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Jens Peter Schmidt, Fabian Hübener - New Digital Markets Act

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Jens Peter Schmidt (ed.), Fabian Hübener (ed.)

New Digital Markets Act

2023

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Johanna Krauskopf, Markus Brösamle Chapter 8 Market investigations (Art. 16–19 DMA) S. 63-73

„… , deadlines, and investigative and enforcement powers in relation to market investigations.The European …” „… CHAPTER 8MARKET INVESTIGATIONS (ART. 16–19 DMA)Johanna Krauskopf/Markus BrösamleBibliography …” „… , ‘Sektoruntersuchungen’, WuW 2010, 258; Fletcher, ‘Market Investigation for Digital Platforms: Panacea or Complement …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… companies in antitrust investigations.Prof. Dr. Oliver BudzinskiOliver Budzinski is Professor of Economic …” „… and EU State aid law related compliance issues and internal investigations.Dr. Jochen Hegener, LL.M …” „… and internal investigations.AuthorsXVILumine van Uden, LL.MLumine van Uden is a senior associate in …”

Jens Peter Schmidt Chapter 12 Third-party rights before the European Commission and national authorities S. 107-111

„… context of a market investigation into systematic non-compliance (Art. 18 DMA …” „… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17E. Consultation in the context of a market investigation into new services and new practices (Art …” „… Schmidt 1099101112for third parties to initiate possible investigations. It remains to be seen, however …”

Annex: Digital Markets Act S. 177-254

„… enforcement occurs ex post and requires an extensive investigation of often very complex facts on a case by …” „… Act183services obstructs the investigation by failing to comply with the investigative measures taken …” „… assessment can only be done in light of a market investigation, while taking into account the quantitative …”

Index S. 255-260

„… 6 8– market investigation 8 20 et seqq.– specificity 6 7– suspension 5 24Conflict of laws 13 163 …” „… act 6 8– market investigation 8 21 et seqq.Designation 3 11 et seqq., 4 1 et seqq.– constitutive …” „… investigation 4 17, 8 9 et seqq.– notification 4 4– notification, content 4 6– notification, format 4 7 …”

Markus Brösamle, Johanna Krauskopf Chapter 4 Designation as a gatekeeper (Art. 3 DMA) S. 29-35

„… presumption. In such cases, the procedure is supported by a market investigation (Art. 3(8) and 17 DMA). The …” „… for the assessment and designation. In the event a market investigation is conducted – especially if …” „… (45 working days) without conducting a market investigation (Art. 3(5) subpara. 2 DMA) if the …”

Markus Brösamle, Emilia Etz Chapter 11 Role of national authorities and courts S. 96-106

„… market investigations (Art. 16 et seqq. DMA) and, last but not least, imposing fines and penalty payments …” „… national authorities in market investigations (→ Ch. 8 mn. 31) (Art. 16(5) DMA). This is necessary to …” „… launch an investigation on gatekeepers, to impose obligations on gatekeepers or conduct investigations as …”

Fabian Hübener, Raphael Reims Chapter 10 EU penalties, investigative powers and legal protection S. 80-95

„… , competition authorities in the Member States can also initiate investigations into a DMA infringement on their …” „… the purpose of a market investigation or proceedings in respect of an infringement. Each interruption …” „… . This first of all requires a market investigation in which, in principle, according to Art. 18(1) sent …”

Jens Peter Schmidt Chapter 1 The DMA at a glance S. 1-2

„… can launch a market investigation if it wishes to (i) designate a company as a gatekeeper outside the …” „… investigations against gatekeepers regarding possible infringements of the DMA obligations in the 1 Regulation …”

Jens Peter Schmidt Chapter 9 Merger control (Art. 14 DMA) S. 74-79

„… , Commercial and Administrative Law, ‘Investigation of Competition in Digital Markets Report 2020’ (2.10.2020 …” „… rationale, value, merger control notification requirements and status of notifications/investigations). The …” „… and can be a useful factor for consideration in the context of the market investigations (rec. 71 DMA …”

Lucas Gasser, Jochen Hegener Chapter 6 Conduct obligations for gatekeepers (Art. 5–7 DMA) S. 41-58

„… delegated act of the European Commission, as provided for in Art. 12 DMA following a market investigation …” „… : Commission opens investigation into possible anticompetitive conduct of Facebook’ (4.6.2021 …” „… as a web crawler. In the 37 Cf. European Commission, ‘Antitrust: Commission opens investigations into …”

Rick Cornelissen, Lumine van Uden I. Private enforcement in the Netherlands S. 153-164

„… powers to monitor compliance with the DMA, initiate investigations and exchange information with the …” „… conflicting decisions, however, the Dutch court could stay the proceedings during an investigation by the …”

Markus Brösamle, Miriam Swamy-von Zastrow Chapter 5 Review by the European Commission (Art. 4 DMA) S. 36-40

„… Commission within the context of a market investigation (Art. 17 and 18 DMA) are particularly noteworthy. In …”

Miriam Swamy-von Zastrow, Robert Pahlen Chapter 3 Gatekeepers (Art. 2 DMA) S. 23-28

„… Pahlen 27121314151617DMA (market investigation, → Ch. 8 mn. 9 et seqq.; for more detail, → Ch. 4 mn. 17 …”

Henner Schläfke, Immo Schuler B. Basis for private enforcement of the DMA S. 116-125

„… have the relevant powers under the law of their Member State to carry out preliminary investigations …”

Juliane Mendelsohn, Oliver Budzinski Chapter 2 DMA: background, objectives, and its relationship to competition law S. 3-22

„… Administrative Law, ‘Investigation of Competition in Digital Markets Report 2020’ (2.10.2020 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783748937067

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Hans-Holger Herrnfeld, Dominik Brodowski, Christoph Burchard

European Public Prosecutor's Office

2021

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Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 28 Conducting the investigation S. 246-261

„… than exercising the right of evocation – only to find out in the course of further investigations that …” „… investigations, but also taking due account of the interests of the suspects, an unnecessary back and force …” „… transfer of proceedings should be avoided. Article 28 Conducting the investigation 1. The European …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 31 Cross-border investigations S. 282-301

„… the effectiveness of investigations by providing the EDPs with a sufficient toolbox. The question of …” „… compromise: firstly, it does not set out directly the scope and limitations of investigation measures, which …” „… . Secondly, it sets out one limitation to investigation measures, which is directly applicable to …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 35 Termination of the investigation S. 321-329

„… investigations, typical questions that may arise in case of a cross-border transfer of proceedings – to which the …” „… one Member State whose authorities would be competent to take over the EPPO’s investigation, may lead …” „… Member State’s authorities in such a situation should be competent to continue the EPPO’s investigation …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 30 Investigation measures and other measures S. 268-282

„… or servant is implicated in a crime. SECTION 2 Rules on investigation measures and other measures …” „… Article 30 Investigation measures and other measures 1. At least in cases where the offence subject to the …” „… investigation is punishable by a maximum penalty of at least 4 years of imprisonment, Member States shall ensure …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 26 Initiation of investigations and allocation of competences within the EPPO S. 213-234

„… CHAPTER V RULES OF PROCEDURE ON INVESTIGATIONS, INVESTIGATION MEASURES, PROSECUTION AND …” „… ALTERNATIVES TO PROSECUTION SECTION 1 Rules on investigations Article 26 Initiation of investigations and …” „… an investigation and note this in the case management system. 2. Where upon verification in …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 34 Referrals and transfers of proceedings to the national authorities S. 309-321

„… in the interest of the efficiency of investigations/prosecution. However, again as in Article 27(8 …” „… authorities 1. Where an investigation conducted by the EPPO reveals that the facts subject to investigation do …” „… . 2. Where an investigation conducted by the EPPO reveals that the specific conditions for the …”

Introduction Hans-Holger Herrnfeld S. 1-11

„… investigations/prosecutions by the EPPO, it would inevitably create unequal treatment and frictions within the individual …” „… reinforcing procedural safeguards in investigations: A step-by-step approach to accompany the establishment of …” „… proposal to establish the EPPO as a new Union body with an exclusive competence for the investigation and …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 50 Time-limits for the storage of operational personal data S. 477-479

„… investigations/prosecutions leading to an acquittal or a criminal sentence in the case in question. As follows from paragraph …” „… ” as such. The responsibility and competence to undertake investigations rests with the European …” „… European Delegated Prosecutors concerned”. This may be an assisting EDP who undertook certain investigation …”

Christoph Burchard Article 9 The College S. 64-74

„… investigations/prosecutions. 9 For example, the determination of a forum Member State is regulated in Article 26(4) and …” „… investigation strategy of the EPPO. General oversight (Article 9(2)) General remarks Pursuant to Article 9(2 …” „… in charge of devising an investigation and prosecution policy,10 which also heeds evocations (Article …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 96 General provisions S. 566-576

„… the EDPs in the course of the investigations/prosecutions which they conduct. Article 17(2) of …” „… out criminal investigations and prosecutions at Union level is unique.” This recital, again, needs to …” „… exercise of their investigation and prosecution powers, any orders, guidelines or instructions other than …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 101 Relations with OLAF S. 595-611

„… actions set out in paragraph 3, where the EPPO conducts a criminal investigation in accordance with this …” „… Regulation, OLAF shall not open any parallel administrative investigation into the same facts. 3. In the …” „… course of an investigation by the EPPO, the EPPO may request OLAF, in accordance with OLAF’s mandate, to …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 27 Right of evocation S. 234-246

„… measures necessary, under national law, to ensure effective investigation and prosecution. 3. If the EPPO …” „… investigation in respect of a criminal offence for which it could be competent is already undertaken by the …” „… refrain from carrying out further acts of investigation in respect of the same offence. 6. The right of …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 24 Reporting, registration and verification of information S. 178-195

„… initiates an investigation in respect of a criminal offence for which the EPPO could exercise its competence …” „… an investigation, it appears to the competent judicial or law enforcement authority of a Member State …” „… that an investigation concerns such an offence, that authority shall without undue delay inform the …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 29 Lifting privileges or immunities S. 261-268

„… Central Office to support the EDPs’ in the investigations conducted by them, such as e.g. by providing …” „… financial or technical analysis of documents or other objects seized in the course of an investigation …” „… personally assume the responsibility for handling the investigations in a particular case are the result of a …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 25 Exercise of the competence of the EPPO S. 195-213

„… by initiating an investigation under Article 26 or by deciding to use its right of evocation under …” „… repercussions at Union level which require an investigation to be conducted by the EPPO; or (b) officials or …” „… shall decide who is to be competent for the investigation of the case. Member States shall specify the …”

COUNCIL REGULATION (EU) 2017/1939 S. 683-771

„… prejudice to Member States’ national systems concerning the way in which criminal investigations are …” „… . 29). Regulation (EU) 2017/1939 684 (16) Since the EPPO is to be granted powers of investigation and …” „… investigations and prosecutions, whether they involve one or several Member States. The structure should also …”

Christoph Burchard Article 12 The European Prosecutors S. 89-98

„… Prosecutors shall supervise the investigations and prosecutions for which the European Delegated Prosecutors …” „… , except the possibility to conduct an investigation provided for in Article 28(4). 2. A European …” „… of investigations and prosecutions in the European Prosecutor’s Member State of origin, or a personal …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 110 OLAF and the Court of Auditors S. 652-654

„… investigations by the European Anti-Fraud Office (OLAF)1), and shall adopt the appropriate provisions applicable …” „… out investigations, including on-the-spot checks and inspections, in accordance with the provisions …” „… of Auditors and OLAF to conduct such audits and investigations, according to their respective …”

Christoph Burchard Article 13 The European Delegated Prosecutors S. 98-104

„… another European Delegated Prosecutor or to conduct the investigations personally in exceptional cases …” „… ); – Article 31(6) (intervene in matters of cross-border investigations); Article 35(1) (forward the summary of …” „… the investigations and the draft decision of the European Delegated Prosecutor to the competent …”

Christoph Burchard Article 5 Basic principles of the activities S. 20-32

„… on investigations, investigation measures, prosecution and alternatives to prosecution). – Generally …” „… of an investigation until a case has been finally disposed of, i.e. until a final verdict or decision …” „… “investigation, prosecution, and bringing to judgment” are ill-advised. All the more so as the Regulation …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 39 Dismissal of the case S. 356-371

„… evidence. 2. A decision in accordance with paragraph 1 shall not bar further investigations on the basis of …” „… the decision. The decision to reopen investigations on the basis of such new facts shall be taken by …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 II. Reopening investigations (Article 39(2 …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 102 Relations with Europol S. 611-616

„… their cooperation. 2. Where necessary for the purpose of its investigations, the EPPO shall be able to …” „… competence, and may also ask Europol to provide analytical support to a specific investigation conducted by …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 B. Europol and its role in the investigation of PIF offences …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 91 Budget S. 553-559

„… not include costs related to investigation measures carried out by competent national authorities or …” „… its investigation and prosecution activities as set out in paragraph 6. The operational expenditure …” „… an exceptionally costly investigation measure is carried out on behalf of the EPPO, the European …”

Christoph Burchard Article 8 Structure of the EPPO S. 41-64

„… national level not as important as the central level, nor are the investigations and prosecutions, as they …” „… European Prosecutor (central level) to conduct the investigation personally, inter alia by instructing the …” „… cross-border investigations. 9 See e.g. Article 10(1)[1]: The internal rules of procedure of the EPPO are to …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 100 Relations with Eurojust S. 583-595

„… 100 mn. 28. C. Assessment Due to its hybrid structure and its activities in investigation and …” „… cases, including by: (a) sharing information, including personal data, on its investigations in …” „… its role in the investigation and prosecution of PIF offences . . . 3 I. Eurojust: legal basis …”

Christoph Burchard Article 10 The Permanent Chambers S. 74-87

„… random allocation. 2. The Permanent Chambers shall monitor and direct the investigations and prosecutions …” „… . They shall also ensure the coordination of investigations and prosecutions in cross-border cases, and …” „… in accordance with Article 34(1), (2), (3) or (6); (e) to reopen an investigation in accordance with …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 117 Notifications S. 667-671

„… ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 D. Notification of limitations to specific investigation measures (Article 117 sentence 5 …” „… limitation of specific investigation measures (sentence 5, infra → mn. 10). Additionally, sentence 4 adds a …” „… specific investigation and prosecution authorities in the Member States requiring definition and …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 45 Case files of the EPPO S. 447-453

„… 72(1)). Article 45 Case files of the EPPO 1. Where the EPPO decides to open an investigation or …” „… the European Delegated Prosecutor that relates to the investigation or prosecution by the EPPO. Once …” „… an investigation has been opened, the information from the register referred to in Article 44(4)(a …”

DIRECTIVE (EU) 2017/1371 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL S. 771-798

„… cross-border investigations which this entails, each Member State should establish its jurisdiction in order to …” „… to those Member States which do not set limitation periods for investigation, prosecution and …” „… facilitate coordination of their investigations. Such assistance should not entail the participation of the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 43 Access to information by the EPPO S. 441-443

„… investigation and law enforcement databases, as well as other relevant registers of public authorities, under …” „… EDPs are able to obtain any relevant information stored in “national criminal investigation and law …” „… decision, in accordance with Article 28(4), to conduct the investigation personally. Whether certain …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 109 Transparency S. 650-652

„… particular if it relates to the highly sensitive area of criminal justice, but also with investigation and …” „… European Delegated Prosecutor that relates to the investigation or prosecution by the EPPO“ (Article …” „… Article 24” (Article 44(4)(a)), there is a need to differentiate. “Once an investigation has been opened …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 36 Prosecution before national Courts S. 329-345

„… that Member States’ authorities may not have given sufficient priority to the investigation and …” „… investigations and who have the best knowledge of the details of the case, are not entrusted with the competence …” „… are responsible for the investigations and prosecutions (cf. Article 13(1), second subparagraph) are …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 44 Case management system S. 443-447

„… management system shall be to: (a) support the management of investigations and prosecutions conducted by the …” „… cross-border cases; (b) ensure secure access to information on investigations and prosecutions at the Central …” „… investigations and prosecutions conducted by the EPPO, in particular its internal information flows and its …”

Christoph Burchard Article 33 Pre-trial arrest and cross-border surrender S. 303-309

„… pre-trial detention of the suspect or accused person in an EPPO investigation or prosecution. Paragraph 2 …” „… pre-trial detention a proper investigation measure (and hence listed it amongst the many investigative …” „… procedures between Member States (OJ L 190, 18.7.2002, 1). SECTION 2 Rules on investigation measures and …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 103 Relations with other institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union S. 616-621

„… , the EPPO may “ask Europol to provide analytical support to a specific investigation conducted by the …” „… must additionally relate to a specific investigation conducted by the EPPO, which means that such …” „… in investigating – or supporting the investigation of – crimes against the financial interests of the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 55 Processing of special categories of operational personal data S. 487-488

„… EPPO's investigations, subject to appropriate safeguards for the rights and freedoms of the data …” „… necessary for the EPPO's investigations”. The intention here presumably is to set a higher threshold4 than …” „… of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 47 Principles relating to processing of personal data S. 461-470

„… specificities of criminal investigations, provide for 2 Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and …” „… competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of …” „… criminal investigations and does not highlight the transparency principle. Recital 26 of the DPD …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 41 Scope of the rights of the suspects and accused persons S. 382-400

„… areas of the EPPO Regulation, such as the specific safeguards for cross-border investigations (Article …” „… ff.; Article 5(1)), a thorough investigation of inculpatory as well as exculpatory evidence (Article …” „… the preceding investigation. This shift has culminated, for example, in the landmark Salduz decision …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 23 Territorial and personal competence of the EPPO S. 171-178

„… position to initiate an investigation depends not only on the competence of the EPPO (Article 23) and the …” „… possible for a European Delegated Prosecutor of that Member State to initiate an investigation (Article …” „… possibility for the EPPO to merge several cases for the purpose of investigations (Article 26(5)(b)) or …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… understanding of criminal investigations and of the delicate interplay between the national and European …” „… once the EPPO will become operational, as its innovative framework and approach towards investigations …” „… competences as well as the procedural provisions for the criminal investigations and prosecutions conducted by …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 42 Judicial review S. 400-441

„… authorities of how they should conduct investigations and fairly involve suspects and accused persons. What is …” „… investigations and prosecutions should be a competence of the CJEU rather than leaving this to the national …” „… control of the EPPO that arise in the context of investigations or prosecutions conducted by the EPPO …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 49 Processing of operational personal data S. 471-477

„… the following purposes: (a) criminal investigations and prosecutions undertaken in accordance with …” „… purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution …” „… personal data for the purpose of conducting investigations and prosecutions in accordance with this …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 111 Rules on the protection of sensitive non-classified and classified information S. 654-655

„… level of protection for such information. Investigations and prosecutions of alleged criminal conduct …” „… investigation has been launched can ruin the suspect’s social life. Early disclosure of information on an …” „… ongoing investigation can tip-off suspects and accomplices and frustrate investigation measures. In the …”

Christoph Burchard Article 4 Tasks S. 18-20

„… undertake investigations, and carry out acts of prosecution and exercise the functions of prosecutor in the …” „… . Article 4 generally affirms that the EPPO is responsible for investigations etc. against “the perpetrators …” „… , especially in Section V (on rules of procedure on investigations, investigation measures, prosecution and …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 46 Access to the case management system S. 453-456

„… CMS data on the investigations conducted by “their” EDP. Article 46 also differentiates in respect of …” „… information relates to a “case” which has already been reported – and before an investigation has been …” „… initiated in respect of the latter. It should also allow an EDP, in the course of investigations, to verify …”

Christoph Burchard Article 11 The European Chief Prosecutor and the Deputy European Chief Prosecutors S. 87-89

„… not instruct European Prosecutors or European Delegated Prosecutors on how to run their investigations …” „… influence on the investigations and prosecutions of “his/her” EPPO. Next to organising and directing, where …” „… 10(3), (4) and (5), the European Prosecutors shall supervise the investigations and prosecutions for …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 105 Relations with Member States of the European Union which do not participate in enhanced cooperation on the establishment of the EPPO S. 635-644

„… information about crime trends, investigation tactics and forensic analysis. Secondly, it suggests the …” „… data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or …” „… EPPO or to a parallel investigation conducted by the EPPO within its competence, it may be addressed as …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 84 Transfers of operational personal data to recipients established in third countries S. 535-544

„… purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution …” „… in the third country rather than an investigation/prosecution conducted by the EPPO itself. As …” „… countries or international organisations, for the purpose of investigations or use as evidence in criminal …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 104 Relations with third countries and international organisations S. 621-635

„… international organisations, for the purpose of investigations or use as evidence in criminal investigations …” „… an exchange of strategic information, such as information about crime trends, investigation tactics …” „… another in the course of a specific criminal investigation and prosecution, in particular relating to the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 54 Transmission of operational personal data to institutions, bodies, offices and agencies of the Union S. 485-487

„… strictly necessary for the EPPO’s investigation”. Such restrictions thus also apply in accordance with …” „… the EPPO by way of transmission of data to the other IBOA is necessary for the criminal investigations …” „… Article 53 if the transmission serves the purposes of an investigation or prosecution conducted by the …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 118 Review of the rules relating to the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the EPPO S. 671-672

„… D. Notification of limitations to specific investigation measures (Article 117 sentence 5 …” „… investigation measures to specific serious offences (Article 30(3) sentence 2, → Article 30 mn. 26), and …” „… investigation measures may be taken without adhering to the limitations. On the other hand, Article 30 is …”

Christoph Burchard Article 14 Appointment and dismissal of the European Chief Prosecutor S. 104-115

„… investigations and prosecutions. After all, and as stipulated by Article 28(1), the Member States have to ensure …” „… national law, either undertake the investigation measures and other measures on his/her own or instruct the …” „… investigative judges) need to alter and adjust their investigation and prosecution setup. For under the …”

Christoph Burchard Article 32 Enforcement of assigned measures S. 301-303

„… effectively continues the traditional cooperation approach to cross-border investigations by providing that …” „… investigative measure (nota bene: under national SECTION 2 Rules on investigation measures and other measures …” „… pre-trial detention of the suspect or accused person in an EPPO investigation or prosecution. Paragraph 2 …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 89 Right to judicial review against the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 546-550

„… large extent, be undertaken by the EDPs undertaking investigation measures in the Member States and in …” „… could unduly interfere with the investigations and prosecutions by the EPPO.4 As a consequence of that …” „… authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 65 Processor S. 510-512

„… forensic analysis of electronic storage media obtained by the EPPO in the course of criminal investigations …” „… , it has been suggested that where police or customs authorities undertake investigation measures under …” „… , investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 56 Automated individual decision-making, including profiling S. 488-490

„… investigations presumably means that the EPPO would not be allowed to transmit any such sensitive data to other …” „… investigations but merely for the performance of any tasks of the recipient. A further requirement established by …” „… investigations. But an issue could arise where the EPPO in the course of an investigation initially only obtains …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 51 Distinction between different categories of data subjects S. 479-481

„… for a specific new investigation/prosecution initiated by the EPPO in respect of another criminal …” „… of the personal data. Thus, where in case of a criminal investigation/prosecution a national …” „… called upon to testify in investigations in connection with criminal offences or subsequent criminal …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 59 Right of access by the data subject S. 495-497

„… investigation measures, such as an interception of electronic communication, it will need to take into account …” „… processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation …” „… : (a) avoid obstructing official or legal inquiries, investigations or procedures; (b) avoid …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 108 Confidentiality and professional secrecy S. 648-650

„… information has already lawfully been made public. 5. Investigations carried out under the authority of the …” „… confidentiality and professional secrecy in investigations and prosecutions of the EPPO; such confidentiality and …” „… professional secrecy is regularly a necessity in the course of investigation and prosecution interests of the …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 107 Language arrangements S. 646-648

„… Delegated Prosecutors shall decide on the modalities of translation for the purpose of investigations in …” „… literal reading, the provision only relates on the purpose of investigations, any needs for the EPPO to …” „… . Investigations carried out under the authority of the EPPO shall be protected by the rules concerning …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 120 Entry into force S. 676-683

„… procedure applicable to its activities, including its cross-border investigations. Legislative reforms are …” „… force, and Article 120(2) establishes the temporal competence of the EPPO in the investigation and …” „… competence of EPPO and Member States, and the EPPO’s right to evocation regarding investigations which were …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 90 Financial actors S. 550-553

„… related to investigation measures carried out by competent national authorities or costs of legal aid …” „… . However, it shall, within the budget of the EPPO, include certain costs related to its investigation and …” „… investigation measure is carried out on behalf of the EPPO, the European Delegated Prosecutors may, on their own …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 40 Simplified prosecution procedures S. 371-382

„… EDP handling the case “considers the investigation to be completed” (→ Article 35 mn. 6 f.), securing …” „… the thorough investigation of every case, and protecting against a too quick disposal of a case. While …” „… limited to the end of the investigation of a case, but does not relate to simplified procedures available …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 38 Disposition of confiscated assets S. 352-356

„… , investigations and prosecutions by the EPPO oftentimes will also raise the question of a confiscation of proceeds …” „… vis-a-vis non-participating member states (Article 105(3)). For EPPO investigations and prosecutions …” „… , as freezing is considered to be an investigation measure according to Article 30(1)(d). Specific …”

Christoph Burchard Article 2 Definitions S. 11-17

„… its processes, including the conduction of its investigations and prosecutions as well as the …” „… ’ means a European Delegated Prosecutor responsible for the investigations and prosecutions, which he/she …” „… Prosecutor, where an investigation or other measure assigned to him/her is to be carried out; (7) ‘personal …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Introduction to Chapter VIII (Articles 47 to 89) S. 456-461

„… operating in the field of criminal investigations and prosecutions. Consequently, the instruments on the …” „… , investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the …” „… ’ courts with which the EPPO will closely work together in the investigation and prosecution of PIF …”

Christoph Burchard Article 6 Independence and accountability S. 32-37

„… and support the investigations and prosecutions of the EPPO, and that any action, policy or …” „… concepts. On the one hand, the EPPO must be capable of using its powers of investigation and prosecution …” „… investigations and prosecutions. As an accountable body, the European Public Prosecutor's Office will be …”

Christoph Burchard Article 17 Appointment and dismissal of the European Delegated Prosecutors S. 123-128

„… for substitution will normally only arise if the effectivity and efficiency of the investigations and …” „… , but also if the European Prosecutor is involved in time-sensitive investigations. In any event, the …” „… more, they have to have pertinent and hands-on knowledge about the type of investigations that the EPPO …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 58 Information to be made available or given to the data subject S. 492-495

„… , investigations or procedures; (b) avoid prejudicing the prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of …” „… authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences …” „… data subject about personal data obtained by the EPPO in the course of a certain investigation measures …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 7 Reporting S. 37-41

„… offences under investigation. Beyond these minimum elements, the Annual Report may reflect on events …” „… , investigations and prosecutions which are of general interest (infra → mn. 4), and, in particular, on problematic …” „… reason, the Annual Report must not put ongoing investigations into jeopardy, and it must not violate the …”

Christoph Burchard Article 37 Evidence S. 345-352

„… Regulation now does provide for specific criteria to be observed by the EPPO when an investigation is …” „… use of the findings of investigations when a case comes to criminal trial. Preserving it would ruin …” „… questions (like if the accused person has died so that an investigation has to be discontinued etc.). In …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 61 Right to rectification or erasure of operational personal data and restriction of data processing S. 499-504

„… , investigations or procedures; (b) avoid prejudicing the prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of …” „… competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of …” „… erasure of certain personal data that have been obtained in the course of secret investigation measures …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 113 General regime of liability S. 656-661

„… proceedings and therefore do not constitute administrative activities. Investigations of alleged criminal …” „… of compensation for lawful investigation and prosecution measures, such as when the initial suspicion …” „… home during a criminal investigation), ordered by the EPPO,21 in case the suspicion later turns out to …”

Christoph Burchard Article 16 Appointment and dismissal of the European Prosecutors S. 117-123

„… procedure (especially vis-à-vis who can initiate a dismissal and who conducts the investigations); and (3 …” „… States, and who have relevant practical experience of national legal systems, of financial investigations …” „… the substitution, no longer be in charge of investigations and prosecutions handled by him/her as a …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 66 Processing under the authority of the controller or processor S. 512-513

„… conducting criminal investigations. Article 66 Processing under the authority of the controller or processor …” „… of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of …” „… competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 48 Administrative personal data S. 470-471

„… with the law of the Member State where the data had been obtained by way of an investigation measure …” „… data is processed for the purpose of “criminal investigations and prosecutions undertaken in accordance …” „… the following purposes: (a) criminal investigations and prosecutions undertaken in accordance with …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 99 Common provisions S. 579-583

„… investigation and prosecution of PIF offences within its competence. In particular, such cooperation must not …” „… investigation and prosecution of PIF offences within its competence. While literally this term is broader than …” „… investigation and the actual prosecution of a case. While these arguments may be brought forward when …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 60 Limitations of the right of access S. 497-499

„… , investigations or procedures; (b) avoid prejudicing the prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of …” „… competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 106 Legal status and operating conditions S. 644-646

„… the investigation and prosecution competences), nor does it grant the EPPO protections under …” „… On the consequences of this Protocol for EPPO investigations, → Article 29 mn. 10 ff. CHAPTER XI …” „… modalities of translation for the purpose of investigations in accordance with applicable national law. This …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 76 Authorised access to operational personal data within the EPPO S. 524-527

„… data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or …” „… also Recital 62 of the DPD: “Where avoiding obstruction of official or legal inquiries, investigations …” „… or procedures, avoiding prejudice to the prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of …”

Christoph Burchard Article 119 Review clause S. 672-676

„… investigations. A. Purpose of the provision; legislative history …” „… EPPO itself handles itself (the central level, the decentralised level, the investigations and …” „… investigations. Legislative reforms are necessary if they are likely to yield an important and legitimate result …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 71 Data protection impact assessment S. 519-520

„… , investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the …” „… purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 70 Cooperation with the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 518-519

„… data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or …” „… competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 112 Administrative inquiries S. 655-656

„… might frustrate an ongoing investigation and therefore violate prosecution and restitution interests of …” „… not constitute administrative activities. Investigations of alleged criminal offences serve the sole …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 64 Joint controllers S. 508-510

„… of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation …” „… OLAF (cf. Article 101(3)) when carrying out an investigation. Paragraph 1 obliges the joint controllers …”

Christoph Burchard Article 15 Appointment and dismissal of the Deputy European Chief Prosecutors S. 115-117

„… and who conducts the investigations); and (3) the dismissal vote. Paragraph 3 sentence 2 clarifies …” „… of national legal systems, of financial investigations and of international judicial cooperation in …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 22 Material competence of the EPPO S. 144-171

„… 23 mn. 1), nor limits the competence of national investigation and prosecution authorities. Instead …” „… criminal investigation, and to hold someone criminally responsible for a crime.4 Even if the Member States …” „… competence insofar as that “the […] joint investigation and prosecution [must be] in the interest of a good …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 69 Logging in respect of automated processing S. 516-518

„… prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal …” „… processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 63 Obligations of the EPPO S. 506-508

„… purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution …” „… of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 93 Implementation of the budget S. 561-563

„… regard to “the fact that the competence of the EPPO to carry out criminal investigations and prosecutions …” „… “exceptionally costly investigation measures” undertaken by national authorities (→ Article 91 mn. 12). 1 …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 62 Exercise of rights by the data subject and verification by the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 504-506

„… by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution …” „… prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 52 Distinction between operational personal data and verification of quality of personal data S. 481-483

„… purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution …” „… data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 115 Exercise of the delegation S. 663-666

„… sensitive area of criminal investigations and prosecutions, the EPPO Regulation makes only very limited use …” „… may only be taken exceptionally if otherwise the proper and lawful conduct of investigations and …”

Christoph Burchard Article 18 Status of the Administrative Director S. 128-133

„… Prosecutor in that very capacity. For example, accepting bribes for quashing an EPPO investigation is a …” „… the conclusions of the internal or external audit reports, evaluations and investigations, including …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 21 Internal rules of procedure of the EPPO S. 138-144

„… investigations (Article 12(4), → Article 12 mn. 29, see also Recital 30) as well as on the information flow to …” „… handling of exceptionally costly investigation measures (Article 91(6)[2], → Article 91 mn. 9 ff., see also …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 86 Professional secrecy of the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 545

„… , provided that this does not interfere with investigations and prosecutions led by the EPPO; (f) refer the …”

Christoph Burchard Article 1 Subject matter S. 11

„… its processes, including the conduction of its investigations and prosecutions as well as the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 87 Cooperation between the European Data Protection Supervisor and national supervisory authorities S. 545-546

„… , provided that this does not interfere with investigations and prosecutions led by the EPPO; (f) refer the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 67 Data protection by design and by default S. 513-514

„… competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of …”

Christoph Burchard Article 19 Responsibilities of the Administrative Director S. 133-134

„… external audit reports, evaluations and investigations, including those of the European Data Protection …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 85 Supervision by the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 544-545

„… data have been disclosed, provided that this does not interfere with investigations and prosecutions …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 75 Communication of a personal data breach to the data subject S. 523-524

„… data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 116 Urgency procedure S. 666-667

„… lawful conduct of investigations and prosecutions by the EPPO and in particular the fair administration …”

Christoph Burchard Article 3 Establishment S. 17-18

„… determined by this Regulation. In that respect, the EPPO shall undertake investigations, and carry out acts …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 97 Temporary agents and contract agents S. 576-577

„… under the EUSR/CEOS, shall not receive, when exercising their powers of investigation and prosecution …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 95 Financial rules S. 565-566

„… out criminal investigations and prosecutions at Union level is unique.” This recital, again, needs to …”

Dominik Brodowski Article 114 Implementing rules and programme documents S. 661-663

„… investigation and prosecution can only be very limited. To avoid conflicts with the aforementioned factual and …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 72 Prior consultation of the European Data Protection Supervisor S. 520-522

„… of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 68 Records of categories of processing activities S. 514-516

„… prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 57 Communication and modalities for exercising the rights of the data subject S. 490-492

„… , investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 53 Specific processing conditions S. 483-485

„… data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or …”

Hans-Holger Herrnfeld Article 79 Tasks of the data protection officer S. 528-533

„… competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845290768

Anne Grunwald - Datenerhebung durch das Federal Bureau of Investigation

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Anne Grunwald

Datenerhebung durch das Federal Bureau of Investigation

Series: Nomos Universitätsschriften - Recht

Volume 588 2008

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Die Aufgaben S. 34-43

„… guidelines on general crimes, racketeering enterprise and terrorism investigations”, erhältlich unter …” „… : http://www.usdoj.gov/olp/generalcrimes2.pdf. 120 Vgl. Introduction B. der Richtlinien: “A general criminal investigation may be …” „… have already occurred, is an explicitly authorized objective of general criminal investigations.”. 121 …”

Neue Richtlinien für geheimdienstliche Ermittlungen S. 91-92

„… durch das FBI erlassen. Die „Attorney General’s Guidelines for FBI National Security Investigations and …” „… General’s Guidelines for FBI Foreign Intelligence Collection and Foreign Counterintelligence Investigations …” „… der Einführung sog. National Security Investigations die Zielsetzung der geheimdienstlichen …”

Zusammenfassung der Änderungen S. 92-93

„… 92Die NSI – Richtlinien haben mit der Einführung sog. National Security Investigations die …” „… National Security Investigations sollen weiterhin Informationen über auswärtige Bedrohungen der nationalen …” „… Verhinderung von Straftaten ein wesentliches Ziel der National Security Investigations darstellen. Dazu heißt …”

Die neue Eingriffsschwelle S. 160-162

„… , international terrorism and counterintelligence investigations seek to uncover and disrupt future activities of …” „… Richtlinien des Justizministers unter Introduction A.: “The investigations authorized by these guidelines …” „… , Constitutional regulation of National Security Investigations: Minimizing the use of unrelated evidence, 41 Wake …”

Literaturverzeichnis S. 277-284

„… Procedure: Investigation and Right to Counsel, New York 2005 Baker, Steward A./ Kavanagh, John, The Patriot …” „… Intelligence Investigations, Backround and proposed Adjustments, Report for Congress, 15.04.05 Dvorske, John J …” „… , National Security Law, Boston 1990 Elliff, John T.,The Attorney General’s Guidelines for FBI Investigations …”

Der Privacy Act von 1974 S. 181-201

„… enforcement officials to obtain certain records quickly, are critical to many investigations. They’re used in …” „… . 3037, sah unter Sec.3. folgende Regelung vor: “Administrative Subpoenas in Terrorism Investigations: In …” „… any investigation concerning a Federal crime of terrorism […] the Attorney General may […] require the …”

Entstehung des FBI S. 21-28

„… 21Einführung Die Aufgaben und Rechtsgrundlagen des Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) haben …” „… . 28 U.S.C. § 531: “The Federal Bureau of Investigation is in the Department of Justice.”. 18 28 U.S.C …” „… mittlerweile über 3000 Straftaten30. 22 Schweppe, FBI und BKA, Federal Bureau of Investigation und …”

Gesetzliche Änderungen S. 208-233

„… Federal Bureau of Investigation or a designee of the Director (whose rank shall be no lower than Assistant …” „… possession for an investigation to gather foreign intelligence information or an investigation concerning …” „… international terrorism which investigation is being conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation under such …”

Abschaffung des Primary Purpose Tests S. 87-90

„… the FI or FCI investigation that relates to significant federal criminal activity. The Criminal …” „… investigation toward law enforcement objectives.”. 404 Seamon/Gardner, The Patriot Act and the Wall between …” „… criminal investigation that overlaps a broad definition of foreign intelligence.”, 147 Cong. Rec. S10992 …”

Bewertung S. 253-258

„… grand jury is to inquire into all information that might possibly bear on its investigation until it has …” „… Procedure: Investigation and Right to Counsel, 2005, S. 988. 1226 So z.B. Roots, If it’s not a runaway …” „… impede its investigation and frustrate the public's interest in the fair and expeditious administration …”

Die früher geltenden Voraussetzungen S. 154-156

„… relevant to an ongoing foreign intelligence or international terrorism investigation being conducted by the …” „… Federal Bureau of Investigation under guidelines approved by the Attorney General;”. 698 50 U.S.C. § 1842 …” „… concerning a United States person or is relevant to an ongoing investigation to protect against international …”

Änderungen durch den Patriot Act S. 156-157

„… concerning a United States person or is relevant to an ongoing investigation to protect against international …” „… terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities, provided that such investigation of a United States person …” „… the installation and use of a pen register or trap and trace device for any investigation to obtain …”

Die Richtlinien des Justizministers S. 86-87

„… Criminal Division Concerning Foreign Intelligence and Foreign Counterintelligence Investigations …” „… Richtlinien: “If, in the course of an Foreign Intelligence or Foreign Counterinelligence investigation …” „… the FI or FCI investigation that relates to significant federal criminal activity. The Criminal …”

Die Änderung im FISA S. 258-260

„… tangible things sought are relevant to an authorized investigation […] to obtain foreign intelligence …” „… intelligence activities, such things being presumptively relevant to an authorized investigation if the …” „… authorized investigation; or (iii) an individual in contact with, or known to, a suspected agent of a …”

Kooperation in polizeilichen und geheimdienstlichen Ermittlungen S. 90-91

„… Counterintelligence Investigations Conducted by the FBI. 91allen anderen Teilen des Justizministeriums frei, Hinweise …” „… Investigations and Foreign Intelligence Collection“427 (NSI - Richtlinien) ersetzen die seit 1995 geltenden …” „… Investigations”428. Die NSI – Richtlinien sind, wie ihre Vorgänger, in weiten Teilen der Öffentlichkeit nicht …”

Einbeziehung von Kommunikationen im Internet S. 162-164

„… investigation to obtain foreign intelligence information […] which is being conducted by the Federal Bureau of …” „… Investigation under such guidelines as the Attorney General approves pursuant to Executive Order No. 12333, or a …” „… sog. „National Security Investigations“ regelt, ist in Bezug auf die Voraussetzungen für die …”

Vierter Zusatzartikel S. 233-241

„… : „Stripped to its essentials, what respondents appear to be seeking is a broad-scale investigation, conducted …” „… district court determining at the conclusion of that investigation the extent to which those activities may …” „… of relevance. Under section 215, agents may not seek records that are irrelevant to an investigation …”

Verfassungsrechtliche Bewertung S. 109-119

„… part of an investigation of international terrorism. Moreover, we have reviewed the in camera …” „… was not, as [the] defendants assert, directed towards criminal investigation or the institution of a …” „… surveillance becomes primarily a criminal investigation, the courts are entirely competent to make the usual …”

Besonderheiten des amerikanischen Verwaltungsrechts S. 28-32

„… Bureau of Investigation Charter Act of 1979, 96th Cong., 1st Sess. (1979), S. 1612. 61 Von der Groeben …” „… , Innere Sicherheit – USA, S. 79. 95 Steinke, Das amerikanische Federal Bureau of Investigation, S. 166 …” „… Maßnahmen der Polizei im präventiven Bereich als Proactive Investigations gesondert zu behandeln, vgl …”

Begründung S. 129-130

„… investigation similar to a wiretap in a criminal case. The law, however, failed to contain authority similar to …” „… to grant agents permission to use the same techniques in national security investigations to track …”

Keine umfassende Kodifizierung der FBI - Befugnisse S. 32-34

„… Steinke, Das amerikanische Federal Bureau of Investigation, S. 166. 96 Auch im amerikanischen …” „… Proactive Investigations gesondert zu behandeln, vgl. LaFave/Israel/King, Criminal Procedure, S. 9. 97 Zu …”

Kritikpunkte S. 119-121

„… the investigation as interpreted by the courts. This requires law enforcement to evaluate constantly …” „… the relative weight of criminal and intelligence purposes when seeking to open a FISA investigation …”

Der „Primary Purpose Test“ S. 83-86

„… Counterintelligence Investigations, erhältlich unter: http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fisa/1995procs.html dazu …” „… Counterinelligence investigation utilizing electronic surveillance or physical searches under the Foreign …”

Reaktionen S. 130-133

„… a wiretap in a national security or an intelligence investigation similar to a wiretap in a criminal …” „… techniques in national security investigations to track terrorists that are used in criminal cases.”. 131 …”

Änderungen in den Richtlinien S. 203-207

„… and Terrorism Enterprise Investigations, erhältlich unter: http://www.usdoj.gov/olp/generalcrimes2.pdf …” „… even in the absence of a checking of leads, preliminary inquiry, or full investigation as described in …”

Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 14-16

„… Privacy Act Exec. Order Executive Order FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation FCRA Fair Credit …”

Begründung S. 157-158

„… Investigation under such guidelines as the Attorney General approves […].”, Änd. durch Verf. hervorgehoben. 705 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-13

Einleitung S. 17-20

„… Datenerhebungsbefugnisse des Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) herausgegriffen, da das FBI innerhalb der USA führend …”

Amerikanische Rechtsprechung S. 285-289

„… ) Doe v. Ashcroft, 334 F. Supp. 2d 471 Doe v. Federal Bureau of Investigation, 936 F.2d 1346 (1991). Doe …”

Vierter Zusatzartikel S. 55-59

„… , 1007; Park, Re-Examining the attorney general’s guidelines for FBI investigations of domestic groups …”

Erster Zusatzartikel S. 59-63

„… general’s guidelines for FBI investigations of domestic groups, 39 Ariz. L. Rev., S. 769, 790 f. 60Der …”

Der Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act von 1978 S. 76-80

„… national security investigation: Minimizing the use of unrelated evidence, 41 Wake Forest L. Rev., S. 61 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845210940

Arbeitsgemeinschaft Strafrecht des Deutschen Anwaltvereins - Strafverteidigung im Rechtsstaat

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Arbeitsgemeinschaft Strafrecht des Deutschen Anwaltvereins (ed.)

Strafverteidigung im Rechtsstaat

2009

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Thilo Pfordte »Outsourcing of Investigations?« Anwaltskanzleien als Ermittlungsgehilfen der Staatsanwaltschaft S. 740-758

„… 740 »Outsourcing of Investigations?« Anwaltskanzleien als Ermittlungsgehilfen der …” „… Investigations?« Thilo Pfordte Einleitung »Outsourcing of Investigations« oder die »Auslagerung von …” „… den Beweisverwertungsverboten, 1996, S. 20 ff. m. w. N. »Outsourcing of Investigations?« 741 Auch der …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-14

„… Pfordte »Outsourcing of Investigations?« Anwaltskanzleien als Ermittlungsgehilfen der Staatsanwaltschaft …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845216942

Michael Krail - System-Based Analysis of Income Distribution Impacts on Mobility Behaviour

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Michael Krail

System-Based Analysis of Income Distribution Impacts on Mobility Behaviour

Series: Karlsruher Beiträge zur wirtschaftspolitischen Forschung - Karlsruhe Papers in Economic Policy Research

Volume 28 2009

Results in this title

Course of Investigation S. 25-26

„… Course of Investigation In order to put the presented objectives into action the thesis starts with an …”

Objectives S. 21-25

„… the following. The introduction concludes with a description of the course of investigation for …” „… Course of Investigation In order to put the presented objectives into action the thesis starts with an …”

System Dynamics Modelling S. 32-37

„… investigation of Boston city development (FORRESTER 1995). Forrester analysed these systems and found out that …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-20

„… 1.2 Course of Investigation 25 2 System Dynamics 27 2.1 Systems Theory and Cybernetics 28 2.2 System …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845216591

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