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Petr Kratochvíl, Elsa Tulmets - Constructivism and Rationalism in EU External Relations

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Petr Kratochvíl, Elsa Tulmets

Constructivism and Rationalism in EU External Relations

2010

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The difficult access to empirical information S. 58-61

„… 58 c) The difficult access to empirical information Despite the large production of research on …” „… further, it is in fact still difficult for non-practitioners – and even for practitioners – to understand …”

The difficulties to bridge geographical expertise S. 53-57

„… days. Beyond the fact that information is often difficult to access in the field of foreign policy and …” „… structurally difficult to think beyond their own field. Our own observations on the academic field and …” „… taking into account the difficulties to access empirical information. a) The difficulties to bridge …”

The difficulties to analyse a policy not implemented yet S. 57-58

„… DG Relex, 2004-2006. 58 c) The difficult access to empirical information Despite the large …” „… the neighbourhood. b) The difficulties to analyse a policy not implemented yet The second …”

The European Commission S. 119-127

„… partners, further negotiations proved more difficult. The partners started to realise that they had the …” „… more difficult with the partners in the third phase (2007-present). The new method introduced by the …”

Poland S. 155-164

„… approach was, the change towards a more sceptical outlook is difficult to miss. One example of this change …” „… “Warsaw is aware that upgrading the EU’s relations with Ukraine will be a difficult process and that it …”

Four types of EU external relations and their relations to theories S. 30-47

„… entrenched and, therefore, extremely difficult to change or reconcile; for all of them, the EU has entered a …” „… , including its motivation (rationalist or constructivist). As a result, it is sometimes difficult to …” „… extremely difficult to conceive the EU as an autonomous organisation that would not only bind together its …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-6

„… difficult access to empirical information 58 2. The genesis of the ENP and its links to related policies …” „… . A scarce academic literature on the launch of the ENP 53 a) The difficulties to bridge …” „… geographical expertise 54 b) The difficulties to analyse a policy not implemented yet 57 c) The …”

Constructivism and rationalism: A reformulation S. 15-30

„… metatheoretical issues, made any deeper engagement between constructivism and rationalism difficult to achieve …” „… neighbours that would be difficult to define purely as rationalist or constructivist nicely fit into our …” „… from serious shortcomings. For the bridgebuilders the most serious of these difficulties lies in the …”

Interviews S. 96-99

„… horizon. It is difficult to give a precise date for when the second phase started but the changes have …”

Discourse analysis S. 71-86

„… one of them is a post-Soviet country with difficult realities and the other is a giant of global …” „… document recognizes Ukraine's EU membership perspective. At the same time, we are aware of the difficult …” „… tremendous difficulties they faced domestically in pushing through the required reforms. Some acknowl- 169 …”

Introductions S. 9-14

„… philosophy of science, which makes it extremely difficult for their enterprise to succeed. The second group …”

Interviews S. 86-92

„… the Commission seemed to be a difficult talking partner five years ago, it was seen as “very willing …” „… tremendous difficulties they faced domestically in pushing through the required reforms. Some acknowl- 169 …”

Conclusion S. 165-173

„… . Rationalists would discard the relevance of socialisation and hence they would find it difficult to explain the …”

Germany S. 136-146

„… German EU presidency had a difficult task to manage: The partners in the East started to express …”

Discourse analysis S. 92-96

„… The absence of rhetorical challenges to the EU and the acknowledgement of Moldova´s own difficulties …”

Interviews S. 105-110

„… countries in the same box (for instance, by the difficulties with the coordination of the meetings of EU …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845226507

Joachim Beck, Franz Thedieck - The European Dimension of Administrative Culture

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Joachim Beck (ed.), Franz Thedieck (ed.)

The European Dimension of Administrative Culture

Series: Schriften der Deutschen Sektion des Internationalen Instituts für Verwaltungswissenschaften

Volume 33 2008

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Dieter Schimanke Administrative Culture – a phenomenon difficult to catch S. 13-17

„… Institute of Administrative Sciences Administrative Culture – a phenomenon difficult to catch I On …”

Günther Oldenbruch Transcript of the panel discussion on the European dimension of Administrative Culture May 2007 S. 329-337

„… beaucoup plus économique qui investissait dans le capitalisme international. Dans les difficultés …” „… actuelles se joue peut-être le fait que cet équilibre social a été rompu par les difficultés observées avec …” „… absolutely as fast as possible, even though it is much more difficult than it is for a national …”

Michel CASTEIGTS Les cultures administratives face au paradoxe transfrontalier: vive la Tour de Babel! S. 161-179

„… difficultés techniques6 et administratives7 , se sont posées de multiples questions quant au choix de la …” „… difficultés immédiates, la confrontation quotidienne à une autre culture apporte d’irremplaçables richesses …” „… , comme l’expression « traduttore-traditore » le rappelle. Mais beaucoup de difficultés peuvent être …”

Michael VORBECK Contributions of the EU-Ombudsman and of small countries like Liechtenstein to the European dimensions of administrative culture S. 125-144

„… order to cope with this task. In addition, EU regulations are often difficult to read and understand …” „… countries such as France may find it difficult to understand administration in a federal system such as …” „… find co-operation and tolerance difficult to practice. Religion may also play a role when it comes to …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-8

„… THEDIECK Introduction 9 Dieter SCHIMANKE Administrative Culture – a phenomenon difficult to catch 13 …”

Zoltán SZENTE The effects of Europeanisation on administrative culture – From Myths to Reality S. 40-63

„… often difficult to distinguish the changes that were necessary in the course of democratic transition …” „… Europeanisation (frequently referred to as “EU conformity”), it is difficult to justify any repercussion of it on …” „… difficult to “say for sure where the influence of the EU on national administration starts and where it …”

Joachim Beck, Franz Thedieck Introduction S. 9-13

„… difficult to catch I On behalf of the German Section of the International Institute of Administrative …”

Franz Thedieck The Coming into Being of a European Administrative Culture S. 79-98

„… feature that makes the investigation of administrative culture so interesting and difficult. The …” „… the municipal council members even do not know the content of the law. This makes it difficult for …”

Christian Dick Changes in National Civil Law by European standards S. 98-115

„… Contract Law in the European Union is very difficult because currently each of the 27 EU member states has …” „… is difficult to get an overview of these legal documents. Therefore, the Acquis Group has the task …” „… contract which are located in different EU member states may also have difficulties because the laws might …”

Erich TILKORN Expériences interculturelles de la coopération transfrontalière entre administrations publiques à la frontière germano-néerlandaise S. 250-257

„… souvent la langue du voisin. En cas de difficulté lors d’une rencontre, une traduction rapide est …”

Joachim Beck Patterns of Administrative Culture in Cross-border Cooperation S. 179-214

„… should and could be a matter of future cooperation very difficult …” „… is more difficult to handle than the multi-cultural context of international institutions: the …” „… different, but people who do interact may be able to learn“63), is very difficult to be implemented in the …”

Magdaléna HADJIISKY Europe et réforme de l’administration: le statut des agents de l’État central en République tchèque S. 309-329

„… processus : la loi elle-même, en tant que miroir des difficultés de son élaboration. 2 Une convergence …” „… réticences. 311 2.1 On constate, chez les principaux acteurs politiques, une difficulté patente à …”

Stefan Fisch Mechanisms creating a European administrative culture S. 21-31

„… activity's specific features. Observation of this kind is doubly difficult for historians, who have …”

Hans-Günther CLEV Les espaces transfrontaliers: relais entre différentes cultures d’aménagement du territoire S. 214-222

„… jamais sous-estimer les difficultés. La configuration est plus simple seulement dans le cas où deux …”

Birte WASSENBERG Building a transborder political and administrative culture in the Upper Rhine region? – a historical analysis S. 222-250

„… resulting from history of the Upper Rhine region that made transborder cooperation more difficult than in …” „… rules imposed by the European Commission, it soon became clear that certain projects were difficult to …” „… hand, difficulties arsing from different project management approaches128. Thus, the relational …”

Rosalie VAN DAM, Roel DURING, Frank OTHENGRAFEN Understanding administrative cultures in European cooperation - Learning from INTERREG practice S. 63-79

„… experienced a difficult situation because the supporting policy for participation in the INTERREG project …” „… specific difficulties. In other cases culture was seen both as a barrier which caused frictions and …” „… culture may emerge and cause difficulties when a solution to the more superficial dissonances cannot be …”

Sulev MÄELTSEMEES, Ülle MADISE, Priit VINKEL Dimensions of Administrative Culture in Estonia S. 144-161

„… , for example in the leadership of Ministries. But it is difficult to determine the level of political …” „… the state. Municipalities themselves have to overcome the difficulties and to find resources to …”

Michel MANGENOT Européanisations et transformation de la définition de fonctionnaire S. 296-309

„… présente des difficultés internes et de nature très différente pour deux groupes de fonctions publiques …”

Didier GEORGAKAKIS European Civil Service as a Group: Sociological Notes about the «Eurocrats’» Common Culture S. 257-274

„… , Brubaker and Cooper, 2000). Without asking these questions, it is also difficult to understand the …”

Benedikt SPEER “Competence for Europe” as a challenge for the civil service – A look at Germany S. 274-296

„… difficult by the legal safeguards on personal data61, and by the reluctance of many public employers to …” „… for more intensive work on this question – work which will also have to highlight the difficulties …” „… only now being tentatively explored. At the same time, the difficulties which this would involve are …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845211152

Mikolaj Slawkowski-Rode - The Meaning of Mourning

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Mikolaj Slawkowski-Rode (ed.)

The Meaning of Mourning

2023

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15 The Difficult Art of Outliving S. 221-238

doi.org/10.5771/9781666908930

Tom Karako, Masao Dahlgren - Complex Air Defense

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Tom Karako, Masao Dahlgren

Complex Air Defense

2022

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Conclusion: A Difficult but Tractable Problem S. 48-49

doi.org/10.5771/9781538140543

Joke Wiercx - The Democratic Legitimacy of European Social Movement Organisations

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Joke Wiercx

The Democratic Legitimacy of European Social Movement Organisations

Series: International Civil Society

Volume 9 2011

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Legitimacy of ESMOs: A difficult balancing act S. 193-208

„… 193 Chapter 8 Legitimacy of ESMOs: A difficult balancing act 1 Going back to the beginning How can …” „… European organisations. Consequently, for individual members, it is difficult to become involved in the …” „… precisely this aspect that makes it difficult to guarantee a full deliberation at every step in an ESMO …”

Trade union legitimacy in a multi-level context S. 115-142

„… positively evaluated; it remains difficult to estimate how well informed the individual members actually are …” „… , it is difficult to inform them in any other way. Consequently, the effects of newsletters and …” „… difficult balance between the European confederation and its European sector federations is also …”

Environmental movement legitimacy in a multi-level context S. 165-192

„… level. The complexity of the network, however, also makes it difficult for all organisations to know …” „… complexity of most European environmental dossiers makes this even more difficult. In fact, this is the …” „… group were too difficult to follow. The knowledge gap between REACH experts (such as the policy officers …”

Representation in practice: The REACH regulation S. 143-165

„… a Chemicals Policy, balancing the different interests at stake, turned out to be very difficult …” „… the powers of the Chemical Agency, those which were more difficult, such as the duty of care, the …” „… testing, and finally the apparently most difficult issues, such as prioritisation, requirements for low …”

Explaining legitimacy in the context of social movements S. 35-64

„… , representativeness and performance – are difficult and contested areas in the development studies literature (…). The …” „… difficult to assess by using legitimacy criteria and ideas developed in the context of a nation state …” „… problem that input oriented support is difficult in the EU because there is no single demos (Weiler, 1997 …”

Representation in practice: The Services Directive S. 89-115

„… result, it took IMCO until 22 November 1995 to come to a final vote, finding a difficult balance between …” „… broad and vague. As such, it is often very difficult to predict which aspects will be picked out in a …” „… market for services was difficult to tackle from a trade union’s perspective. With it, trade unions were …”

Exploring grounds: The European trade union movement and the European environmental movement S. 65-88

„… integration and economic efficiency, it is fair to say the European project put trade unions in a difficult …” „… , & van der Hallen, 2001). Indubitably, these changing structures influenced the (sometimes difficult …” „… can expect that this broad group of trade union organisations is difficult to coordinate due to the …”

Introduction S. 17-35

„… difficult to look at how popular contention is affected by the European integration process, it could also …” „… , Sudbery points out two other factors determining this difficult position. Firstly, there is the fact that …” „… difficult to grasp the nature of social movements. Literature on the subject is oversupplied by definitions …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-6

„… context 165 V. The concluding part 8. Legitimacy of ESMOs: A difficult balancing act 193 Appendices 209 …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845229850

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