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Julia Christina König - Arbeitgebermehrheiten

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Julia Christina König

Arbeitgebermehrheiten

Series: Studien zum deutschen und europäischen Arbeitsrecht

Volume 70 2019

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Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… Arbeitgebermehrheiten Julia König Eine individual- und kollektivarbeitsrechtliche Untersuchung …” „… Band 70 BUT_Koenig_5351-2.indd 2 28.11.18 08:11 Julia König Arbeitgebermehrheiten Eine individual …” „… Individualarbeitsrechtliche EinzelproblemeVI. 124 Beschäftigungsanspruch und Arbeitspflicht1. 124 Beschäftigungsansprucha) 124 …”

A. Einleitung S. 17-19

„… Arbeit eine Aufarbeitung diverser Problemstellungen aus dem Individual- und Kollektivarbeitsrecht, mit …” „… Auftreten diverser Fragestellungen aus dem Individualarbeitsrecht oder auch dem Kollektivarbeitsrecht, wie …” „… individualarbeitsrechtliche Fragen zu den Aspekten Vergütung, Beschäftigung, Urlaub, Kündigung oder einem Betriebsübergang bei …”

B. Hauptteil S. 20-250

Literaturverzeichnis S. 261-274

„… , Individualarbeitsrecht mit kollektivrechtlichen Bezügen, 4. Auflage, Baden-Baden 2017, zit.: Verfasser, in …” „… , Individualarbeitsrecht I, 4. Auflage, München 2018, zit.: Verfasser, in: MünchHdBArbR, Bd. 1/I Kliemt, Michael, Das neue …”

C. Schlussthesen S. 251-260

„… . Individualarbeitsrechtliche Fragestellungen 1. Der in einem einheitlichen Arbeitsverhältnis beschäftigte Arbeitnehmer kann …” „… oder an Feiertagen. Bei III. III. Individualarbeitsrechtliche Fragestellungen 253 der …” „… Weiterbeschäftigungsmöglichkeit bei allen Ar- III. Individualarbeitsrechtliche Fragestellungen 255 beitgebern zu prüfen. Nur wenn …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845295510

Jonas Frank - Decentralization in Ecuador

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Jonas Frank

Decentralization in Ecuador

2007

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Individual Actor-Level S. 72-76

„… 722.2. Individual Actor-LevelIn this section I will present my assumptions about actors, interests …” „… , I argue that human action is intentional and that an individual has its own interests. Interests are …” „… the basic instincts that secure both the survival and growth of an individual. For instance, political …”

The Explanatory Framework and its Principal Elements S. 65-72

„… ” (Silverman 1992, p.44; Bruijn and Heuvelhof 1996, p.77). In other words, the target individual is free to …” „… they serve the interests of the individual.27 By analyzing actors, institutions, and incentives a …” „… private sector as fi nancial incentives for individuals in fi rms, for instance in (Prendergast 1999 …”

Collective- Choice Level S. 76-99

„… ,” also termed “decentralization arenas.” (ii) A detailed discussion of each of the fi ve individual …” „… individuals with incentives and disincentives to act in support of or against decentralization. With this …” „… decentralization. This is why some federations, for example, the United States, grant individual states like Texas …”

Consolidation of the Arena of Hierarchy: 1972-1978 S. 142-157

„… position).Bankers of QuitoCapture wealth available through oil (state and private individuals).Obtain subsidized …” „… available through oil (state and private individuals).Obtain subsidized loans from Central Bank.Part of a …” „… at the individual actor level. This thinking, however, confl icted with other goals the military …”

Social and Cultural Theories S. 55-59

„… occurs due to the revival of local and individual identities. And, “individuality in lieu of collectivism …” „… becomes greater as the diversity in individual demands within the country as a whole increases and as each …” „… individuals and communities themselves fail to produce. Today this rule is widely used to assign functions to …”

The “How” of Decentralization S. 104-108

„… the streets and in the corridors of the ministry of fi nance. Besides, actors are individuals with …” „… the same institutions, outcomes can be different depending on the individual concerned. Likewise, many …” „… problem” or “information withholding,” individuals are simply “trapped” in these situations. Actors …”

Actors, Interests, and the Collective Choice Arena S. 209-213

„… at fi ve particular stakeholders or, alternatively, individual sub-games that were played among them …” „… consolidated as institutions. Position rules of individual actors were not accepted for a sustained period of …” „… , because they had entered the arena and pursued their own, individual goals which affected other …”

Actors, Incentives and the Sequencing of Decentralization S. 99-103

„… ) individuals are risk-neutral; (ii) once adopted, the reform will receive widespread political support; (iii …” „… decentralization when tradeable rights are exchanged against non-tradeable rights. For instance, individual public …” „… their individual employment rights. Such a tactic, though risky in terms of effi ciency, can divide a …”

Emergence of a Decentralized State: 1830-1924 S. 110-125

„… endorse the widely held belief that decentralizations are specifi c to individual countries. Actors …” „… is no wonder. Given the fact that Ecuador emerged due to sovereign decisions of individual regions …” „… some 84 special agencies administered 346 individual projects (Ayala Mora 1996a, p.151).One particular …”

Conclusion S. 63-65

„… nature” (Silverman 1992, p.44; Bruijn and Heuvelhof 1996, p.77). In other words, the target individual is …” „… , provided that they serve the interests of the individual.27 By analyzing actors, institutions, and …” „… private sector as fi nancial incentives for individuals in fi rms, for instance in (Prendergast 1999 …”

The Return to the Previous Regional Equilibrium: 1948-1963 S. 127-135

„… feature. Individual groups in Guayas in particular had the capacity to mobilize inter-class support in …” „… impeach the president and dismiss ministers (individual ministers could be questioned in congress and …” „… framework.This also implies that local elites and individual regions had exceptional bargaining power vis-à-vis …”

Summary S. 19-26

„… contends that decentralization takes place because politicians seek their individual political benefi t …” „… actors to enact and implement reforms. The explanatory framework is divided by “Individual Actor-Level …” „… ” and “Collective-Choice Level”.“Individual Actor-Level.” For actors to know whether decentralization …”

Conclusion S. 135-137

„… framework.This also implies that local elites and individual regions had exceptional bargaining power vis-à-vis …” „… the center. Given the sovereign decisions of individual regions to form a Republic, the question was …”

Entry and Exit Rules S. 280-283

„… granted to individual municipalities or provincial councils on a regular basis. Responsibilities across …” „… is not a deterministic process imposed on domestic actors. It implies that there are individual …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-12

„… individuals who have actively supported this endeavor.Potsdam University, Germany, provided rich intellectual …” „… : Methodological Aspects .............. 692.2. Individual Actor-Level …”

Globalization and Localization S. 51-55

„… geographical constraint on individual’s earnings, perfect information; fi xed structure of public-good supply …”

Institutions in a Newly Democratizing Unitary State S. 161-172

„… particular? Though local politicians often sought individual fi scal bargains at the central level, why did …” „… Executive (Pachano 1997). • Second, there was a congested agenda with many local and individual claims that …” „… cabinet members – for instance, from 1979 to 1983 there were 59 individuals in 13 cabinet posts, which …”

The Sub-game and Equilibrium among Municipalities and Provincial Councils S. 237-248

„… estimated that had all 220 municipalities and 22 provincial councils signed individual agreements in all 10 …” „… sectors of government, this would have led to roughly 18,000 individual convenios. The German Technical …” „… individual provincial and municipal interests. Control of Judicial Power.Congress exclusively made up of …”

Actors, Interests, and Decentralization Outcomes 1979-1987 S. 172-184

„… Represent individual provincial and municipal interests.Increase earmarked transfers.Constitute a …” „… it made it impossible to fi re individual employees, an arrangement that strengthened their …” „… individual, but also transferred hereditary rights to the employee’s children. This was particularly signifi …”

Reform Attempts S. 192-206

„… before the Ministry of Finance was able to aggregate individual transfers, distributional coalitions had …” „… bargained for grants termed Leyes Especiales. They secured earmarked funds for individual provinces, that is …” „… private individuals who contracted debt with private banks.J_Frank_Layout.indd 194J_Frank_Layout.indd …”

Weak Enforcement of Sanctions S. 300

„… , multi-centered equilibria in arenas that are more diffi cult to control for individual stakeholders, but with fl …”

Introduction S. 27

„… : some scholars contend that decentralization occurs because politicians seek their own individual …”

Assessment and Outlook S. 300-302

„… , multi-centered equilibria in arenas that are more diffi cult to control for individual stakeholders, but with fl …”

“Pugna de Poderes:” Games Played between Presidents and Legislators S. 287-288

„… the same direction, however.Donors could redirect their assistance towards individual sectors …”

Withholding of Information S. 291-292

„… as common property and the individual actor experiences incentives to over-exploit the common pool of …”

Distrust between Actors and the “Tragedy of the Commons:” Excessive Earmarking S. 292-293

„… property and the individual actor experiences incentives to over-exploit the common pool of national taxes …”

Blurred Position Rules across Levels of Government S. 285-286

„… Other autonomous agencies are created for the execution of individual technical or fi nancial assistance …”

Weak Budget Constraints and Fiscal Responsibility S. 299-300

„… that are more diffi cult to control for individual stakeholders, but with fl uid communication across …”

Conclusion S. 206-209

„… , alternatively, individual sub-games that were played among them. 1 The Decentralization Law was intended and …”

Non-cooperative Equilibrium: 1925-1948 S. 125-127

„… the salaries of its few employees. AME had to bargain with each individual mayor for the resources …”

Indigenous People S. 231-233

„… subsidiarity for centuries in their day-to-day life: problem-solving takes place at the individual actor level …”

The Partial Decentralization Equilibrium (1997-2003): New Incentives for the Winners? S. 288-290

„… necessarily work in the same direction, however.Donors could redirect their assistance towards individual …”

Bargaining: New Incentives for the Veto-Players? S. 294-296

„… organizations and individual national governments. Thus the risk exists that new ineffi ciencies will be …”

Sub-game between Municipalities and Provincial Councils S. 222-224

„… chose selectively with whom to ally, and whom to isolate; when to seek individual bargains; and when to …”

Highly Asymmetric Fiscal Capacity across Regions S. 283-285

„… Other autonomous agencies are created for the execution of individual technical or fi nancial assistance …”

The “Why” and the “How” of Decentralization S. 27-30

„… : some scholars contend that decentralization occurs because politicians seek their own individual …”

The Congressional Decentralization Committee S. 224-227

„… ; when to seek individual bargains; and when to coalesce with stronger partners to increase chances for …”

Sub-game and Equilibrium between Sub-national and Central Government S. 248-263

„… from parties to individual candidates. Accessing more revenue is thus one necessary step for …” „… the benefi ts are greater by seeking individual and one-to-one bargains with the center, they would …”

Centralization in an Arena of Hierarchy: 1964-1966 S. 137-141

„… determine the exact amount in one-to-one bargains with each individual municipality and provincial council.1 …”

The Reform Coalition and the Collective Choice Arena S. 187-192

„… individual reform issues and how confl icts over implementation were resolved among the key stakeholders.4.1 …”

Stakeholders in Central Government S. 227-231

„… their day-to-day life: problem-solving takes place at the individual actor level and the state takes a …”

Public Choice S. 39-44

„… regarded as profi t-maximizing individuals who enter a political market to compete for votes. As …”

Crisis Theories S. 44-51

„… individuals and groups to accept that their special interests need to be sacrifi ced (along with those of …”

Bibliography S. 303-327

„… . “Resistance to Reform: Status Quo Bias in the Presence of Individual-Specifi c Uncertainty,” American Economic …”

Defi nitions and Scope of Analysis S. 34

„… most remarkable features of decentralization is that these dimensions are sequenced individually across …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845203904

Karen E. Starr - Education Game Changers

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Karen E. Starr

Education Game Changers

2014

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6 Individual Differentiation versus Standardization S. 63-76

„… Chapter SixIndividual Differentiation versusStandardizationAt college age, you can tell who is best …” „… individuals. Individuation recognizes that eachstudent is unique and distinct from anyone else. No one can …” „… , peer-partnerships, mentoring, coaching and individual tutoring schemes, outreachand applied learning placements …”

3 Equity versus Excellence S. 27-40

„… between individuals.Conservative individualism endorses what comes to individuals bychance—by …” „… contract between rational, sovereign individualsas purported. The suggestion that individual lives are …” „… individual institutions have attempted to “make a differ-ence” in social equity terms. In addition, there …”

5 Autonomy versus Control S. 49-62

„… self-determinationand individualism, including individual responsibility for risk—implying re-sponsibility for outcomes …” „… oversight to the individual institution and its local community(see Caldwell, 2011, 2013a, who delineates …” „… provision or delivery of public services, institutes greater individual andlocal community responsibility to …”

9 Work-Life Balance versus Work Intensification S. 97-108

„… decades of individuals’ lives and health andold-age pensions and aged-care costs during the latter decades …” „… enjoyed.”Work demands, in many instances and increasingly, exceed the capacityof individuals to cope (Bunting …” „… longgone. Although these activities ensure that individuals are refreshed andpromote the sharing of ideas …”

1 Change, Challenge, and Paradox S. 1-10

„… globalization,challenging the responsiveness of governments, organizations, and individu-als, as the world becomes smarter …” „… over its individual, civic, orsocial benefits (Smyth & Shacklock, 2004).The way we envisage, experience …” „… micro level—inthe individual educational institutions that interpret and enact policy whileworking to …”

4 Efficiency versus Productivity S. 41-48

„… , restructured management practices, such as devolved auton-omy to the individual institution, the downsizing of …” „… concomitantshift in the social contract from the collective to the individual or “the …” „… indicators such as stu-dents’ perceptions and learning outcomes and the individual activities of staffas …”

2 Economic Constraint versus Social Imperative S. 11-26

„… much of individuals’1112 Chapter 2lives, and knowledge is constantly expanding, making education an …” „… classed in both consumption andinvestments terms—as a private and public good. Both individuals and …” „… , enrollments,and staff. As funding reaches individual institutions, the issue of “need”comes most sharply into …”

7 “New World” versus “Old World” Thinking S. 77-88

„… a period of time createspsychological anxiety for individuals and entire societies. If that was the …” „… customization through robot-operated productionlines assembling differing goods, tailored to individual …” „… how easy or difficult it is for an individual toacquire new learning. This goes beyond the learning …”

8 Sustainability versus Growth S. 89-96

„… ). Lasting change occurs as individuals make behavioral and atti-tudinal changes through critical inquiry and …” „… op-portunities for students to learn about sustainability provides tangible com-munity and individual benefits …” „… disrupt patterns of continual growth, waste, greed, and theemptiness and excesses of individualism and …”

10 The Genie Is Out of the Bottle: Game-Changing Paradox, Dissonance and Dissent S. 109-116

„… unlocked as individualsThe Genie Is Out of the Bottle 111adapt and structural constraints mutate …” „… changing and, subsequently, individuals aretransformed and are always adjusting. Lives are in a constant …” „… ;• expectations of contextualized, individualized student choices and experi-ences; and• a fast growing, mobile …”

Preface

„… Individual Differentiation versus Standardization 637 “New World” versus “Old World” Thinking 778 …”

References S. 117-131

„… ). Individual orientation in education. The Hague: Springer.Richards, E. (2014). Bill would close failing …” „… http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2013/12/06/are-academics-working-harder/.Hayek, F. A. von (1949). Individualism and the economic …”

doi.org/10.5771/9781475806335

Kai Ambos, Otto Triffterer - The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

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Kai Ambos (ed.), Otto Triffterer (ed.)

The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2016

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Kai Ambos . Individual criminal responsibility S. 980-1030

„… 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm Article 25 Individual criminal responsibility 1. The …” „… ) Commits such a crime, whether as an individual, jointly with another or through another person, regardless …” „… relating to individual criminal responsibility shall affect the responsibility of States under …”

Albin Eser . Grounds for excluding criminal responsibility S. 1126-1161

„… Criminal Law (Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag 2011) 562; id., ‘Individual Criminal Responsibility’, in …” „… Criminal Responsibility of Individuals for Violations of International Humanitarian Law (T.M.C. Asser 2003 …” „… , G., ‘Individual Criminal Responsibility in article 25 ICC Statute’, (2007) 5 JICJ 953; Wilson, W …”

Christoph Burchard, Otto Triffterer . Irrelevance of official capacity S. 1038-1056

„… explicit the scope of individual criminal responsibility for crimes committed in the name of or for a state …” „… or reaffirm that besides private individuals, subordinates and commanders (the subjects traditionally …” „… jurisdiction of the Court for purposes of inquiring into his or her own individual criminal responsibility for …”

Bruce Broomhall . Nullum crimen sine lege S. 950-967

„… Individuals? (And Why We Should Care)’, (2011) 9 JICJ 25; id., ‘Aggression and Legality: Custom in Kampala …” „… influence the decision-making of individuals in a socially constructive way, arises from its rational and …” „… interfere with liberty beyond the extent that a reasonable individual could understand from the words of the …”

David Donat-Cattin . Protection of victims and witnesses and their participation in the proceedings S. 1682-1712

„… Kambanda5. 4 The movement of NGOs, individuals and Governments supporting the respect and full realisation …” „… on intimidation of witnesses in Kenya, starting with individuals who testified before the Waki …” „… Central African Republic situations in particular, including the first Court case against an individual …”

Karim A. A. Khan . Determination of the sentence S. 1892-1901

„… individualisation of sentences. Sentence must thus always be adapted to the individual circumstances of both the …” „… account such factors as the gravity of the crime and the individual circumstances of the convicted person …” „… specifying the total period of imprisonment. This period shall be no less than the highest individual …”

Andreas Zimmermann . Crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court S. 112-127

„… Individuals for Acts of Aggression Committed by States’, in: M. Bergsmo (ed.), Human Rights and Criminal …” „… the prosecution of individuals by the proposed International Criminal Court’, (1996) 18 NethILR 3, 321 …” „… International Law and Terrorism (2014); and specifically as to the question of individual criminal …”

Maarten Halff, David Tolbert, Renan Villacis . Voluntary contributions S. 2264-2267

„… Governments, international organizations, individuals, corporations and other entities, in accordance with …” „… ’. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. ‘Governments, international organizations, individuals, corporations and other entities …” „… donations to the Court (see section 3 below). 2. ‘Governments, international organizations, individuals …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST Preliminary Remarks S. 2004-2014

„… upon Individuals: Emerging International Law of Direct Effect’, (2000) 2 NethILRev 130; Harhoff, F. and …” „… raises sensitive issues of State sovereignty and individual rights. Against this background it is readily …” „… respective international obligation of the individual effective. 32 This is not to question the right of the …”

William A. Schabas . Limitation on the prosecution or punishment of other offences S. 2200-2205

„… necessarily create an individual right susceptible of being invoked by the person who has been extradited …” „… formulated as an individual right that protects a person whose sentence is being or has been served from …” „… from prosecuting or punishing an individual for a crime other than the one for which the person was …”

David Donat-Cattin . Reparations to victims S. 1854-1871

„… elsewhere in this Commentary5. 5 Conversely, article 75 is addressed only ‘against’ individual perpetrators …” „… sense of sanctioning the State for the benefit of the individual victim, or in respect of issuing orders …” „… restoration of civil, social or economic rights of individual victims, see mn. 13. Reparations to victims …”

Kai Ambos, Christopher K. Hall, Niamh Hayes, Larissa van den Herik, Joseph Powderly, Carsten Stahn . Crimes against humanity S. 145-295

„… individuality (the individual and political ‘quality of being human’, ‘humanness’) and groups (‘the set of …” „… Humanity – The Responsibility to Protect and Individual Criminal Responsibility in the Aftermath of Cyclone …” „… Commission supported individual criminal responsibility for violations of ‘the laws of humanity’, including …”

Stefanie Bock, Otto Triffterer . Superior orders and prescription of law S. 1183-1197

„… .; van Sliedregt, Individual Criminal Responsibility (2012) 287–291, 299–303. 17 On the adoption of the …” „… individual responsibility for crimes under international law became more and more accepted after the turn of …” „… size: 160.00mm 240.00mm prehensive list of principles relevant to ‘Individual criminal responsibility …”

ROLF EINAR FIFE . Applicable penalties S. 1878-1891

„… gravity of the crime and the individual circumstances of the convicted person. 2. In addition to …” „… include retribution, general prevention or deterrence, individual prevention, reformation of criminals …” „… individual criminals humanely and maintaining the possibility for their eventual rehabilitation. On the …”

Kai Ambos, Morten Bergsmo Preamble S. 2-15

„… liberty and individual conscience. Dignity is the core concept here and the basis of the universal …” „… by ‘unimaginable atrocities’, shocking not only distinguished individual observers such as Henry …” „… reached such abhorrent proportions that they unavoidably obscured the individual victim and his or her …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Surrender of persons to the Court S. 2047-2059

„… regard to whether there is a basis to believe that the individual sought is, or will be found, on the …” „… the State Party to comply with the request by locating, arresting and surrendering the individual …” „… actually has custody of the individual to argue that transmission of the request alone does not trigger any …”

Elisa Freiburg, Andreas Zimmermann ter. Exercise of jurisdiction over the crime of aggression (Security Council referral) S. 766-770

„… whether the Security Council might circumscribe the individuals who shall face prosecution, States as well …” „… 1970 (2011)16, have both specifically excluded certain groups of individuals from the Court’s …” „… jurisdiction. However, when it comes to limiting a ‘situation’ not by way of defining the individuals coming …”

William A. Schabas . Genocide S. 128-144

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 1. Individual responsibility and participation …” „… that genocide could be committed by an individual, acting alone, and in the absence of any State or …” „… event ‘theoretically possible’ because an individual, acting alone, could perpetrate the crime.44 The …”

Elisa Freiburg, Andreas Zimmermann bis. Crime of aggression S. 581-619

„… , G., Individual Criminal Liability for the International Crime of Aggression (Intersentia 2010 …” „… – at Last … in Reach … over Some’, (2010) 2 GoJIL 745; Rosenfeld, F., ‘Individual Civil Responsibility …” „… ‘micro level’ of the individual crime (para. 1) and the ‘macro level’ of the collective State act of …”

Morten Bergsmo, Dan Zhu . Deferral of investigation or prosecution S. 771-781

„… action that may be taken with respect to both a situation and/or an individual41, whereas a prosecution …” „… has started in order to ensure the confirmation of charges against an individual suspected of having …” „… or the Security Council was deliberately used to exclude the referral of individual cases for …”

Roberta Arnold, Otto Triffterer . Responsibility of commanders and other superiors S. 1057-1107

„… Criminal Responsibility of Individuals for Violations of International Humanitarian Law (Asser Press 2003 …” „… ; id., ‘Command Responsibility, Article 28 Rome Statute, an Extension of Individual Criminal …” „… . Introduction/General remarks 1Article 28 contains the longest definition of a single modality concerning individual …”

Astrid Reisinger Coracini, Immi Tallgren . Ne bis in idem S. 900-932

„… protects two kinds of interests. Firstly, it protects an individual who was once prosecuted for an offence …” „… to convict an individual for an alleged offence, thereby subjecting him to embarrassment, expense and …” „… the possibility that even though innocent he may be found guilty’7. This protection of the individual …”

Roger S. Clark, Otto Triffterer . Exclusion of jurisdiction over persons under eighteen S. 1031-1037

„… the ICC Statute’, (1998) 6 EJCCLCJ 400; van Sliedregt, E., The Criminal Responsibility of Individuals …” „… International Criminal Law – Its General Principles Establishing Individual Criminal Responsibility’, in: Koufa …” „… Enforcement Model’. In article 5, ‘Responsibility’, section 1 on individual responsibility commences with the …”

Roger S. Clark . Elements of Crimes S. 620-644

„… by law. This condition is satisfied where the individual can know from the wording of the relevant …” „… Tribunal: ‘A retroactive law providing individual punishment for acts which were illegal though not …” „… . The London Agreement is such a law. It is retroactive only in so far as it established individual …”

Daniel D. Ntanda Nsereko . Preliminary rulings regarding admissibility S. 833-849

„… already been framed and proffered against a particular individual or individuals7. However, a number of …” „… individual suspects will have been identified […], nor will the exact conduct nor its legal classification be …” „… compromised by decisions of a lone individual who, under the guise of investigations, might have other hidden …”

Roberta Arnold, Elisabeth Baumgartner, Michael Cottier, Knut Dörmann, Robin Geiß, Julia Grignon, David Krivanek, Sabine Mzee, Emilia Richard, Stefan Wehrenberg, Andreas Zimmermann . War crimes S. 296-580

„… such or against individual civilians not taking direct part in hostilities; (ii) Intentionally …” „… endanger the health of such person or persons; (xi) Killing or wounding treacherously individuals belonging …” „… against individual civilians not taking direct part in hostilities; (ii) Intentionally directing attacks …”

Giulia Pecorella, William A. Schabas . Exercise of jurisdiction S. 691-703

„… refer actual cases against individuals but ‘matters’ in the sense of situations to which Chapter VII of …” „… individuals should be charged. 10 1994 ILC Draft Statute, 86. Exercise of jurisdiction 2–5 Article 13 William …” „… situation and not a specific case against an individual. Different views were expressed as to whether such …”

Robert O. Harmsen, Gerard A. M. Strijards . Seat of the Court S. 42-103

„… articles 13 to 17 of this Agreement are granted not for the personal benefit of the individuals themselves …” „… included) and other legal entities and individuals. This definition has nothing to do with the internal …”

Eleni Chaitidou . Referral of a situation by a State Party S. 704-725

„… ‘situations’, leaving to the Prosecutor the task of prosecuting individual persons suspected of having …” „… awkwardness of States, as such, selecting individual suspected perpetrators for prosecution by the ICC, gained …” „… State party to select individual suspects and lodge complaints with the Prosecutor with respect to them …”

Raul C. Pangalangan . Non-retroactivity ratione personae S. 972-979

„… accused6 – which focuses on whether the individual is treated fairly and is able to know beforehand …” „… individual criminal responsibility, by the European Court of Human Rights, which distinguished between a …” „… offense more sternly, a parliamentary act can effectively ‘target’ an individual and thus partake of a …”

Helen Duffy, Rod Rastan . Third-party information or documents S. 1817-1826

„… ’ Odjanic´’s Application ‘should be directly addressed to the sovereign individual member States of the …” „… could, therefore, have covered all of the entities set out in article 73, plus individuals. The final …” „… ‘a State or an intergovernmental, international or non-governmental organization or an individual …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . General obligation to cooperate S. 2015-2019

„… State officials as individuals cannot be the addressees of Court’s requests for cooperation. 7 Finally …” „… , article 86 does not extend the obligation to cooperate to individuals acting in their private capacity …” „… . Consequently, the Court has no power under Part 917 to directly compel individuals to produce documents or to …”

Mohamed Elewa Badar, Rod Rastan . Jurisdiction ratione temporis S. 658-672

„… to give information on the fate or whereabouts of that individual (second stage), which together form …” „… that the perpetrator arrested, detained or abducted an individual (originating act) and subsequently …” „… that individual (ongoing act); or in in the alternative, that the perpetrator (i) refused to …”

Jens David Ohlin, Otto Triffterer . Mistake of fact or mistake of law S. 1162-1182

„… International Criminal Law – Its General Principles Establishing Individual Criminal Responsibility’, in: K …” „… pointing out the consequences of this proposal with the formula: ‘If an individual would not be held guilty …” „… … shall … take into account such factors as the gravity of the crime and the individual circumstances of …”

Kai Ambos, William A. Schabas . Sentencing S. 1872-1877

„… aggravating factors relating to the commission of the crime itself, such as the individual role of the …” „… sentence, for example concerning the individual’s specific role in the crimes vis-a`-vis accomplices, or …”

Karim A. A. Khan . Trust Fund S. 1902-1909

„… governments, international organizations, individuals, corporations and other entities to solicit voluntary …” „… Court may order either individual or collective awards to victims. In cases where the Court identifies …” „… individual awards. Based on the limited nature of the Fund’s incomes and the fact that collective awards …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Provisional arrest S. 2075-2078

„… practice is incorporated here to prevent an individual from using a problem with respect to provisional …” „… of the individual, it precludes repeated provisional arrests by indicating that a subsequent arrest …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Requests for cooperation: general provisions S. 2020-2043

„… individual constituent organs. Practice has reflected this interpretation with the Prosecution submitting …” „… responses to questions would have been to seek the compelled evidence of specified individuals within the …” „… individuals are protected. In practice this will give the Court much more flexibility in dealing with …”

Michael Bohlander . Qualifications, nomination and election of judges S. 1217-1226

„… had ever been applied for by the Presidency, despite several requests by individual judges to be …” „… in preparation of an individual case16. However, 20 years of criminal judicial and case management 14 …” „… experience from the major legal systems rather than the professionalism of the individuals making up the …”

Fabricio Guariglia, Gudrun Hochmayr . Functions and powers of the Pre-Trial Chamber S. 1422-1437

„… Chamber has interpreted it, to mean ‘binding orders addressed … under threat of penalty, to individuals …” „… penalty) either to States26 or to State officials,27 but is empowered to subpoena individuals acting in …” „… with the power to coercively compel individuals to assist in an investigation or a prosecution;31 this …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Cooperation with respect to waiver of immunity and consent to surrender S. 2118-2147

„… responsibilities for investigating and prosecuting criminal charges against certain individuals before national …” „… . 61. 52 Cf. in this direction, the Joint Individual Opinion of Judges Higgins, Kooijmans and …” „… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm “Individuals are personally responsible, whatever their official …”

Volker Nerlich . Appeal against other decisions S. 1955-1965

„… below, in the discussion of the individual decisions that are subject to appeal under article 82 para. 1 …” „… (continued) detention of an individual appears necessary for one or more of the grounds listed in article 58 …” „… includes individuals who did not participate as victims in the trial proceedings, but only now claimed …”

S. Rama Rao . Financial Regulations S. 2248-2252

„… ? Whether voluntary contributions from individuals and private organizations and institutions should be …” „… , voluntary contributions by governments, international organizations, corporations, individuals or other …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis

„… . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 971 Article 25. Individual criminal responsibility …” „… international law paid little or no regard to individuals, the creators of the Nuremberg International Military …” „… Military Tribunal stipulated that individuals can and should be held accountable for crimes which …”

Index S. 2328-2353

„… element 28 113 et seq. – relation to individual responsibility 28 107 et seq. Index 2329 Reemers …” „… . – exceptions from prohibition 8 403 et seq. – individual transfer 8 402 – normative origin and drafting history …” „… excluding criminal responsibility, see there – individual criminal responsibility, see there – irrelevance …”

Rod Rastan . Protection of national security information S. 1776-1816

„… 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm be adequately accessible so that individuals have an adequate …” „… that individuals can regulate their conduct.40 The legitimate purpose criteria may attach to national …” „… defence so as to preserve the fundamental rights of another individual or to safeguard an important public …”

Kai Ambos, William A. Schabas . Nulla poena sine lege S. 968-971

„… the individual accused, taking into account the gravity of the offence’14 was challenged as being …” „… explained that it was ‘not necessary for an individual to know in advance the precise punishment so long as …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Contents of request for arrest and surrender S. 2069-2074

„… that the surrender of individuals, including nationals, to the Court, without some evidence being …” „… arrest and surrender of individuals whereby the PTC asks that the State inform the Court of any …”

Morten Bergsmo, Dan Zhu . Prosecutor S. 726-741

„… were initiated by the Prosecutor, but also when a complaint was ‘lodged by a state or an individual …” „… abandoned and the idea that individuals could be a separate trigger mechanism never had any serious support …” „… motivated charges being advanced. Delegates were not only concerned with the rights of individuals who may …”

Roger S. Clark, Gerhard Hafner . Reservations S. 2284-2298

„… States Parties, but grants rights to, or imposes obligations on, States vis-a`-vis either individuals or …” „… : 160.00mm 240.00mm individual States. On the contrary, they are conceived as acts which enter into force …” „… individual States. Hence, if a declaration is made with the clear intention to exclude or modify the legal …”

GILBERT BITTI . Functions and powers of the Trial Chamber S. 1589-1621

„… Rules of Procedure and Evidence (2001) 505; Gallant, K. S., ‘Individual Rights in a new International …” „… in slightly different terms, that the duty of each Trial Chamber to do ‘justice in each individual …” „… obligation for the individual concerned’139, therefore confirming the conclusion reached by Trial Chamber V(A …”

Hirad Abtahi, Rebecca Young . Excusing and disqualification of judges S. 1259-1267

„… that the function of the Commissioner did not involve the assessment of the individual criminal …” „… responsibility of any individual, but rather aimed to gather information generally in order to divert a …” „… 27.10.2015 10:43:47 3B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm that another individual functioned as its …”

ROLF EINAR FIFE . Non-prejudice to national application of penalties and national laws S. 1910-1915

„… for prosecuting and punishing individuals. With regard to the non-inclusion of the death penalty in …” „… primary responsibility for investigating, prosecuting and punishing individuals, in accordance with their …”

Yvonne McDermott, William A. Schabas . Presumption of innocence S. 1636-1650

„… 96, article 11 para. 1: ‘An individual charged with a crime against the peace and security of mankind …” „… change a webpage of the Court’s website to indicate that an individual was a suspect, not an accused …” „… article 28, when individuals under the control of a superior commit crimes within the subject matter …”

Hirad Abtahi, Rebecca Young . Chambers S. 1248-1253

„… not impose any further requirements regarding the composition of individual chambers. Thus, the common …” „… to the composition of individual chambers.25 Nonetheless, despite the lack of any obligation to do so …”

Peter Wilkitzki . Rule of speciality S. 2159-2170

„… adjudicates rights to individuals by virtue of ‘protective’ clauses in extradition treaties and domestic laws6 …” „… whether an individual is a subject of international law is largely academic …’). 6 The author presumes …” „… ‘subjective’ rights to individuals stemming from extradition instruments (cf. mn 4, 7 and 26) – make such a …”

Yvonne McDermott, William A. Schabas . Rights of the accused S. 1651-1681

„… ] would enjoy in relation to individuals, [it] should be bound to apply the highest standards of justice …” „… of Human Rights considers this to be ‘the official notification given to an individual by the …” „… individual might become ‘substantially affected’, to borrow the Strasbourg terminology, once a State party …”

Olympia Bekou, Morten Bergsmo, Pieter Kruger . Duties and powers of the Prosecutor with respect to investigations S. 1382-1394

„… evidence that would contribute to the ultimate determination of whether or not an individual is criminally …” „… resulted in severe trauma for individual witnesses and victims. While the Prosecutor should aim at bringing …” „… individuals, governments or organisations. In the case of governments, material is often protected on the …”

Alejandro Kiss, Otto Triffterer . Requirements for the decision S. 1827-1853

„… video technology is a valid means for an individual to be ‘present’ during the trial.34 Depending on the …” „… cannot be undertaken by a piecemeal approach. Individual items of the evidence, such as the testimony of …” „… specificity are required of the charges, depending on the form of individual criminal responsibility charged …”

Christopher K. Hall, Daniel D. Ntanda Nsereko, Manuel J. Ventura . Challenges to the jurisdiction of the Court or the admissibility of a case S. 850-899

„… State jurisdictional challenge or a challenge on either ground by an individual. Article 18 applies when …” „… ’ within the meaning of articles 13, 14 and 18. The concept of a ‘case’ implies that an individual or …” „… individuals had been targeted during an investigation of a ‘situation’. This is reinforced by the requirement …”

Magda Karagiannakis . Privileges and immunities S. 1311-1319

„… individuals participating in the Court’s proceedings, and particularly victims27 is groundbreaking28. II …” „… organizations is that they are ‘not for the personal benefit of the individuals themselves’ and that the …”

Alexander Heinze, Otto Triffterer No title S. 645-657

„… on Individuals?’, (2011) 9 JICJ 25; Nabil Jurdi, N., ‘The Domestic Prosecution of the Crime of …” „… session (2001)56. Even though the individual criminal responsibility is regulated outside Part 2, the …” „… to individual criminal responsibility should affect the responsibility of States under international …”

Donald K. Piragoff, DARRYL ROBINSON . Mental element S. 1112-1125

„… International Criminal Law – Its General Principles establishing Individual Criminal Responsibility’, in: K …” „… (b) (xxv) (‘intentionally using starvation of individuals…’). The omission of intentionally starving …” „… individuals results in the achievement of the equivalent result (i. e., death) as would an intentional killing …”

Roger S. Clark . Settlement of disputes S. 2275-2283

„… prosecution of an individual or a group of individuals on the basis of a concrete complaint of a breach of the …”

Fabricio Guariglia, Gudrun Hochmayr . Proceedings on an admission of guilt S. 1622-1635

„… bargained away. If the Prosecutor makes a plea agreement such that the totality of an individual’s criminal …” „… the crime and undefined individual circumstances of the convicted person, life imprisonment, art 77 …”

Roger S. Clark . Transfer of the person upon completion of sentence S. 2197-2199

„… for doing substantial justice in individual cases. C. Special remarks, relevant rule 10 As noted in …”

Eleni Chaitidou, Mohamed M. El Zeidy, William A. Schabas . Confirmation of the charges before trial S. 1485-1551

„… articles 6, 7, 8 (and 8bis), i. e. the contextual elements and individual underlying acts, but also the …” „… ’ conducted by a particular armed group, an account of all those compound or individual incidents conducted by …” „… form of individual criminal responsibility charged. This is addressed in the Blasˇkic´ Appeal Judgment …”

Roger S. Clark . Supervision of enforcement of sentences and conditions of imprisonment S. 2193-2196

„… the Court in an individual case, but obviously there is some overlap between the two paragraphs. 2 …”

Maarten Halff, David Tolbert, Renan Villacis . Funds of the Court and of the Assembly of States Parties S. 2254-2263

„… ) of the UN General Assembly in its mandate and in the fact that its members serve in their individual …” „… criminal court would be seriously hampered if the judicial organ and individual judges would be made …”

Margaret McAuliffe de Guzman . Applicable law S. 933-949

„… Criminality and Individual Responsibility: The Constraints of Interpretation’, (2014) 37 FordhamILJ 501 …” „… ; Stephens, PJ., ‘Collective Criminality and Individual Responsibility: The Constraints of Interpretation …” „… from the Defence may be necessary so as to preserve the fundamental rights of an individual put at risk …”

Odo Annette Ogwuma . Judicial vacancies S. 1227-1236

„… International Criminal Court (mandated to facilitate the appointment of the highest-qualified individuals as …” „… , paragraph 19) with the mandate of facilitating the appointment of the highest-qualified individuals as …”

Hirad Abtahi, Christopher Staker, Rebecca Young . Independence of the judges S. 1254-1258

„… individual judge, that judge shall not take part in the decision. Content I. Introduction/General remarks …” „… full; but a few excerpts should be apposite: 1. ‘Judges individually shall be free …’. 2. ‘In the …” „… must be individually decided, when the occasion arises; and the circumstances may be infinite, as human …”

Maarten Halff, David Tolbert, Renan Villacis . Assessment of contribution S. 2268-2271

„… applied in assessing individual contributions and how it can be adjusted (see financial regulations 5.4 …”

Giulia Pecorella, William A. Schabas . Preconditions to the exercise of jurisdiction S. 673-690

„… the views of several of its judges, which vary considerably, were set out in individual opinions in …” „… immune from consideration of the Court any individual when it seemed politically desirable. This proposal …” „… overreaching its jurisdiction, but rather the individual being amenable to the jurisdiction of the ICC where …”

Dov Jacobs, Christopher Staker . Regulations of the Court S. 1353-1365

„… each individual State. The time should still be sufficient for all States Parties to decide about any …” „… providing professional legal services to defence counsel or to individual accused should be exercised …”

Mohamed M. El Zeidy, William A. Schabas . Issues of admissibility S. 782-832

„… implicit. As to the latter, the Chamber said: ‘[A] State may not want to protect an individual, but, for a …” „… admissibility challenges under article 18 of the Statute. Often, no individual suspects will have been …” „… concrete case have been confirmed by the Appeals Chamber as the ‘individual and the alleged conduct’.115 …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Postponement of execution of a request in respect of an admissibility challenge S. 2107-2111

„… , an admissibility challenge advanced with reference to a different individual – Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi …”

Paula Clarke, Donald K. Piragoff . Evidence S. 1713-1751

„… asserts the Court’s authority to impose fines on individuals present before it who refuse to testify …” „… of the Court in establishing the historical record as well as judging the individual case, rule 69 …”

Elisa Freiburg, Andreas Zimmermann bis. Exercise of jurisdiction over the crime of aggression (State referral, proprio motu) S. 742-765

„… (eventually evoking those organs’ individual criminal responsibility) cannot provide for any form of de jure …” „… aggression, individuals might very well come within the Court’s jurisdiction ratione temporis with regard to …” „… individual members. As a matter of practice, the Security Council would then normally, provided it ever were …”

Franziska Eckelmans, Christopher Staker . Proceedings on appeal S. 1966-1986

„… or a different form of individual criminal responsibility for those found to exist by the Trial …” „… each of the individual sentences and not only to the joint sentence. It is more difficult to detect …” „… individual who was released from ICC detention and stayed in The Netherlands pending his application for …”

Odo Annette Ogwuma . Service of judges S. 1205-1216

„… facilitate the appointment of the highest-qualified individuals as judges of the Court (‘Advisory Committee …” „… of facilitating the appointment of the highest-qualified individuals as judges of the Court (see …”

Karim A. A. Khan . Initial proceedings before the Court S. 1473-1484

„… individual liberty must be nevertheless convincingly demonstrated.’. 20 Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Dyilo …” „… individual liberty when assessing the reasonableness of detention56. Arguably, the effect of this is to …”

William A. Schabas . Enforcement of fines and forfeiture measures S. 2206-2210

„… forfeiture order in favour of an individual or corporate body. The exception to this rule is found in article …”

Franziska Eckelmans, Christopher Staker . Appeal against decision of acquittal or conviction or against sentence S. 1916-1954

„… a fundamental element of individual civil and political rights and has, inter alia, been …” „… substantive law of the Court (the crimes and the individual criminal responsibility), while other errors would …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Other forms of cooperation S. 2079-2103

„… individuals willing to come to be interviewed or provide testimony where no assistance is required from the …” „… all States, unhampered by the procedural and legal principles of individual States. 44 In its decision …” „… general individual right not appear before the Court (cf. mn 21). 3. Agreement of the requested State to …”

Olympia Bekou, Morten Bergsmo, Pieter Kruger . Initiation of an investigation S. 1366-1381

„… ; jurisdiction ratione loci or ratione personae.28 It should be noted, however, that individual criminal …” „… basis of whether the individuals or groups of persons that are likely to be the object of an …”

Christoph Burchard, Otto Triffterer . Sanctions for misconduct before the Court S. 1761-1775

„… integrity of the Court’ (emphasis added), and containing more precise definitions of individual offences or …” „… ] and the individual circumstances of the convicted [in our case: sanctioned] person’ provide general …”

Magda Karagiannakis . Staff S. 1290-1296

„… available in the United Nations system generally, and those individuals with the requisite expertise are …”

Roger S. Clark . Amendments S. 2299-2305

„… ‘come into force’, however, the amendments need to be accepted by individual States Parties. Except as …”

Philipp Ambach, S. Rama Rao . Assembly of States Parties S. 2216-2247

„… : 160.00mm 240.00mm expressions of interest from individuals, States, regional and international …” „… approach individuals who may satisfy the applicable criteria, in particular those contained in Article 42 …” „… ‘to facilitate that the highest-qualified individuals are appointed as judges’.166 It must base its …”

Claus Kreß, KIMBERLY PROST . Execution of requests under articles 93 and 96 S. 2148-2155

„… the trial forum wishes to obtain testimony from a particular individual, this can be considered the …”

Bruce Broomhall . Rules of Procedure and Evidence S. 1333-1352

„… exceptions will be expressly indicated, not dictated by individual States Parties. Rules of Procedure and …” „… were resolved by individual decisions of the Tribunal; at Tokyo, there were only nine rules of …”

Kenneth Harris, Donald K. Piragoff . Offences against the administration of justice S. 1752-1760

„… . 28–29. The individuals subjected to the Independent Oversight Mechanism include all elected officials of …”

Morten Bergsmo, Frederik Harhoff, Jelena Pejic, Dan Zhu . The Office of the Prosecutor S. 1268-1278

„… . This reinforces the responsibility of States Parties to elect individuals who can best serve the …”

Otto Triffterer, Till Zimmermann . Place of trial S. 1552-1563

„… state-official causes the danger of political unrest) nor that the premises of the court or individual parties to …”

Volker Nerlich, Christopher Staker . Revision of conviction or sentence S. 1987-1998

„… , or certain other individuals acting on his or her behalf, can bring revision proceedings. This …”

Robert O. Harmsen, Gerard A. M. Strijards . Role of States in enforcement of sentences of imprisonment S. 2174-2187

„… to use legitimate force against the individual. The decision automatically provides the recognizing …”

Christopher K. Hall, Dov Jacobs . Rights of persons during an investigation S. 1395-1411

„… Rules of Procedure and Evidence (2001) 493, 504 et seq., 512 et seq.; Gallant, K., ‘Individual Rights in …”

Philipp Ambach . Relationship of the Court with the United Nations S. 23-41

„… would clearly demonstrate acceptance of the principle of individual criminal responsibility ‘towards the …”

Veronique Caruana, William A. Schabas . Trial in the presence of the accused S. 1564-1588

„… effective inquiry into his individual responsibility’72. 23The Appeals Chamber in Ruto and Sang did not …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845263571

Juan D. Lindau - Surveillance and the Vanishing Individual

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Juan D. Lindau

Surveillance and the Vanishing Individual

2022

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Chapter 3: Philosophical Debates about Privacy S. 43-54

„… exploration of privacy. This is especially true of liberal philosophers. The focus on the individual and on …” „… individual power and dignity. The liberal tradi-tion’s emphasis on limiting the power of the world’s most …” „… overwhelming institution, the government, in order to foster the flowering of individual freedom naturally made …”

Preface

„… Surveillance and the Vanishing IndividualSurveillance and the Vanishing IndividualPower and Privacy …” „… Cataloging-in-Publication DataNames: Lindau, Juan David, author.Title: Surveillance and the vanishing individual : power and …” „… , beginning with the computer and the Internet, empowered individuals, giving them hitherto unimagined …”

Chapter 2: Interdisciplinary Discussions of Privacy and Its Loss S. 21-42

„… individual.Across the world, different groups receive distinct privacy protections. One of the greatest …” „… very ground of life of the individual. . . . [It] is rarely understood to be the value one must defend …” „… invading the private lives of their populations. They could target individuals but could never “see …”

Chapter 1: The Transition from the Industrial to the Digital Age S. 1-20

„… . Everything that states do not know about individuals, whether as biologi-cal entities or as sentient …” „… proper relationship between the individual and the state. Moreover, the secret development and deployment …” „… these developments fundamentally alter the tenuous bal-ance between the individual and the collectivity …”

Chapter 11: The Rise of Surveillance Capitalism S. 201-218

„… individual choice and individualism. Their pursuit of universal access sought to advance typically …” „… individuals through digital intru-sions is especially consequential, corporate surveillance deepens …” „… success, since it contained vast amounts of individual data which could be mined and sold to advertisers …”

Chapter 4: Privacy as a Legal and Constitutional Right S. 55-76

„… secrets, and trademarks. . . . The common law secures to each individual the right of deter-mining …” „… take the form 56 Chapter 4 of coercive interferences with or intrusions upon the individual.”2 Warren …” „… and Brandeis were primarily concerned about protecting individuals from the encroachments of the press …”

Conclusion and Epilogue S. 269-290

„… surveillance and its consequences for individual pri-vacy, freedom, and agency, all states, as has been …” „… and their own populations, making it harder and harder for individuals to protect the remaining …” „… frequently, these efforts target individual hopes for specific changes or the preservation of the status quo …”

Chapter 9: Global Digital Mass-Surveillance Practices S. 157-174

„… between the individual and the community, and between individuals and the government, different societies …” „… polities’ liberal, rights-based foundations as well. If privacy is the price that individuals pay for the …” „… and corporations increase their surveillance of individuals, ordinary citizens seek out privacy …”

Chapter 7: Features of State Surveillance in the United States S. 121-136

„… individualism and individual rights.The answer to this seeming contradiction can be found in the declarations of …” „… metadata implies something vast that is very distant and removed from the individual and the private. If …” „… its development of a tool that intrudes so systematically on the individual. Even though much of the …”

Chapter 10: Representative Examples of State Surveillance around the World S. 175-200

„… surveillance regime reflects the lack of a philosophical tradition built around the primacy of individual …” „… community over the individual, attenuating notions of inalienable individual rights, including privacy.As a …” „… record scheme that grades a person’s “trustworthiness.” An individual’s score reflects a compilation of …”

Chapter 5: National Security and the Expansion of Digital Surveillance S. 77-100

„… respect for fundamental rights, surveillance’s intrinsic assault on individuals, and on their freedom and …” „… indi-viduals and on social and political life. Surveillance increases the capacity to control others. The first …” „… strand.Michel Foucault, for his part, explored the diminution in the power of the individual and the expansion …”

Chapter 13: Surveillance Tools and the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Case Study S. 243-268

„… , and agency of individuals. This raised questions in a number of democratic 244 Chapter 13 countries …” „… conflicts over the understanding of the collective good and the rela-tionship between the individual and the …” „… , the Confucian understanding of the relationship between the individual and the collectivity embodied …”

Chapter 6: The Legal Architecture Governing Mass State Surveillance in the United States S. 101-120

„… impossible for individuals to use the court system to challenge the govern-ment’s use of mass …” „… searching the Internet browsing his-tory of individuals without a warrant. The office of Senator Wyden (D-OR …” „… a troubling indifference to a matter of such importance to individual privacy rights. The Senate did …”

Chapter 8: Surveilling the Most Vulnerable: The State and Refugees, Migrants, Dissidents, and Minorities S. 137-156

„… attacks, the United States banned entry to individuals coming from countries that lacked proper biometric …” „… has occurred despite rules banning the FBI from investigating groups or individuals based solely on …”

Chapter 12: Conspiracy Theories and Other Impacts of Social Media Platforms S. 219-242

„… attitudes about the relationship between individuals and the state. Throughout the pandemic, fears of …” „… penetrate the lives of individu-als only intensifies the distrust that fosters conspiracy thinking …”

Index S. 291-308

„… specific organizations, topics, and individualsUnited States v. Reynolds, 102Universal Declaration of Human …”

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