@article{2015:stadokawecka:offender_e,
title = {Offender Electronic Monitoring in Poland: Expectations and Results},
year = {2015},
note = {Electronic monitoring was introduced in Polish law in 2007 and in
practice in 2009 in the area of the Warsaw Appellate Court, and then
in the area of other appellate courts. Since January 2012, it is
applied throughout the country. The principal aim of electronic
monitoring was to reduce prison overcrowding. Statistical data and
results of an audit conducted by the Supreme Audit Office revealed
that in practice the reduction of the prison population was much lower
than expected. The average cost of electronic monitoring per monitored
offender, although almost twice lower than the cost of incarceration,
at the same time was significantly higher than presented to the public
by the Ministry of Justice and the Central Administration of the
Prison Service. So far, no research on re-offending after electronic
monitoring has been carried out. The lack of evaluation studies makes
it difficult to develop evidence-based criminal policy, including the
effective use of electronic monitoring.},
journal = {NK Neue Kriminalpolitik},
pages = {158--170},
author = {Stańdo-Kawecka, Barbara and Grzywa-Holten, Joanna},
volume = {27},
number = {2}
}