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Melanie Nadine Eckardt - Die Entwicklung des Individualrechtsschutzes im internationalen Investitionsschutzrecht

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Melanie Nadine Eckardt

Die Entwicklung des Individualrechtsschutzes im internationalen Investitionsschutzrecht

Series: Studien zum Internationalen Wirtschaftsrecht - Studies on International Economic Law

Volume 11 2014

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Literaturverzeichnis S. 327-352

„… Agreements, 37 Gaja, Giorgio, The Position of Individuals in International Law: An ILC Perspective, in: EJIL …” „… , Rechtsfragen, 187 333 Griebel, Jörn, Internationales Investitionsrecht, 2008 Griebel, Jörn, Jurisdiction over …” „… Nations, UNCTAD, Lessons from the MAI: UNCTAD Series on Issues in International Investment Agreements …”

Das Investitionsschutzrecht S. 205-282

„… Investment Treaties oder International Investment Agreements) ein dicht gewebtes Schutznetz für ausländische …” „… beruhen, dass internationale Mechanismen vorhanden sind, die ihnen gerade diesen Schutz zur Verfügung …” „… Rolle spielen, ist das internationale Investitionsschutzrecht695, das im Folgenden vorgestellt werden …”

Das Subjektive Recht im Investitionsschutzrecht im Lichte der LaGrand Entscheidung S. 283-326

„… (Behandlungsstandards1020), die in internationalen Investitionsschutzverträgen niedergelegt sind, standen im Zentrum von …” „… zahlreichen internationalen Schiedsverfahren zwischen Gaststaaten und privaten Investoren im Laufe der letzten …” „… internationalen Investitionsschutzrecht bildet. Handelt es sich dabei um Rechte der Vertragsstaaten oder der …”

Völkerrechtssubjektivität des Individuums S. 41-74

„… , § 109 III 4 (S. 265 f.). 141 UN, Charter of the International Military Tribunal – Annex to the Agreement …” „… , 4, 287: „But it cannot be disputed that the very object of an international agreement, according to …” „… international law, the Beamtenabkommen, being an international agreement, cannot, as such, create direct rights …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845250274

Christian Klausegger, Peter Klein, Florian Kremslehner, Alexander Petsche, Nikolaus Pitkowitz, Irene Welser, Gerold Zeiler - Austrian Yearbook on International Arbitration 2023

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Christian Klausegger (ed.), Peter Klein (ed.), Florian Kremslehner (ed.), Alexander Petsche (ed.), Nikolaus Pitkowitz (ed.), Irene Welser (ed.), Gerold Zeiler (ed.)

Austrian Yearbook on International Arbitration 2023

2023

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Chapter I: The Arbitration Agreement and Arbitrability S. 1-82

„… jurisdiction over all disputes arising under all these agreements and in the affirmative, on what basis? (the …” „… , also taking into consideration the usages of international trade. • There is also an agreement that the …” „… tribunal has jurisdiction over these various agreements. Indeed, the parties to the various agreements may …”

Chapter IV: Investment Arbitration S. 293-368

„… jurisdiction and rendered its decision by reference to domestic and international public policy. It found the …” „… under international investment agreements. However, the members of the tribunal differed in their …” „… public international law analysis of the Termination Agreement, in Austrian Yearbook on International …”

Chapter II: The Arbitrator and the Arbitration Procedure S. 83-240

„… proceedings. The United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation …” „… Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation, adopted December 20, 2018, U.N …” „… facilitating the recognition and enforcement of both international arbitral awards and arbitration agreements …”

Chapter III: The Award and the Courts S. 241-292

„… reasons tends to accentuate its rationality.”30) “Most arbitration agreements in the international realm …” „… International Arbitral Centre.4) ECtHR, H. v. Belgium, 1987, para. 53, and for a summary of the principles …” „… & Kellerhals, International and Domestic Arbitration in Switzerland 1445 (3rd ed. 2015).11) Gasser, Motal …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… agreements and share purchase agreements. Her main areas of practice include international arbitration cases …” „… international sales, licensing, agency and distribution agreements. Petra has authored and co-authored various …” „… KlauseggerKleinKremslehnerPetschePitkowitzWelserZeiler(Editors)AustrianYearbook on International …”

Recent Publications S. 401-408

„… Arbitration Agreements Involving Sino-Foreign Joint Venture Companies – The Shanghai International Arbitration …” „… ? Konse-quenzen von gegen Russland gerichteten Sanktionen für nicht-russische Inves-toren im internationalen …” „… Investitionsschutzpublished in:SchiedsVZ 246 (2022) This article analyzes the relationship between international sanctions and …”

Chapter V: Developments on the Austrian Market S. 369-400

„… International Arbitral Centre (“VIAC”) serves as a focal point for the settle-ment of commercial disputes in the …” „… regional and international com munity. It has greatly benefited from its traditional position in a neutral …” „… administration of investment disputes takes account of international developments and of Austria’s special role …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783214253226

ZEuS Zeitschrift für Europarechtliche Studien

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ZEuS Zeitschrift für Europarechtliche Studien

Browse Volumes: ZEuS Zeitschrift für Europarechtliche Studien

ZEuS Volume 25 (2022) Issue 3 ISSN Online: 2942-3589

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Shaun Fu Tax Challenges of a Digitalizing Europe – A Comparative Analysis of the Multilateral Two-Pillar Solution with the European Commission’s Proposals S. 651-686

„… Two-Pillar Solution, having then received inter-governmental agreement among 136 countries and jurisdictions …” „… international corporate tax system to thedigitalising economy persists as a transnational issue affecting …” „… * Research Associate at the Chair for Public Law, European Law, Public International Lawand International …”

Thomas Giegerich Struggling for Europe’s Soul: The Council of Europe and the European Convention on Human Rights Counter Russia’s Aggression against Ukraine S. 519-558

„… International Law.28 Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic EnergyCommunity …” „… them.* Prof. Dr. Thomas Giegerich, LL.M., holds a chair for European Law, Public InternationalLaw and …” „… international community as a whole, e.g. in the UN Charter3 and the UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights.4 While …”

Carolina Dackö, Charlotta Brodin, Alice Arlebo The FDI Screening Mechanisms and the Draft EU Foreign Subsidy Regulation – Potential Conflicts of Interests and in Application S. 505-518

„… primarily of the Agreement on Subsidies andCountervailing Measures (ASCM) and, to a lesser extent, the …” „… General Agreement onTrade in Services (GATS), which focuses on trade in services.The FDI Screening …” „… and the European Parliament reached aprovisional political agreement concluding the likely scope of …”

doi.org/10.5771/1435-439X-2022-3

Prinz Nikolaus von und zu Liechtenstein, Mario Monti, Bo Vesterdorf, Jay Westbrook, Luzius Wildhaber - Economic Law and Justice in Times of Globalisation | Wirtschaftsrecht und Justiz in Zeiten der Globalisierung

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Prinz Nikolaus von und zu Liechtenstein (ed.), Mario Monti (ed.), Bo Vesterdorf (ed.), Jay Westbrook (ed.), Luzius Wildhaber (ed.)

Economic Law and Justice in Times of Globalisation | Wirtschaftsrecht und Justiz in Zeiten der Globalisierung

2007

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Marco Bronckers he Relationship of the EC Courts with other International Tribunals Non-committal, Respectful or Submissive? S. 51-74

„… might choose to submit itself to the jurisdiction of a court established by an international agreement …” „… jurisdiction of international courts that are established in ‹mixed agreements› to which both the EC and its …” „… , The ECJ and the EFTA Court under the EEA Agreement: A Paradigm for International Cooperation between …”

Eleanor M. Fox Antitrust in Times of Globalization S. 319-330

„… 1990s 324 1. Antitrust as ‹Trade and . . .› Subject 325 2. Clashes of Jurisdiction 326 VI. World …” „… Antitrust in the New Millennium 326 1. The Failure of the Doha Declaration 327 2. The International …” „… Competition Network (ICN) 327 VII. Concluding Remarks 328 I. Introduction The story of international antitrust …”

Philip Lowe Director Competition Policy as an Instrument of Global Governance S. 489-502

„… jurisdictions. It is unique in many ways. It is the only international body devoted exclusively to competition …” „… competition policy in global governance 494 1. International co-operation 496 a) Bilateral co-operation 496 b …” „… international developments – as citizen, as consumer, as employee and as an individual who via the Internet now …”

Samuel Issacharoff A Cosmopolitan Judge for a Cosmopolitan Era. An Essay in Honor of Carl Baudenbacher S. 131-140

„… and capital have long since ceased to recognize political jurisdictions as much more than simply …” „… judge with multinational jurisdiction, this is not simply a further act of globalization. A judge with …” „… Agreement, 132 Samuel Issacharoff for those signatory nations not members of the European Union. This is …”

Dr. Miguel Poiares The Judicial and Constitutional Challenges of Legal Globalisation S. 175-190

„… generalised international agreement on a human rights discourse, the lack of a true international consensus …” „… globalisation is the judicialisation of international relations. One can, perhaps, define judicialisation as …” „… judicial globalisation: • The increase in international judicial or quasi-judicial bodies (besides the …”

Jay Lawrence Westbrook National Regulation of Multinational Default S. 777-792

„… international jurisdiction in bankruptcy matters and certain American cases have suggested an expansive …” „… would require sophisticated international agreements, the ideal remains some distance away. Instead …” „… Proceeding 781 1. United States Jurisdiction 781 2. The General Argument 782 a) Petitions by Creditors 783 aa …”

Paolo Mengozzi The European Union balance of powers and the case law related to EC external relations S. 207-224

„… international agreements with reference to the whole area of international air transport. After having …” „… the international agreement and the Community legislation to coincide fully»; however, it also …” „… nature and content, it specified (paragraph 132) that «if an international agreement contains provisions …”

Jacques H. J. Bourgeois Ne bis in idem and Enforcement of EEA Competition Rules S. 313-318

„… jurisdiction with respect to the same conduct. This result is not out of line with public international law. In …” „… implementing the Schengen Agreement. The Court of Justice (hereinafter: the ECJ) found it to be a fundamental …” „… within and outside the EC for the same anti-competitive conduct (e.g. an international cartel) and second …”

Ulf Bernitz The Application of EEA Law in Sweden S. 27-36

„… , however, it did not have jurisdiction to address the issue in accordance with the EEA Agreement with …” „… Sveinbjörnsdóttir.14 The EFTA Court found in that case that the EEA Agreement is an international legal system sui …” „… Agreement is an international treaty sui generis which comprises its own specific legal order. It exceeds …”

George A. Bermann The Emergence of Transatlantic Regulation S. 275-282

„… destined to become at most domestic legal norms and not international agreements, they must ultimately be …” „… fundamental international norms that bind them both jurisdictions, such as the ‹most-favored-nation …” „… the national federal, level. The individual American states and international organizations both play …”

Thorgeir Örlygsson Twelve Years of Experience S. 225-242

„… EFTA States (Iceland and Norway) are countries that apply the dualist system. International agreements …” „… ESA/Court Agreement states inter alia that the EFTA Court shall have jurisdiction to give Advisory Opinions …” „… objectives went beyond what was usual for an agreement under public international law. Finally, the EFTA …”

Christian Dialog der Gerichte im europäischen Justizraum. Zur Rolle des EuGH bei der Auslegung des neuen Übereinkommens von Lugano S. 141-156

„… . Baudenbacher, The EFTA Court: An actor in the European judicial dialogue, Fordham International Law Journal 28 …” „… Kaufrechtsübereinkommens Gudrun Schmid, Einheitliche Anwendung von internationalem Einheitsrecht, 2003; Baasch Andersen …” „… , The Uniform International Sales Law and the Global Jurisconsultorium, Journal of Law and Commerce 24 …”

Davíd Thór Björgvinsson Application of Article 34 of the ESA/Court Agreement by Icelandic Courts S. 37-50

„… between national and international law. Therefore the provisions of the ESA/Court Agreement are not a …” „… 37 DAVÍD THÓR BJÖRGVINSSON Application of Article 34 of the ESA/Court Agreement by the Icelandic …” „… Article 34 of the ESA/Court Agreement in Iceland 39 IV. Application of Article 34 of the ESA/Court …”

Bo Vesterdorf The EC Competition Law Policy on Fines Main Issues and Ways Ahead S. 671-690

„… Community Courts’ jurisdiction to review the legality of the Commission’s decisions in the field of …” „… grant unlimited jurisdiction to the Court in the determination of penalties. This Article has rarely …” „… jurisdiction to review decisions whereby the Commission has fixed a fine or periodic penalty payment. It may …”

Mark A. Lemley, David O’Brien, Ryan M. Kent, Ashok Ramani, Robert Van Nest Divided Infringement Claims S. 475-488

„… . Conclusion 488 I. Foreword President Carl Baudenbacher is an expert in international trade. In both his …” „… property (IP) as well as goods. One of the most significant challenges to the international trade regime is …” „… , which explores the problems of applying territorial patent laws to the inherently international world of …”

Dr. Clifford A. Jones Private Antitrust in the Global Market. An Essay on «Swimming without getting wet» S. 443-454

„… , to the compulsory cartelization in Nazi Germany, to international commodity agreements. This history …” „… known incident following the 2005 St. Galler Internationales Kartellrechtsforum where Carl and Hew Pate …” „… Internationalen Kartellrecht – Elftes St. Galler Internationales Kartellrechtsforum 2004, 113, 114 (2005). 3 Jean …”

Pieter Kalbfleisch The Assessment of Interests in Competition Law: A Balancing Act S. 455-474

„… policy. Presently, it is primarily the firms themselves that assess the extent to which their agreements …” „… ‹hard-core› cartels, agreements that have as their sole object the restriction of competition to which no …” „… agreements from being taken into account. This may lead to the preservation of a degree of competition that …”

Thomas Cottier The Judge in International Economic Relations S. 99-122

„… equally to third countries on the basis of international agreements concluded with the EU and Member …” „… . The Judge in International Economic Relations 105 Agreement of 197221, the Bilateral Agreements of …” „… to observe, on the one hand, that justiciability of international law agreements has mainly focused …”

Peter Freeman Market Investigations in the United Kingdom: The Story So Far S. 331-350

„… restrictive agreements and abuse of 2 The MIR provisions are contained in Part 4 of EA 02. Other Parts of EA …” „… costs and liabilities 8 This is in contrast to the CAT’s jurisdiction in relation to Articles 81 and 82 …” „… International LLC, Stericycle International Limited, Sterile Technologies Group Limited v Commission [2006] CAT …”

Dirk Buschle The Free Movement of Capital in the EEA – A Lehrstück in Homogeneity S. 75-98

„… [1998] EFTA Ct. Rep. 95, paragraph 59: «. . . the EEA Agreement is an international treaty sui generis …” „… goes beyond what is usual for an agreement under public international law.» This was preceded by the …” „… the international tax system would amount to giving bilateral tax agreements preference over EEA law …”

Luzius Wildhaber The Protection of Legitimate Expectations in European Human Rights Law S. 253-264

„… property, as it was on two other matters where agreement could not be reached, education and voting rights …” „… . Talks continued at official level the following year, by which time agreement had been reached on the …” „… consented in the end to a limited and indirect reference to «the general principles of international law». A …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845204918

Peter Ratz - International and European Law Problems of Investment Arbitration involving the EU

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Peter Ratz

International and European Law Problems of Investment Arbitration involving the EU

Series: Schriften zur Europäischen Integration und Internationalen Wirtschaftsordnung

Volume 41 2017

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6. Lack of protection due to EU IIAs not being compatible with the case law of the cjeu? S. 317-442

„… pursuant to international investment agreements concluded by the EU (chapter 5), there is another key …” „… factor that may lead to a decreased level of protection under EU international investment agreements: the …” „… validity of the agreement from an international law perspective. Such decisions by the CJEU will only …”

2. Lack of protection due to problems relating to the binding nature of relevant legal obligations for the EU? S. 39-80

„… to the jurisdiction of the CJEU. Distinguishing between international investment agreements that …” „… , relevant particularities exist with regard to customary international law and mixed agreements. In line …” „… – some EU international investment agreements do not provide for effective enforcement mechanisms so that …”

5. Lack of protection due to ineffective enforcement mechanisms? S. 267-316

„… majority of international investment agreements and BITs are silent on the issue of enforcement of arbitral …” „… international rules and agreements, and compliance occurs without much need of enforcement mechanisms.”. 1083 …” „… agreements with enforcement mechanisms available under general international law As discussed above, some …”

3. Lack of protection due to ineffective mechanisms of attribution of conduct to the EU? S. 81-152

„… directive or regulation that violates its obligations under an international investment agreement.307 The …” „… contracts treaty obligations and subsequently concludes another international agreement disabling it from …” „… application of wider mechanisms of attribution of conduct than international investment agreements. It is …”

4. Lack of protection due to ineffective dispute settlement mechanisms? S. 153-266

„… nature of customary international law and mixed agreements for the EU and the principles of the …” „… provided for therein and then relevant mechanisms included in EU international investment agreements …” „… not available where provisions in international investment agreements contain special …”

7. Conclusion S. 443-446

„… wrongful conduct under EU international investment agreements: Violations of EU international investment …” „… States accountable. Also, in the case of “pure”, i.e. non-mixed EU international investment agreements …” „… , the CETA and the FTA with Singapore (the first ever EU international investment agreements to include …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-28

„… defined under 1.2.2.1) EU European Union EU IIA(s) EU international investment agreement(s) EuR …” „… Investment Agreement(s) IISD International Institute for Sustainable Development IMO International Maritime …” „… 65 Distinguishing between international investment agreements that include references to the division …”

1. Introduction S. 29-38

„… investment agreements. Still, while international organizations play an increasingly important role in …” „… in the conclusion of EU international investment agreements (or even in such agreements not being …” „… recent phenomenon: The EU has only acquired the exclusive competence to conclude international agreements …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845286327

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