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Der Fair and Equitable Treatment Standard in internationalen Investitionsschutzabkommen

Andrea Schernbeck

Reihe: Studien zum Internationalen Investitionsrecht

Band 6 2013

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Einzelne in der Schiedsrechtsprechung anerkannte Verfahrensrechte S. 85-88

„… 2011, 81 f. sowie Waste Management v. Mexico, Award, 30.4.2004, Rn. 98; Thunderbird v. Mexico, Award …” „… , 26.6.2006,Rn. 200; Siag&Vecchi v. Egypt, Award, 11.5.2009, Rn. 455. In diesem Sinne auch Schill,in: IILJ …” „… against Decree669/01 show[s] lack of transparency of Argentina in respect of the investment,(…)“.253 Das …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845244440

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International Investment Law

Marc Bungenberg (Hrsg.), Jörn Griebel (Hrsg.), Stephan Hobe (Hrsg.), August Reinisch (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Band 2015

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Patrick Dumberry VII. Moral Damages S. 1130-1141

„… army/policeforces.7 The award marks the very first time, and thus far the only instance,where compensation was …” „… tribunal may award compensation for moral damages.8Finally, the cases of Europe Cement9 and Cementownia10 …” „… , ICSID Case No. ARB/05/17, Award, 6 February 2008.6 Id., paras. 179, 286.7 Id., para. 290.8 Joseph …”

Stephan Wittich II. State Responsibility S. 23-45

„… – and the law of State responsibility as distinct sections.This clearly shows that already at this …” „… Rapporteur.54As its whole history shows, the topic of State responsibility still was anythingbut …” „… arbitral awards.62Given the overall effectiveness of investor-State arbitration, cases involvingdisputes …”

Stephan W. Schill XII. Multilateralization: An Ordering Paradigm for International Investment Law S. 1817-1838

„… have difficulties2.44 See Renta 4 S.V.S.A et al. v. Russia, SCC Case No. 24/2007, Award on Preliminary …” „… Mobil Telekomikasyon Hizmetleri A.S. v.Kazakhstan, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/16, Award, 29 July 2008, paras …” „… planning shows above all that ordering international investment rela-tions on a truly bilateral basis with …”

Irmgard Marboe IV. Valuation in Cases of Breaches of International Law Unrelated to Expropriation S. 1082-1102

„… damage suffered by the investor should be6 National Grid P.L.C. v. Argentina, UNCITRAL, Award, 3 November …” „… /04/19, Award, 18 August 2008, paras. 467–468; BG Group plc. v. Argentina, UNCITRAL,Award, 24 December …” „… , ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/04/05, Award, 21 November2007, paras. 275, 280–281; Joseph Charles Lemire v …”

Markus Perkams B. Protection for Legal Persons S. 638-652

„… Pey Casado and President Allende Foundation v.Chile, ICSID Case No. ARB/98/2, Award, 22 April 2008 …” „… Telekom AS and Telsim Mobil Telekomikasyon Hizmetleri AS v. Kazakhstan,ICSID Case No. ARB/05/16, Award, 21 …” „… , Award on Preliminary Objections,20 March 2009, para. 121 et seq., para. 127.9 Separate Opinion of …”

Marc Bungenberg, Catharine Titi VIII. Precedents in International Investment Law S. 1505-1516

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1B. Precedents in Investment Awards …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22. Relevance of Earlier Awards in General and Development of aJurisprudence Constante …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43. Non-Binding Arbitral Reasoning/‘Precedents’ in ConflictingAwards …”

Irmgard Marboe V. Valuation in Cases of Breach of Contract S. 1103-1114

„… Arbitration’ (2007) 22 ICSID Rev.–FILJ 1–23; LouisWells, ‘Double Dipping in Arbitration Awards? An Economist …” „… national contract laws8 and international codification initiatives9 shows that,4 Sapphire International …” „… Petroleums Ltd. v. National Iranian Oil Company, Award, 15 March1963, (1967) 35 ILR 136, 186.5 Sapphire v …”

André von Walter I. Investor-State Contracts in the Context of International Investment Law S. 80-92

„… , can be traced back asfar as the beginning of the 16th century1 and arbitral awards rendered …” „… ., the award rendered on 6 July 1864 by emperor Napoléon III between M. de Lessepsand the Vice-King of …” „… exchanges and State-to-State dispute settlement proce-dures shows indeed that the non-respect of contracts …”

Pierre-Marie Dupuy, Jorge E. Viñuales VIII. Human Rights and Investment Disciplines: Integration in Progress S. 1739-1767

„… funda-2 See e.g. Antoine Biloune v. Ghana Investment Centre, UNCITRAL, Award on Jurisdiction …” „… Six Nations, Ltd. et al. v. USA, UNCITRAL (NAFTA),Award, 12 January 2011, paras. 66–67, 71, 190.3 See …” „… , ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/07/1,Award, 4 August 2010 (the case was discontinued so the tribunal did not …”

Christina Knahr F. The Territorial Nexus between an Investment and the Host State S. 590-597

„… provide an overview of1.1 Bayview Irrigation District et al. v. Mexico, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/05/1, Award …” „… Trade v. United States, (NAFTA/UNCITRAL), Award on Juris-diction, 28 January 2008, available at …” „… carried out abroad. (…) Indeed, experience shows that in contracts ofthis kind the initial expenditures …”

Marc Jacob, Stephan W. Schill I. Fair and Equitable Treatment: Content, Practice, Method S. 700-763

„… , Award, 18 May 2010, para. 125. Another alternative would be an argu-ment to the effect that FET is part …” „… v. Czech Republic,UNCITRAL, Partial Award, 17 March 2006, para. 284; MCI Power Group LC and New …” „… Tur-bine Inc v. Ecuador, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/6, Award, 31 July 2007, para. 370; see also OilPlatforms …”

Markus Krajewski III. Investment Law and Public Services S. 1629-1643

„… ; Markus Krajewski (n. 13) 104–106.20 Impregilo S.p.A. v. Argentina, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/17, Award, 21 …” „… . Tanzania, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/22, Award,24 July 2008 (on water distribution); CMS Gas Transmission …” „… Company v. Argentina, ICSIDCase No. ARB/01/8, Award, 12 May 2005 (on gas distribution); AES Summit …”

Lars Markert, Helene Bubrowski B. National Setting Aside Proceedings in Investment Arbitration S. 1460-1481

„… courts with re-spect to investment arbitral awards shows that in order to bring a successfulchallenge, a …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5b) Lack of Notice to a Party or Other Inability to present the Case 9c) Inclusion in the Award of …” „… Review Regarding Investment Arbitration Awards. . 22b) Full or Partial Waiver Regarding Setting Aside …”

Achim-R. Börner IV. Investment Law and Energy S. 1644-1676

„… fragmentation opens thegates for the substitution of products and shows the multitude of interactive mar-ket …” „… investor-friendly awards against the host State. There are two solutions to this problem.One is of a legal nature …” „… re-fusal to pay respect to an award in favour of a foreign investor, may scare awaynew investments, but …”

Ralph Alexander Lorz II. Protection and Security (Including the NAFTA Approach) S. 764-789

„… international awards and judg-ments and generally accepted in the literature, that a State has a duty to protect …” „… . Islamic Republic of Iran, Award No. 326-10913-2, Award of 3 November 1987, 17Iran–US CTR 135, para. 30(c …” „… ).10 Noble Ventures, Inc. v. Romania, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/11, Award, 12 October 2005, para.164.11 …”

Jan Asmus Bischoff, Richard Happ A. The Notion of Investment S. 495-544

„… ) Arbitral Awards and Judgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135(4 …” „… ICSID Awards and Decisions 1974–2002(Oxford University Press, 2013) 324–326; Patrick Juillard …” „… Nacimiento andMarten Drop, ‘Recognition and Enforcement of Annulled Arbitral Awards’ (2009) SchiedsVZ272–275 …”

Irmgard Marboe III. Valuation in Cases of Expropriation S. 1057-1081

„… ) 151–170,151.11 Examples are Southern Pacific Properties v. Egypt, ICSID Case No. ARB/84/3, Award, 20May 1992 …” „… ; Sedelmayer v. Russia, SCC, Award, 7 July 1998; Compañía del Desarrollo de San-ta Elena, S.A. v. Costa Rica …” „… , ICSID Case No. ARB/96/1, Award, 10 February 1999.12 August Reinisch, ‘Expropriation’ in Peter Muchlinski …”

Carsten Kern VI. Transfer of Funds S. 870-886

„… BITs.’2 Continental Casualty Company v. Argentina, ICSID Case No. ARB/03/9, Award, 5 September2008 …” „… Transmission Company v. Argentina, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/8, Award, 12 May2005; LG&E v. Argentina, ICSID Case No …” „… . Argentina, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/3,Award, 22 May 2007; Sempra Energy International v. Argentina, ICSID Case …”

Christoph Schreuer V. The Future of International Investment Law S. 1904-1912

„… perspective is reflected in its more re-cent treaty practice which shows important limitations to investor …” „… theICSID Convention, which in its Article 53 states that an award shall not be sub-ject to any appeal or …” „… investments within the3 The idea was first introduced by Gabrielle Kaufmann-Kohler, ‘Annulment of ICSID Awards …”

Giorgio Sacerdoti, Matilde Recanati XIII. Approaches to Investment Protection outside of Specific International Investment Agreements and Investor-State Settlement S. 1839-1862

„… /18680003/200809010000/0.142.114.541.pdf.8 Italy v. Cuba, Preliminary Award of 15 March 2005; Final Award of 15 January 2008 …” „… ; Dis-senting opinion of Professor Tanzi to the Final Award available at http://www.italaw.com/cases/580.9 …” „… , Award (Feb. 7, 2005)) andEcuador v. US (Ecuador v. USA (PCA Case n. 2012-5), Award of September 29, 2012 …”

August Reinisch V. National Treatment S. 846-869

„… No. ARB/03/29,Award, 27 August 2009, para. 387.5 Archer Daniels Midland Company and Tate & Lyle …” „… Ingredients Americas, Inc. v. Mexico,ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/04/5 (NAFTA), Award, 21 November 2007, para. 193 …” „… . Consortium RFCC v. Morocco, ICSID Case No. ARB/00/6, Award, 22 December 2003,para. 74.30 Art. II(1) of the …”

Anthony Sinclair VII. Umbrella Clause S. 887-958

„… . Romania, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/11, Award, 12 October 2005, para.50. Cf. El Paso Energy International …” „… , 16.5 Yaung Chi Oo Trading Pte Ltd v. Myanmar, ASEAN Case No. ARB/01/1, Award, 31 March2003, paras …” „… January 2004, para. 114, fn. 46.7 Nykomb Synergetics Technology Holding AB v. Latvia, SCC, Award, 16 …”

Yun-I Kim I. Investment Law and the Individual S. 1585-1601

„… ), Award,11 October 2002, (2003) 42 ILM 85, para. 116.7 LaGrand case (Germany v. USA), ICJ Judgment, ICJ …” „… (NAFTA), Award, 21 November 2007, para. 178.12 Archer Daniels Midland (n. 11) para. 171.13 Archer Daniels …” „… . Mexico (n. 14) 167, 169.17 Cargill, Inc. v. Mexico, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/05/2 (NAFTA), Award, 18 …”

Christina Binder IV. Circumstances Precluding Wrongfulness S. 442-480

„… . Argentina, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/8, Award, 12 May2005, (2005) 44 ILM 1205, para. 53 et seq.21 See e.g. ibid …” „… . Argentina, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/3, Award,22 May 2007, para. 288 et seq.; Sempra Energy International v …” „… . Argentina, ICSID Case No.ARB/02/16, Award, 28 September 2007, para. 325 et seq.22 See e.g. CMS v. Argentina …”

Ursula Kriebaum VIII. Expropriation S. 959-1030

„… , 116–120;Yaung Chi Oo Trading Pte. Ltd. v. Myanmar, ICSID Case No. ARB/01/1, Final Award, 31March 2003 …” „… 2005, paras.139–155; Saluka Investments B.V. v. Czech Republic, UNCITRAL (NAFTA), Partial Award,17 …” „… /07/15, Award, 3 March 2010, para. 387; Burlington ResourcesInc. v. Ecuador, ICSID Case No. ARB/08/5 …”

Marc Bungenberg, Manjiao Chi C. Chinese Investment Law S. 221-239

„… end-all of investment arbitration,with all the attendant consequences, such as those related to award …” „… enforcement.But as history shows, it is most likely that an improved system of dispute settle-ment will be – if …” „… amount of compensation due, if any.146The Tza Yap Shum v. Peru award plainly digresses from earlier …”

Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan VI. Investment Law and Intellectual Property Rights S. 1692-1713

„… shows that BITs gener-ally include IP rights as a form of investment.16 Further, most FTAs …” „… are merely listed as one form‘that an investment may take’.26 As the further discussion below shows …” „… 211 (2006), Partial Award, 17 March 2006, para. 305; see also Andrew Newcombe and LluísParadell (n. 57 …”

August Reinisch IV. The Likely Content of Future EU Investment Agreements S. 1884-1903

„… . Serbia,UNCITRAL, Partial Award on Jurisdiction, 8 September 2006, para. 112 (‘It is the establishedpractice of …” „… ., Romak S.A. v. Uzbekistan, PCA Case No. AA280, Award, 26 November 2009, para.207 (‘The Arbitral Tribunal …” „… ar-bitrator’s award in Malaysian Historical Salvors v. Malaysia.31 Both decisionsturned the characteristic …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845258997

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Informationsflüsse, Wahlen und Demokratie

Thorsten Faas (Hrsg.), Sascha Huber (Hrsg.), Mona Krewel (Hrsg.), Sigrid Roßteutscher (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Studien zur Wahl- und Einstellungsforschung

Band 35 2023

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Patrick W. Kraft Change My View: Do Moral Appeals Facilitate Compromise? S. 169-196

„… – can be mitigated by discussionsin heterogeneous groups. Other research shows that such …” „… across issues. Ryan (2014) further shows thatthe propensity to moralize – i.e., the tendency to view an …” „… experiments, theauthor shows that this tendency translates into stronger opposition to com‐promise about …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748915553

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CETA Investment Law

Marc Bungenberg (Hrsg.), August Reinisch (Hrsg.)

2022

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Richard Happ Article 8.34 Interim measures S. 767-778

„… applicable sinceprovisional measures to secure enforcement of the award are not possible (→ mn. 35).C …” „… changed.4 As the detailed analysis below shows, thisleads to certain problems in the interpretation of …” „… measure will be ordered in the form of an ‘order’, but not in theform of an interim award.17 This has two …”

Lukas Stifter Article 8.32 Claims manifestly without legal merit S. 738-756

„… Lead to Enforceable Awards?—The Limits of Modifying the ICSID Convention and the Natureof Investment …” „… . ARB/09/11, Award (1 December 2010), para. 29.19 See Article 8.18(1): ‘[...] an investor of a Party may …” „… Bizkaia, Bilbao BiskaiaUr Partzuergoa v. The Argentine Republic, ICSID Case No. ARB/07/26, Award (8 …”

August Reinisch Article 8.7 Most-favoured-nation treatment S. 216-230

„… situations’, Canadian BIT practice usually included such referencesto comparators. The drafting history shows …” „… wished to include such language.10 However, the January2011 version shows that the EU apparently did not …” „… & Talbot Inc. v. The Government of Canada, UNCITRAL (NAFTA), Award on the Merits(10 April 2001); Grand …”

Lars Markert Article 8.25 Consent to the settlement of the dispute by the Tribunal S. 566-583

„… Lach, Joshua Toews and Grace Tran, ‘Whether Multilateral Investment CourtAwards Could Be Enforced Using …” „… System for CETA andTTIP Lead to Enforceable Awards? – The Limits of Modifying the ICSID Convention and …” „… van den Berg, ‘Appeal Mechanism for ISDS Awards: Interaction with theNew York and ICSID Conventions …”

Patrick Dumberry Article 8.10 Treatment of investors and of covered investments S. 256-276

„… investment treaties (BITs). My own ana-lysis shows that less than 5% of BITs do not include any formal and …” „… exception of İçkale İnşaat LimitedŞirketi v. Turkmenistan, ICSID Case No. ARB/10/24, Award (8 March 2016 …” „… regardingArticle 1105 NAFTA after three controversial awards that had been rendered in theyear 2000 (Metalclad,13 …”

Irmgard Marboe Article 8.39 Final award S. 826-855

„… Article 8.39Final award1. If the Tribunal makes a final award against the respondent, the Tribunal …” „… mayonly award, separately or in combination:(a) monetary damages and any applicable interest;(b …” „… ) restitution of property, in which case the award shall provide that the re-spondent may pay monetary damages …”

Stephan Hobe, Julian Scheu Article 8.24 Proceedings under another international agreement S. 553-565

„… agreement are taken into account in its decision, order or award.Reference to the Respective Provisions in …” „… , Bohuslav Klein,Jeremy Carver, Hans Bagner and Tore Wiwen-Nilsson, ‘How to Avoid Conflicting Awards – The …” „… agreement are taken into account in itsdecision, order or award.Art. 8.24 Proceedings under another …”

Marc Bungenberg, August Reinisch An Overview of the CETA – Investment Chapter (Chapter 8) S. 1-42

„… for Investment Awards’, CIDS Supplemental Report(2017); Paul Kellogg, ‘NAFTA unplugged?: Canada’s …” „… Concerning an InvestmentCourt System for CETA and TTIP Lead to Enforceable Awards? — The Limits of Modifying …” „… , Content of Awards and their Enforceability . . . . . . . . . . . 995. Interim Conclusion …”

Crina Baltag Article 8.26 Third party funding S. 584-599

„… fromInjustice (CEO, Brussels and Amsterdam, 2012); John Fellas, ‘Third-Party Funding: The Award ofCosts and …” „… nonetheless true that the case law shows that only inlimited circumstances respondent States resorted to TPF.8 …” „… Henricus Funnekotter and others v. Republic of Zimbabwe, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/6,Award (22 April 2009 …”

Johannes Tropper Article 8.6 National treatment S. 194-215

„… . Mexico, ICSID Case No. ARB(AF)/17/3, Award (6 July 2020), para. 240; seealso Newcombe and Paradell, The …” „… No. ARB(AF)/04/5, Award (21 November 2007), para. 193; OccidentalExploration and Production Company v …” „… . Ecuador, LCIA Case No. UN3467, Final Award (1 July 2004),para. 173.11 Bayindir Insaat Turizm Ticaret Ve …”

N. Jansen Calamita Article 8.36 Transparency of proceedings S. 787-807

„… of the investor-state dispute, including thepublication of the award itself;– Public access to …” „… awards against states hasincreased, the legitimacy of ISDS has been questioned by states, by academics …” „… non-public arbitral awards and decisions. Thus,a Party represented by counsel that frequently participates in …”

Lori Di Pierdomenico Article 8.43 Consolidation S. 923-944

„… of fair and efficient resolution of the claims including theinterest of consistency of awards, the …” „… consolidatingdivision of the Tribunal established under this Article has assumed jurisdiction.12. The award of a …” „… Lévesque, ‘Inconsistency in Investor-State Awards and the Role of State interpretations’in Andrea Bjorkland …”

Stefanie Schacherer Article 8.9 Investment and regulatory measures S. 236-255

„… and the investors’ rights.3 As the presentcommentary shows, Article 8.9 is a central provision of CETA …” „… SA and AbalHermanos SA v. Oriental Republic of Uruguay, ICSID Case No. ARB/10/7, Award (8 July …” „… Lecorcier and Michael Stein v. ItalianRepublic, ICSID Case No. ARB/14/3, Final Award (27 December 2016 …”

Ursula Kriebaum Article 8.12 Expropriation S. 297-336

„… line with internationaljudicial practice in general. It shows that CETA adopts a police powers approach …” „… , ICSID Case No. ARB/07/15, Award (3 March 2010), para. 387; Burlington Resources Inc.v. Ecuador, ICSID …” „… e.g. Guaracachi America, Inc. and Rurelec PLC v. Bolivia, UNCITRAL, PCA Case No. 2011-17,Award …”

Marc Bungenberg, Afolabi Adekemi Article 8.18 CETA (Scope) S. 434-484

„… ), para. 58; Ethyl Corporation v. Government of Canada, UNCITRAL, Award onJurisdiction (24 June 1998 …” „… Vito G. Gallo v. Government of Canada, PCA Case No. 2008-03, Award (15 September 2011), para.277 (notes …” „… disputes); see also, Philip Morris Asia Limited v. Commonwealth of Australia, PCA Case No.2012-12, Award on …”

Lori Di Pierdomenico Article 8.15 Reservations and exceptions S. 374-394

„… by the negotiation text of February 2012.11 The November 21, 2013 nego-tiation text shows Canada’s …” „… , and the impactsthese awards would have over WTO jurisprudence.Exception for ProcurementArticle 8.15.5 …” „… government of a Party. ADF Group Inc. (Can.) v. UnitedStates, ICSID Case No. ARB/AF/00/1, Award (9 January …”

Herman Verbist Article 8.20 Mediation S. 485-519

„… award atthe Parties’ request.26II. ADR Contributes to Case SettlementData shows that ADR contributes to …” „… ICSID Convention andAdditional Facility Rules shows that 104 disputes were discontinued before any …” „… handled thusfar underthe ECT, nine cases have been settled of which four were embodied in an award.45In …”

Katia Fach Gómez Article 8.30 Ethics S. 654-703

„… Rules on the Search for the Truth in Arbitration’ in Luc Demeyere (ed), Doarbitral awards reveal the …” „… a Party.511.47 An analysis of this paragraph in various languages shows differences in the use of …” „… the tribunal until six months after the publication of the final award,] arbitratorsshall be …”

Arnaud de Nanteuil Article 8.14 Subrogation S. 360-373

„… clearly shows that the possibility to admit a State-to-State disputein case of a subrogation was …” „… Contracting State shall have failed to abide by and comply with the award rendered in suchdispute’.Art. 8.14 …”

Marc Bungenberg, Andrés E. Alvarado Garzón Article 8.17 Formal requirements S. 417-433

„… International Commercial Arbitral Awards’ (2017) 34 (2) J. Int. Arb.,275; Jost Delbrück, Exercising public …” „… Awards’ (2017) 34(2) J. Int. Arb., 275 (280); Biukovic, ‘Transparency Norms, theWorld Trade System and …” „… , the party relying on that nature showsthat, despite its age, that information still constitutes …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748902133

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STADION

Alle Ausgaben: STADION

STADION Jahrgang 42 (2016) Heft 1 ISSN Online: 2942-3430

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Summaries – Résumes – Zusammenfassungen S. 126-143

„… this essay the Gigliola Gori Junior Scholar Award 2014. Il existe aujourd'hui un nombre …” „… Award, décerné par le Société Internationale d'Histoire de l'éducation physique et du sport (ISHPES …” „… und des Sports (ISHPES) hat diese Arbeit mit dem Gigliola Gori Young Scholar Award 2014 ausgezeichnet …”

doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2016-1

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