach of contract can also be represented by the concepts of …”

Jörn Griebel D. The New EU Investment Policy Approach S. 304-325

„… based on a concept by the Commission61 that was in-spired by the concept of the NAFTA Free Trade …” „… standard text which reflects this concept as a possiblepart of an international agreement. Accordingly it …” „… general international law regardingthe exercise of diplomatic protection, this concept is for good reasons …”

Markus Perkams B. Protection for Legal Persons S. 638-652

„… enterprises. Art. 1(b) of the Argentina–USA IIAprotects for example ‘(…) any kind of corporation, company …” „… concept of in-ternational investment (…) and it is therefore for each ICSID tribunal to determine …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43. The Definition of Corporate Nationality …”

Giorgio Sacerdoti, Matilde Recanati XIII. Approaches to Investment Protection outside of Specific International Investment Agreements and Investor-State Settlement S. 1839-1862

„… enterprises(but also of non-profit organisations), as well as guarantees against interferencesand takings carried …” „… XIII. Approaches to Investment Protection outside of Specific InternationalInvestment Agreements …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1B. The Resort to Establishment Treaties: the Italy–Switzerland Dispute of1990–1992 …”

Stephan W. Schill XII. Multilateralization: An Ordering Paradigm for International Investment Law S. 1817-1838

„… Relevance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32. The Concept of Multilateralization …” „… based onbilateral treaties, thus constituting an expression of multilateralism.The Concept of …” „… investment law on the basis of bi-lateralism rather than multilateralism.The concept of multilateralization …”

Michael Waibel II. Investment Arbitration: Jurisdiction and Admissibility S. 1212-1287

„… Without a Difference? An Examination of the Concepts of Admissi-bility and Jurisdiction in Salini v …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Jurisdiction: The Consent-Based Mandate of Investment Tri-bunals …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72. Admissibility: The Conditions for the Exercise of Jurisdiction . . . . . 143. The Distinction …”

Pierre-Marie Dupuy, Jorge E. Viñuales VIII. Human Rights and Investment Disciplines: Integration in Progress S. 1739-1767

„… of property is at the core ofany foreign investment scheme,4 and this concept was recognised as a …” „… reinforcing the fashionable and catch-all concept of ‘fragmenta-tion’. The present chapter will assess the …” „… particular to the concept of acquired rights.16In other terms, the history of modern international law shows …”

Andreas R. Ziegler X. Investment Law in Conflict with WTO Law? S. 1784-1801

„… parallel structure of RTAs. The key concepts normal-ly associated with this development may be summarised …” „… concepts of discrimination underlying the WTO and IIAs may be of relevance;see on this issue Nicholas …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7C. Plethora of Treaties Relating to International Economic Law . . . . . . . . . . . 9D …”

August Reinisch II. The Interpretation of International Investment Agreements S. 372-410

„… of abstract concepts, ranging from the definitions of ‘investment’ or‘investor’ to substantive …” „… international law concepts (any third treaties)in interpreting national treatment.29A particular strand of the …” „… the expression“fair and equitable treatment” does not clarify the meaning of the concept. “Fair and …”

Stefan Kröll VII. Enforcement of Awards S. 1482-1504

„… excessively narrow interpretation of the concept, courts may refusethe enforcement of investment awards unless …” „… VII. Enforcement of AwardsStefan KröllA. Introduction …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1B. The Different Stages of the Enforcement Process …”

Anthony Sinclair VII. Umbrella Clause S. 887-958

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. Other Similar Provisions That are Not Umbrella Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . 4B. Overview of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92. Continuing Divisions in Arbitral Practice on the Effect of theUmbrella Clause …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24a) Decisions Confirming the Effect of Umbrella Clauses . . . . . . . . . . . 25b) Decisions …”

Andrew Newcombe B. The Americas S. 202-220

„… minimum standard of treatment ofaliens and explicitly state that: ‘concepts of “fair and equitable …” „… include clarifying the application of BIT obliga-tions to State enterprises;95 a new provision on …” „… Investment Agreements (Oxford Uni-versity Press, 2009); Kenneth J. Vandevelde, ‘A Comparison of the 2004 and …”

Ralph Alexander Lorz II. Protection and Security (Including the NAFTA Approach) S. 764-789

„… beyond doubt that the concept of ‘protection and security’ asembodied in so many investment treaties12 is …” „… treatment of aliens: ‘The con-cept(s) of (…) “full protection and security” do[es] not require treatment in …” „… .2. The concepts of ‘fair and equitable treatment’ and ‘full protection and security’ do not …”

Marc Bungenberg, Catharine Titi VIII. Precedents in International Investment Law S. 1505-1516

„… , and in some respects identical.’27The concept of jurisprudence constante, as opposed to a system of …” „… success potential ofsuch an enterprise is also in question.70The absence of alternatives should not …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. Relevance of Earlier Awards in General and Development of aJurisprudence Constante …”

Chester Brown I. The Evolution of the Regime of International Investment Agreements: History, Economics and Politics S. 153-185

„… Chapter 4: International Investment Agreements – History,Approaches, SchoolsI. The Evolution of …” „… the Regime of International Investment Agreements:History, Economics and PoliticsChester BrownA …” „… Customary International Law of InvestmentProtection …”

Christina Binder IV. Circumstances Precluding Wrongfulness S. 442-480

„… of itscontroversial nature ‘the concept of “state of necessity” is far too deeply rootedin the …” „… domestic legal systems since an-tiquity. While for long, the concepts of force majeure and necessity were …” „… expressed in the context of force majeure, this other concept re-quires, under Article 23 of the Articles on …”

Jean-Christophe Honlet, Barton Legum, Anna Crevon A. ICSID Annulment S. 1431-1459

„… Soufraki (n. 20) para. 37. See also Duke Energy (n. 48) para. 96 (‘The concept of the “powers”of a tribunal …” „… , 52(1), the concept of ‘failure to statereasons’ is not qualified by terms such as ‘manifest’ or …” „… , Barton Legum and Anna Crevon1. The Nature of ICSID Annulment …”

Lucy F. Reed, Jonathan E. Davis A. Who is a Protected Investor? S. 614-637

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7a) The Scope of Protection of Natural Persons under Interna-tional Investment Agreements …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21(2) The Doctrine of ‘Real and Effective Nationality’ . . . . . . . . . . . . 25(a) Effective …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Literature: Chittharanjan F. Amerasinghe, ‘The Jurisdiction of the International Centre forthe …”

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