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Kai Ambos, José Martínez - Göttingen Handbook on Latin American Public Law and Criminal Justice

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Kai Ambos (ed.), José Martínez (ed.)

Göttingen Handbook on Latin American Public Law and Criminal Justice

2023

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Manuel J. Ventura, Ezequiel Heffes ‘Genocide’ Against Political Groups in Latin America in light of the Travaux Préparatoires of the Genocide Convention (1948): The Case of Argentina S. 735-758

„… of the final definition of genocide(which excluded political groups)[p]oses, particularly with …” „… GenocideConvention (1948)).30 Decision against Bayón et al (Tribunal Oral en lo Criminal Federal de Bahía Blanca …” „… wereperfectly able to be defined;105 Haiti insisted that ‘the concept of genocide[must] cover crimes committed …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-30

„… Human Rights System 709Manuel J. Ventura & Ezequiel Heffes‘Genocide’ Against Political Groups in Latin …” „… America in light of theTravaux Préparatoires of the Genocide Convention (1948):The Case of Argentina 735 …” „… humanity and genocide.• International Trade Law: Latin American States are increasingly activeparticipants …”

Gustavo Emilio Cote Barco The Principle of Legality of Crimes in Colombia and Germany: Difference in Similarity? S. 325-348

„… Düsseldorf sentenced Jorgić for genocide based on theformer § 220a StGB (now § 6 Völkerstrafgesetzbuch).94 …” „… genocide, is fulfilled when a perpetrator pursues the destructionof the group as a social unit, in its …” „… reasonable from the literal point of view, not only because there isnothing in the definition of genocide …”

Natalia Ruiz Morato Limited statehood in Latin America: The rights of rural populations S. 231-250

„… right to legal personality,36the right to life in the cases of genocide and massacres37 and the right to …”

Figari Layús Engendering Transitional Justice in Latin America: the long road of gender inclusion S. 833-855

„… ). Of these, only four have entailed sexualised violence, namely the casesinvolving the Ixil genocide …”

Juan Pablo Pampillo Baliño Constitutionalism and constitutional change in Latin America: accomplishments and challenges S. 109-172

doi.org/10.5771/9783748920717

Joshua Hagen, Robert C. Ostergren - Building Nazi Germany

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Joshua Hagen, Robert C. Ostergren

Building Nazi Germany

2019

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7. Working toward Genocide: Camps of Confinement, Enslavement, and Death S. 335-384

„… 3357SWorking toward GenocideCamps of Confinement, Enslavement, and DeathAlong with other phrases …” „… those more distant options faded.Preludes to GenocideDuring their rise to power, the Nazis matched their …” „… client states.The Imperfection of GenocideThe Reinhardt camps also became superfluous following the …”

Index S. 482-495

„… , 380, 381, 382, 449n69, 449n71, 449n73. See also Action T4; concentration camps; genocideHoly Roman …” „… concentration camps; euthanasia; genocide; HolocaustAdolf Hitler Koog (Dieksanderkoog), 172–73, 173, 174–75AEG …” „… , 375, 382, 450n78. See also Action T4, concentration camps, genocide, Holocaustfactories, 277–79, 279 …”

Notes S. 401-451

„… Kühne, Belonging and Genocide: Hit-ler’s Community, 1918–1945 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press …”

Bibliography S. 452-481

„… : Allgäuer, 1941.Allen, Michael Thad. The Business of Genocide: The SS, Slave Labor, and the Concentration …” „… , 5–15. Berlin: Deutsche Landbuchhandlung, 1941.Friedlander, Henry. The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From …” „… . “Failure of Plans for an SS Extermination Camp in Mogilëv, Belorussia.” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 11 …”

Preface

„… Genocide: Camps of Confinement, Enslavement, and Death 335Epilogue: The Building and Breaking of Nazi …”

Epilogue. The Building and Breaking of Nazi Germany S. 385-400

„… the 1980s, their complicity with forced labor and genocide largely forgotten.Most other architects …”

5. Turning Germans into Nazis: Mind, Body, and Heart S. 213-273

doi.org/10.5771/9780742567993

Jacob S. Eder, Philipp Gassert, Alan E. Steinweis - Holocaust Memory in a Globalizing World

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Jacob S. Eder (ed.), Philipp Gassert (ed.), Alan E. Steinweis (ed.)

Holocaust Memory in a Globalizing World

2017

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Daniel Stahl Anti-Jewish Genocide. Jewish Discourses about the Crimes of the Argentinian Military Junta S. 187-198

„… 187 Anti-Jewish Genocide Jewish Discourses about the Crimes of the Argentinian Military Junta …” „… . 408. 189 anti-jewish genocide the same time, antisemitism was deeply rooted in Argentinian society …” „… : CONADEP (1984), pp. 69-75. 191 anti-jewish genocide the Disappearance of Persons (CONADEP) to investigate …”

Bibliography S. 248-270

„… (2006): Israel, the Jews and the Gypsy Genocide, in: Margalit, Gilad (ed.): Genocide. Nazi Germany and …” „… , in: Holocaust and Genocide Studies 29/2, pp. 189-211. Chaumont, Jean-Michel (1997): La concurrence …” „… des victimes. Génocide, identité, reconnaissance, Paris. Chetrit, Sami Shalom (1999): The Ashkenazi …”

Shirli Gilbert Remembering the Racial State. Holocaust Memory in Post-Apartheid South Africa S. 199-214

„… most frequently invoked was between the »twin atrocities« of apartheid and the Holocaust. The genocide …” „… informed (or not) by the Nazi genocide.5 Whether justifiably or not, however, in contemporary popular …” „… benchmark for talking about human rights abuses from slavery and colonialism to genocide, particularly in …”

Arnd Bauerkämper Holocaust Memory and the Experiences of Migrants. Germany and Western Europe after 1945 S. 31-44

„… . Resolute appeals to prevent genocides in the future or programs on human rights education do not solve …” „… determination to prevent genocide prompted Germany’s decision to intervene in Kosovo, as Foreign Minister …” „… Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide only one day before the Universal …”

Yulia Egorova Memory of the Holocaust in India. A Case Study for Holocaust Education S. 215-227

„… include the debate about the place of the Holocaust in the broader history of genocides, the relationship …” „… persecution and genocide. In academic discourse, placing Nazi ideology and practices in direct comparison …” „… genocide studies reveals that the comparative study of genocide no longer requires participants to be …”

Jacob S. Eder Holocaust Memory in a Globalizing World. Introduction S. 7-30

„… general do not consider the treatment of the Maori under British colonial rule an act of genocide4). From …” „… extreme horror of their […] genocide, […] [which] serves to demean and belittle suffering by other people …” „… , and North America, the Holocaust has become a paradigm for mass crime and genocide, a metaphor for …”

Notes on Contributors S. 271-274

„… Social and Cultural History (1994), Refugees in an Age of Genocide (1999, with Katharine Knox), The …” „… Institute for War, Holocaust and Genocide Studies (Amsterdam). Her most recent publications include the …”

Clarence Taylor Contested Visions. African American Memories of the Holocaust S. 171-186

„… killing babies. As such, they consider this hidden agenda a form of genocide carried out by the white …” „… due to abortions. Life Dynamics has also produced the film Maafa 21: Black Genocide in 21st Century …” „… , founder of BlackGenocide.org and New Calvary Baptist Church in Montclair, New Jersey. Childress argues …”

Fabien Jobard The French Humorist Dieudonné. Between Anti-Racism, Antisemitism, and Holocaust Denial S. 95-110

„… alleged extermination of the Jews,« Dieudonné restricts himself to expressing »doubts« about the genocide …” „… passed in 2001 stating in its sole article that »France publicly recognizes the 1915 Armenian genocide …” „… people sharing this opinion that the Holocaust [Shoah], the extermination of Jews, the genocide, has to …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-6

„… Genocide: Jewish Discourses about the Crimes of the Argentinian Military Junta …”

Oliver Rathkolb Holocaust Perceptions of Immigrants in Austria. The Hidden European Dimension of Holocaust Memory S. 45-60

„… over this topic at that conference, as well as on the topic of comparative genocide and the term …” „… »genocide« itself, have remained highly controversial. While it is currently very popular in Austria to …”

Aomar Boum The Logic of Antisemitism. A Moroccan Immigrant Narrative about Jews in Sweden S. 153-170

„… conference on Holocaust and genocide studies was hosted by Uppsala University. In January 2000, Stockholm’s …” „… national educational programming by focusing on the Holocaust and ignoring other genocides and human …”

Annemarike Stremmelaar Between National and Global Memory. Commemoration of the Second World War in the Netherlands S. 61-76

„… that of the Armenians. He went on to address the genocide of the Armenians at the hands of the Ottoman …”

Jonathan Goldstein Holocaust and Jewish Studies in Modern China. Functions of a Political Agenda S. 228-244

„… larger study of Jews, antisemitism, Zionism, and genocide. Such discussions have special resonance in …”

Tony Kushner The Murder of Stephen Lawrence. Racism, the Post-Colonial, and the Holocaust in Britain S. 77-94

„… genocide are always developing and fluid. In Britain during the late 1990s, campaigners for racial justice …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783835340114

- Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide:

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Christian J. Tams, Lars Berster, Björn Schiffbauer

Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide:

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2014

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Annex 5: Definitions of Genocide in the National Legislation of the Member States S. 493-509

„… (largely) identical to Article II of the Convention1. AlbaniaEnglish OriginalArticle 73GenocideThe …” „… 11:19:583B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mm10. LatviaEnglish OriginalSection 71GenocideFor a person …” „… repression ofgenocide.1st Article.Any person shall be punishable for genocide,who, with intent to destroy, in …”

General Introduction S. 48-79

„… GenocideConvention … consider setting up a Committee on the Prevention of Genocide,which would meet periodically to …” „… genocide-specific institutions and rules. Faced withcrises, the international community sets up commissions to study …” „… Convention, 534).19 Akhavan, Reducing Genocide to Law.20 Scheffer, GenocideSP 1 (2006), 229; taken up in …”

Christian J. Tams Article I S. 80-125

„… , ifArticle I requires active conduct (in other words positive action) against genocide(prevention and …” „… to’)20 Article I does not state that parties ‘must’ or ‘shall’ prevent and punish genocide,but that …” „… reaction’ of states to acts of genocide,which in his view argued for the ‘permissibility of inactivity’ in …”

Björn Schiffbauer Article VIII S. 318-339

„… GenocideConvention dealing with state referrals to organs of the United Nations. In contrastto Article IX, which …” „… Chartertherefore deviates from the terminology employed in Article VIII of the GenocideConvention and uses ‘softer …” „… .38 Consequently, non-parties seeking to raise genocide-related issues before the UN arerestricted to …”

Bibliography S. 26-47

„… Genocide,Aletheia Press, 1996;cited as: Boyle, The Bosnian People Charge Genocide.Luis Alberto Bramont-Arias …” „… Genocide.Andrew Bell-Fialkoff: A Brief History of Ethnic Cleansing, Foreign Affairs 72 (1993), 110.Orna …” „… Ben-Naftali/Miri Sharon: What the ICJ did not say about the Duty to Punish Genocide,JIntCrimJust 5 (2007), 859 …”

Björn Schiffbauer Article V S. 264-281

„… GenocideConvention. It would appear that from the very beginning of the drafting periodthere was broad consent on the …” „… GenocideConvention aimed principally at the prevention of genocide. However it should benoted that for non-criminal …” „… purpose of the Convention demand thecreation of genocide-specific defences. Rather, those defences that …”

Björn Schiffbauer Article VII S. 308-317

„… High Contracting Parties pledge themselves to grant extradition in cases of genocide.’This first …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8II. Paragraph 1: genocide and political crimes …” „… . Article VII and the Genocide Convention as a whole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24D. Concluding …”

Christian J. Tams Article IX S. 340-365

„… bringing genocide-related disputes before the Court on the basis of some otherjurisdictional clause remains …” „… , which would have emphasised the criminal character of genocide(‘crime of genocide’, ‘charges’), failed …” „… proceedings concerning Reservations to the GenocideConvention.72 Article IX does not preclude such ‘other …”

Björn Schiffbauer Article IV S. 238-263

„… obligation to punish perpetrators of genocide,Article IV contains implied duties for states with regard to …” „… have committed genocide.Article IV also contains one of the core duties of the Convention, namely …” „… , ‘effective penalties’ must be provided for persons ‘guilty’ of genocide,i. e. after a conviction; see Article …”

Björn Schiffbauer Article VI S. 282-307

„… those charged with genocide,namely that the person in question ‘shall be tried by a competent tribunal …” „… abstract duty to ensure trials of genocide:persons charged with genocide ‘shall’ be tried. This is a strict …” „… 11:15:283B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle VIPersons charged with genocide or any of the …”

Annex 2: The Way Towards the Convention S. 466-473

„… PREVENTION AND PUNISHMENT OF GENOCIDEPreambleThe High Contracting Parties proclaim that Genocide, which is …” „… political groups of human beings.(Acts qualified as Genocide)II. In this Convention, the word ‘genocide …” „… technique of genocide;(b) setting up of installations, manufacturing, obtaining, possessing or supplying of …”

Lars Berster Article III S. 204-237

„… ) Genocide;(b) Conspiracy to commit genocide;(c) Direct and public incitement to commit genocide;(d) Attempt to …” „… commit genocide;(e) Complicity in genocide.Table of Contents:mn.A. Introduction …” „… : Gaeta, GenocideConvention, 196.105 Supra, Article II, mn. 104.106 Article II, mn. 114.107 Supra, mn …”

Index S. 510-515

„… , 14–22actus reus, see: acts of genocideAd Hoc Committee on the Genocide ConventionIntro 18–20, 52ad hoc …” „… 41, 59direct and public incitement to commit genocideII 3, III 6–8, 27–35DNA analysis II 54dolus …” „… propaganda, see: incitement to commit genocideProtocol, Additional I III 50public incitement III 6, 34public …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-15

„… GenocideConventionCommentaryReemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck/978-3-406-60317-4/3d/00a_Titelei.3d from 04.02.2014 11:09:583B2 …” „… for 65 years, ithas been the ‘premier document’ (Daniel Rothenberg) of the fight against genocide:it …” „… , the GenocideConvention also implies the obligation for states not to themselves commitgenocide. As one …”

Lars Berster Article II S. 126-203

„… cultural genocide.Although it could in certain cases be considered as such ...’ (188, emphasis added); ‘not …” „… 11:13:393B2 9.1.580; Page size: 160.00mm 240.00mmArticle IIIn the present Convention, genocide means any of …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9II. Acts of genocide …”

Christian J. Tams Article XII S. 406-415

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17A. Introduction1Article XII is the only provision of the Genocide Convention that addresses …” „… obligations under the Genocide Convention bind stateson their own territory (including non-metropolitan …” „… the inclusion of colonial clauses in treaties such as Art XII ofthe Genocide Convention no longer …”

Christian J. Tams Reservations to the Convention S. 366-387

„… made with respect to the GenocideConvention concerns the possibility of ICJ proceedings pursuant to …” „… genocide-related disputes are not best dealtwith by means of ICJ proceedings. Over the course of the last 65 years …” „… would only ratify the GenocideConvention with a reservation to Article IX.107 By contrast, only months …”

Christian J. Tams Article XI S. 394-405

„… problematic;however it shows that even with respect to a fundamental treaty like the GenocideConvention, treaty …” „… boundexamined so far, in these settings, the succession of states to the GenocideConvention raises questions of …” „… successiond’Etats. The Genocide Convention is specifically addressed by Milanovic, in: Gaeta, GenocideConvention …”

Annexes to the Commentary S. 450

„… genocide;(c) Direct and public incitement to commit genocide;(d) Attempt to commit genocide;(e) Complicity in …” „… GenocideAdopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 9 December 1948The Contracting Parties,Having …” „… another group.Article IIIThe following acts shall be punishable:(a) Genocide;(b) Conspiracy to commit …”

Annex 3: Treaty Participation S. 474-480

„… Prevention and Punishment of the Crime ofGenocide, but does consider that the so-called Republic of Bosnia …” „… of genocide inaccordance with general international law irrespective of the Convention on the …” „… Prevention andPunishment of the Crime of Genocide’.427Reemers Publishing Services GmbHO:/Beck …”

Christian J. Tams Article XVI S. 432-437

„… GenocideConvention, notably in the framework of the emerging international criminal lawshaped and refined through …” „… genocide; therefore ‘itwould be advisable to provide for the possibility of revising the convention when …” „… 13 Del Mar, in: Gaeta, Genocide Convention, 504. As the ILC observed in the commentary towhat was to …”

Christian J. Tams Article XIII S. 416-421

„… emerging on the territory of existing states should automatically succeed to the GenocideConvention: for …” „… .1 UN Doc. E/447, 56.2 UN Doc. E/794, 43.3 See Article XI, mns 12–8.4 Robinson, Genocide Convention …” „… , 43.8 See Robinson, Genocide Convention, 112. For example, Siam proposed the number of statesrequired …”

Annex 1: Authentic Treaty Versions S. 450-465

„… genocide;(c) Direct and public incitement to commit genocide;(d) Attempt to commit genocide;(e) Complicity in …” „… GenocideAdopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 9 December 1948The Contracting Parties,Having …” „… another group.Article IIIThe following acts shall be punishable:(a) Genocide;(b) Conspiracy to commit …”

Christian J. Tams Article XVII S. 438-445

„… comments on succession to the GenocideConvention see Article XI, mns 19–27.25 See Reservations, mns 4–6 …” „… respect to the Genocide Convention by spelling out, in anon-exhaustive manner, important functions to be …” „… in turn have been influenced, to aconsiderable degree, by treaty action relating to the Genocide …”

Annex 4: Treaty Action S. 481-492

„… described as genocide.INDIA‘With reference to article IX of the Convention, the Government of India declares …” „… the provisions of the Convention on thePrevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.SRI LANKA6 …” „… Convention shall be interpreted as depriving its tribunals of jurisdiction in cases of genocide orother acts …”

Table of Cases S. 16-25

„… : Nauru.Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide(Bosnia and Herzegovina …” „… the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide(Croatia v. Serbia), Judgment of 18 February …” „… the Convention on Genocide, Advisory Opinion of 28 May 1951, ICJ Reports 1951, 15;short title …”

Christian J. Tams Article XIV S. 422-427

„… to multilateral treaties, such as the Genocide Convention, the term ‘denunciation’can be misleading …” „… its view, aconvention like the Genocide Convention required the moral support of statesparties. If …” „… designed to giveeffect to the universal condemnation of genocide.12 Belgium in particular arguedthat …”

Christian J. Tams Article XV S. 428-431

„… . While the Genocide Convention is notthe only treaty that ceases to be in effect once the number of state …” „… number necessary for its entryinto force.’126 As the number of state parties to the Genocide Convention …” „… international law against genocide.8The Convention terminates if the number of state parties drops below …”

Christian J. Tams Article X S. 388-393

„… as important as theGenocide Convention should not approach the questions of languages in a …” „… defines acts of genocide. The controversy which has broughtthese linguistic differences to light concerns …” „… Quigley, Genocide Convention, 94–5, for a clear assessment. For more detail see Article II,mn. 14.30 …”

Christian J. Tams Article XVIII S. 446-447

„… (authentic languages) and XVIII (deposit) of the GenocideConvention in one single clause, which typically …”

Christian J. Tams Article XIX S. 448-449

„… domain, and the Genocide Convention wasalways going to be an ‘open covenant, openly arrived at’.2 Article …” „… compliance with Article XIX,the Genocide Convention was registered with the United Nations on 12 January1951 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845258911

Christian Neuhäuser, Christoph Schuck - Military Interventions

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Christian Neuhäuser (ed.), Christoph Schuck (ed.)

Military Interventions

Series: International Politics: Perspectives from Philosophy and Political Science

Volume 1 2017

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Uwe Steinhoff Is There a Duty to Militarily Intervene to Stop a Genocide? S. 59-80

„… 59 Is There a Duty to Militarily Intervene to Stop a Genocide? Uwe Steinhoff In 2001 …” „… World Summit confined the scope of this alleged responsibility to genocide, crimes against humanity …” „… there is a moral obligation to militarily intervene in another state to stop a genocide from happening …”

Bob Sugeng Hadiwinata Challenging Interventionism in a Pluralist World Humanitarian Intervention: Conceptual Debates in the West and in Southeast Asia S. 129-148

„… 1,000,000 people became victims of genocide. The urgent need to prevent such a humanitarian tragedy from …” „… committed genocide in 1979. The association even went as far as to organize international opposition …” „… of prevention of the four major humanitarian crises: genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and …”

Kathrin Rucktäschel, Steve Schlegel Dilemmas for Disaster Relief—The Cases of Myanmar, Haiti and Aceh through the Lens of National Sovereignty and International Intervention S. 107-128

„… to protect their citizens from “genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity …” „… of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity” (A/Res/60/1, para 138 …” „… linked to ongoing armed conflicts (genocide, war crimes and ethnic cleansing) and can thus not be …”

Matthias Heise, Christoph Schuck Rights or Duties to Intervene? The Battle for the Better Argument: Military Interventions between Norms and Interest S. 27-58

„… prevent genocide, large-scale violations of human rights [...], or grave violations of international …” „… Interest 37 vention in defense of human rights are genocide, “ethnic cleansing” actions and brutal use of …” „… cites the attempts to legitimize German participation in the intervention to avert genocide in former …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… 27 Is There a Duty to Militarily Intervene to Stop a Genocide? Uwe Steinhoff 59 The Legitimacy of …”

Christian Neuhäuser, Christoph Schuck Introduction: Military Interventions in the Crosshairs of Interdisciplinary Research S. 9-26

„… Intervene to Stop a Genocide?,” Uwe Steinhoff examines exactly this question. He argues that, while there …”

Enrico Fels Beyond Military Interventions? The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and its Quest for cuius regio, eius dicio S. 149-328

„… inaction during an international crisis following the horrible genocide in Ruanda in 1994. New concepts …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845278629

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