Economic Freedom and Market Regulation
In Search of Proper Balance
Abstract
Die Regulierung verschiedener Märkte hat in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Obwohl das Fehlen geeigneter Vorschriften sehr gefährlich sein kann, ist es dennoch wichtig, eine Überregulierung zu vermeiden, um die wirtschaftliche Freiheit als Grundlage des sozioökonomischen Systems in der westlichen Welt nicht zu gefährden. Die vergleichende Untersuchung deckt das Wettbewerbsrecht sowie die sektoralen Vorschriften des Telekommunikations-, Energie- und Finanzmarktes ab und dient dem Ziel der Überprüfung gemeinsamer Grundsätze, anhand derer die Maßnahmen verschiedener Regulierungsbehörden bewertet werden können. Der zweite Schritt ist die Festlegung gemeinsamer Standards für die Bewertung der Eingriffe von Regulierungsbehörden in die wirtschaftliche Freiheit. Das Buch ist nicht nur für Praktiker des Privatsektors von Bedeutung, sondern auch für Regulierungsbehörden der EU-Mitgliedstaaten sowie für nationale und EU-Gesetzgeber und berücksichtigt bereits die verstärkte Regulierung in der Corona-Krise. Mit Beiträgen von Robert Grzeszczak, Dawid Sześciło, Artur Szmigielski, Tomasz Klemt, Michał Dorociak, Maciej Sokołowski, Michalina Szpyrka, Paweł Wajda
Zusammenfassung
Die Regulierung verschiedener Märkte hat in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Obwohl das Fehlen geeigneter Vorschriften sehr gefährlich sein kann, ist es dennoch wichtig, eine Überregulierung zu vermeiden, um die wirtschaftliche Freiheit als Grundlage des sozioökonomischen Systems in der westlichen Welt nicht zu gefährden. Die vergleichende Untersuchung deckt das Wettbewerbsrecht sowie die sektoralen Vorschriften des Telekommunikations-, Energie- und Finanzmarktes ab und dient dem Ziel der Überprüfung gemeinsamer Grundsätze, anhand derer die Maßnahmen verschiedener Regulierungsbehörden bewertet werden können. Der zweite Schritt ist die Festlegung gemeinsamer Standards für die Bewertung der Eingriffe von Regulierungsbehörden in die wirtschaftliche Freiheit. Das Buch ist nicht nur für Praktiker des Privatsektors von Bedeutung, sondern auch für Regulierungsbehörden der EU-Mitgliedstaaten sowie für nationale und EU-Gesetzgeber und berücksichtigt bereits die verstärkte Regulierung in der Corona-Krise. Mit Beiträgen von Robert Grzeszczak, Dawid Sześciło, Artur Szmigielski, Tomasz Klemt, Michał Dorociak, Maciej Sokołowski, Michalina Szpyrka, Paweł Wajda
- Kapitel Ausklappen | EinklappenSeiten
- 1–6 Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis 1–6
- 7–24 Introduction 7–24
- Competition law
- The financial market
- The telecommunications market
- The Energy market
- Conceptualisation of qualitative research to address the needs of the research grant
- Theoretical background to the study: introductory remarks
- Material, personal and temporal scope of the study
- Research questions and assumptions
- 25–40 Chapter 1: The concept of independence of regulatory authorities under EU law 25–40
- Introduction
- Independent regulatory authorities - from a general concept to specific features
- Independent regulatory authorities as an EU concept - review of acquis
- Discussion - Is there consistent EU model of IRAs’ independence?
- Conclusion
- 41–68 Chapter 2: Between economic freedom and effective regulatory enforcement 41–68
- Introduction
- Importance of market regulations for economic freedom
- Economic freedom – general observations
- Economic freedom in European constitutional traditions
- The Foundation of the freedom to conduct a business in EU legal system
- Legal character of Article 16 CFR
- The scope of application of the freedom to conduct a business
- Limitations of economic freedom in the light of a legal certainty and a social function of economic rights
- The principle of proportionality and other guarantees of economic freedom
- Conclusions
- 69–100 Chapter 3: Methods and tools of regulating markets from a praxeological perspective 69–100
- Introduction
- Action’s originator: regulatory body
- Regulation’s efficiency
- Implementation of actions by means of regulatory tools
- Controlling, improving, and applying the results of regulation
- The importance of soft law in regulatory practice: results of empirical research
- Tools to interfere with freedom of establishment: results of empirical research
- Conclusions
- 101–132 Chapter 4: Regulatory authorities’ interference in contractual relationships 101–132
- Introduction
- The principle of freedom of contract: origins and content
- The principle of freedom of contract in EU law
- Regulatory authorities’ powers to interfere in contractual relationships
- Powers of the President of the Energy Regulatory Office to interfere in contractual relationships
- Summary of interviews concerning the powers of the President of the Energy Regulatory Office to interfere in contractual relationships
- Powers of the President of the Electronic Communications Office to interfere in contractual relationships
- Summary of interviews concerning the powers of the President of the Electronic Communications Office to interfere in contractual relationships
- Powers of the President of the Competition and Consumer Protection Office to interfere in contractual relationships
- Summary of interviews concerning the powers of the President of the Competition and Consumer Protection Office to interfere in contractual relationships
- Distinctness of the Board of the Financial Supervision Authority
- Conclusions
- 133–148 Chapter 5: The importance of fines in the market regulation process citing the example of the Polish telecommunications market 133–148
- Introduction
- Characteristics of financial penalties under Polish telecommunications law
- The nature of fines in Polish telecommunications law
- Functions of financial penalties
- Preventive function
- Regulatory function
- Repressive function
- The role of financial penalties in the regulatory process
- In what way may financial penalties jeopardise economic freedom?
- Legal (un)certainty
- Administrative recognition
- Procedure
- Conclusions
- 149–166 Chapter 6: Limits of investigative and sanctioning powers of competition authorities 149–166
- Introduction
- Guarantees of the protection of fundamental rights in antitrust proceedings
- The criminal nature of competition law proceedings
- Application of the EU standard of protection of fundamental rights in “internal situations”
- Limits of powers to perform inspections and searches
- The principle of protecting the confidentiality of communications between a qualified lawyer and a client
- Respect for the ne bis in idem principle
- Concepts of antitrust liability towards the nullum crimen sine lege principle
- Sanction policy of antitrust authorities
- Conclusion
- 167–186 Chapter 7: Balancing energy regulation: a day-watchman approach 167–186
- Introduction: pirates and angels
- The California energy crisis: a pacesetter left in the dark
- Californication of the electricity sector: a regulatory lesson
- Lights on regulation: a day-watchman turns them on
- European energy packages: cracking monopolies, fighting climate change
- Conclusion: sailors and devils
- 187–208 Chapter 8: Scope of regulatory discretion in the banking union in the light of judicial review of European Central Bank’s decisions 187–208
- Introduction
- The significance of judicial review
- Judicial review in the European Union
- The ECB as a supervisory authority
- Judicial review of ECB’s supervisory actions
- Landeskreditbank Baden-Württemberg – Förderbank
- Credit Muteul Arkea
- Caisse régionale de crédit agricole mutuel Alpes Provence
- Banque Postal/BPCE/ Confédération Nationale du Crédit Mutuel/Société Générale/Crédit Agricole/BNP
- Trasta Komercbanka
- Conclusions
- 209–230 Chapter 9: EU regulation as the sole substantive legal basis for the Polish Financial Supervision Authority to issue an administrative decision – an analysis on the basis of regulations under Article ... 209–230
- Introduction
- Recognition of netting agreements under the Regulation
- The provision of Article 296(1) CRR as a legal basis for an administrative decision?
- The theory of presumption of an administrative decision
- Legal basis for issuing an administrative decision
- Conclusion
- 231–248 Chapter 10: Financial market – in search of optimal consumer (customer) protection 231–248
- Introduction
- The importance of information in protecting financial market participants
- The role of financial market regulators
- Shift from consumer to customer protection
- Conclusions
- 249–284 Chapter 11: The open-textured nature of anticompetitive practices – in the quest for reconciling legal certainty with effectiveness of EU competition law in the digital markets 249–284
- Introduction
- The open-textured nature of competition law
- Application of competition law under “relative ignorance of fact”
- Competition policy under “relative indeterminacy of aims”
- The effectiveness of the EU competition law
- The requirement of legal certainty and specificity of prohibited acts
- Challenges regarding the application of competition law in the digital economy
- Divergent interpretation of MFN clauses
- Blurring the boundaries of antitrust law on the example of the Facebook case
- The unclear analytical framework of 102 TFUE in light of the Google Search case
- Proposals to reform competition law and policy in the digital age
- Quicker investigations and interim measures
- Commitments decisions
- Punishment policy and remedies
- Conclusion
- 285–300 Chapter 12: The inadequacy of regulatory actions to market problems on the example of the Polish telecommunication market 285–300
- Introduction
- Adequacy
- Adequacy of regulatory actions
- The main areas where the adequacy of the President of UKE’s actions is required
- Regulatory strategy
- Application of regulatory obligations
- Financial penalties
- Adequacy issues in the President of UKE’s activities
- Proceedings before the President of UKE
- Outdated market analyses
- Application of mainly sovereign case settlement solutions
- Focusing on the implementation of EU or national policies
- Conclusion
