@article{2018:ucko:learning_d, title = {Learning Difficulties: The US Way of Irregular Warfare}, year = {2018}, note = {Since 9/11, the United States has achieved notable gains against al Qaeda, and also Daesh, all while avoiding another mass-casualty attack at home. Yet, institutionally, culturally, and in its capabilities, the United States government remains seriously ill-equipped for the task of countering irregular threats. Partly as a result, Islamist extremism shows no sign of being defeated, having instead metastasized since 9/11 and spread. Why, given the importance accorded to counterterrorism, has the US approach remained inadequate? What is impeding more fundamental reforms? The chapter evaluates the United States’ way of irregular warfare: its troubled engagement with counterinsurgency and its problematic search for lower-cost and lower-risk ways of combating terrorism. It suggests needed reforms but acknowledges also the unlikelihood of change.}, journal = {S&F Sicherheit und Frieden}, pages = {21--26}, author = {Ucko, David H.}, volume = {36}, number = {1} }