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Understanding European Neighbourhood Policies

Edmund Ratka (Hrsg.), Olga Spaiser (Hrsg.)

Reihe: Münchner Beiträge zur europäischen Einigung

Band 22 2012

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Jan Busse Continuity and Change: Deconstructing German Foreign Policy towards the Middle East Conflict S. 141-157

„… policy-making towards the Middle East conflict that serves as the contextual background of the empirical section …” „… remains the main challenge for German foreign policy-making in the Middle East. All in all, German foreign …” „… Continuity and Change: Deconstructing German Foreign Policy towards the Middle East Conflict Jan …”

About the Authors S. 369-373

„… and heads the project on Europe and the Middle East at the Center for Applied Policy Research (C∙A∙P …” „… author of EU Foreign Policymaking and the Middle East Conflict (Routledge 2011). 370 Christine Normann …” „… of Strasbourg. Jan Busse is a doctoral researcher and research assistant in the Middle East and …”

Edmund Ratka From Barcelona to Berlin via Paris: Europeanisation Dynamics in Germany’s Mediterranean Policy S. 119-141

„… first outline a model of German foreign policy-making towards the Middle East conflict that serves as …” „… : migration, security policy (above all the Middle East conflict), fight against terrorism, environment (above …” „… Policy towards the Middle East Conflict Jan Busse Introduction This chapter will analyse German foreign …”

Michael Bauer, René Rieger Enhancing Interregional Partnership: Europe and the Gulf S. 175-190

„… Efforts in the Middle East”, C·A·P Policy Analysis 5. Munich. Bauer, Michael/Koch, Christian 2009 …” „… entire Middle East, all parties involved would benefit greatly from closer EU-GCC cooperation on the …” „… (Middle East) balance of power and provoke a regional or at least a subregional nuclear arms race. All …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-14

„… , including North Africa, the Middle East and the Gulf region, as well as the Balkans, Russia, the Black Sea …” „… MANS Network for the Affirmation of the NGO Sector MENA Middle East and North Africa NGO …” „… Middle East Conflict 141 Jan Busse 11 EU-Israel: An Enduring ‘Special’ Relationship despite Clashing …”

Caroline du Plessix EU-Israel: An Enduring ‘Special’ Relationship despite Clashing Perceptions S. 157-175

„… in the Middle East including Palestinian areas will also be boosted” (European Council 1994). From …” „… , mainly in Africa and the ‘Great Middle East’ (Gnesotto 2011). These different realities often prompt …” „… in a better world. 12 December 2003. Brussels. European Council 1997: Conclusions on the Middle East …”

Zaki Laïdi Europeans without Europe: The Paradox of the ‘Arab Spring’ S. 107-119

„… , geographical proximity, and economic stakes the events in North Africa and the Middle East significantly affect …” „… leading role in the region. This being said, Britain still has important interests in the Middle East …” „… and allies from the Middle East, was thoroughly compatible with the NATO framework and resulted in a …”

Patrick Müller Europeanisation within and beyond the EU: A Conceptual Overview S. 35-53

„… Foreign Policymaking and the Middle East Conflict: The Europeanisation of National Foreign Policy. London …” „… policy-entrepreneurship and agenda-setting in EU policy-making to enhance our understanding of foreign policy-uploading …” „… towards the Middle East conflict, contributing to the well established literature on the driving forces of …”

Edmund Ratka, Olga A. Spaiser Introduction: Understanding European Neighbourhood Policies S. 15-24

„… constructivist foreign policy analysis to examine the German position towards the Middle East conflict and takes …” „… Barcelona process (Ratka), the Middle East conflict and relations with Israel (Busse; du Plessix) and on the …” „… and its member states; • a combination of both theoretically-informed and policy-oriented studies that …”

Florent Parmentier The Clash of Neighbourhoods? The Impact of the ‘Arab Spring’ on the EU’ s Neighbourhood Policy S. 355-368

„… , differentiation between East and South is a key tendency to define the future of the European Neighbourhood Policy …” „… ‘South’ includes the Southern Mediterranean countries, both from North Africa and Middle East: Morocco …” „… Germany and Poland share the same assumptions on what a good Eastern policy would be. A Neighbouring …”

Sebastian Schäffer EU-Russia Relations and the Eastern Partnership S. 239-249

„… improvement for the foreign policy of the EU and therefore also in the relationship to its Eastern neighbours …” „… now be seen as the Eastern dimension of the European Neighbourhood Policy and therefore in a way meant …” „… , Paweł 2010: The EU's Eastern Neighbourhood Policy after Lisbon. Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, Dossier Europe’s …”

Daniel Grotzky The Non-Democratic Other and the Borders of Europeanness S. 343-355

„… practices have also been applied by scholars viewing Eastern enlargement as a policy embedded in the …” „… puzzling constellations for policy-making to prognosticate. Policy-makers should be aware of how their own …” „… , both from North Africa and Middle East: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Israel, the Occupied …”

Werner Weidenfeld Europe’s International Responsibility: A Continent in Search of its Strategy S. 25-34

„… institutional setting has improved during the last decades, the EU’s foreign policy-making is still too reactive …” „… up to the project of the single European market. Efforts to establish foreignor even defence-policy …” „… ) followed first and foremost the United States and NATO in their security-policy approaches. However …”

Christine Normann Analysing the Evolution of the European Neighbourhood Policy: Theoretical and Methodological Triangulation S. 53-69

„… policy towards the East, the question of an EU membership perspective was not raised in this context. As …” „… policy-making process. 5 See Auel 2006: 293-301; Bulmer 2008: 46-58; Graziano/Vink 2008: 3-20 …” „… organisational logic of national politics and policy-making” (Ladrech 1994: 69). 7 Europeanisation as “the …”

David Rinnert Georgia and the Eastern Partnership: Progress, Problems and Prospects S. 213-239

„… hand, the Eastern dimension of the EU’s neighbourhood policy has led to improved results in Georgia and …” „… Eastern neighbourhood”, in: Delcour, Laure/Tulemts, Elsa (eds.), Pioneer Europe? Testing EU foreign policy …” „… : An Appraisal of the EU’s Trade Policy Towards Its Eastern Neighbors: The Case of Georgia …”

Alina Homorozean Carrots, Sticks and Regional Cooperation: A Critical Analysis of the EU’s Approaches towards the Black Sea Region S. 191-213

„… European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP), the Black Sea Synergy (BSS) and the Eastern Partnership (EaP). However …” „… of the various EU policy approaches towards the Eastern neighbourhood. By suggesting recommendations …” „… attention the surrounding regions enjoyed, especially due to the Middle East crisis, the conflicts in the …”

Irene Hahn Democratising Power Europe? Modes of EU Democracy Promotion in Post-Socialist Europe S. 285-308

„… South Eastern Europe, 3. European Neighbourhood Policy, and 4. Partnership with Russia. The different …” „… Eastern Europe", in: Journal of European Public Policy (11) 4. 661-679. 306 Schimmelfennig …” „… sectoral cooperation promises the promotion of democratic governance at the level of policy-making, instead …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845235486

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The Islam/West Debate

David Blankenhorn (Hrsg.), Abdou Filali-Ansary (Hrsg.), Hassan I. Mneimneh (Hrsg.), Alex Roberts (Hrsg.)

2005

doi.org/10.5771/9781461666479

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Donald Trump's Digital Diplomacy and Its Impact on US Foreign Policy Towards the Middle East

Ahmed Y. Zohny

2023

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The Impact of Trump’s Performance in Foreign Policy and Diplomacy on the Middle East S. 245-280

doi.org/10.5771/9781793602008

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Essays on Russian Foreign Policy in the Caucasus & the Middle East

Maxim A. Suchkov

2015

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What's behind Russia's Mideast strategy? S. 89-90

„… Russia's new Middle East policy is made up of a mixture of tactics. Policymakers definitely do not want …” „… What's behind Russia's Mideast strategy? Russia's shrewd policy moves in the Middle East have …” „… are, the better your odds for policy progress. 1 Malashenko A. Russia’s Policy in the Middle East and …”

Russian policy in Ukraine, Mideast not just about Putin S. 65-70

„… Russia in the Middle East: from Syria to ISISIII. Russian policy in Ukraine, Mideast not just …” „… foreign policy patterns in various regions, including the Middle East. The first pattern is rooted in the …” „… . Going against the mainstream, as it is portrayed, is the third pattern in Russian Middle East policy. It …”

Chechnya's silent diplomacy in the Middle East S. 41-43

„… constraints. The North Caucasus is becoming an integral part of Russian Middle Eastern policy, since many of …” „… /Schizophrenic-US-foreign-policy-pushing- Arab-states-toward-Russia-Bahrain-warns.html 8 Weiss M. Russia’s Return to the Middle East // The …” „… Chechnya's silent diplomacy in the Middle East When it comes to the security of the Russian …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-12

„… Nomos Essays on Russian Foreign Policy in the Caucasus & the Middle East Maxim A. Suchkov …” „… Cataloging-in-Publication Data Suchkov, Maxim A. Essays on Russian Foreign Policy in the Caucasus and the Middle East Maxim …” „… in the Middle East: from Syria to ISISIII. 65 Russian policy in Ukraine, Mideast not just about Putin …”

Why Russia's Mideast agenda doesn't appeal to GCC S. 109-114

„… of Russia. In the eyes of the GCC, succession in Russian policy in the Middle East is a double-edged …” „… spoiler in the Middle East3. Russians see little hope in trying to improve their image among the Gulf …” „… states. While Moscow projects its soft power across the Middle East, of all subregions the Gulf seems to …”

Why Russia's Mideast agenda doesn't appeal to GCC -⁠⁠ Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East S. 102-104

„… of Russia. In the eyes of the GCC, succession in Russian policy in the Middle East is a double-edged …” „… Why Russia's Mideast agenda doesn't appeal to GCC - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East As …” „… reputation of being a major spoiler in the Middle East. Russians see little hope in trying to improve their …”

References S. 131-140

„… 54043-100371409 Malashenko A. Russia’s Policy in the Middle East and the Fight Against Extremism // POMEAS Brief …” „… -russia-s-policy-in-the-middle-east-and-the-fightagainst-extremism Mahmoud Abbas' Visit to Karachay-Cherkessia // PONARS Eurasia. – March 22, 2013 …” „… : http://www.ponarseurasia.org/sites/default/files/policy-memos-pdf/Pepm359_Baev_Feb2015.pdf Barzegar K. The Arab Spring and the Balance of Power in the Middle East …”

Russia turns to soft power in the Middle East S. 105-108

„… Russia turns to soft power in the Middle East While Russia is most commonly seen as a hard power …” „… image in the Middle East is that of a tough state with a rigid authoritative political rule and an …” „… go to make itself look more attractive on this front. The Middle East is no exception. Russia’s soft …”

List of Articles S. 129-130

„… Lame // Middle Eastern Analysis-Ortadoğu Analiz, June 2013, Vol. 5 Issue 54.– pp. 83-90 …” „… Chechnya's silent diplomacy in the Middle East // Al-Monitor, January 15, 2014: http …” „… Middle East // Al-Monitor, April 24, 2015: http://w ww.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/04 …”

Will Russia play the Kurdish card? S. 74-76

„… have surprising implications for Russia’s Middle Eastern policy: the Kurds. Although no strangers to …” „… both opportunities and risks for Moscow’s interests in the Middle East. On Sept. 27, the People …” „… : http://www.rferl.org/content/caucasusreport-umarov-videos/25077651.html 4 Russia’s Agenda in the Middle East // Deutsche Gesellschaft für Auswärtige …”

Limits of Partnership: Russia and Turkey in the Caucasus S. 36-37

„… strategy in the Middle East. But it is logical to assume that in times when its policy there does not run …” „… the Caucasus to Central Asia and the Middle East. But Russia and Turkey shared more than that; both …” „… relationship in other strategic regions has proved to be more nuanced. In the Middle East, Russia and Turkey …”

Russia's South Stream move empowers Turkey S. 91-93

„… flank, accumulating energy resources from Russia, Central Asia and the Middle East. This will make …” „… grows, conflicts over Syria and other issues in the Middle East are put on a bilateral “freeze …” „… Europe to the Middle East. If China was the biggest win- 2 Krutikhin M. Anxious in Ankara // Eurasia …”

Islamic State gains victory for Chechen jihadists S. 80-82

„… browbeating, this narrative finds Moscow supporters in the Middle East and elsewhere. However, Russians have …” „… operating in the greater Middle East — partly over personal loyalties to groups’ leaders and emirs, partly …” „… in Chechnya, Afghanistan, Iraq and other hotbeds across the Middle East. This comes as no surprise …”

Russia, Turkey weigh options in Crimea S. 77-79

„… important to Moscow. Certainly, the two are not on the same page in Syria and some other Middle Eastern …” „… : http://www.david-morrison.org.uk/us/turkey-restricts-us-access.htm III. Russia in the Middle East: from Syria to ISIS 78 There is another dimension to it, which has …” „… integration, this dimension of Turkey’s path is blurred. So is that of the Middle East, where the hopes the …”

Why it matters that Russia and US have different narratives about ISIS S. 83-85

„… new buzzword for many terrorist groups operating across the Middle East. ISIS certainly stands out for …” „… owes its success to the international horde of mujahedeen from the Middle East, North Africa, 1 …” „… enemy Western powers tackle in the Middle East, many in the West believed that the insurgency in the …”

The North Caucasus in Contemporary U.S.-Russia relations: Key Problems and Implications for the Future S. 24-35

„… Central Asia and the Middle East – which raises additional risks for the Russian foreign policy in the …” „… Caucasus and in The North Caucasus in Contemporary U.S.-Russia relations: 27 the Greater Middle East are …” „… opportunities for joint initiatives (see Kuchins 2013: 175-178). Besides, as the turmoil in the Middle East …”

Looking behind the Russia-Iran relationship S. 86-88

„… , Iraq and the greater Middle East. Russia and Iran express similar concerns on the US-led involvement5 …” „… . Russia in the Middle East: from Syria to ISIS 88 …” „… mutual interest. There currently are four key foreign policy dimensions in the bilateral relations …”

Syria: Pandora’s Box for the Russian Caucasus? S. 71-73

„… dreadful impact of the Syrian crisis and the Middle Eastern turmoil in general on its “soft underbelly …” „… power III. Russia in the Middle East: from Syria to ISIS 72 rivalry syndrome prevail or taking advantage …” „… domestic affairs, it drives, to a certain degree, the country’s policy on this issue: the potentially …”

About the Author S. 141-142

„… foreign policy in the post-Soviet space and the Middle East, U.S.-Russia relations, developments in …” „… University’s Center for Eurasian, Russian and East European Studies (2010-2011). He authored, contributed to …”

Russia looks to Egypt for Mideast foothold S. 94-95

„… ) remained the leading purchaser of USSR-made arms in the Middle East. With the virtual wrap-up of political …” „… , having another reliable partner would be wise. Certainly, the scale of the policy Russia aims for is far …” „… extensive cost-based policy. Instead, its moves are country-targeted with an emphasis on the resources …”

What's at stake for Russia with Charlie Hebdo? S. 124-126

„… on the European front line with the Muslim states of North Africa and the Middle East. But it is not …” „… adaptability policy and Islamic education in the country. In a highly polarized context, similar types of moves …”

Russia looks for new regional footing post-Iran deal S. 115-118

„… nonproliferation regime. Second, they will, of course, have a healing effect on the overall situation in the Middle …” „… East, North Africa and the Persian Gulf. Third, once this agreement is implemented, it will be possible …” „… : http://en.mid.ru/en/web/guest/foreign_policy/news/-/asset_publisher/ cKNonkJE02Bw/content/id/1577220 2 Trenin D., Malashenko A. Iran: A View from Moscow // Carnegie …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845266947

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New Dimensions of Chinese Foreign Policy

Sujian Guo (Hrsg.), Shiping Hua (Hrsg.)

2007

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8 China's Middle East Policy and Its Implications for US-China Relations Zhiqun Zhu S. 165-178

doi.org/10.5771/9780739158166

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Turkish-Qatari Relations

Özgür Pala, Khalid Al-Jaber

2022

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Chapter 2: Evolving Dynamics of Turkish Foreign Policy toward the Arab Middle East (1923–1980) S. 43-58

doi.org/10.5771/9781666901733

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Oil and Terrorism in the New Gulf

James J.F. Forest, Matthew V. Sousa

2006

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5. A History of U.S. Foreign Policy in the Middle East and the Old Gulf S. 131-146

doi.org/10.5771/9780739158371

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EU-Mittelmeerpolitik und der Reformprozess in Ägypten

Thomas Demmelhuber

Reihe: Schriften des Zentrum für Europäische Integrationsforschung (ZEI)

Band 69 2009

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 308-343

„… Alliances«, in: Middle East Policy, 3/2006. Dunn, Michael Collins, »The Coming Era of Leadership Change in …” „… the Arab World«, in: Middle East Policy, 4/1998. Dunne, Michele, »Evaluating Egyptian Reform«, in …” „… , »Upgrading Authoritarianism in the Arab World«, in: The Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings …”

Systemwandel S. 57-63

„… Theory and the Middle East: An Overview and Critique«, in: Democratization, 3/2006. 59 zation, Cultural …” „… , Uncharted Journey. Promoting Democracy in the Middle East, S. 15ff.; Eva Bellin, »The Robustness of …” „… Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in Comparative Perspective«, in: Comparative Politics, 2/2004 …”

Demokratie vs. Stabilität als Referenzpunkt der Akteure S. 33-43

„… in the Arab World«, in: The Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution …” „… Jones, Negotiating Change. The New Politics of the Middle East, I.B. Tauris: London u.a. 2006, S. 7. 65 …” „… Amerikas Greater Middle East«, in: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, SWP-Aktuell, 5/2004, Berlin, S. 3f …”

Reformgradualismus von 1995 bis 2004: Reaktion und Prävention S. 100-118

„… Ideo-logical Reversal«, in: The Middle East Research Institute, Inquiry and Analysis Series, 309/2006. 336 Für …” „… . International Crisis Group, »Egypt’s Sinai Question«, in: Middle East/North Africa Report, 61/2007 …” „… Präsidentenamt, cf. Daniel Sobelman, »Gamal Mubarak, President of Egypt«, in: Middle East Quarterly, Frühjahr …”

Gesellschaftspolitische Reformagenda seit 1995 S. 233-250

„… : Orientalist Myths and Recent Views«, in: British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 1/1994, S. 3-18. 879 …” „… , and Middle East Politics Today, Columbia University Press: New York 2006, S. 33ff.). Das ägyptische …” „… Washington Institute for Near East Policy: Washington D.C. 1998, S. 1. 236 zuwider läuft.885 …”

Akteure des Reformprozesses: Quantität vs. Qualität S. 130-153

„… , Democratization and Development. New Political Strategies for the Middle East, S. 148. 451 Pratt, Democracy and …” „… of Development in the Middle East, S. 134ff. 132 verfügten,456 hat sich die Situation in den …” „… Offizierskorps, cf. Hillel Frisch, »Guns and Butter in the Egyptian Army«, in: Middle East Review of …”

Reformen als Strategie zur langfristigen Herrschaftssicherung S. 118-130

„… . Michael Collins Dunn, »The Coming Era of Leadership Change in the Arab World«, in: Middle East Policy …” „… the way toward peace in the Middle East, can now show the way toward democracy in the Middle East«.407 …” „… Referendums, cf. Mona el-Ghobashy, »Egypt’s Paradoxical Elections«, in: Middle East Report, 238/2006, S. 20-29 …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 11-15

„… Middle East Oil Refineries MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MoFA (Egyptian) Ministry of …” „… / GASP Common Foreign and Security Policy / Gemeinsame Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik CIHRS Cairo …” „… Freihandelszone EMG East Mediterranean Gas Company EMP Euro-Mediterranean Partnership / Euro-Mediterrane …”

Reaktion auf Krisenpotenziale im Mittelmeerraum seit 1990 S. 29-33

„… ). 51 Cf. Diamond / Plattner / Brumberg, Islam and Democracy in the Middle East, The Johns Hopkins …” „… , European Foreign Policy Making toward the Mediterranean, Palgrave Macmillan: New York u.a. 2007, S. 164ff …” „… : Übernimmt sich der Westen? Nomos: Baden-Baden 2005; Brigitte Rahbaek (Hrsg.), Democratisation in the Middle …”

Konzeptualisierung der normativen Agenda: »Is the price still too high«? S. 297-303

„… , Uncharted Journey. Promoting Democracy in the Middle East, S. 16. 1100 Autoreninterview, EU-Ministerrat. Es …” „… , »The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Exceptionalism in Comparative Perspective«, S …” „… , S. 239ff. 1108 Amitai Etzioni, Security First: For a Muscular, Moral Foreign Policy, Yale …”

Asymmetrien der Perzeption im Mittelmeerraum als historisches Erbe S. 24-29

„… Political Strategies for the Middle East, Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke u.a. 2006, S. 46. 36 Stefan …” „… Höherwertigkeit, die nach Said »for the pattern of relative strength between the East and West, and the discourse …” „… Fröhlich, »The European Neighbourhood Policy: An Adequate Instrument for Democratisation«, in: Varwick …”

Zwischenfazit (I): Korrelation von politischen Reformen mit der EMP/ENP S. 175-182

„… «, in: Carothers / Ottaway, Uncharted Journey. Promoting Democracy in the Middle East, S. 73. 650 Das …” „… legitimate public policy issue«649 spricht. Fakt ist, dass sich die EU mit ihrer EU-Mittelmeerpolitik …” „… von machtpolitischen Politikfeldern seitens der EU erklären, cf. Bicchi, European Foreign Policy …”

Euro-Mediterrane Partnerschaft (EMP) S. 70-82

„… Middle East: Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer transatlantischen Strategie«, in: Ehrhart / Johannsen …” „… . Fn 7. 208 Ein erster Versuch fand in den 1970er Jahren im Rahmen der »Global Mediterranean Policy …” „… : Bicchi, European Foreign Policy Making toward the Mediterranean, S. 170. 232 120 Mitglieder kommen aus …”

Reformierung: Privatisierung vs. Liberalisierung S. 200-209

„… «, in: The Middle East, Juli 2007. 743 Alissa, »The Political Economy of Reform in Egypt: Understanding …” „… geführten »Policy Secretariat« in der NDP und sitzt ebenso im Vorstand der »Future Generation Foundation …”

Analyse für den ökonomischen Reformprozess Ägyptens relevanter Räume der Kooperation im Rahmen der EMP/ENP S. 209-227

„… Projekte) weg hin zu mehr »budget support in cases where the policy environment is conductive to producing …” „… Haushaltszuschüsse zu gewähren, falls »the policy environment is conductive to producing the desired outcomes«.817 …” „… State in Cairo, S. 213ff.; Asef Bayat, »Cairo’s Poor: Dilemmas of Survival and Solidarity«, in: Middle …”

Analyse für den politischen Reformprozess Ägyptens relevanter Räume der Kooperation im Rahmen der EMP/ENP S. 153-175

„… Political Strategies for the Middle East, S. 93; ähnlich argumentiert Strohmayer, cf. Strohmayer, Stabilität …” „… , which guides their internal and international policy and constitutes an essential element of this …” „… : Centre for European Policy Studies, CEPS Working Papers, 10/2003, Brüssel, S. 15f. Die vertiefte und …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845217468

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Die wirtschaftliche Dynamik in Nahost und Nordafrika

Reza Nemetzade

2008

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 225-252

„… Middle East. U.S. Foreign Policy and the Limits of Economic Inducements, in: MERIA – Middle East Review …” „… , [MIGA, 2000], MIGA in the Middle East and North Africa. Insuring Investments. Ensuring Opportunities …” „… ], Pensions in the Middle East and North Africa. Time for Change, World Bank Orientations in Development …”

Die Mittel der Weltbank und anderer Geber S. 186-190

„… 408 Vgl. Lasensky, Scott, [Peace, 2002], Underwriting Peace in the Middle East. U.S. Foreign Policy …” „… , 2005], Independence, Cantons, or Bantustans: Wither the Palestinian State? in: The Middle East Journal …” „… , Vol. 59 No. 2, Middle East Institute, Washington D.C. 2005, S. 231ff. 399 Vgl. OED, [West Bank, 2002 …”

Die Notwendigkeit demokratischer Prämissen S. 210-214

„… und Prosperität Die Verbindung der Begriffe Demokratie und Greater Middle East weckt primär die …” „… , Rebecca, [Politics, 2002], The Politics of Incoherence: The United States and the Middle East, in: The …” „… Middle East Journal, Vol. 56 No. 4, Middle East Institute, Washington D.C. 2002, S. 570ff. 463 Vgl …”

Politische und Sozioökonomische Dynamik Irans S. 69-76

„… Pragmatism in Iran’s Foreign Policy, in: The Middle East Journal, Vol. 58 No. 4, Middle East Institute …” „… , Washington D.C. December 2001, S. 58. 111 Vgl. World Water Forum, [Middle East, 2006], Mexico 2006. 4th …” „… World Water Forum, Middle East and North Africa Regional Document. Local Actions for a Local Challenge …”

Iran als internationaler Akteur S. 76-81

„… Pragmatism in Iran’s Foreign Policy, in: The Middle East Journal, Vol. 58 No. 4, Middle East Institute …” „… Strategy Misunderstood, in: The Middle East Journal, Vol. 60 No. 3, Middle East Institute, Washington D.C …” „… Continuing Evolution of Iran’s Military Doctrine, in: The Middle East Journal, Vol. 59 No. 4, Middle East …”

Jordanische Innen- und Aussenpolitik S. 115-118

„… Security, in: The Middle East Journal, Vol. 57 No. 2, Middle East Institute, Washington D.C. 2003, S. 249ff …” „… Middle East Journal, Vol. 58 No. 1, Middle East Institute, Washington D.C. 2004, S. 72ff. 230 Vgl …” „… of Policy, Institutions and WTO Disciplines, Special Studies No. 7, World Trade Organization, Geneva …”

Wirtschaftliche Freiheit S. 28-35

„… in the Middle East, International Economics Policy Briefs, Institute for International Economics …” „… United States and the Middle East, in: The Middle East Journal, Vol. 56 No. 4, Middle East Institute …” „… / El-Erian, Mohamed/ Fennell, Susan, [Growth, 1996], Growth and Financial Stability in the Middle East and …”

Literaturlage S. 27

„… der primär politischen Fachrichtung wie das Middle East Journal, das Journal Orient, Middle East …” „… Entwicklung & Frieden und Instituten sowie dem Center for European Policy Studies, Deutschen Institut für …” „… Entwicklungspolitik, Institute for International Economics, Institute for Policy Studies, International Water …”

Die Rolle von IWF und Weltbank in Kreditnehmerstaaten S. 192-202

„… Frieden, Bonn März 2002, S. 2ff. 418 Vgl. Haas, Richard N., [Middle East, 2006], The New Middle East, in …” „… 419 Vgl. Kumaraswamy, P. R., [Identity, 2006], Who Am I? The Identity Crisis in the Middle East, in …” „… : MERIA – Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 10 No. 1, The Global Research in International …”

Trockenheit als Herausforderung S. 143-151

„… Arab Countries of the Middle East – A Four Country Analysis, Global Issues Paper No. 11, Heinrich Böll …” „… Forum, [Middle East, 2006], Mexico 2006. 4th World Water Forum, Middle East and North Africa Regional …” „… East, 2006], Mexico 2006. 4th World Water Forum, Middle East and North Africa Regional Document. Local …”

Der Reformprozess S. 91-93

„… ], The Egyptian Military in Politics: Disengagement or Accommodation? in: The Middle East Journal, Vol …” „… . 57 No. 2, Middle East Institute, Washington D.C. 2003, S. 271ff. 93arbeitung als …” „… : MERIA – Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 7 No. 4, The Global Research in International …”

Die Effizienz der Weltbankmittel und das Investitionsproblem S. 190-191

„… , [Peace, 2002], Underwriting Peace in the Middle East. U.S. Foreign Policy and the Limits of Economic …” „… Inducements, in: MERIA – Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 6 No. 1, The Global Research in …” „… Prospects, International Economics Policy Briefs, Institute for International Economics, Washington D.C …”

Die Struktur der Erörterung S. 25-27

Die Weltbank und Rohstoffförderung S. 125-130

„… , Bright E., [Middle East, 2003], Middle East to Dominate World Oil for Many Years, in: Finance …” „… Network, Institute for Policy Studies, Washington D.C. 2004, S. 3. 252 Vgl. Yergin, Daniel, [Energy, 2006 …” „… Losers of World Bank Fossil Fuel Finance, Sustainable Energy and Economy Network, Institute for Policy …”

Die Weltbank und Wassermanagement in Jordanien S. 152-155

„… Management in the Middle East and Other Region, in: Finance & Development. A quarterly magazine of the IMF …” „… - 327 Vgl. Fisher, Franklin M./ Askari, Hossein, [Water, 2001], Optimal Water Management in the Middle …” „… East and Other Region, in: Finance & Development. A quarterly magazine of the IMF, Vol. 38 No. 3 …”

Ägyptische Entwicklungspolitik S. 93-96

„… : MERIA – Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 7 No. 4, The Global Research in International …” „… . Foreign Aid to Trade and Investment, in: MERIA – Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 7 No. 3 …” „… , hrsg. von Michael Emerson, Center for European Policy Studies, Brussels 2005, S. 117ff. 94 …”

Islamische Ökonomie als regionale Besonderheit S. 35-36

„… East, International Economics Policy Briefs, Institute for International Economics, Washington D.C …” „… . Noland, Marcus/ Pack, Howard, [Islam, 2004], Islam, Globalization, and Economic Performance in the Middle …”

Post-Hussein Irak und der IWF S. 120-124

„… Rato, 2004], De Rato Advises Middle Eastern Economies to Diversify, in: IMF Survey, Vol. 33 No. 20 …” „… gative Report, Sustainable Energy and Economy Network, Institute for Policy Studies, Washington D.C …” „… ], Review of the Fund’s Strategy on Overdue Financial Obligations, prepared by the Treasurer’s, Policy …”

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Politische Opposition in Bahrain

Michael Schmidmayr

Reihe: Weltregionen im Wandel

Band 11 2011

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Literaturverzeichnis S. 321-332

„… Bahrain: A Bellwether for the Gulf?“. In: Middle East Policy, Jg. 5, Nr. 2, S. 42–57. BAHRY, Louay (2000 …” „… Movement in Kuwait“. In: Middle East Policy, Jg. 5, Nr. 2, S. 58–72. GOLDBERG, Jacob (1986): „The Shi?i …” „… : Middle East Policy, Jg. 11, Nr. 4, S. 37–57. KELIDAR, Abbas (1983): „The Shii Imami Community and …”

Eine soziale Bewegung? Die geeinte Opposition S. 195-208

„… al-?Amal al-isl?m? einen Demokratiediskurs betreiben, der „geradezu der ‚Broader Middle East Initiative …” „… Befreiung Kuwaits 1991, später ab 2003 mit dem Aufkommen des Konzepts Greater Middle East und der daraus …” „… entstandenen oder darauf fußenden Middle East Partnership Initiative (MEPI) und der Broader Middle East and …”

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The European Council Decisions Related to Turkey's Accession to the EU

Ebru Turhan

Reihe: Studies on the European Union

Band 7 2012

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

„… Middle East Foreign Policy”, in Lenore G. Martin and Dimitris Keridis (eds.), The Future of Turkish …” „… the real motives of Turkey’s regional policy towards the Middle East grew, as Turkey contributed …” „… conflict. 209 Thus, Turkish foreign policy towards the Middle East was still routine and well understood …”

„… policy towards Middle East and whereas Turkey’s military relations with Israel attracted negative …” „… shift in Turkey’s foreign policy towards the states of Middle East occurred in its relations with the …” „… Turkish Policy”, Middle East Review of International Relations, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 39-51; Ziya Önis (2003b …”

Bibliography S. 369-404

„… : Rowman & Littlefield) Barkey, Henri J. (2008), “The Effect of US Policy in the Middle East on EU-Turkey …” „… Transformation of Turkish Policy”, Middle East Review of International Relations, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 39-51 …” „… , (Geneva: ILO) Martin, Lenore G. (2004), “Turkey’s Middle East Foreign Policy”, in Lenore G. Martin and …”

Implications for Future Research and Policy S. 365-368

„… “transregional” actor. In this respect, the recent developments in the Middle East and North Africa, which have …” „… “Arab spring”, series of civilian uprisings in the Middle East and North Africa, was born of people’s …” „… growing influence in the Middle East and North Africa. In recent years, Turkey’s AKP government under the …”

Turkey and the European Identity S. 290-301

„… policy approach towards the countries of the Middle East based on the enhancement of the dialogue with …” „… or have Middle Eastern heritage.941 The 2004 favorability ratings of the renowned Pew Research Center …” „… in the Middle East including the resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as well as 943 …”

Economic Considerations S. 147-166

„… ; Paul Rivlin (2003), “Two Middle-Eastern Inflations: Israel and Turkey 1980-2001”, British Journal of …” „… Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 216-218 424 Commission of the European Communities, 1998 …” „… heading “A Functioning Market Economy” are as follows: economic policy essentials, macroeconomic stability …”

Turkey’s Adherence to Community’s Moral Norms S. 104-110

„… European Community in Turkish Politics: The Özal Years 1983-87”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 37, No. 1, p …” „… Turkey, 1980-83: The Impact of European Diplomacy”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.32, No. 2, pp. 124-141 …” „… started to adopt a stricter policy towards Turkey that took Turkey’s democratization and human rights …”

Turkey and the European Identity S. 166-178

„… EU Eastern Enlargement Policy: Spain’s Preferences for an Inclusive Process”, South European Society …” „… ”, The Middle East, 1 April 1998. See also the remarks of Rudolf Scharping, the President of European …” „… .), European Union: power and policy-making, 3rd edition, (New York: Routledge), pp. 206-224; 168 strate that …”

EU Enlargement as a Response to Collective Norms S. 59-64

„… occupy the middle ground between rationalist and interpretative approaches to international relations …” „… ”, where non-state actors and domestic policy networks collectively support particular norms and apply …” „… collective ideas within the instrumental environment of the Eastern enlargement negotiations of the EU and …”

Turkey’s Adherence to Union’s Moral Norms: an Assessment in Light of the Copenhagen Political Criteria S. 178-195

„… Democracy in Turkey”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 34, No. 4, p. 270 548 Ziya Önis (1997), “The Political …” „… Candidacy for EU Membership”, Middle East Journal, Vol. 56, No. 1, p. 104 551 Magnarella, op.cit., p. 454 …” „… RP in economic policy-making in Turkey and its recognition as “the most obvious or visible sign of …”

„… critical parts of the world from the Balkans to Central Asia and the Middle East.370 Due to having strong …” „… 1998 Strategic Defense Review of the Labor Government – a foreign policy-based review to reevaluate the …” „… implications for the progression of the security policy-oriented relations between Turkey and the EU, which had …”

Frame Analysis of Government Statements on Turkey S. 328-347

„… Europe, rather than to other regions like the Middle East. In fact, some references to Turkey’s European …” „… . 25, http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb59/eb59_en.htm 343 Middle East. Statements …” „… . September 11 and the Iraq War had three significant implications for the policy-making processes of key …”

Economic Interests S. 89-99

„… countries of the Middle East. He believed that through the enhancement of economic relations and dialogue …” „… Wall triggered the re-emergence of Europe’s past suspicions about Germany’s Europe policy. The concerns …” „… reunification and the EEC membership prospective of Eastern Germany just one day before the declaration of …”

Economic Interests S. 268-290

„… diverse foreign markets such as non-EU Europe, the Near and the Middle East and Asia as well as Turkey’s …” „… regions such as Europe, the Middle East, 903 Commission of the European Communities, 2004 Regular Report …” „… Economy” are as follows: economic policy essentials, macroeconomic stability, free interplay of market …”

Frame Analysis of Government Statements on Turkey S. 210-237

„… ), “The Never-Ending Story: Turkey and the European Union”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol. 34, No. 4, p- 240 …” „… policy-makers working at the Ministry of Defense 675 Jolyon Howorth (2004), “Discourse, Ideas, and Epistemic …” „… Copenhagen political criteria as well as to adopt a so-called “good neighbor” policy particularly towards …”

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Israel's European policy after the Cold War

Stefan Ahlswede

Reihe: Düsseldorfer Schriften zu Internationaler Politik und Völkerrecht

Band 6 2009

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Preventing an EU political role S. 239-243

„… being su?ciently predictable and reliable in its Middle East policy. Most severe is the Israeli …” „… in the Middle East on the one hand, and the place Israel should have in Europe on the other. 5.3.1 …” „… ’ role in Middle Eastern politics. We have witnessed this desire e. g. in the issue of a European role at …”

Has Israel’s European Policy changed? S. 263-267

„… at least containing a European political role in the Middle East. This goal has remained unaltered …” „… into the European system would undermine Israel’s integration into the Middle East. When Israel made …” „… given that Israel has been clearly more forthcoming to the EC/ EU and its activities in the Middle East …”

Reference List S. 285-322

„… : http://www.consilium.europa.eu/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/ec/00300-1.EN4.htm. Craner, L. (2006). Will U.S. democratization policy work? Middle East Quarterly …” „… . (1999). Israeli foreign policy and the Jewish question. Middle East Review of International A?airs …” „… Lebanon policy. Middle East Review of International A?airs (Ramat Gan), 1 (1). Entessar, N. (2004). Israel …”

Perspective on integration S. 274-278

„… . Likewise, Israel’s policy towards a European role in Middle Eastern a?airs has been vastly determined by …” „… European policy. Regarding the EU’s role in the Middle East, European policy has been peace process policy …” „… towards Europe have to a large degree been a function of the Middle East peace process and of Israel’s …”

Incompatible visions: European or Middle Eastern? S. 268-270

„… security it will be gone. Unless there is peace in the Middle East, no matter how important relations with …” „… . 6.2.2. Incompatible visions: European or Middle Eastern? Israel wants to be a modern country, an …” „… dissociation, functioning as an inversion of not being Middle Eastern. Israel regards itself as alien to the …”

Conflicting aims: contain Europe or embrace Europe? S. 267-268

„… policy specifically aimed at Europe. 6.2.2. Incompatible visions: European or Middle Eastern? Israel …” „… overriding goal of national security. A significant political say of the EU in Middle Eastern a?airs is seen …” „… wider Europe will be part of the Middle East. Denying participation does not go well with integration …”

Has Israel achieved its aims? S. 251-253

„… all spheres, 1992. For a comparison of US and EU Middle East policy, see e. g. Watzal, 1995. …” „… ? As a matter of fact, the EU still did not have much of a role in Middle Eastern politics at the end …” „… integrated and preferably democratised Middle East. Whilst peace itself has not materialised, Israel’s wish …”

Token role of the EU S. 259-261

„… on the international scene and particularly in the Middle Eastern political arena. Arguably, this has …” „… welcomes a specific political endeavour of the European Union in the Middle East. Israel’s openness can be …” „… foot in the door of Middle Eastern politics, and as a substantial Israeli concession. To gain …”

Incompatible perspectives on appropriate foreign behaviour S. 272-274

„… always wanted to avoid. Likewise, Israel’s policy towards a European role in Middle Eastern a?airs has …” „… has been European policy. Regarding the EU’s role in the Middle East, European policy has been peace …” „… where integration is required. Integration into the Middle East clashes with being special even more for …”

Why has Israel been successful? S. 218-220

„… political vision that Rabin and Peres were pursuing under the name of the New Middle East made Israel’s and …” „… – albeit limited, in Israel’s view – integration of Israel into the Middle East. 220 It was this newly …” „… towards the Middle East. 4.9.3. Conflicting visions It has to be kept in mind that there is a fundamental …”

Israel’s perspective S. 108-113

„… EMP as a tool of EU domestic and North-Africa policy, but not as genuinely geared at the Middle East …” „… saying only Europe could help the Middle East whilst strongly criticising US Middle East policy. The …” „… , let alone at Israel, which does not even feel part of the Middle East. In this view, the Middle East …”

The EU as the facilitator of peace S. 243-247

„… Middle East, however, has not been as absolute as it may seem at first. It is a direct European say in …” „… Middle Eastern politics that Israel has objected to, not indiscriminately any role with political …” „… repercussions. Israel’s central positive aim towards Europe in Middle Eastern a?airs has thus been to recruit …”

The case studies S. 16-18

„… are several analyses of EC/ EU Middle East policy but only a few of EC-Israel relations. Furthermore …” „… relations and the EU’s Middle East and Mediterranean policy, the upgrading of formal Israel-EU relations in …” „… on common and conflicting interests that Israel and Europe have in the Middle East and the …”

External operational environment S. 29-42

„… cooperation with Israel faded however. France turned to a pro-Arab policy in the Middle East and refused to …” „… .36 33 Shpiro & Rynhold, 2003. On the contribution of member states to framing EU Middle East policy …” „… policy Because of its proximity to the Middle East, the EC/ EU has been highly interested in stability in …”

Israel’s motivation to agree S. 77-85

„… discontent with EC policy was the Europeans’ tendency to come up with independent Middle East initiatives …” „… participation at a peace conference Another case worth looking at is the issue of a Middle East peace conference …” „… and European participation in such a venture. The idea of an international Middle East peace …”

The EU’s special envoy to the Middle East S. 98-104

„… participation.249 3.4. The EU’s special envoy to the Middle East In October 1996, the EU Council of Ministers …” „… appointed a special envoy to the Middle East. Their choice was Miguel Angel Moratinos, Spain’s ambassador to …” „… Israel, an experienced diplomat who had been familiar with Middle Eastern issues for years. In 1991, he …”

Self-conception of Israel vis-à-vis Europe S. 226-228

„… the Middle East” on a matter-of-fact kind of basis. This view is based on Israel’s European heritage …” „… , characteristics that Israel and Europe share, and which distinguish Israel from any other state in the Middle East …” „… : in the EU’s view, Israel plainly is not European. The European Union sees Israel as a Middle Eastern …”

The role of the US S. 253-254

„… spheres, 1992. For a comparison of US and EU Middle East policy, see e. g. Watzal, 1995. 254 left by the …” „… . Likewise, the circumstance that the EU has not come to play a significant political role in the Middle East …” „… political ambitions in the Middle East has certainly been welcomed in Israel, it has hardly been the result …”

Hibernation S. 258-259

„… – this time – the US’ expectations: Israel’s embrace of the EU’s special envoy to the Middle East was …” „… and particularly in the Middle Eastern political arena. Arguably, this has been the Europeans’ central …” „… European Union in the Middle East. Israel’s openness can be presented as a considerable achievement to the …”

The politicians S. 121-123

„… which role in determining Israel’s behaviour towards the EC/ EU in issues of European Middle East policy …” „… accordingly also to European ventures in the Middle East. Rather, Europe has been venturing into a policy …” „… mechanism for sta?ng its European policy system with top politicians in issues of EU Middle East policy …”

Use the EU’s good services S. 247-250

„… peace process, see Gazit, 1989; for details on Soviet Middle East policy at the time, see Golan, 1992 …” „… Israeli-American tensions.738 Finally, Israel’s attitude and behaviour towards the EC/ EU’s Middle Eastern policy …” „… left its mark on Israel’s attitude towards the EU and its Middle Eastern policy, too. To Israel, simply …”

Conflicting visions S. 220-221

„… behaviour towards Europe but towards the Middle East. 4.9.3. Conflicting visions It has to be kept in mind …” „… in the Middle East – first and foremost, this is to say. As one of the South Mediterranean countries …” „… and how inappropriate it was to regard and treat it as one of the Middle Eastern countries and, that …”

Israel’s motivation to agree S. 89-97

„… Middle East policy making. For Israel, an EU stance on Lebanese a?airs and a plain French stance must …” „… new Middle East policy, and not as an EU 231 [Politische Stellen: Barak lehnte das französische …” „… in the Middle East and particularly in the EU’s Middle Eastern policy, traditionally taking the voice …”

A third leg – Counterbalance a possible decrease of American commitment S. 113-119

„… saying only Europe could help the Middle East whilst strongly criticising US Middle East policy. The …” „… comes to European Middle East policy. Let us now take a look at the actual actors in the policy system …” „… alternative to integration into Europe – which is not viable – and to full integration into the Middle East …”

Administrative units S. 123-124

„… to European ventures in the Middle East. Rather, Europe has been venturing into a policy field to …” „… sta?ng its European policy system with top politicians in issues of EU Middle East policy, however, is …” „… not fuelled by the ranking of Israel’s European policy but its Middle East policy. As such, Israel’s …”

An assessment after ten years S. 106-108

„… EMP as a tool of EU domestic and North-Africa policy, but not as genuinely geared at the Middle East …” „… commitment to human rights, pluralism and democracy, a Middle East free from weapons of mass destruction and …” „… the Middle East peace process, including even the Balkans, and has launched its own – albeit …”

The actors S. 97-98

„… EU’s special envoy to the Middle East In October 1996, the EU Council of Ministers appointed a special …” „… envoy to the Middle East. Their choice was Miguel Angel Moratinos, Spain’s ambassador to Israel, an …” „… experienced diplomat who had been familiar with Middle Eastern issues for years. In 1991, he was in charge of …”

Rhetoric S. 186-193

„… the Middle East. The launch of the EU’s New Mediterranean Policy had just manifested this interest in …” „… following their own ends in their policy towards the Middle East and Israel. 4.7.1.2.3. A policy change …” „… rejected the linkage of Middle East politics and EC-Israel economic relations. When Israel made peace with …”

Excursion: the EC agrees to negotiations – a success of Israeli policy? S. 134-144

„… , 1990. 368 On the Soviet Union’s New Thinking in foreign policy toward the Middle East, see Golan, 1992 …” „… foremost a Mediterranean non-member country, or on another level, a Middle Eastern country.372 As such, the …” „… frame of reference, would be hindered, i. e. its integration into the Middle East. Firstly, Israel would …”

The ministerial officials S. 119-121

„… central in Israel-EC/ EU relations when it comes to European Middle East policy. Let us now take a look at …” „… of European Middle East policy? The first candidate to look at, of course, is the Foreign Minister …” „… Israel’s position on a European participation in a Middle East peace conference, the Foreign Ministry’s …”

General outline S. 27-28

„… international system since the mid-eighties and of its changing position in the Middle Eastern system. The …” „… role the EC/ EU ought to play in the Middle East: the conflict with the European Parliament over …” „… the EU’s special envoy to the Middle East; Israel’s attitude towards the Barcelona Process and finally …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… European Union 39 2.1.1.4.2.1. EC/ EU Middle East policy 40 2.1.1.4.2.2. EU Mediterranean policy 41 …” „… environment 29 2.1.1.1. Global system 31 2.1.1.2. Subordinate systems 32 2.1.1.2.1. The Middle Eastern …” „… to agree 95 3.3.2. The actors 97 7 3.4. The EU’s special envoy to the Middle East 98 3.5. The …”

Images – Israel’s self-perception S. 50-57

„… the exception of Turkey, Israel is the only democracy in the Middle East and the only state with a …” „… therefore sees itself as a modern, Western spearhead in the Middle East.79 Israel is special in that it was …” „… contemporary Middle East. Israel is also unique inasmuch that – whilst other nation states developed on a …”

State of research S. 15-16

„… looked into much less often. EC/ EU Middle East and Mediterranean policy is relatively well covered …” „… are several analyses of EC/ EU Middle East policy but only a few of EC-Israel relations. Furthermore …” „… on common and conflicting interests that Israel and Europe have in the Middle East and the …”

The data basis S. 26-27

„… in the international system since the mid-eighties and of its changing position in the Middle Eastern …” „… around the question of the role the EC/ EU ought to play in the Middle East: the conflict with the …” „… ” Agreement; Israel’s stance towards the EU’s special envoy to the Middle East; Israel’s attitude towards the …”

Scientific interest S. 13-15

„… Israel soon found itself facing an EC that was pursuing a Middle East policy which Israel perceived to be …” „… looked into much less often. EC/ EU Middle East and Mediterranean policy is relatively well covered …” „… growing awareness of the centrality of the Palestinian problem to the Middle East conflict. The EC states …”

Levy’s perception of what was agreed upon with the EC in June S. 85-87

„… EC’s attitude and interests in Middle Eastern politics. It is di?cult, though, to establish what e?ect …” „… had strongly refused any linkage between Middle East politics and economic relations with the EC.203 …” „… upgrading relations – a significant role in the Middle East or anything else that the EC would not otherwise …”

Sanctions, threats and retaliation S. 193-195

„… policy and begin buying goods in Israel, since Israel also has the option of buying from other places …” „… ”. The timing of Rabin’s attack was all the more surprising – in the middle of the crisis over the …” „… could well do its shopping somewhere else, so the EC had better change its trade policy and begin buying …”

Index S. 323-331

„… 328 Mexico 45 Middle East Development Bank 181, 245 Middle East Marshall Plan 78, 245 Middle East …” „… , 122, 163, 164, 174, 201, 220, 225, 246, 247, 270 Netherlands 34, 177 New Middle East 54, 110, 150 …” „… , 36, 41, 107, 263, 265, 266 Common Foreign and Security Policy 34, 89, 95, 227, 241, 242, 266, 276 …”

Internal operational environment S. 42-48

„… the Middle East. In 2000, its arsenal included about 580 combat aeroplanes, 170 attack helicopters, an …” „… Beaumont & Urquhardt, 2003. 60 For details and a comparison with other Middle Eastern states, see Jane’s …” „… Middle East and the large gap in economic development between Israel and its neighbours caused Israel to …”

Abbreviations S. 11-12

„… (Köln: Deutsche Welle) MEDA Mesures d’Accompagnement MENA Middle East and North Africa MEPI Middle East …” „… 11 Abbreviations BERD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development for East Europe CFSP Common …” „… Foreign and Security Policy CSCE Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe DGC Inter-Ministerial …”

Confusion over Israel’s goal S. 146-153

„… status may conflict with another policy goal of the Rabin-Peres government, the New Middle East. It is …” „… the East European countries. The fact of the matter 440 May, 1998. On Israel’s immigration policy …” „… conceivable that closer association with the EU would hinder Israel’s integration into the Middle East …”

Conclusion S. 76-77

„… worth looking at is the issue of a Middle East peace conference and European participation in such a …” „… venture. The idea of an international Middle East peace conference gained prominence in the mid-eighties …” „… opposition against the Israeli government’s policy in the occupied territories. It was this peace-process …”

Perception of the EU’s attitude S. 228-231

„… Middle East policy was motivated to a considerable part not only by Europe’s supposed pro-Arab leanings …” „… looming status as a victim in the Middle East. Israel perceives a significant aspect of victimisation at …” „… conducted policy with the aim of victims nevermore, i. e. to never be victimised again. This policy style …”

EEA status S. 250-251

„… have much of a role in Middle Eastern politics at the end of the time frame investigated; it still …” „… ) enjoy with the European Union. Israel’s aim in integration policy has accordingly been to achieve full …” „… policy into words, further integration of Israel into the EU was wiped o? the agenda with the …”

Further measures S. 195-202

„… from its Middle Eastern Neighbours – it was Western, democratic, and much more European in character …” „… marked example of declaratory policy, Foreign Minister Levy thus tried to win the Europeans’ sympathies …” „… certainly is one of the EU’s fondest dreams to be on a par in status with the United States in the Middle …”

Motivation of the European Parliament S. 59-65

„… role the EC/ EU ought to play in the Middle East. Chapter 4 will then turn to Israel’s policy regarding …” „… issue. True, the principles of the EPC’s Middle East policy that were perceived as the motive to the …” „… meant that the quest for an international conference never really was government policy – as a matter of …”

Virtual implementation S. 257-258

„… the Middle East was used by Israel to simulate interest in progress in the peace process when it had …” „… – here Europe – in high policy decisions. Clearly, though, a significant EC influence in Israeli regional …” „… manifestations of the same policy approach. If the political climate between Israel and the EU is too cool for …”

Conclusion S. 88-89

„… East policy making. For Israel, an EU stance on Lebanese a?airs and a plain French stance must thus …” „… particular costs, and not a reversal of policy of any sort. 208 Baker, Shamir due to meet this morning, 1991 …” „… France’s participation in the group the greatest success of French foreign policy since World War II.214 …”

The German channel S. 254-255

„… tells Bundestag delegates, 1991. 255 the EU’s advances in the Middle Eastern political arena, which …” „… envoy as a dummy and bu?er against an unwelcome renewed US peace e?ort. Israel’s policy towards the EU …” „… has been Israel rather than the US that has played this card. 5.5. Israel’s policy style In our case …”

Background of Israel’s position S. 65-66

„… issue. True, the principles of the EPC’s Middle East policy that were perceived as the motive to the …” „… – not political in terms of peace process policy, that is.126 It was however an issue of economic and …” „… domestic policy as AGREXCO feared for its monopoly and put pressure on the Ministry of Agriculture, which …”

The future of the EU’s contribution S. 278-280

„… can be expected that both will only be ready for a warm peace and for integration with the Middle East …” „… : which stimuli in turn could Europe give for Israel’s foreign policy, particularly its peace process …” „… policy? There is potential particularly in the di?erences. As a consequence of Israel’s self-perception …”

Sign or keep negotiating? S. 179-186

„… ], 1994. 585 Ahlswede, 1998x; Ahlswede, 1998t. 586 In our context e. g. the New Middle East, the programme …” „… to computerise the education systems of the Arab world or the Middle East Development Bank. 587 [Das …” „… . 182 the EU Presidency, it could not reap the fruit of the EU’s new Mediterranean policy, the …”

The attitudinal prism S. 48-50

„… environment of Israel’s foreign policy system The psychological environment is the perceptual counterpart to …” „… that processors of Israel’s foreign policy system perceive them. It is these images that processors act …” „… prism of the processors in Israel’s European policy system. We will instead concentrate on the images …”

Exploratory talks S. 144-146

„… Commission indeed was quick to react to the change of realities in the Middle East. 418 A fortnight after …” „… success of Israeli European policy? It could appear so, considering that the EC gave up on all of the …” „… ’ European policy but of it peace process policy. 4.4.2. Exploratory talks Despite the warm welcome that the …”

Incompatible notions: European or special? S. 270-272

„… is required. Integration into the Middle East clashes with being special even more for the indeed …” „… 270 gional policy was more in line with European ideas than the previous and following governments …” „… policy, which so far had been deemed crucial to react appropriately to external shocks such as waves of …”

Portray behaviour as if caused by EU attitude: the issue of the deportees S. 255-257

„… 255 the EU’s advances in the Middle Eastern political arena, which were supported by the EU as a …” „… successful – but does Europe have an influence in Israel’s regional policy? In one particular issue, Foreign …” „… policy decisions. Clearly, though, a significant EC influence in Israeli regional politics cannot be …”

The research design: structured empiricism S. 21-26

„… , examples are ASEAN or the Middle East regional system, • influences can also have their origin in …” „… 21 basis for a probabilistic prediction of choices amongst foreign policy options which Israel may …” „… face in the future. 1.4.2. The research design: structured empiricism The model of the foreign policy …”

Aims in detail S. 153-160

„… ’ vision of peace and a New Middle East postulated a warm peace with Israel’s neighbours, as opposed to …” „… process policy and keep voters aboard. The upgrading of relations was interesting to Rabin and Peres …” „… because it would help them create and maintain public support for their main policy field – peace process …”

The history of scientific cooperation with the EC S. 132-134

„… isolated in the Middle East359 and geographically as well as politically isolated from Europe – in terms of …” „… policy tool: disapproval of Israeli politics has led to the EC boycotting scientific relations at times …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845219189

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Die Zukunft arabisch-türkischer Beziehungen

Sigrid Faath (Hrsg.)

Reihe: DGAP-Schriften zur Internationalen Politik

Band 2011

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Auswahlbibliographie S. 279-280

„… ties of Middle Eastern outsiders, Basingstoke Davutoglu, Ahmet (2008) Turkey’s foreign policy vision …” „… , Ioannis N. (2010) Matching ambitions with realities: Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East, Athen …” „… : redrawing the Middle East map or building sandcastles?, in: Middle East Policy, Washington D.C., Band 17, Nr …”

Inken Wiese Die Beziehungen der kleinen Golfstaaten zur Türkei S. 141-158

„… ideational bases of the Justice and Development Party’s foreign policy activism in the Middle East, in …” „… realities: Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East, Athen 2010, (ELIAMEP Working Paper 14), S. 7. 14 Vgl …” „… new paradigm, in: Middle East Policy, Washington D.C., Band 14, Nr. 1, 2007, S. 52-68, hier S. 54. 16 …”

Zur Forschungsproblematik S. 17-30

„… Turkey in the Middle East, Istanbul 2009 (TESEV Foreign Policy Analysis 10), . 16 Vgl …” „… Birand, Is there a new role for Turkey in the Middle East?, in: Henry J. Barkey (Hrsg.), Reluctant …” „… neighbor. Turkey’s role in the Middle East, Washington D.C. 1996, S. 171-178. 2 Vgl. Ian O. Lesser, Bridge …”

Andreas Rieck Der Libanon und die neue türkische Nahostpolitik S. 201-220

„… seen as an outset of Turkey’s foreign policy for the Middle East (…) Turkey’s participation in the UN …” „… of Turkish foreign policy and a reflection of Turkey’s stance toward the Middle East.“12 Tatsächlich …” „… (Auszug): „The Middle East today is unfortunately confronted with a series of problems and sources of …”

Martina Warning Mehr „Neo-Osmanismus“ in Nordafrika/Nahost? S. 87-104

„… Turkish foreign policy, in: Middle Eastern Studies, London, Band 42, Nr. 6, 2006, S. 953. Martina Warning …” „… the Middle East: The transformation of Turkish Policy, in: Middle East Review of International Affairs …” „… : Henri J. Barkey (Hrsg.), Reluctant neighbor: Turkey’s role in the Middle East, Washington D.C. 1996, S …”

Autoren S. 281-284

„… Autoren Ofra Bengio, Professor, Senior Research Fellow am Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and …” „… African Studies, Tel Aviv; Senior Lecturer am Department of Middle Eastern and African History, Tel Aviv …” „… state in the Arab world, Boulder 1999; The Turkish-Israeli relationship: Changing ties of Middle Eastern …”

Martina Warning Barriere, Brücke, Bruderstaat? S. 31-50

„… Turkey-U.S.-Israel triangle: Continuity, change and implications for Turkey’s post-cold war Middle East policy, in …” „… Europe and the Middle East: The transformation of Turkish policy, in: Middle East Review of International …” „… alliance to alienation? 23 Philip Robins, Between the EU and the Middle East. Turkish foreign policy under …”

Guido Steinberg Die irakisch-türkischen Beziehungen und die Einflussfaktoren Kurdistan, Iran, Wirtschaft S. 159-180

„… 1978 2. 2 Vgl. ebenda, S. 40. 3 Vgl. Mensur Akgün u.a., The perception of Turkey in the Middle East …” „… weltweit. Vgl. Middle East Economic Digest (MEED), London, 31.12.2010, S. 14 (A new dawn for Iraq). 9 Vgl …” „… . al-Iraqiya TV, Bagdad, 15.10.2009, zitiert nach BBC Monitoring Middle East, London, 19.10.2009 (Iraq, Turkey …”

Ofra Bengio The Turkish-Israeli Drama: From Alliance to Alienation? S. 105-116

„… world, and in the Middle East in particular. One result of such an endeavor was the establishment of the …” „… motivated by his own ambition to turn Turkey under his helm into the hegemon in the Middle East and the …” „… state has catapulted itself onto center stage as the rising tiger of the Middle East. Such achievements …”

Salam Kawakibi Die syrisch-türkischen Beziehungen S. 181-200

„… Syrian-Israeli peace talks in the 1990s, in: Middle East Review of International Affairs, Ramat-Gan, Band 5, Nr …” „… power, mediation, engagement and peace. We want a Middle East with high-level political dialogue, a …” „… syrische Vizepräsident Hasan Turkmani in einer Pressekonferenz am 3.10.2010; vgl. Middle East Online …”

Sigrid Faath Die arabisch-türkischen Beziehungen S. 257-278

„… eine Antwort geben zu können; vgl. Constantinos Prevelakis, Euro-atlantic or Middle Eastern? Turkey …” „… the Middle East’s freedom-seeking peoples?, in: Today’s Zaman, 14.2.2011, zitiert nach BBC Monitoring …” „… . middle-east-online.com/english/?id=44078> vom 3.2.2011. 38 Vgl. zum Beispiel Pierre Rasoux, What to think of the political crisis in …”

Guido Steinberg Die Beziehungen zwischen Saudi-Arabien und der Türkei S. 117-140

„… mit Erdogan in al-Watan, Abha, 9.3.2010, zitiert nach: BBC Monitoring Middle East, 10.3.2010 (Turkish …” „… . Laut diplomatischen Quellen gab es 40 Vgl. Middle East Economic Digest (MEED), London, 20.4.2007, S. 4 …” „… forderte sogar einen Regimewechsel in Syrien. Vgl. hierzu im Detail zur Rede: Middle East Media Research …”

Günter Seufert Die Gestalter der türkischen Außenpolitik S. 65-86

„… Murinson‚ The Strategic Depth Doctrine of Turkish foreign policy, in: Middle Eastern Studies, London, 2006 …” „… , share of Asian (including Middle Eastern countries) exports witnessed an increase from 10 percent up to …” „… 1991 und die enge militärische Zusammenarbeit mit 1. 1 „It [foreign policy, GS] was an area that was …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845232638

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Externe Demokratieförderung in Tunesien

Christina Forsbach

Reihe: Demokratiestudien. Demokratie und Demokratisierung in Theorie und Empirie

Band 10 2022

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

9. Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis S. 455-550

„… , https://en.africanmanager.com/tunisia-full-text-of-the-tunisian-us-memorandum-of-understanding-will-it-put-an-end-to-the-controversy/; 30.10.2020.Burns, William J., American Strategy in a New Middle East, Statement before the …” „… . Department of State, Middle East Partnership Initiative, 11. April 2011, Unveröffentlichtes Dokument …” „… /remarks-president-middle-east-and-north-africa; 27.09.2020._______, Remarks by President Obama and Prime Minister Essebsi After Bilateral Meeting …”

3. Externe Akteure USA und EU: historische Pfadabhängigkeiten und institutionelle Vorbedingungen S. 143-215

„… .131 Fest steht: Bush 124 Vgl. Hawthorne, Do We Want Democracy In The Middle East?, 2001.125 Indyk, The …” „… Clinton Administration’s Approach to the Middle East, 1993.126 Vgl. Bouchet, a.a.O., 2015, S. 118, S. 123 …” „… zur Beförderung politischer und sozioökonomischer Reformen an („Middle East Partnership Initiative …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… afrikanischen, karibischen und pazifischen StaatenBMENA Broader Middle East and North Africa InitiativeBTI …” „… (EU-Finanzierungsinstrument)MENA Middle East and North AfricaMEPI Middle East Partnership InitiativeMdEP Mitglied des Europäischen …” „… „High policy“-Ebene3.3.1 184„Low policy“-Ebene3.3.2 192Demokratieförderung als institutionelle …”

1. Einleitung S. 17-40

„… on Democracy Assistance from the European Union to the Middle East and North Africa, 2015, S. 3; für …” „… Middle East and North Africa, 2008, S. 48.22 Vgl. Prodi, Das größere Europa – eine Politik der …” „… , Legitimität und politische Herrschaft, 2017, S. 47; Schlumberger, Political regimes of the Middle East and …”

5. US-Demokratieförderung S. 257-316

„… Policy towards Tunisia, 2013, S. 92.198 Burns, American Strategy in a New Middle East, Statement before …” „… regionsübergreifenden „Forward Strategy of Freedom in the Middle East“ standen, ist ein knapper historischer Rückblick …” „… . Besbes/Abderrahim, a.a.O., 2018, S. 193. Später wurde diese Initative in die neu geschaffene „Middle East …”

7. Vergleich zwischen den Fällen S. 397-430

„… Analysepapier für das „Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution” im selben Jahr …” „… Mediterranean and the Middle East, S. 2: „Our geographical proximity is a longstanding reality underpinning our …” „… Beziehungen.10 Zwar ist mit der „Broader Middle East and North Africa“-Initiative (BMENA) der Anlauf erkennbar …”

8. Conclusio S. 431-454

„… dieser Kritik siehe auch Wittes/Youngs, Europe, the United States, and Middle Eastern Democracy, 2009, S …” „… Imagination der EU-Institutionen“15 und die Vorstellung, „that America could remake the Middle East in its …” „… Middle East, 2012, S. 6) zur Charakterisierung der Freedom-Agenda der Bush-Regierung.8.1 Nützlichkeit …”

2. „Unscrambling“ democracy promotion S. 41-142

„… ., Europe’s Uncertain Pursuit of Middle East Reform, 2004.151 Vgl. ebd., S. 13; ähnlich Burnell (a.a.O., 2005 …” „… follows that policy makers in a country like the United States who may wish to transform the government of …” „… al.(EU's Policy of DemocracyPromotion,2018, S.33–37)Art der SystematisierungAbgeleitet aus der …”

6. EU-Demokratieförderung S. 317-396

„… Neighbourhood Policy in the Wake of the Arab Spring, 2015, S. 20.175 Youngs, Europe in the New Middle East, 2014 …” „… Middle East and North Africa, 2015, S. 4.106 Vgl. Kausch/Youngs, a.a.O., 2009, S. 969.107 Vgl. Van Hüllen …” „… Interview mit Manfredo Fanti.2 Vgl. Huber, Democracy Promotion and Foreign Policy, 2015, S. 140; siehe auch …”

4. Von Ben Alis Reformkurs zum Hoffnungsträger des Arabischen Frühlings: Tunesiens Demokratisierungsprozess S. 216-256

„… , von der sie sich erst später distanzierte (siehe Anderson, Politics in the Middle East, 1999, S. 4).26 …” „… Maghreb-Staaten, 2017, S. 75.31 Siehe z.B. Bellin (The Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East, 2004 …” „… Bemühen der Ennahda um solch ein Image auf internationaler Bühne siehe Ben Salem, The Foreign Policy of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748935209

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Soziale Sicherung in den arabischen Ländern

Markus Loewe

Reihe: Entwicklungstheorie und Entwicklungspolitik

Band 7 2010

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Literaturverzeichnis S. 261-288

„… and Jordanian policy, in: Middle East Journal 62 (2), 277–303 Beattie, R. (2000): Social protection …” „… Sozialwissenschaften Feiler, G. (1992): Housing policy in Egypt, in: Middle Eastern Studies 28 (2), 295–312 Ferchiou, R …” „… ): Social policy in the Middle East: Introduction and overview, in: M. Karshenas / V. Moghadam (Hrsg …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 15-18

„… Middle East and North Africa MFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs, verschiedene Länder MIC middle …” „… USA und Kanadas) LCPS Lebanese Center for Policy Studies, Beirut LDCs least developed countries (am …” „… Palestine Refugees in the Near East, Gaza, Wien USAID United States Agency for International Development …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845223605

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