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The Olympic Games of the European Union

Eleni Trova, Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris

2011

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Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International Olympic Committee (IOC) S. 85-87

„… eir?regime?in?the?framework?of?the?volition?of?the?Olympic?Movement.?The?Olympic?Games?undertake?according?to?the?Olympic?Charter?a?role?ofsocial?reformer?through?the?freedom?of?contracts.The International Olympic Committee …” „… (IOC)The?International?Olympic?Committee?was?founded?in?Paris?with?having?a?legalpersonality,?on?the?23rd?June?1894?and?its?headquarters?was?transferred?in?Lausannein?1921.114 …” „… ,?Silance?L.,?The?Legal?Statues?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee?and?the?National?Olympic?Committees,?In?OARe,?pp.119-139.118 Olympic?Charter,?article?29?paragraph?4.119 Bye-law?to?rule?34.120 Article?37.87 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract and the Olympic Charter S. 90-95

„… ?of?the?Olympic?Charter,?the?elected?city,?which?will?receive?the?Olympic?Games?must,?immediately?upon?its?election,?enter?into?a?contractwith?the?International?Olympic?Committee …” „… ?Games.?This?is?expressly?defined,as?a?commitment,?for?every?Host?City?in?the?Contract?that?it?enters?into?with?theInternational?Olympic?Committee?for?the?undertaking?of?the?Olympic?Games.?Inthis?way,?the?Olympic …” „… ?Charter,?the?HostCity?Contract?is?indispensable?for?responsibilities?to?be?assumed?with?a?view?tostaging?the?Olympic?Games?and?binds?the?International?Olympic?Committee?andthe?Host?City?to?advance?all?necessary?actions.Through?the?Contract?the?Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Law 2598/1998 ‘Organization of the Olympic Games – Athens 2004’ S. 218-222

„… .?It?has?been?enacteda?few?months?after?the?city?of?Athens?had?been?entrusted?with?the?Olympic?Gamesand?the?Host?City?Contract?had?been?executed?by?the?International?Olympic?Committee,?the?Municipality?of?Athens?and?the?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee.448444 As?provided?in?article?37 …” „… the?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee,444 …” „… ?of?the?said?law,?the?Committee?of?the?Olympic?Games?(public?lawlegal?person)?has?been?renamed?to?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee?(HOC)?and?a?presidentialdecree?has? been?published? (no.?130/2000,?Government?Gazette? 113?A?)?with?a? view? toregulating?issues?as …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Bibliography S. 285-299

„… :?International?Symposium,?Lausanne,?14th,?15th?and?16th?November?2002.?Lausanne:?International?Olympic?Committee,?2003.Morange …” „… , N.,?Pierre?de?Coubertin.?Olympism.?Selected?Writings.?Lausanne:?International?OlympicCommittee,?2000.v. Münch …” „… L.,?The?Legal?Statues?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee?and?the?National?OlympicCommittees,?In?OARe,?pp.119-139.Silance …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Host City Contract and Olympic Games-the penetration of the Olympic Movement Rules in the national legal orders S. 88-90

„… ?of?the?Olympic?Charter,?the?elected?city,?which?will?receive?the?Olympic?Games?must,?immediately?upon?its?election,?enter?into?a?contractwith?the?International?Olympic?Committee …” „… ?autonomy?of?the?NOCs?is?of?pivotal?importance.In?the?vast?majority?of?the?states?the?NOCs?constitute?a?legal?person?of?privatelaw.?In?the?framework?of?the?Greek?law,?the?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee?recognizes? the? Hellenic? Olympic? Committee? as? a? legal? person? of? public? law? called“Olympic? Games …” „… ? showtolerance?and?respect?to?the?special?character?of?the?Games?and?have?not?challengedthis?contract.?According?to?the?contract,?the?Organizing?Committee?of?the?OlympicGames?(OCOG),124?the?NOC?and?the?host?city?are?jointly?and?severally?liable?forall?comm …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Law 2819/2000 ‘Creation of the Olympic Village 2004 SA, protection of the Olympic symbols and indicia and other provisions’ S. 224-227

„… )?dealt?with?organizationalissues?of?the?Olympic?preparation?bearing?mainly?on?amendments?to?the?legislativestatus?of?the?Organizational?Committee?for?the?Olympic?Games?that?had?been?established?by?Law?2598/1998.?Two?new?institutions?had?been? introduced?by …” „… ?Games?in?the?Ministry?of?Culture?aimed?at?the?coordination?of?the?ministerial?services?and?public?legal?persons,?whose?responsibilitiesbear?on?the?Olympic?preparation.?These?new?institutions?suggested?the?emergingtendency?to?detach?the?main?part?of?the?Olympic?organization?from?the?OrganizingCommittee …” „… ? itsfunction?rather?as?a?group?of?support?to?the?Interministerial?Committee?and?the?othergovernmental?coordinating?organizations?than?as?an?independent?coordinating?unit.Law 2819/2000 ‘Creation of the Olympic Village 2004 SA, protection of theOlympic symbols and indicia …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative delineation of the principles of the Olympic Charter and consequences thereof. The concept of the Sporting Spirit, of sports traditions and of the Olympic Ideal and fair play S. 71-73

„… ?theEuropean?Sports?Charter,?which?is?quite?similar?to?the?Olympic?Charter.?On?thesame?day,?Ministers’?Committee …” „… Intentionally?the?Greek?translation?of?the?term?has?not?been?attempted,?because?any?attemptto?render?the?meaning?would?divest?it?of?the?depth?of?these?two?small?but?meaningful?words.However?the?term?has?been?translated?for?the?needs?of?the?Bylaw?of?the?Organizing?Committeeof?the?Olympic?Games?–?Athens?2004 …” „… ?security?matters?and?got?involvedto?the?Olympic?organization?trying?to?stop?terrorist?attacks.Torino?also?asked?the?cooperation?of?NATO?for?the?security?of?the?2006?WinterOlympics.The?British?Parliament?has?already?dealt?with? the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The connection of the rules of the Olympic Movement with the Host City and hence with the legal order of the country that hosts the Olympic Games S. 90

„… ?of?the?Olympic?Charter,?the?elected?city,?which?will?receive?the?Olympic?Games?must,?immediately?upon?its?election,?enter?into?a?contractwith?the?International?Olympic?Committee …” „… ?the?country,?where?the?Host?City?is?found,?as?well?as?with?a?special?and?independent?legal?person,?the?Organizing?Committee?of?the?Olympic?Games.?This?contract?is?the?Host?City?Contract,?which?constitutes?the?principal?frame?of?the?Olympic …” „… ,?which?defines?its?responsibilities.?Intothat?same?contract?enters?also?the?National?Olympic?Committee.?Consistent?withthe?protection?of?the?freedom?of?the?will,?the?IOC?chooses?to?contract?with?the?cities131 Among? others,? s.?Gaudin J.P.,? Gouverner? par? contrat,? Presses? de? Sciences? Po,? 1999 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The international constitutional framework of sports S. 64-65

„… between?national?and?international?rules?of?law.?Each?legal?order/jurisdiction?decides?about?the?power/validity?of?its?rules?based?on?its?constitutional?provisions.The?Olympic?Movement,?having?a?powerful?international …” „… ? phenomenon,which?enters?into?contracts?with?states,?international?organizations?etc.?Its?autonomy?is?desirable?but?feasible?only?in?so?far?as?it?does?not?intrude?itself?into?the?statejurisdictions.?However,?the?Olympic …” „… .?The?Chapter?has?many?similarities?withthe?Olympic?Chapter.?On?the?same?day?the?Ministers?Committee?adopted?the?Codeof?Sport?Ethics-Fair?Play?for?sports.The?Council?of?Europe?on?the?24th?September?1992 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The positions of the Council of Europe about Sport and their contribution to the forming of a European perception about sports S. 65-66

„… .?The?Chapter?has?many?similarities?withthe?Olympic?Chapter.?On?the?same?day?the?Ministers?Committee?adopted?the?Codeof?Sport?Ethics-Fair?Play?for?sports.The?Council?of?Europe?on?the?24th?September?1992 …” „… ? havelooked?for?their?contribution?to?the?sporting?affairs.?Rules?of?relative?content?to?theone?of?the?Olympic?Charter?were?adopted?by?the?Council?of?Europe?under?an?intenseeffort?to?be?placed?among?a?unified?European?system.A?European?Charter?for?Sport?has?been?already?adopted?at?a?level?of?committeeof?Ministers?on?the?24th?of?September?1992 …” „… o?secure?the?compliance?to?it.?The?Councilof?Europe?establishes?certain?moral?obligations?especially?for?the?governments.Simultaneously,?the?Council?of?Europe?established?a?European?charter?for?sportson?the?24.9.1992,?that?was?adopted?at?a?committee …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The commercialization of the Games and the early violations. S. 259-262

„… ? all?NationalOlympic?Committees?and?International?Sports?Federations?explaining?the?necessityof?strictly?abiding?by?an?IOC?decision?to?protect?the?symbol?against?commercialexploitation.560559 Landry,?1996.560 Reported?in?IOC?General?Session?Minutes,?Rome?1923 …” „… ? InternationalOlympic?Committee?and?the?Rise?of?Olympic?Commercialism,?University?of?Utah?Press,Utah?2000,?p.24., Michalos …” „… ,?the?IOC?issued?a?circular?askingnational?Olympic?committees?(“?NOCs”?)?to?apply?for?legislative?protection?for?theOlympic?words?and?rings?in?their?countries.562?It?urged?NOCs?to:“?react?energetically?in?all?cases?where?the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The National Olympic Committees (NOCs) S. 87-88

„… ,?Silance?L.,?The?Legal?Statues?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee?and?the?National?Olympic?Committees,?In?OARe,?pp.119-139.118 Olympic?Charter,?article?29?paragraph?4.119 Bye-law?to?rule?34.120 Article?37.87 …” „… (IFs)Aiming?at?embracing?the?whole?athletic?phenomenon,?the?Olympic?Charter?recognizes?the?international …” „… ? independenceshould?make?sure?that?their?statutes,?practices?and?activities?are?consistent?with?theOlympic?Charter.Through? the? control? and? the? recognition? of? the? international? federations …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Ideological background S. 124-127

„… ?In?the?sameyear,?the?International?Olympic?Committee …” „… ?is?established?aiming?at?placing?sportat?the?service?of?the?harmonious?development?of?humankind?with?a?view?to?encouraging?the?establishment?of?a?peaceful?society?concerned?with?the?preservationof?human?dignity.?With?the?formation?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee?theglobal?society?acquired?another?institution?that?hoped?to?play?an?important?role?inthe?international?relations,?through?sport.257 …” „… Quoted?from?Müller, N.,?.?Pierre?de?Coubertin.?Olympism.?Selected?Writings.?Lausanne:International?Olympic?Committee …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic games of 2004 under Greek legislation S. 217-218

„… .?It?has?been?enacteda?few?months?after?the?city?of?Athens?had?been?entrusted?with?the?Olympic?Gamesand?the?Host?City?Contract?had?been?executed?by?the?International?Olympic?Committee,?the?Municipality?of?Athens?and?the?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee.448444 As?provided?in?article?37 …” „… A.,?Sports?Legislation?(In?Greek),Ant.?Sakkoulas,?Athens-Komotini,?2000.217the?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee,444 …” „… ?of?the?said?law,?the?Committee?of?the?Olympic?Games?(public?lawlegal?person)?has?been?renamed?to?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee?(HOC)?and?a?presidentialdecree?has? been?published? (no.?130/2000,?Government?Gazette? 113?A?)?with?a? view? toregulating?issues?as …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The revival, the Olympic Truce Foundation, the UN contribution and the EU attitude S. 127-130

„… ? OlympicCommittee?in?cooperation?with?the?Greek?government. The?International?Olympic264 Nafziger …” „… ?Truce? inpreparation?for?the?Olympic?Games?in?Beijing.?A?little?bit?later,?the?president?of?theInternational?Olympic?Committee,?Jacques?Rogge,?on?occasion?of?the?Lighting?ofthe?Olympic?Flame?in?Olympia,?on?the?24th?March?2008?referred?to?the?truce,272expressing …” „… in?Olympia.?It?was?jointly?organized?bythe?Greek?Government,?the?International?Olympic?Truce?Centre,?the?InternationalOlympic?Academy?and?the?Greek?National?Olympic?Committee.?Also,?a?New?IOCForum?on?Sport?for?Peace?and?Development?is?to?be?held?in?May?2009 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The integration of the ethical rules of sport in national laws S. 74-77

„… ?their?governments?with?reference?to?the?same?issue,?or?at?least?urging?theneed?for?joint?action.?If?and?when?these?texts?become?rules?of?national?law?by?meansof?accession?to?international?treaties,?it?will?be?interesting?to?examine?their?relationwith?the?rules?of?the?Olympic?Movement,?especially?if?it?is?the?case?of?states?thatentered? into? a?Host …” „… ?concerning?the?Committee?of?the?Olympic?Games?analogous?conceptswere?placed?within?the?purpose?of?the?Committee?of?the?Olympic?Games.?In?addition,?according?to?article?4 …” „… ?of?the?said?law,?beside?the?Committee?of?the?OlympicGames,?a?Special?Committee?was?established,?the?Sporting?Ethics?Committee94.The?goal?thereof?was,?among?other?things,?the?supervision?for?th …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International Federations (IFs) S. 87

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Charter S. 83-85

„… eir?regime?in?the?framework?of?the?volition?of?the?Olympic?Movement.?The?Olympic?Games?undertake?according?to?the?Olympic?Charter?a?role?ofsocial?reformer?through?the?freedom?of?contracts.The International Olympic Committee …” „… (IOC)The?International?Olympic?Committee?was?founded?in?Paris?with?having?a?legalpersonality,?on?the?23rd?June?1894?and?its?headquarters?was?transferred?in?Lausannein?1921.114 …” „… ion?has?assumed?all?the?features?ofan?international?treaty.?The?Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legal status of the Olympic organization and the legislative framework of sport S. 60-61

„… esented?by?its?Mayor,?Mr?Dimitris?Avramopoulos,the?National?Olympic?Committee?and?the?International?Olympic?Committee.?This?is?a?contractof?accession;?a?contract?that?has?been?signed?without?any?possibility?of?negotiation.?Becausethis?is?the?Olympic …” „… ?througha?series?of?interventions,?which?began?by?the?signature?of?the?Host?City?Contactbetween?the?city?of?Athens,?the?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee …” „… ?and?the?IOC,?by?thecreation?of?the?Athens?Olympic?Organizing?Committee …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport as a means of expression of the freedom of association S. 57-58

„… ural?character,?which?was?the?case?when?sport?was?principally?amateur.?Sports?activity?has?assumed?enormous?financial?dimensions?and?constitutes?asource?of?wealth?increase?at?international?level.In?the?beginning?of?the?1980 s,?the?International?Olympic?Committee61 …” „… ? InternationalOlympic?Committee?(IOC).61 …” „… The?International?Olympic?Committee?is?defined?as?a?concept?in?the?Olympic?Charter?andwill?be?examined?below.62 European?Commission,? document? 29/9/1998? (final),? The? development? and? prospects …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… The?International?Olympic?Committee?(IOC) 85The?International?Federations?(IFs) 87The?National?Olympic?Committees?(NOCs) 87 …” „… The?human?body,?the?international?society?and?the?fair?play?of?history 18The?relation?between?the?body?and?the?city 25The?historical?evolution?of?the?Olympic?Games; 26 …” „… The?freedom?to?contract?and?the?relation?between?the?associativenature?of?sport?and?the?Olympic?organization 61A?state?regulatory?framework?for?sport 63The?international?constitutional?framework?of?sports 64 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The dialectic relation between the Olympic Charter and the legal order of the Host City – The legal nature of the Olympic Charter S. 213-216

„… ?Charterin?relation?with?constitutional?rules?or?rules?of?international?treaties.?Certain?conclusions?can?be?drawn?from?other?rules?of?the?sports?law.In?our?opinion,?the?binding?character?of?the?Olympic …” „… ?Charter?should?be?soughtin?the?provisions?that?it?embodies?and?by?which?are?voluntarily?bound,?by?virtue?ofContracts,?the?Host?Cities?and?the?National?Olympic?Committees.According?to?the?Olympic?Charter,?the?Government?of?the?country?where?theHost?City?is?situated,?guarantees?the?respect?of?the?Olympic?Charter?(article?37.3of?the?Olympic?Charter)438.?This …” „… ?Charter?has?binding?effect,?which?is?independent?fromthe?national?legal?orders?or?the?international?law.?Still,?the?consequences?thereofhave?strong?political?bearing?on?the?cities?that?undertake?the?Olympic?organizationdue?to?the?significance?the?Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The end of amateur sport and the role of the IOC S. 58-59

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The human body, the international society and the fair play of history S. 18-25

„… ,? InternationalOlympic?Committee,?Lausanne?2003.16 De Coubertin P.,? Une?Olympie?Moderne? ,? in? P.? de? Coubertin,? J.-A? Samaranch …” „… ?Summer?Olympics,?in?Barney?R.,?[et?al.]?(eds.):Proceedings:?First?International?Symposium?for?Olympic?Research.?University?of?WesternOntario,?Ontario,?1992,?p.?78–87.Kidd …” „… B.,The?Toronto?Olympic?Movement:?towards?a?social?contract?for?the?Olympic?Games,in?Barney R.?[et?al.]?(eds.?):?Proceedings:?First?International?Symposium?for?Olympic?Research,?1992 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Bidding process and governmental support S. 233-234

„… ,?the?International?Olympic?Committee?(IOC),?after?a?technical?evaluation,?reduced?thenumber?of?cities?to?five.?London,?Madrid,?Moscow,?New?York,?and?Paris?were?nowthe?candidates?cities.By?19?November?2004 …” „… ?all?five?candidate?cities?had?submitted?their?candidatefile?to?the?International?Olympic?Committee.?The?IOC?inspection?team?visited?thefive?candidate?cities?during?February?and?March?2005.?The?Paris?bid?suffered …” „… ?political?finances.Nevertheless,?when?the?International?Olympic?Committee …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Bid Process S. 205-207

„… he?Greek?capital.?The?other?candidate?cities?which?were?claiming?theGames?were?Atlanta,?Belgrade,?Manchester,?Melbourne?and?Toronto.?The? finalvoting?of?the?members?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee,?took?place?at?the96 …” „… th?session?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee?in?Tokyo,?on?September?18th,1990.?At?the?final?round?Atlanta?got?51?votes?against?the?35?of?Athens.?The?dreamof?realiza …” „… ? International?Olympic?Committee?weremarked?by?great?arrogance”.426 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Special legislation introduced by the hosting states S. 272-280

„… ?A?).?Under?the?same?protection?have?come?the?name?and?the?businessname?of?the?Organizing?Committee?for?the?Olympic?Games?–?Athens?2004?and?ofits?affiliated?companies,?as?well?as?the?terms?‘Athens?2004’,?‘Olympic …” „… ? interlocutoryinjunction?against?a?possible?ambush?marketer?during?the?designated?protected?period.?Also?the?law?granted?protection?for?the?olympic?insignia,?deviding?the?protected?words?in?twocategories.?It?granted?permanent?protection?for?the?followingwords: Citius?Altius?Fortius,?Canadian?Olympic?Committee,?Comité?ParalympiqueCanadien,? Olympiad …” „… oduced?a?new?intellectual?property?right?the?London?Olympics?association?right?(“?LOAR”?),?the?right?to?be?associated?with?the?London?Olympics.The?proprietor?of?this?new?right?is?to?be?the?London?Organising?Committee?for?theOlympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova List of Key Abbreviations S. 13-14

„… International?Olympic?CommitteeIRB International?Rugby?BoardISDC International …” „… List?of?Key?AbbreviationsANOC Association?of?National?Olympic?Committees …” „… ASOIF Association?of?Summer?Olympic?International?FederationsAIOWF Association?of?International …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The interest of modern states in sport S. 59-60

„… ?organizations?is?dictated?bythe?fact?that?sport?affects?greatly?the?political?activity?and?primarily?the?electorateand,?hence,?should?not?be?left?exclusively?to?private?action.The?Olympic?Movement,?endowed?with?a?strongly?international?character,?butalso?with?the?possibility?to?have?an?effect?upon?national?associations,?constitutes?auniversal?phenomenon,?which?converses?with?nations,?international …” „… ?througha?series?of?interventions,?which?began?by?the?signature?of?the?Host?City?Contactbetween?the?city?of?Athens,?the?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee …” „… ?and?the?IOC,?by?thecreation?of?the?Athens?Olympic?Organizing?Committee …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The legislative regulation of sport in the Greek legal order S. 207-209

„… ?to?Athens,?hosted?many?provisions?inspired?by?the?rulesof?the?Olympic?Movement?since?the?beginning?of?the?century,?as?will?be?revealedfurther?down.?Such?an?example?is?the?creation?of?the?Sporting?Ethics?Committee?inimitation?of?the?IOC?Ethics?Commission.Therefore,?it?could?be?said?that?the?Olympic?organization?of?2004 …” „… ?Charter?as?a?whole.This?may?be?a?point?of?innovation,?especially?to?the?extent?that?the?protection?of?theenvironment?is?the?most?recent?pillar?of?the?Olympic?Movement.The?contracting?parties?were?the?IOC?on?the?one?hand?and?on?the?other?hand?apublic?law?legal?person,?the?Hellenic?Olympic?Committee …” „… ?highlighted?the?absence?of?the?European?character?of?the?Games?or?of?the?institutional?dimension?ofthe?EU?only?insofar?as?it?was?consistent?with?the?institutions?of?the?Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The freedom to contract and the relation between the associative nature of sport and the Olympic organization S. 61-63

„… esented?by?its?Mayor,?Mr?Dimitris?Avramopoulos,the?National?Olympic?Committee?and?the?International?Olympic?Committee.?This?is?a?contractof?accession;?a?contract?that?has?been?signed?without?any?possibility?of?negotiation.?Becausethis?is?the?Olympic …” „… ?to?a?large?extent?the?nature?and?essence?of?sports?rules?and?of?therules?of?the?Olympic?Movement.For?the?needs?of?the?present?study,?the?examination?of?the?above?issues?is?limitedto?the?Olympic?organization?of?2004?by?the?city?of?Athens?and?does?not?expan …” „… d?tothe?more?general?issue?of?the?implementation?of?the?Olympic?Movement?rules?inthe?different?countries?that?host?the?Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Games S. 85

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The protection of the human rights as a major objective of the Olympic Games S. 106-108

„… ?the?bodies?and?the?omnipotence?of?the?democratic?regime?and?the?of?the?ideology?which?stands?by?it.?At?the?same?time,?nongovernmental?organizations,?such?as?the?Olympic?Watch?(Committee?for?the?2008Olympic? Games? in? a? Free? and? Democratic? Country)202? and? the? InternationalAmnesty203 …” „… PlanThanks?to?the?leadership?of?the?Party?Central?Committee?and?the?State?Council?and?with?thestrong?support?of?all?the?Chinese?people?and?our?foreign?friends,?on?July?13,?2001,?Beijingwas?awarded?the?right?to?host?the?2008?Olympic …” „… ?and?the?organization?via?worded?rules,?sport,?placedwithin?the?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The limits to the autonomy of the Olympic organization S. 183-185

„… ?the?EuropeanSports?Charter,?which?bears?many?resemblances?to?the?Olympic?Charter.?On?thesame?day?the?Committee …” „… InstitutionsReasonably,?one?could?find?out?the?internationalization?of?the?Olympic?organizationand?the?interest?of?international …” „… The?Committee?of?Ministers?has?adopted?on?24?September?1992 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Athens: the first European Host City in the European Territory S. 205

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Games and the city: the Barcelona mythe S. 42-43

„… Johnson,?Maples,?and?Associates?Chairman?Smith,Members?of?the?Committee:http://www.iwar.org.uk/homesec/resources/olympic-security/maples.htm.39 Abad, J. M.,?Introduction,?in?de Moragas M./ Botella …” „… ?spirit?after?the?elapse?of?centuries.?The?importance?of?thispoint?can?be?understood?by?taking?into?account?the?role?that?the?modern?Olympicshave?in?the?modern?international?society.?On?the?other?hand,?at?the?sunrise?of?thenew?century?we?can?notice?the?first?Olympic?games?which?are?organized?in?the?EC40 For? the? official? report? of? the? Barcelona? Games? http://olympic …” „… ? Organizing? Committee,? of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Fair play in the Code of Sports Ethics of the Council of Europe S. 73-74

„… ?theEuropean?Sports?Charter,?which?is?quite?similar?to?the?Olympic?Charter.?On?thesame?day,?Ministers’?Committee …” „… ?their?governments?with?reference?to?the?same?issue,?or?at?least?urging?theneed?for?joint?action.?If?and?when?these?texts?become?rules?of?national?law?by?meansof?accession?to?international?treaties,?it?will?be?interesting?to?examine?their?relationwith?the?rules?of?the?Olympic?Movement,?especially?if?it?is?the?case?of?states?thatentered? into? a?Host …” „… ? the?Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Cassandras which were denied S. 48-49

„… ?the?president?of?the?U.S.?national?Olympic?Committee,?Peter?pouberoth?announced,?leaving?Athens?and?its?Olympics:?“The?Greeksproved?that?the?Cassandras?were?mistaken.”“Despite?the?criticism”,?according?to?Pouberoth,?who?was?also?the?president?ofThe?Los?Angeles?1984 …” „… ?Gasmes?are?a?gift”.Martin?Freizer?from?his?side,?dean?of?the?U.S.?Olympic?Team,?after?thanking?theOrganizing?Committee?for?its?exceptional?work?pointed?out:?“?We?came?to?Athensabout?1 …” „… Olympics,?when?Siemens?won?significant?contracts?in?providing?Olympic?infrastructure?equipment.45 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The London Olympic Games and Para-Olympic games Act 2006 S. 234-235

„… ?President?Jacques?Chirac's?statements?before?the?vote?that??We?can'ttrust?people?[the?British]?who?have?such?bad?food.?After?Finland,?it's?the?countrywith?the?worst?food.??Two?current?members?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee …” „… ?SummerOlympic?and?Paralympic?Games?in?London.?Along?with?the?London?OrganisingCommittee …” „… nitiesfor?young?people?in?sport?in?our?country,?but?also?for?the?Olympic?Movement.”Also,?Tessa?Jowell,?Secretary?of?State?for?Culture,?Media?and?Sport?mentionedthat:?«The?bid?will?be?a?huge?stimulus?for?elite?sport.?But?our?Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Constitutional Treaty Draft S. 171-173

„… This?treaty?has?been?the?major?accomplishment?of?the?sports?entities,?so?much?so,?that?it?hasinfluenced?big?exponents?to?congratulate?the?authorities.?.-??JAQUES?ROGGE,?President?ofthe?International?Olympic?Committee …” „… ?expressed:?“This?historical?advance?is?reason?for?satisfaction?for?the?Olympic?and?Sports?movement,?and?it?reflects?the?success?of?numerousattempts?of?the?International?Olympic?Committee,?the?National?Olympic?Committees,?theEuropean?Olympic?Committees,?the?thirty?five?International …” „… ports?is?a?big?step?towards?the?recognition?of?the?European?sports?structures.?We?hope?these?norms?are?applied?soon.?The?Sports?and?Olympic?movements?expectthis?specificity?to?be?included?in?the?treaty?of?the?European?Union?soon,?and?they?will?guardits?application”.396 Van de Bogaert,?op?cit.172 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Violence and Sport in International Treaties-The Council of Europe position S. 66-69

„… D.,? International?Athletic?and?Olympic?Institutions? (In?Greek),?NomikiVivliothiki,?Athens,?2007 …” „… ?organizations?do?not?perceive?the?participation?as?being?crucial?to?the?creation?of?a?democratic?governance?regarding?their?organization?and?function?like?theEU.It?could?be?supposed?that?there?are?sufficient?reasons?for?increasing?the?international?community?interest?in?sport?and?games.?This?is?true?especially?taking?intoaccount?the?number?of?the?spectators?and?the?political?influence?that?the?Olympic …” „… reates?a?Wider?Treaty?about?sport.?Mr?Terry?Davis,?General?Secretary?of?the?Councilof?Europe,?chaired?in?the?first?session?of?the?EPAS?statuary?committee?in?Strasbourgon?18?June?2007.The?whole?Council?of?Europe?activity?can?lead?to?the?conclusion?that?the …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The Olympic Games of 2012: London, the second European experiment S. 233

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The competitive relationship among the Olympic Movement rules and the state rules and the institutional balancing of each Olympic Organization S. 110-112

„… ,?Lieu?Ginkmin,?vice-president?of?the?Olympic?Games?cliam?committee …” „… D.,?International?Sporting?and?Olympic?Institutions?(in?Greek),?EnnoiaPublishers,?Athens?2005,?Panagiotopoulos …” „… ded?from?the?initially?educational?ideals?of?Coubertin?to?cultural?references?andenvironmental?purposes.Currently,?in?the?framework?of?the?Olympic?Charter,?certain?principles?are?applied,?such?as?the?sustainable?development,?tolerance,?international?piece?and?solidarity?among?states,?the?Olympic?truce,?a?vision?for?education?and?culture.220 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sponsorship S. 264-266

„… .570 IOC,?Olympic?Marketing?Fact?File.?International?Olympic?Committee.?Lausanne,?Switzerland,?2008.571 …” „… , B./O’Reilly,?N.J.,?The?Olympic?brand,?ambush?marketing?and?clutter.?InternationalJournal?of?Sport?Management?and?Marketing,?5(1.).580 Colantoni,?op?cit.581 Wei L./Kretschmer …” „… Olympics?are?the?event?that?is?probably?affected?the?most?by?this?phenomenondue?to?its?great?promotion?and?the?great?importance?that?the?Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 263-264

„… .570 IOC,?Olympic?Marketing?Fact?File.?International?Olympic?Committee.?Lausanne,?Switzerland,?2008.571 …” „… nown?as?“?parasite”?or?“?guerrilla”?marketing,?was?seen?in?theOlympic?Games?and?other?major?international …” „… , B./O’Reilly,?N.J.,?The?Olympic?brand,?ambush?marketing?and?clutter.?InternationalJournal of Sport Management and Marketing, 5(1),?78-104,?2008.569 Séguin, B. and …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 258-259

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sustainable development according to the Olympic Charter and the Host City Contract S. 114-117

„… L.?(ed),?Environment?and?Sport.?An?international?overview,?Faculty?of?SportsSciences?and?Physical?Education,?University?of?Porto,?Portugal,?1997.226 De Coubertin, P.,?A?propos? des?Rallyes,?Revue?Olympic,?Mars? 1907,? pp.? 238-240 …” „… The?environmental?protection?and?the?sustainable?development?is?considered?tobe?the?third?part/aspect?of?the?Olympic?Movement?and?the?IOC?has?already?acceptedthe?Agenda?21,?by?which?it?committed?itself.?On?the?23 …” „… ,? in?which?the?OlympicMovement?adopted?the?Agenda?21 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rationalization of the sports phenomenon in the framework of the Council of Europe S. 182-183

„… ny?resemblances?to?the?Olympic?Charter.?On?thesame?day?the?Committee?of?Ministers?adopted?the?Code?of?Sports?Ethics?–?FairPlay,?including?definitions?of?ethical?principles?as?well?as?a?definition?of?pair?play.The?Council?of?Europe?takes?active?part?in?the?protection?and?development?ofsport?and?recently,?during?the?9 …” „… ? ‘laws?and?practices’?of?sportsassociations?of?any?kind,?including?the?IOC?and?the?Olympic?Charter.?This?undertaking?is?for?the?time?being?theoretical.?However,?in?the?event?that?it?takes?effect,it? is?possible? that?an?all-inclusive?revision?of?the?rules …” „… ? that?govern?the?OlympicMovement?will?be?required.The rationalization of the sports phenomenon in the framework of the Council …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The relation between the EC law and the Olympic movement rules S. 163-165

„… EC?of?certain?regulations?adopted?by?the?International?Olympic?Committee …” „… ?With?the?host?city,?the?NOC?of?the?respective?country?and?a?special?andautonomous? legal? person,? the?Organization? Committee? of? the?Olympic?Games(OCOG).?This? is? the? host …” „… e?the?relative?rules?among?their?legislation?or?cooperate?viacontracts?with?the?sporting?organizations,?through?which?they?would?mutually?agreeon?a?certain?regime.?Also,?within?the?framework?of?this?effort,?member?states?shouldapply?certain?legal?regime?to?the?sporting?clubs/unions.The relation between the EC law and the Olympic movement rulesIn? every …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Composition and formation- arbitration agreement- competencydecisions S. 97-99

„… Proceedings?before?CAS?are?commenced?by?filing?a?written?request?for?arbitration?or?a?statement?of?appeal.165For?every?case?brought?to?CAS,?a?hearing?Committee …” „… ?There?are?also?special?provisions?about?the?procedurein?the?appeal?arbitration.?Each?hearing?committee …” „… ?selection?of?the?arbitrators.An?arbitral?award?rendered?by?the?CAS?is?final?and?binding?on?the?parties?fromthe?time?it?is?communicated?to?them.?Like?any?other?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Security S. 237-238

„… ?iswhy?security?planning?is?already?well?under?way.?For?example,?a?specially-createdOlympic?Command?Unit?of?the?Metropolitan?Police?Service?will?work?to?co-ordinate?security?planning?at?a?local,?national?and?international?level.?Also,?close?liaison472 S. 5.4.473 S. 5.5,?London?Olympic?Games?and?Para-Olympic?Games?Act?1006?Explanatory?notes.474 S …” „… anising?Committee?and?the?Olympic?Delivery?Authority?are?working?closely?with?Government?and?a?host?of?policing,?safety?andsecurity?agencies?to?achieve?a?safe?and?secure?Games.?London?and?the?rest?of?theUK?regularly?host?and?police?major?events?safely?and?securely.?In?all?likelihoodthat?NATO? assistance?will? be? asked? for? once?more.?However? it …” „… pplicant?for?planning?permission,?the?ODA'sdevelopment?control?powers?will?be?exercised?by?a?separate?committee.?Moreover,in?order?to?avoid?any?conflict?of?interests,?anyone?who?is?involved?in?the?exerciseof?the?ODA's?functions?in?relation?to?land?may?not?participate?in?deliberations?ordecisions? of? the? ODA? acting? as? a? local? planning? authority …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The London 2012 Olympics S. 50-51

„… ?Chinawill?try,?after?Athens,?to?try?the?power?of?the?bodies?and?the?power/prevalence?ofthe?democratic?regime?and?the?ideology?that?supports?it.?Simultaneously,?non-governmental? organizations,? such? as? the?Olympic?Watch?(Committee? for? the? 2008 …” „… Olympic?Games?in?a?free?and?Democratic?Country)?and?the?International?Amnestywill?insist?on?pointing?out?the?need?for?human?rights?and?their?violations.47The London 2012 OlympicsOn?the?27th?of?July?1012 …” „… .?In?the?framework?of?an?ideology?whichembodies?the?principles?of?the?Enlightenment?and?the?organization?through?rules,sport?as?part?of?the?international?athletic?movement?is?being?expanded/spread?systematically?and?with?the?frequency?of?every?four?years?which?follow?the?4?yearcircles?of?democracy,?promotes?its?positions?in?stadia?full?of?spectators.46 …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Human Rights and Olympic Games S. 104-106

„… ?tried?to?test?the?power?of?the?bodies?and?the?omnipotence?of?the?democratic?regime?and?the?of?the?ideology?which?stands?by?it.?At?the?same?time,?nongovernmental?organizations,?such?as?the?Olympic?Watch?(Committee?for?the?2008Olympic? Games? in? a …” „… Chapter?5Human Rights and Olympic GamesIn?1940 …” „… ,?the?cancellation?of?the?Olympic?Games,?which?were?to?take?place?in?Japan,because? of? the?2nd?World?War,?clarified? the? relation?between …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova In 2008 the world athletic society is hosted to Beijing. The importance of the Asian continent and the human rights crisis S. 49-50

„… ?Chinawill?try,?after?Athens,?to?try?the?power?of?the?bodies?and?the?power/prevalence?ofthe?democratic?regime?and?the?ideology?that?supports?it.?Simultaneously,?non-governmental? organizations,? such? as? the?Olympic?Watch?(Committee? for? the? 2008 …” „… Olympic?Games?in?a?free?and?Democratic?Country)?and?the?International?Amnestywill?insist?on?pointing?out?the?need?for?human?rights?and?their?violations.47The London 2012 OlympicsOn?the?27th?of?July?1012 …” „… ?states?participate,?the?biggest?number?ever.?The?Olympic?flame?for?firsttime?travelled?to?the?entire?world.?For?first?time?women?were?accepted?in?the?holyground?of?Olympia.?Women?participated?in? the?event?of?shot-pot? in …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The first Olympic Games S. 36-39

„… ?declared?the?poverty?of?the?country?and?the?International?Olympic …” „… Chapter?2From the Olympic Games of the Antiquity until the Modern Olympic GamesThe Modern Olympic …” „… GamesFrom the First Modern Olympic Games of Athens to the Olympic games of …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The effect of the Bosman judgment in the Olympic movement rules S. 159-163

„… ?With?the?host?city,?the?NOC?of?the?respective?country?and?a?special?andautonomous? legal? person,? the?Organization? Committee? of? the?Olympic?Games(OCOG).?This? is? the? host …” „… ?of?the?EC?Treaty;?nor?can?the?principle?of?subsidiarity?lead?to?the?limitationof?the?rights?provided?by?the?Treaty?via?the?regulatory?autonomy?of?the?sportingfederations?to?introduce?rules.357The effect of the Bosman judgment in the Olympic movement …” „… ? sport(clubs,?federations,?international?federations?etc.)?and?rejected?the?UEFA’s?positionthat?the?submission?of?football?to?the?EC?law?leads?to?the?attenuation?of?the?autonomy? of? the? sporting?movement.358? This? ruling? has? a? special? importance? in …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The tickets selling matter and the competition rules S. 196-198

„… e?OlympicGames,?and?subsequently?by?the?Agency?to?meet?the?needs?of?civil,?and?possiblymilitary,?aviation.Nor?does?it?seem?possible?to?invoke?another?exception?in?connection?with?reasonsof?extreme?urgency?brought?about?by?events?unforeseeable?by?the?contracting?authorities.? The? need? to? have? operational?weather? stations? for? the? 2004 …” „… ?OlympicGames?cannot?be?regarded?as?an?unforeseeable?event.?Finally,?the?need?would?notappear?to?be?so?urgent?that?the?deadlines?required?under?the?open?and?restrictedprocedures?could?not?be?respected.The tickets selling matter and the competition …” „… rulesOne?of?the?essential?components?of?organizing?sport?events?is?the?ticketing?system.Usually?implemented?by?the?Organizing?Committees?(OC),?it?is?not?unusual?thatthese?agreements?contravene?EC?Law.424In?the?Italy?1990?World?Cup,?the?OC?entered?into?a?w …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Responses to Ambush Marketing S. 270-272

„… rketing,?when?clearly?the?ambushers?use?protected?trademarks?or?symbols,?such?as?the?Olympic …” „… Th.,?Ambush?Marketing,?Strategies?to?avoid?it?or?combat?it,?in?D.Panagiotopoulos,?Sports?Law,?Implementation?and?the?Olympic?Games,?Ant.N.Sakkoulas,?Athens,?Komotini,?p.398.595 Moss,?op?cit.596 92?D.L.R.?4th?349?(B.C.?1992).597 There?are?5 …” „… )whichcauses?actual?damage?to?a?business?or?goodwill?of?the?trader?by?whom?the?action?is?brought.598 Davis R.,?Ambushing?the?Olympic …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The rule of law and the fair play S. 77-79

„… ?A?),?which?approved?the?regulations?of?procurements?and?of?designs-services?of?the?Organizing?Committee?of?the?Olympic …” „… playEqually?vague?as?well?as?important,?the?principle?of?fair?play?has?been?introducedto?the?Greek?vocabulary?in?view?of?the?Olympic?organization?of?2004 …” „… .If?fair?play?is?the?cornerstone?of?the?Olympic?Movement,?a?concept?of?equivalentsignificance?for?positive?law?is?the?principle?of?the?rule?of?law101.?Being?aware?ofthe?boldness?of?such?a?compariso …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Planning S. 236-237

„… ?iswhy?security?planning?is?already?well?under?way.?For?example,?a?specially-createdOlympic?Command?Unit?of?the?Metropolitan?Police?Service?will?work?to?co-ordinate?security?planning?at?a?local,?national?and?international?level.?Also,?close?liaison472 S. 5.4.473 S. 5.5,?London?Olympic?Games?and?Para-Olympic?Games?Act?1006?Explanatory?notes.474 S …” „… ly?clear,?therefore,?thatthe?sustainable?development?is?one?of?the?fundamentla?requirements?of?the?IOC?inthe?organizing?of?the?Olympic?Games.469 …” „… pplicant?for?planning?permission,?the?ODA'sdevelopment?control?powers?will?be?exercised?by?a?separate?committee.?Moreover,in?order?to?avoid?any?conflict?of?interests,?anyone?who?is?involved?in?the?exerciseof?the?ODA's?functions?in?relation?to?land?may?not?participate?in?deliberations?ordecisions? of? the? ODA? acting? as? a? local? planning? authority …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Education S. 198-199

„… principle?of?fair?play.?The?European?Commission?has,?along?with?the?InternationalOlympic?Committee,?supported?a?pilot?project?on?“sport,?schools?and?Olympic?values? in? Europe”? and? has? proclaimed? 2004? as? the? ?European? year? of? Educationthrough? Sport …” „… ,?the?European?Commission?ordered?that?ticket?sales?through?the?Internetfor?the?Athens?Olympic?Games?should?include?other?means?of?payment?than?onlyVisa?Cards.?As?to?Euro?2004?of?football,?which?took?place?in?Portugal,?there?wereno?reported?cases?o …” „… re?tickets(i)?through?a?MasterCard?credit?card;(ii)?by?payment?from?a?German?bank?account;?and/or(iii)? by? way? of? an? international? bank? transfer? requiring? additional …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova General S. 134-135

„… ?the?International?Olympic?Committee?banned?anabolics283 http://www.dopingjouren.se/page.asp?page=history.284 Tsounakos …” „… ., Drugs,?Health?andSporting?Values,?in:?Sport:?Socio-Legal?Perspectives,?London-Sydney,?2001,?pp.?253,?SoekJ.W., ?The?Legal?Nature?of?Doping?Law,?The?International …” „… doping.?So,?a?draconian?legislation?has?been?taken?into?action?in?order?to?abolishdoping?methods?at?a?national,?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and equal opportunities S. 199-200

„… principle?of?fair?play.?The?European?Commission?has,?along?with?the?InternationalOlympic?Committee,?supported?a?pilot?project?on?“sport,?schools?and?Olympic …” „… ? to?evadecertain?flaws?in?our?society?and,?like?all?other?continents,?is?affected?by?a?numberof?disturbing?developments?which?the?decision-makers?in?European?sport,?be?theypublic?or?private,?state?or?federal,?national?or?international …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The International respond S. 135-137

„… ?the?International?Olympic?Committee?banned?anabolics283 http://www.dopingjouren.se/page.asp?page=history.284 Tsounakos …” „… doping.?So,?a?draconian?legislation?has?been?taken?into?action?in?order?to?abolishdoping?methods?at?a?national,?international …” „… he?recent?one?of?Marion?Jones.?So,?society?could?do?nothing?but?tryto?face?this?problem?in?an?effective?way?in?order?to?eliminate?it.?The?only?way?wasa?draconian?legislation.The International …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova The evolution of the community provisions on sport S. 169-170

„… logue?mainly?with?the?Olympic?movementand?with?the?historical?events?too,?of?course.The?first?time?that?the?Community?presented?its?position?about?sport?was?by?theReport?that?was?submitted?in?the?Congress?of?Helsinki?in?1999?and?in?the?aforementioned?declaration?of?the?European?Council?of?Nice?in?2000 …” „… s?to?various?regional?policies?relevant?to?sport.?Sport?now?concernsindirectly?many?community?policies,?such?as?health?(doping),?youth,?education?etc.The?recent?Olympic?organization?of?Athens?showed?many?aspects?of?the?relationbetween?sport?and?EC?law.?The?impeding?organization?of?London?will?undoubtedlyshow?even?more,? since? the …” „… ?Concretely,?the?Community's?involvement?in?the?field?of?sport?remainedmainly?limited?to?the?funding?of?international?sporting?competitions?like?the?European?Sailing?Regatta?or?the?Tour?de?l'Avenir?in?cycling.?After?the?adoption?of?theSingle?European?Act?in …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Violence and misbehaviour at sport events S. 66

„… reates?a?Wider?Treaty?about?sport.?Mr?Terry?Davis,?General?Secretary?of?the?Councilof?Europe,?chaired?in?the?first?session?of?the?EPAS?statuary?committee?in?Strasbourgon?18?June?2007.The?whole?Council?of?Europe?activity?can?lead?to?the?conclusion?that?the …” „… re?is?asystematic?effort?to?lift?the?autonomy?of?sporting?rules?and?the?state?rules?and?alsoan?effort?to?achieve?a?unified?regulation?at?a?European?level.The?most?attractive?subject-matter?of?modern?sport?is?claimed?by?both?the?privateauthorities?and?the?state?action.?The?Olympic?Movement?can?do?nothing?but?facethis?reality?of?the?20 …” „… ? introduce?constitutionalprovisions?for?sport?and?greatly?interfere?to?its?exercise.?By?various?statutes/lawsthey?try?to?slip?into?the?action?of?sport?clubs?and?control?their?action.?At?the?sametime,?there?are? international?organizations? that?make?a?reference? to …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Freedom of the athlete’s establishment S. 191-193

„… ?EC?ofcertain?regulations?adopted?by?the?International?Olympic?Committee …” „… icial?competence?or?legal?basis?on?sport,these?two?sectors?of?policy?are?closely?linked.?Both?sport?and?mass?media?have?asocial?and?cultural?role?and?contribute?a?source?of?entertainment?and?communicationat?both?a?national?and?international?level.Furthermore,?both?sport?and?the?mass?media?have?a?great …”

Vangelis Alexandrakis, Panagiotis Skouris, Eleni Trova Sport and Competition Policy S. 187-191

„… ?EC?ofcertain?regulations?adopted?by?the?International?Olympic?Committee …” „… ,?the?Commission?adopted?a?Decision?concerningarrangements?relating?to?the?ticket?distribution?for?the?1998?Football?World?Cupmade?by?the?officially?appointed?local?organizing?committee …” „… I.,?The?New?European?Competition?Lawand?its?application?to?sports?activity,?in?International?Sports?Law?Review?Pandektis?(ISRL/Pandektis,?Vol.7:1-2,?2007),?Parrish …”

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Bildungspotenziale der Olympischen Idee

Stefanie Pietsch (Hrsg.), Gudrun Doll-Tepper (Hrsg.), Gerald Fritz (Hrsg.), Manfred Lämmer (Hrsg.)

2021

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Jürgen Mittag Die Autonomie des Sports im Widerstreit: Sportpolitische Herausforderungen der Olympischen Bewegung und der Olympischen Spiele im 21. Jahrhundert S. 213-242

„… Olympic Committee/Comité International Olympique (1908). Annuaire [Lausanne]. International Olympic …” „… Committee/Comité International Olympique (1949). Olympic Rules/Charter of the Olympic Games. Lausanne …” „… . International Olympic Committee/Comité International Olympique (1955). The Olympic Games: Charter, Rules and …”

Holger Preuß Die Olympische Bewegung und das Geld S. 243-268

„… . IOC (2013). Olympic Agenda 2020: 20+20 Recommendations. Lausanne: International Olympic Committee. IOC …” „… (2016). Marketing Report Rio 2016. Lausanne: International Olympic Committee. IOC (2017). Host City …” „… Contract – Principles Games of the XXXIII Olympiad in 2024. Lausanne: International Olympic Committee. IOC …”

Holger Kühner Vom Komitee zum Konzern – Das IOC und seine multimedialen Spiele S. 269-292

„… for the Presidency of the International Olympic Committee. Tauberbischofsheim. Bach, T. (2020 …” „… ., & Martyn, S. (2002). Selling the five rings. The International Olympic Committee and the rise of Olympic …” „… Rudolf Rother GmbH. Downing, T. (1996). A historical perspective. In International Olympic Committee …”

Petra Tzschoppe „Mit weiblichem Applaus als Belohnung…“Geschlecht und Teilhabe im olympischen Sport S. 165-190

„… Verbreitung der olympischen Werte. International Committee for the Deaf Der Dachverband für den …” „… internationalen Gehörlosensport ist das „International Committee for the Deaf (ICSD)“. Das Motto lautet „Per …” „… Sportverband (DGSV). International Paralympic Committee Der Dachverband für den internationalen Paralympischen …”

Volker Kluge Ein stabiles Olympisches Programm unter ständigem Modernisierungsdruck S. 111-140

„… : Brundage, A. (1952). Circular letter. Olympic Studies Centre (OSC). Czechoslovak Organising Committee (Hrsg …” „… Abstimmung mit dem Organisationskomitee der jeweiligen Spiele und den relevanten Internationalen …” „… die Stunde gekommen, eine Rolle im Sport auf internationaler Ebene zu übernehmen. Die Gelegenheit bot …”

Gudrun Doll-Tepper, Heike Tiemann Deaflympics – Paralympics – Special Olympics:Die Olympische Bewegung wird vielfältiger S. 141-164

„… https://www.olympic.org/news/ioc-signs-mouwith-international-committee-of-sports-for-the-deaf IPC (2010). 1960: Athletes Catapult onto the Sports Scene. The Paralympian, 3, 6–9. IPC (2012 …” „… International des Sports Silencieux (International Committee of Silent Sports), bekannt als CISS. Rubens-Alcais …” „… auch die Änderung des Namens der Organisation von CISS zu International Committee of Sports for the …”

Annegret Korff Mehrwert für die Gesellschaft –Sportgroßveranstaltungen aus gesellschaftspolitischer Perspektive S. 307-318

„… . International Committee for the Deaf Der Dachverband für den internationalen Gehörlosensport ist das …” „… „International Committee for the Deaf (ICSD)“. Das Motto lautet „Per Ludos Aequalitas (Equality through Sport …” „… Paralympic Committee Der Dachverband für den internationalen Paralympischen Sport ist das „International …”

Marcel Reinold, Justus Kalthoff Fair Play – ethische Grundlagen und pädagogische Potenziale S. 191-212

„… Fairplay (S. 55–68). Sankt Augustin: Academia. International Olympic Committee [IOC] (Hrsg.). (2017 …” „… Soll Zuständen, d.h. da nach, wie Menschen handeln sollen. International Committee for the Deaf Der …” „… Dachverband für den internationalen Gehörlosensport ist das „International Committee for the Deaf (ICSD …”

Martin Schnitzer, Thomas Schwarzbauer Was bleibt nach zehn Jahren Olympische Jugendspiele? S. 293-306

„… ). The evolution of Twitter communication by Youth Olympic Games organising committees. International …” „… , youngest? Analysing the athlete’s experience of the Singapore Youth Olympic Games. International Review for …” „… : Young Olympians' narratives from the first winter Youth Olympic Games. International Journal of Sport …”

Roland Naul Historische und pädagogische Grundlagen der Olympischen Erziehung S. 63-82

„… ). International Olympic Academy: The history of its establishment, aims and activities. In IOA (Hrsg.), 2nd Joint …” „… International Session for Directors of National Olympic Academies, Members and Staff of National Olympic …” „… Committees and International Sport Federations (S. 15 – 21). Athens: IOA. Geßmann, R. (1992). Fachdidaktische …”

Ansgar Molzberger Mehr als ein Sportereignis: Die modernen Olympischen Spiele – von Athen 1896 bis München 1972 S. 83-110

„… International Olympique beziehungsweise International Olympic Committee (IOC) nannte (Kluge, 1997). Athen 1896 …” „… Hintergrund wird der 23. Juni heute international als „Olympic Day“ gefeiert. Die Premiere sollte 1896 in …” „… the International Society of Olympic Historians, 26 (2), 8–16. Decker, W. (1996). Die Olympien des …”

Manfred Lämmer Die antiken Olympischen Spiele S. 31-62

„… Olympischen Spiele entzündet (2009/International Olympic Committee (IOC)/Juilliart, Richard) Die Teilnahme der …” „… OLYMPIC BASICS – Geschichtliche, bildungstheoretische und sozialwissenschaftliche Grundlagen Die …” „… , den slawischen Sokol-Festen oder den jüdischen Makkabiaden verglichen haben. Die internationale …”

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Zulassung und Teilnahme an Olympischen und Paralympischen Spielen als Rechtsproblem

Friederike Böhm

Reihe: Schriften zum Sportrecht

Band 61 2022

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-20

„… Verbindung mitIOC International Olympic CommitteeIPC International Paralympic CommitteeIPC-HB IPC-Handbook …” „… ZivilsachenRn. RandnummerROC Russian Olympic CommitteeRPC Russian Paralympic CommitteeRPW Recht und Politik des …” „… NJW-RechtsprechungsreportNJWE_VHR NJW-Entscheidungsdienst Versicherungs- und HaftungsrechtNOC National Olympic CommitteeNPC National …”

§ 4 Zulassung im Fall der Suspendierung eines NOC / NPC und Erlass einer Zulassungsrichtlinie durch das IOC / IPC S. 156-260

„… Division, Schiedsspruch v. 09.02.2018 – CAS OG 18/02 Victor Ahn et al. v. International Olympic Committee …” „… Victor Ahn et al. v. International Olympic Committee (IOC), S. 5 Rn. 2.13.§ 4 Zulassung im Fall der …” „… . International Olympic Committee (IOC), S. 5 Rn. 2.12.719 Der Originalwortlaut von Ziff. II 2 lit. b Abs. 1 …”

§ 1 Problemstellung S. 21-27

„… v. International Olympic Committee (IOC); Lambertz, Die Nominierung im Sport, S. 92; Niese, in …” „… Ahn et al. v. International Olympic Committee (IOC), S. 8 Ziff. 4.3.I. Einleitung25 …” „… Committee (RPC) v. International Paralympic Committee (IPC).21sich für eine kollektive Nichtzulassung …”

§ 3 Zulassung im Fall der Suspendierung eines NOC / NPC S. 121-155

„… , Schiedsspruch v. 12.02.2002 – CAS ad hoc Division OG 02/003 Bassani-Antivari v. International Olympic Committee …” „… https://www.olympic.org/news/suspension-of-the-kuwait-olympic-committee, Abruf: 25.06.2020.458 https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-20604739, Abruf: 13.05.2022 …” „… Olympic Games.“465 Engelbrecht, The International Sports Law Journal 2004, 8, 9 ff.; Schimke, in …”

§ 2 Regelfall der Zulassung; Nominierung S. 28-120

„… . 12.02.2002 –CAS ad hoc Division OG 02/003 Bassani-Antivari v. International Olympic Committee (IOC), Rn. 26 …” „… . International Olympic Committee (IOC), Rn. 26 f.91 In Bezug auf den Hauptvertrag würde hingegen anderes gelten …” „… Bassani-Antivari v. International Olympic Committee (IOC), Rn. 26 f.II. Rechtsverhältnisse41dieses ist gemäß …”

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Host City Contracts auf dem Prüfstand der kartellrechtlichen Missbrauchskontrolle

Lukas Höfling

Reihe: Schriften zum Sportrecht

Band 67 2023

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

1. Teil: Die Host City Contracts für das Sportjahr 2024 – eine rechtstatsächliche Erkundung in unwegsamem Gelände S. 39-162

„… Chappelet/Kübler-Mabbott, The International Olympic Committee and the OlympicSystem, 2008, S. 49.146 Regel 27.3 Olympische …” „… . Chappelet/Kübler-Mabbott, The International Olympic Committee and theOlympic System, 2008, S. 26; Mätzler, Die …” „… . Chappelet/Kübler-Mabbott, The International Olympic Committee and theOlympic System, 2008, S. 53; Zur Verdeutlichung ein …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 311-335

„… , S. 739-751Chappelet, Jean-Loup/Kübler-Mabbott, BrendaThe International Olympic Committee and the …” „… /host-city-contract-operational-requirements-international-olympic-committee?_lg=en-GBInternationales Olympi‐sches KomiteeHost City Contract 2024 – Principles, 13.09.2017, abrufbarunter …” „… 2012 OlympicGames, The International Sports Law Journal 2012, S. 66-67Literaturverzeichnis320Kersting …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-24

„… . 51Organising Committee for the Olympic Games(OCOG)5.53Dominante Position der öffentlichen Hand bis in …” „… 1.46Das Internationale Olympische Komitee (IOC) alsSpitzenverband2.47Die verbandsinterne Organisation …” „… Finanzausgleichssystemc) 4911Die International Sports Federations (IFs)3. 50Die Nationalen Olympischen Komitees (NOKs)4 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748919568

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NGOs als Akteure der internationalen Sanktionspolitik zur Menschenrechtsförderung

Sina Schüssler

Reihe: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Politik

Band 184 2012

Treffer in den folgenden Teilen:

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 11-14

„… MenschenrechtsorganisationIOC: International Olympic CommitteeISIS: Institute of Security and International StudiesIWF …” „… : South African Indian CongressSANROC: South African Non-Racial Olympic CommitteeSHRF: Shan Human Rights …” „… 11AbkürzungsverzeichnisAAB: Antiapartheid-BewegungACOA: American Committee on AfricaAdvoOrg …”

Regelungsmacht und Einfluss S. 180-191

„… wie das International Olympic Committee (IOC) Südafrika aus.8.4.3.1 Private internationale und …” „… politics« (International Olympic Committee 1949: 5). Die staatliche Antiapartheidkoalition drohte unter …” „… daraufhindas International Trade Union Committee for Solidarity, das die Position desSACTU bei der …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845238142

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