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Matthias Lehmann, Christoph Kumpan - European Financial Services Law

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Matthias Lehmann (ed.), Christoph Kumpan (ed.)

European Financial Services Law

Series: Kooperationswerke Beck - Hart – Nomos

Volume 2019

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Article 14 Restrictions on uncovered sovereign credit default swaps S. 918-920

„… default swaps 1. A natural or legal person may enter into sovereign credit default swap transactions only …” „… where that transaction does not lead to an uncovered position in a sovereign credit default swap as …” „… properly and that such restrictions might have a negative impact on the sovereign credit default swap …”

Article 4 Uncovered position in a sovereign credit default swap S. 892-894

„… sovereign credit default swap 1. For the purposes of this Regulation, a natural or legal person shall be …” „… considered to have an uncovered position in a sovereign credit default swap where the sovereign credit …” „… default swap does not serve to hedge against: (a) the risk of default of the issuer where the natural or …”

Article 8 Notification to competent authorities of uncovered positions in sovereign credit default swaps S. 902-903

„… Article 8 Notification to competent authorities of uncovered positions in sovereign credit default …” „… legal person who has an uncovered position in a sovereign credit default swap shall notify the relevant …”

Chapter 3 Prudential requirements S. 1643-1653

„… 45 Default waterfall 1. A CCP shall use the margins posted by a defaulting clearing member prior to …” „… Paola Lucantoni 1645 3. A CCP shall use contributions to the default fund of the non- defaulting …” „… using the default fund contributions of non-defaulting clearing members. A CCP shall not use the margins …”

Introduction and overview S. 874-881

„… Council of 14 March 2012 on short selling and certain aspects of credit default swaps (OJ L 86, 24.3.2012 …” „… European Sovereign Credit Default Swap Market’ (2016) 17 EBOR 319 (cited as “Howell, (2016) 17 EBOR 319 …” „… ”); Juurikkala O, ‘Credit Default Swaps and the EU Short Selling Regulation: A Critical Analysis’ (2012) 9 ECFR …”

Article 34 Publication of decisions S. 869-874

„… credit default swaps (OJ L 86, 24.3.2012, p. 1-24) Bibliography: Avgouleas E, ‘A New Framework for the …” „… the European Sovereign Credit Default Swap Market’ (2016) 17 EBOR 319 (cited as “Howell, (2016) 17 …” „… EBOR 319”); Juurikkala O, ‘Credit Default Swaps and the EU Short Selling Regulation: A Critical …”

Article 52 Risk management S. 1653-1654

„… Problem: What is the requirement on a CCP for portability of client assets in a member default …” „… default, a CCP should transfer the assets and positions recorded as being held for the account of the …” „… risks so that a default of a clearing member of one CCP does not affect an interoperable CCP; (d …”

Article 3 Short and long positions S. 888-892

„… position relating to sovereign debt shall include any sovereign credit default swap that relates to the …” „… credit default swap in the calculation of a net short position relating to sovereign debt (cf. Art 3(3 …” „… different funds of a single management entity.16 Article 4 Uncovered position in a sovereign credit default …”

Article 53 Provision of margins among CCPs S. 1654-1655

„… (c) identify, monitor and effectively manage credit and liquidity risks so that a default of a …” „… , the terms of the arrangement shall outline the process for managing the consequences of the default …” „… where one of the CCPs with which an interoperability arrangement has been concluded is in default. For …”

Article 2 Definitions S. 883-888

„… securities at a specified price at a future date; (c) ‘credit default swap’ means a derivative contract in …” „… credit event relating to a reference entity and of any other default, relating to that derivative …” „… severe financing problems; or (vi) the European Investment Bank; (e) ‘sovereign credit default swap …”

Article 30 Indirect clearing arrangements S. 513-517

„… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 4. Protection of indirect clients in case of default of the direct client . . . . . . . . 16 5 …” „… default of a clearing member. Art 30 MiFIR extends the protection offered by these provisions to indirect …” „… indirect clearing services.21 Protection of indirect clients in case of default of the direct client The …”

Article 8 S. 1054-1063

„… credit risk, i.e. the risk of a default by the PRIIP manufacturer. The two above mentioned risks …” „… loss due to the default of the PRIIP manufacturer or the default of any entity other than the PRIIP …” „… manufacturer.32 As appropriate, the section must distinguish between the default of an entity which would …”

Article 13 Restrictions on uncovered short sales in sovereign debt S. 914-918

„… uncovered sovereign credit default swaps 1. A natural or legal person may enter into sovereign credit …” „… default swap transactions only where that transaction does not lead to an uncovered position in a …” „… sovereign credit default swap as referred to in Article 4. 2. A competent authority may temporarily suspend …”

Article 2 S. 1684-1691

„… default or insolvency. This is all the more important as a functioning European financial market needs …” „… II. Commentary As the main source of systemic risk is the default or insolvency of the participating …” „… collateral provider’s default, ensuring the enforceability and realisation of such security within a system …”

Chapter 2 Conduct of business rules S. 1637-1643

„… right of use relating to the margins or default fund contributions collected via a security financial …” „… does not include default fund contributions. I. General features Chapter 2 of EMIR’s Title IV provides …” „… terms of client protection in case of default, see Article 48(6) EMIR. Problem: Does EMIR allow CCPs to …”

Article 1 S. 1680-1684

„… Europe’s rules on default and collateral protection’ (2009) 3 Law and Financial Markets Review 218 …” „… default or insolvency. This is all the more important as a functioning European financial market needs …” „… II. Commentary As the main source of systemic risk is the default or insolvency of the participating …”

Article 1 Subject matter and scope S. 1711-1720

„… default is inclusion) clause because the scope of the directive generally includes all businesses. This …” „… default and collateral protection’ (2009) 3 Law and Financial Markets Review 218, 220; Yeowart and Parsons …” „… and Hrovatin, ‘Safety in turbulent times: upgrading Europe’s rules on default and collateral …”

Introduction S. 1563-1574

„… Perspectives 22; Braithwaite J and Murphy D, ‘Central Counterparties (CCPs) and the law of default management …” „… derivatives Markets, Netting, Asymmetric Information and Sharing of Default Risk through a Central …” „… für Bankrecht und Bankwirtschaft 123; Shadab HB, ‘Guilty by Association: Regulating Credit Default …”

Article 11 Information to be provided to ESMA S. 906-908

„… sovereign credit default swaps, for which it is the relevant competent authority and receives notifications …” „… default swaps. The competent authority shall provide the requested information to ESMA at the latest …” „… applicable, daily aggregated uncovered positions on credit default swaps of a sovereign issuer. Under Art 3(1 …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. I-XLII

„… Council of 14 March 2012 on short selling and certain aspects of credit default swaps (OJ L 86, 24.3.2012 …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Article 3 888 Uncovered position in a sovereign credit default swap …” „… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Article 7 899 Notification to competent authorities of uncovered positions in sovereign credit default …”

Article 51 Interoperability arrangements S. 1653

„… Problem: What is the requirement on a CCP for portability of client assets in a member default …” „… default, a CCP should transfer the assets and positions recorded as being held for the account of the …” „… clients of the defaulted clearing member if the conditions provided under Article 48 are met. Otherwise …”

Chapter 4 Calculations and reporting for the purposes of Regulation (EU) No 575/2013 S. 1653

„… Problem: What is the requirement on a CCP for portability of client assets in a member default …” „… default, a CCP should transfer the assets and positions recorded as being held for the account of the …” „… clients of the defaulted clearing member if the conditions provided under Article 48 are met. Otherwise …”

Article 10 Application of notification and disclosure requirements S. 906

Article 21 Review and evaluation S. 1617-1621

„… authority of that Member State. However, since the CCP’s default impacts its clearing members, which are …” „… contributions to the default fund of the CCP referred to in Article 42 EMIR; (iv) the competent authorities …” „… members that are established in the three Member States with the largest contributions to the default fund …”

Article 9 S. 1702-1706

„… event of default and bankruptcy; in other words, it ensures that the defaulter pays.2 Any procedural …” „… difficulties or delays with respect to the realisation of security rights can lead to default and hence …”

Article 3 S. 1691-1695

„… ; Levin, Wezenbeek and Hrovatin, ‘Safety in turbulent times: upgrading Europe’s rules on default and …” „… system’s rules are not affected by the rules of any other system. To avoid spill-over effects of a default …” „… times: upgrading Europe’s rules on default and collateral protection’ (2009) 3 Law and Financial Markets …”

Article 9 Payment accessibility S. 1770-1771

„… the location of the payer’s account. The consequence can be a default of acceptance by the person owed …” „… the monetary obligation. A debtor who may perform its obligations by credit transfer risks a default …”

Article 10 Competent authorities S. 1771-1773

Articles 42 to 48 S. 939-941

„… online under https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/esma_guidelines.pdf. 13 See ESMA …” „… :// www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/list_of_administrative_measures_and_sanctions.pdf. Chapter VII-IX Delegated acts, implementing acts and final provisions Arts 42 to 48 SSR Klaus …”

Articles 32 to 41 S. 937-939

Article 1 Scope S. 881-883

„… to sell securities at a specified price at a future date; (c) ‘credit default swap’ means a …” „… in the case of a credit event relating to a reference entity and of any other default, relating to …”

Article 104 Information exchange with monetary authorities, clearing houses; legislators S. 1454-1457

„… functioning of those bodies in relation to defaults or potential defaults by market participants. The …”

Article 9 Method of notification and disclosure S. 903-906

Article 7 Notification to competent authorities of significant net short positions in sovereign debt S. 899-902

„… Article 8 Notification to competent authorities of uncovered positions in sovereign credit default swaps …” „… person who has an uncovered position in a sovereign credit default swap shall notify the relevant …”

Article 25 Recognition of a third-country CCP S. 1623-1628

„… default fund of the CCP referred to in Article 42 on an aggregate basis over a one-year period; (c) the …” „… features Title IV designs a regulatory framework to contain systemic risks that a CCP default would trigger …”

Article 4 Enforcement of financial collateral arrangements S. 1724-1728

„… : upgrading Europe’s rules on default and collateral protection’ (2009) 3 Law and Financial Markets Review 218 …” „… loan made to the collateral provider (B). In an alleged event of default, A writes to B that it now …”

Article 2 Scope S. 650-654

„… default swaps and contracts for difference. This Regulation also applies to behaviour or transactions …” „… credit default swap. Finally, the scope of MAR reflects the extension of the market abuse regime to …”

Index S. 1785-1803

„… ., 5 5 – unsolicited rating CRAR 8 a 7 et seq., 10 10 Credit Default Swaps SSR Intro 7, 14 1 Credit …” „… facilitation TD 18 12 Default – fund EMIR 8 – procedures EMIR 12 – waterfall EMIR 10 Deferred publication …” „… credit default swap – uncovered position SSR 4 1 et seq. Sovereign debt CRAR 8a 5 SSR – authorised …”

Article 3 Intragroup transactions S. 1579-1584

„… option of one of the parties other than by reason of default or other termination event; Options, futures …” „… reason of default or other termination event, as well as any other derivative contracts relating to …”

Article 32 Suspension and removal of financial instruments from trading on an MTF or an OTF S. 212-217

„… due to the default of a clearing member under the default procedures of a CCP, and a CCP would be …”

Article 23 Trading obligation for investment firms S. 487-492

„… collateral in a bilateral transaction or in the context of a CCP margin/ collateral requirement/default …” „… Council of 14 March 2012 on short selling and certain aspects of credit default swaps, 24.3.2012 (OJ EU L …”

Article 8 Methodologies, models and key rating assumptions S. 1263-1269

„… assumptions in the model and actual default and loss rates. The predictive ability of a rating can be …” „… measures the ordinal ranking of default risk. See Kiff, Kisser and Schumacher, ‘Rating Through-the-Cycle …” „… ability to rank rated companies or instruments according to their future status (defaulted or not …”

I. General features S. 1628

„… contain systemic risks that a CCP default would trigger in the EU financial markets. In view of the global …”

Article 11 Risk-mitigation techniques for OTC derivative contracts not cleared by a CCP S. 1603-1611

„… ) for credit default swaps and interest rate swaps that are concluded up to and including 28 February …” „… counterparty’s default risk – and a variation margin, which reflects the changes in the contract risk conditions …”

Article 113 S. 622-623

„… , including, but not limited to, credit default swaps and contracts for difference. This Directive also …”

Chapter 1 Organisational requirements S. 1628-1637

„… contain systemic risks that a CCP default would trigger in the EU financial markets. In view of the global …” „… Lucantoni 1629 the default procedures, the criteria for accepting clearing members, the clearing of new …” „… participation in auctions of a defaulting clearing member’s position. Such additional obligations shall be …”

Article 18 College S. 1615-1616

„… three Member States with the largest contributions to the default fund of the CCP referred to in Article …”

Article 14 S. 1709-1710

„… : upgrading Europe’s rules on default and collateral protection’ (2009) 3 Law and Financial Markets Review 218 …”

Article 6 Recognition of title transfer financial collateral arrangements S. 1731-1732

„… risk is close-out netting.1 Close-out netting, also known as netting by close-out or default netting …”

Article 1 Subject matter and scope S. 623-624

„… financial instrument referred to in those points, including, but not limited to, credit default swaps and …”

Article 106 S. 617-618

„… of ‘default rule’, requiring each Member State to ensure that its NCAs also have all other powers …”

Article 105 S. 616-617

„… these special rules, Art 105(2) has the function of a kind of ‘default rule’, requiring each Member …”

Introduction S. 1710-1711

„… default and collateral protection’ (2009) 3 Law and Financial Markets Review 218; Löber K, ‘Der Entwurf …”

Articles 83 to 91 S. 1679-1680

„… on default and collateral protection’ (2009) 3 Law and Financial Markets Review 218; Mangatchev I …”

Article 17 Procedure for granting and refusing authorisation S. 1613-1615

„… default fund of the CCP referred to in Article 42 on an aggregate basis over a one-year period; (d) the …”

Article 7 Recognition of close-out netting provisions S. 1732-1734

„… risk is close-out netting.1 Close-out netting, also known as netting by close-out or default netting …”

Article 3 Formal requirements S. 1722-1724

„… : upgrading Europe’s rules on default and collateral protection’ (2009) 3 Law and Financial Markets Review 218 …”

Article 2 Definitions S. 1720-1722

„… claims; (l) ‘enforcement event’ means an event of default or any similar event as agreed between the …”

Article 5 S. 1695-1697

„… participants may face serious shortfalls which may trigger a risk of default throughout the system.1 …” „… the directive. Funds or securities on the settlement account of a defaulting participant and even …”

Overview of Articles 5-11 S. 894-895

„… to net short positions in shares, sovereign debt and uncovered positions in sovereign credit default …”

Article 2 Definitions S. 1576-1578

„… that the counterparty to a transaction defaults before the final settlement of the transaction’s cash …”

Article 43 Marketing of AIFs by AIFMs to retail investors S. 1561-1563

„… Murphy D, ‘Central Counterparties (CCPs) and the law of default management’ (2017), 17 Journal of …”

Overview of Articles 12-15 S. 908-910

„… credit default swaps of a sovereign issuer. Under Art 3(1) of the Implementing Regulation (EU) No …”

Article 54 Approval of interoperability arrangements S. 1655-1658

„… default funds. Assets and positions held for the interoperable CCP should be distinguished in accounts …”

Article 2 Definitions S. 624-627

„… on that of the financial instrument, such as may be the case with a credit default swap (Art 1(4)(b …”

Article 4 Clearing obligation S. 1584-1588

„… capital, margins and default requirements imposed by the CCPs to the clearing members pursuant to the …”

Articles 27 to 31 S. 934-937

„… possibility of a default by any Member State or supranational issuer; (c) any serious damage to the physical …”

Commentary on Articles 40 and 41 Art. 40, 41 S. 545-549

„… MiFIR. 27 See https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/esma35-43-1000 …”

Article 1 Scope and UCITS definition S. 1304-1317

„… applies only where there is risk; risk being defined as the mathematical likelihood of a default. If there …” „… is no likelihood of default, the risk-spreading prerequisite does not apply. Art 1(2)(b) of UCITSD …”

Article 21 Post-trade disclosure by investment firms, including systematic internalisers, in respect of bonds, structured finance products, emission allowances and derivatives S. 478-482

„… transactions or in the context of a CCP margin or collateral requirements, or as part of the default management …”

Article 32 Trading obligation procedure S. 519-524

„… interest rate and credit default swaps13 (see → Art 28 mn 24). The classes of derivatives that are subject …”

Article 34 Freedom to provide investment services and activities S. 222-227

„… : https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/ files/library/2015/11/2012-382.pdf. II. Commentary European passport (Art 34(1) MiFID) As part …”

Article 14 S. 1081-1086

„… default option where the PRIIP is offered on a face-to-face basis, unless the retail investor requests …”

Articles 18 to 26 S. 930-934

„… action or a default by any Member State or banks and other financial institutions deemed important to the …”

Article 42 Product intervention by competent authorities S. 549-554

„… https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/esma35-43-1000_additional_information …”

Article 52 Suspension and removal of financial instruments from trading on a regulated market S. 303-308

„… when there is a need for liquidating financial instruments due to the default of a clearing member and …”

Article 35 Establishment of a branch S. 227-233

„… at: https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/ files/library/2015/11/2012-382.pdf. ESMA, Questions and …”

Article 2 Definitions S. 1317-1323

„… loss for the UCITS resulting from the fact that the counterparty to a transaction may default on its …”

Introduction to MiFID II and MiFIR Matthias Lehmann S. 1-6

„… ’: https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/2015/11/lamfalussy_r eport.pdf (15.6.2018). 21 The High-LevelGroup on Financial Supervision in the …”

Article 1 Subject matter and scope S. 1745-1751

„… in commercial transactions18 addresses the timeliness of payments and default, which are important …”

Article 20 Post-trade disclosure by investment firms, including systematic internalisers, in respect of shares, depositary receipts, ETFs, certificates and other similar financial instruments S. 472-478

„… transactions or in the context of a CCP margin or collateral requirements, or as part of the default management …”

Article 12 Procedures on the notification and disclosure of major holdings S. 1156-1163

„… , Mapping, paras 464-466. 7 The form is available at https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default …”

Article 28 Obligation to trade on regulated markets, MTFs or OTFs S. 503-511

„… credit-default swaps (CDS).21 This choice has been determined by the high amount of liquidity present in the …”

Article 13 S. 1163-1172

„… available at https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/library/2015/11/esma-2015-1 597 …”

Article 13 S. 1073-1081

„… default option where the PRIIP is offered on a face-to-face basis, unless the retail investor requests …”

Article 4 Waivers for equity instruments S. 408-417

„… margin or collateral requirement, or as part of the default management process of a CCP, (g) the …”

Article 4 S. 1695

„… the directive. Funds or securities on the settlement account of a defaulting participant and even …”

Article 47 Organisational requirements S. 264-268

„… current market transactions, transactions waiting to be cleared, and defaulting transactions. Furthermore …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845279893

Charlotte Julie Rault - The Legal Framework of Sovereign Debt Management

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Charlotte Julie Rault

The Legal Framework of Sovereign Debt Management

Series: Schriften zur Restrukturierung

Volume 9 2017

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Title II. IMPACT OF DEBT PRIVATISATION ON SOVEREIGN DEBT DEFAULT S. 92-139

„… sanctions Financial markets seriously affect defaulting States by excluding them396 after each default …” „… IMPACT OF DEBT PRIVATISATION ON SOVEREIGN DEBT DEFAULT Finance markets exert unprecedented …” „… . This computation was inequitable. Title II. IMPACT OF DEBT PRIVATISATION ON SOVEREIGN DEBT DEFAULT 94 …”

Introduction S. 17-36

„… demonstrates that some States default regularly, such as France and Germany. In fact, they defaulted as many …” „… current crisis31. In historical perspective, sovereign defaults are not isolated incidents. The current …” „… .). Ambitious legal proposals considering a specific framework in case of sovereign default have failed so far …”

Title I. CONTRACTUALISATION OF DEBT SUPPORTS S. 37-91

„… (Title I). Sovereign indebtedness and default are essentially privatised (Title II). As a whole, the …” „… discipline, we analyse the rules that control renegotiations in case of default. We conclude that there is …” „… repayment obligations in case of default of Germany. See statement of President Herbert Hoover: “The …”

Bibliography S. 249-278

„… for Defaulting Sovereigns”, International Insolvency Law Review, 2012 ———, “Sovereign Defaults to be …” „… Default Risk Valuation: Implications of Debt Crises and Bond Restructurings, Berlin Heidelberg, Springer …” „… ., “Sovereign debt – default and restructuring of debts owed to private creditors”, Journal of International …”

Title III. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK OF CONTRACTUAL INSTRUMENTS S. 141-196

„… offered in debt management and restructuring in case of sovereign default. First, the vertical approach …” „… approach, the settlement of a sovereign default can take two forms. The first form is contractual and is …” „… treatment of sovereign default as creditors only seek to recover their investment. Subsequently, since the …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-16

„… sovereign defaults1. 23 The insolvency of sovereign borrowers1.1. 23 The timelessness of modified debt …” „… debt products2.2.2. 88 CONCLUSIONTitle I. 91 IMPACT OF DEBT PRIVATISATION ON SOVEREIGN DEBT DEFAULT …” „… Result of a predictable situation1.1.2. 117 Criteria of sovereign default on the financial market1.1.3 …”

Title IV. SOVEREIGN DEBT MANAGEMENT, AN INTERNATIONAL PRIORITY FOR STATES S. 197-241

„… private creditors when a State defaults by integrating new standards. Second, its purpose is to help …” „… particularly in September 2014 and 2015. Pleading for a statutory approach to sovereign default is not new …” „… (2014). 662 Christoph G. Paulus, Sovereign Defaults to be Solved by Politicians or by a Legal Proceeding …”

GENERAL CONCLUSION S. 243-248

„… financing is composed of spectacular debt excesses, crises, defaults, and restructuring805. The initial …” „… a system based on international public law. No international system of sovereign defaults treatment …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845284767

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Enrico Zoffoli

Beyond Consensus

Series: Studies in Political Theory

Volume 4 2013

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When liberty is not an available default S. 218-221

„… When liberty is not an available default At this point, defenders of the Non-Coercive Rejection …” „… default position: “I have no claim to my income, you have no claim to my income, so feel free to consider …”

Overview of the argument S. 33-34

„… normative baseline or default position; coercion, being a deviation from liberty understood as the normative …” „… default, always calls for public justification (see Introduction §I.b). The presumption in favor of …” „… those who wish to deviate from the default assumption. The would-be coercer ought to justify her demands …”

The site of public reason S. 42-44

„… original baseline. Justificatory liberals always start from this default position. They assume that liberty …” „… is the moral status quo and seek to verify how and to what extend deviations from the default are …” „… ”. The first phrase refers to the default position or justificatory status quo. Liberty should be the …”

b Justificatory liberalism S. 13-20

„… favor of liberty”.12 Liberty is the normative baseline or default position. Those who advocate a legal …” „… , the core idea is the same: liberty has a deontic value in the sense that it constitutes the default …” „… deviate from the default. By shrinking the deontic character of liberty, perfectionist liberalism also …”

The Principle of Political Liberty S. 34-38

„… default position; coercion, being a deviation from liberty understood as the normative default, always …” „… deviate from the default assumption. The would-be coercer ought to justify her demands to the prospective …”

Some misgivings about the presumption in favor of liberty S. 38-42

„… always start from this default position. They assume that liberty is the moral status quo and seek to …” „… verify how and to what extend deviations from the default are publicly justifiable. These remarks help …” „… [though not only coercion] stands in need of justification”. The first phrase refers to the default …”

The narrow symmetry objection S. 221-223

„… to property”. But this presupposes that liberty is an available default position: “I have no claim to …” „… property rights. The second is that in any such case liberty is not a viable default position. As our …”

The Symmetrical Convergence View of Public Reason S. 223-225

„… property rights. The second is that in any such case liberty is not a viable default position. As our …”

Contested property rights S. 216-218

„… default At this point, defenders of the Non-Coercive Rejection Thesis could reply that coercive …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-10

„… 3.7.3 When liberty is not an available default 218 3.7.4 The narrow symmetry objection 221 3.7.5 The …”

What defeats what? S. 151-154

„… simply “confirm” the presumption in favor of liberty, which already assumes by default that coercion is …”

Framing the issue S. 202-205

„… liberty to ?. The presumption in favor liberty holds that liberty is the default position, deviation from …”

a Consensus and convergence S. 20-24

„… default position, thus placing on the would-be coercer a special justificatory burden. Third …”

b Overview of the argument S. 24-28

„… favor convergence over consensus by default. But let us suppose that they do come up with some such …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845247960

André Janssen, Hans Schulte-Nölke - Researches in European Private Law and Beyond

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André Janssen (ed.), Hans Schulte-Nölke (ed.)

Researches in European Private Law and Beyond

2020

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Esther Arroyo Amayuelas The Dialogue Between Courts Concerning Directive 93/13 with Special Regard to the Default Interest Terms S. 141-162

„… The Dialogue Between Courts Concerning Directive 93/13 with Special Regard to the Default Interest …” „… regard to unfair default interest terms in bank loans, which have always been highly controversial in …” „… , setting the damages for which lenders are to be compensated when borrowers are in default (i.e., interest …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 1-10

„… Concerning Directive 93/13 with Special Regard to the Default Interest Terms 141 Esther Arroyo Amayuelas 7 …”

H.L.E. Verhagen Towards an Optimal Conflict Rule for Assignment S. 263-282

„… rules such as those for assignment should start with the assumption that they are needed only as default …” „… private law rules in a free market should in principle be only default rules. 5. V. H.L.E. Verhagen 276 In …”

Larry A. DiMatteo The Quest for Uniform Laws S. 219-240

„… US law the UCC provides default rules that lie behind the CISG. If there is an external hole or gap …”

Edoardo Ferrante The Amended Proposal COM (2017) 637: a ‘New’ European Sales Law? S. 43-64

„… viewpoint, soft for its nature and soft for not being a default set of rules.20 And that has raised several …”

Dirk Staudenmayer Towards a European Private Law of the Digital Economy? - Trends S. 65-90

„… parties on the FRAND compensation, the precedent of REACH foresees default rules, which could indeed be …”

Cristina Amato, Elise Poillot Towards a European Culture of Legal Clinics: Transplanting the American Clinical Model S. 383-412

„… Americans’, September 2009 available at www.lsc.gov/sites/default …”

doi.org/10.5771/9783845298467

Fabian Walla - Die Konzeption der Kapitalmarktaufsicht in Deutschland

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Fabian Walla

Die Konzeption der Kapitalmarktaufsicht in Deutschland

Series: Schriften zum Gesellschafts-, Bank- und Kapitalmarktrecht

Volume 33 2012

Results in this title

Das Verbot bestimmter Leerverkäufe und credit default swaps als Musterbeispiel zur Begründung des rechtspolitischen Reformbedarfs S. 135-137

„… Verbot bestimmter Leerverkäufe und credit default swaps als Musterbeispiel zur Begründung des …” „… Finanzmarktkrise statuierte Verbot von ungedeckten Leerverkäufen und credit default swap agreements sowie die …” „… – im Mai 2010 gewisse Kapitalmarkttransaktionen, namentlich ungedeckte Leerverkäufe und credit default …”

»Normsetzung« durch Allgemeinverfügungen S. 67-78

„… Leerverkäufen und von credit default swaps bzw. der Transparenzpflichten für Netto-Leerverkaufspositionen …” „… Begründung sowie den rechtsgeschäftlichen Eintritt in credit default swaps agreements,275 welche …” „… credit default swap agreements verboten bzw. reglementiert wird, eine hinreichende Konkretisierung des …”

Kritikpunkte an der geltenden Rechtslage S. 131-135

„… Kapitalmarktaufsichtsarchitektur gerecht zu werden. 2. Das Verbot bestimmter Leerverkäufe und credit default swaps als …” „… default swap agreements sowie die Transparenzpflichten für Netto-Leerverkaufspositionen geradezu …”

Vorschlag de lege ferenda S. 250-255

„… credit default swaps auf eine rechtsstaatlich unbedenkliche Grundlage stellen. Eine »Normsetzung durch …” „… Leerverkäufen und credit default swaps Wendet man diesen Vorschlag nun auf das vorher als Musterbeispiel für die …”

Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis S. 2-16

„… mit der ESMA 134 2. Das Verbot bestimmter Leerverkäufe und credit default swaps als Musterbeispiel …” „… § 4 a Abs. 4 WpHG 254 cc) Anwendung auf die Regulierung von Leerverkäufen und credit default swaps …”

Einleitung S. 17-18

„… Verhaltensweisen – wie etwa ungedeckte Leerverkäufe oder credit default swap agreements – nunmehr als schädlich …”

Rechtssetzung und Rechtsdurchsetzung – zwei Ebenen der Aufsicht S. 50-52

„… default swap agreements durch Allgemeinverfügungen illustrieren.170 Trotz der rechtstheoretischen …”

Ausblick und Resümee S. 265-269

„… Einführung von Transparenzpflichten für Netto-Leerverkaufspositionen sowie das Verbot von credit default swap …”

Bedenken S. 255-261

„… 255 cc) Anwendung auf die Regulierung von Leerverkäufen und credit default swaps Wendet man diesen …”

Verwaltungsrechtliche Eingriffsbefugnisse S. 79-112

„… credit default swap agreements gleichen, rechtssicher vornehmen kann.402 Hierzu passen auch die in § 4 a …”

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